Modular floating support machining tool installation and use method and machining tool

Abstract

The application provides a modular floating support machining tool mounting and using method and a machining tool, and relates to the technical field of machining tools.The application provides a modular floating support machining tool mounting and using method and a machining tool, which comprises the following steps: vertically fixing splicable mandrel segments, splicing a corresponding number of mandrel segments according to the length of a workpiece and adjusting the circumferential phase; after installing a tail end blanking disc, hoisting and sleeving into the workpiece, at this time, the telescopic floating auxiliary support assembly is in a retracted avoidance state; installing a front end blanking disc and pre-tightening, screwing in a lifting ring to complete pre-assembly; hoisting the workpiece and the tool as a whole to a machine tool after completing pre-assembly, and connecting with a four-axis rotary table and a movable tailstock; after installation, pushing the four claws forward, locking the end part of the workpiece, and then measuring and aligning to complete all installation; passing in hydraulic oil with a set pressure, extending all auxiliary supports to tightly press against the inner wall of the workpiece, and providing uniform floating support; after machining, releasing the hydraulic pressure, and automatically retracting the auxiliary supports, so that the workpiece can be disassembled. The technical scheme of the application is used to solve the technical problems of poor machining stiffness and easy deformation of a thin-walled rotary body structural part in the prior art.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of CNC machining tooling and fixture technology, and in particular to a method for installing and using a modular floating support machining tooling and the machining tooling itself. Background Technology

[0002] In the aerospace and high-end equipment manufacturing fields, large-size thin-walled rotating structural components are core load-bearing parts for cabin and cylindrical equipment. These parts are generally characterized by large radial dimensions, thin walls, weak overall rigidity, and interference structures such as reinforcing ribs and mounting bosses on the inner walls. During milling, turning, and other cutting processes, the workpiece is easily subjected to elastic and plastic deformation due to multiple factors such as its own weight, cutting force impact, and residual stress release, ultimately leading to out-of-tolerance dimensions and form and position tolerances. This has become a common industry problem in the precision machining of thin-walled parts.

[0003] Currently, the industry generally uses internal supports to improve the rigidity of thin-walled rotating structural parts, but existing technologies have many shortcomings in practical applications:

[0004] Firstly, traditional mandrels are mostly integral custom structures, with a single mandrel only suitable for parts of a single length specification. Multi-variety production requires the preparation of multiple sets of special tooling, resulting in high manufacturing costs, long changeover cycles, and difficulty in adapting to flexible production modes.

[0005] Secondly, existing internal supports are mostly fixed-point arrangements, which cannot avoid the reinforcing ribs or mounting bosses on the inner wall of the workpiece, and are prone to clamping interference. To avoid interference, additional machining notches or process tables will reduce the strength of the support structure and damage the integrity of the part design.

[0006] Third, most support schemes are rigid hard contact, which can easily introduce additional clamping stress during the clamping process. After machining, the stress is released in a concentrated manner after the support is removed, resulting in significant springback deformation of the parts. Moreover, the fixed support force cannot match the dynamic changes in the rigidity of the workpiece during machining, which can easily lead to over-constraint or insufficient support.

[0007] In summary, improving the universality and adaptability of support fixtures for thin-walled rotating structural components, resolving clamping interference at inner wall rib positions, and simultaneously achieving stress-free clamping and machining deformation control are urgent technical challenges to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0008] This invention provides a modular floating support machining tooling installation and usage method and machining tooling, which can solve the technical problems of poor machining stiffness and easy machining deformation of thin-walled rotating structural parts in the prior art.

[0009] According to one aspect of the present invention, a method for installing and using a modular floating support machining fixture for a thin-walled rotary body structural component is provided. The modular floating support machining fixture for the thin-walled rotary body structural component includes a four-axis rotary table, a movable tailstock, an end face blocking plate assembly, a splicable mandrel assembly, and multiple sets of telescopic floating auxiliary support assemblies. The four-axis rotary table has a zero-point locator and is fixed to the machine tool worktable for clamping the front end of the fixture. The zero-point locator is set on the working end face of the four-axis rotary table to achieve rapid positioning and locking of the entire fixture and ensure repeatable clamping accuracy. The movable tailstock is fixed to the machine tool worktable for clamping the tail end of the fixture. It is coaxially arranged with the four-axis rotary table to ensure rigidity during rotary machining. The end-face blocking plate assembly includes a front-end blocking plate and a rear-end blocking plate. The splicable mandrel assembly includes a front-end flange, a rear-end flange, and at least two equal-length mandrel segments connected end-to-end, serving as the load-bearing base for the fixture. The front-end blocking plate is mounted on the front-end flange, and the rear-end blocking plate is mounted on the rear-end flange. Multiple sets of telescopic floating auxiliary support assemblies are densely installed along the axial and circumferential directions on the outer wall of the splicable mandrel assembly for... The inner wall of the workpiece provides floating support to compensate for the workpiece's rigidity. The telescopic floating auxiliary support component has a dual-stroke working position. During workpiece assembly, it is in a retracted, off-center state. During processing, it extends hydraulically to press against the inner wall of the workpiece. The modular floating support machining fixture installation and usage method for thin-walled rotating structural components includes: Step 1, vertically fixing the splicable mandrel segments, splicing the corresponding number of mandrel segments according to the workpiece length, and adjusting the circumferential phase; after installing the tail-end plug, hoisting and fitting it onto the workpiece. At this time, the telescopic floating auxiliary support component is in a retracted, off-center state. Step 1: Install the front end cap and pre-tighten it, then screw in the lifting ring to complete the pre-assembly; Step 2: Hoist the pre-assembled workpiece and fixture onto the machine tool and align it with the four-axis rotary table and movable tailstock; After assembly, push the four jaws forward, lock the end of the workpiece, and then use a dial indicator to align it to complete the entire installation; Step 3: Introduce hydraulic oil at the set pressure, and the auxiliary supports of all telescopic floating auxiliary support components extend and press against the inner wall of the workpiece to provide uniform floating support; Step 4: After processing is completed, release the hydraulic pressure, and the auxiliary supports of all telescopic floating auxiliary support components will automatically retract, allowing the workpiece to be disassembled.

[0010] Furthermore, the mandrel segment has a hollow cylindrical structure with an axially penetrating weight-reducing through hole in the center, which also serves as a channel for laying sensor cables and hydraulic lines.

[0011] Furthermore, each mandrel segment has eight threaded holes evenly arranged circumferentially on its mating flange, allowing adjacent mandrel segments to be circumferentially misaligned at 0° or 45° to adjust the circumferential position of the support points.

[0012] Furthermore, the outer wall of each mandrel segment is densely covered with threaded mounting holes and oil supply holes. The threaded mounting holes are used to fix the telescopic floating auxiliary support assembly, and the oil supply holes are connected to the oil passage inside the mandrel to provide hydraulic power to the telescopic floating auxiliary support assembly. The oil supply holes where the telescopic floating auxiliary support assembly is not installed are equipped with oil plugs for sealing. The telescopic floating auxiliary support assembly can be installed and arranged at any point according to the workpiece structure.

[0013] Furthermore, the telescopic floating auxiliary support assembly includes an auxiliary support body, an auxiliary support mounting base, an auxiliary support extension rod, a telescopic avoidance system, and a hydraulic drive cylinder. The hydraulic drive cylinder is a single-acting spring return structure, with a lower stroke avoidance position and an upper stroke support working position. The piston rod of the hydraulic drive cylinder is connected to the telescopic avoidance system and the auxiliary support body respectively, and is used to drive the extension of the telescopic avoidance system and the auxiliary support body. The auxiliary support extension rod is set on the telescopic avoidance system, the auxiliary support mounting base is set on the auxiliary support extension rod, and the auxiliary support body is set on the auxiliary support mounting base.

[0014] Furthermore, the telescopic floating auxiliary support assembly is mounted on the spindle segment via a support mounting plate. The side of the support mounting plate that is in contact with the outer wall of the spindle segment is machined with a long strip-shaped sealing groove, in which a sealing ring is embedded. After the mounting plate is locked, the sealing ring forms a sealing cavity around the oil supply hole. After the hydraulic oil flows out from the oil supply hole, it enters the rodless cavity of the hydraulic drive cylinder, driving the piston rod to extend.

[0015] Furthermore, the telescopic floating auxiliary support assembly also includes a conformal support head. The conformal support head adopts a detachable threaded connection structure and is customized with a conformal end face according to the curved shape of the inner wall of the workpiece to increase the contact area, reduce the contact pressure, and avoid the support damaging the inner wall of the workpiece.

[0016] Further, in step one, the splicable mandrel segments are placed vertically, and the lower ends of the mandrel segments are fixed. According to the length of the workpiece to be processed, the corresponding number of mandrel segments are spliced, and the circumferential phase of the segments is adjusted and the connecting bolts are tightened. The tail end plug is connected to the tail end flange of the splicable mandrel assembly. The stop of the tail end plug is pre-machined to match the stop of the lower end of the workpiece to ensure the fitting accuracy. The thin-walled workpiece to be processed is slowly put into the splicable mandrel assembly from above using a hoisting device. During this process, the auxiliary support is in a retracted and avoidance state, which can smoothly pass through the interference area of ​​the inner wall. After the workpiece is put into place, the front end plug is installed, pre-tightened, and finally the lifting eye screws are screwed in to complete the offline pre-assembly. After the front end plug and the zero-point positioner are assembled, the stop size needs to be matched to ensure the coaxiality of the splicable mandrel assembly, the workpiece, and the four-axis rotary table.

[0017] According to another invention of the present invention, a modular floating support machining fixture for thin-walled rotating body structural components is provided. This modular floating support machining fixture for thin-walled rotating body structural components is used to implement the installation and use method of the modular floating support machining fixture for thin-walled rotating body structural components as described above.

[0018] Furthermore, the modular floating support machining fixture for the thin-walled rotary body structural component includes a four-axis rotary table, a movable tailstock, an end-face blocking plate assembly, a splicable mandrel assembly, and multiple sets of telescopic floating auxiliary support assemblies. The four-axis rotary table has a zero-point locator and is fixed to the machine tool worktable for clamping the front end of the fixture. The zero-point locator is located on the working end face of the four-axis rotary table to achieve rapid positioning and locking of the entire fixture, ensuring repeatability and clamping accuracy. The movable tailstock is fixed to the machine tool worktable for clamping the tail end of the fixture and is coaxially arranged with the four-axis rotary table to ensure the rigidity of rotary machining. The end-face blocking plate assembly includes a front-end blocking plate and... The tail-end blocking plate, which is a splicable mandrel assembly, includes a front-end docking flange, a rear-end docking flange, and at least two mandrel segments of equal length connected end to end, serving as the load-bearing base of the tooling. The front-end blocking plate is set on the front-end docking flange, and the rear-end blocking plate is set on the rear-end docking flange. Multiple sets of telescopic floating auxiliary support components are densely installed along the axial and circumferential directions on the outer wall of the splicable mandrel assembly to provide floating support for the inner wall of the workpiece to compensate for the rigidity of the workpiece. The telescopic floating auxiliary support components have a dual-stroke working position. When the workpiece is assembled, it is in a retracted and avoidance state. During processing, it extends and presses against the inner wall of the workpiece through hydraulic drive.

[0019] The present invention provides a method for installing and using a modular floating support machining fixture for thin-walled rotating structural components. This method effectively improves machining rigidity, reduces vibration and deformation during machining, and significantly improves the machining accuracy and efficiency of parts through the integrated design of modular splicing and telescopic avoidance. At the same time, the fixture is versatile and effectively solves problems such as poor machining rigidity, large clamping deformation, poor fixture versatility, and fixture interference in the machining of large-size thin-walled rotating parts. It can be widely used in the precision machining of cabin and cylindrical parts in aerospace, weaponry and other fields. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this specification, are provided to further illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the textual description, explain the principles of the invention. It is obvious that the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of the invention, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a modular floating support machining fixture for a thin-walled rotating body structure provided according to a specific embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0022] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a splicable mandrel assembly provided according to a specific embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0023] Figure 3a and Figure 3b A schematic diagram of a splicable mandrel assembly according to a specific embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0024] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a mandrel segment connection according to a specific embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0025] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a telescopic floating auxiliary support assembly according to a specific embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0026] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the offline installation of a modular floating support machining fixture for a thin-walled rotating body structure according to a specific embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0027] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a four-axis installation of a modular floating support machining fixture for a thin-walled rotating body structure provided according to a specific embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0028] The above figures include the following reference numerals:

[0029] 10. Four-axis rotary table; 11. Zero-point positioner; 20. Movable tailstock; 30. End face blocking plate assembly; 31. Front end blocking plate; 32. Tail end blocking plate; 40. Splicable mandrel assembly; 41. Front end mating flange; 42. Tail end mating flange; 43. Mandrel segment; 43a. Connecting threaded hole; 43b. Threaded mounting hole; 43c. Oil supply hole; 50. Telescopic floating auxiliary support assembly; 51. Auxiliary support body; 52. Auxiliary support mounting base; 53. Auxiliary support extension rod; 54. Telescopic avoidance system; 55. Hydraulic drive cylinder. Detailed Implementation

[0030] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the present invention or its application or use. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to this application. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0032] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions, and values ​​of the components and steps set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the invention. It should also be understood that, for ease of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn to actual scale. Techniques, methods, and devices known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and devices should be considered part of the specification. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following figures denote similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further discussed in subsequent figures.

[0033] like Figures 1 to 7As shown, according to a specific embodiment of the present invention, a method for installing and using a modular floating support machining fixture for a thin-walled rotating body structural component is provided. The modular floating support machining fixture for the thin-walled rotating body structural component includes a four-axis rotary table 10, a movable tailstock 20, an end-face blocking plate assembly 30, a splicable mandrel assembly 40, and multiple sets of telescopic floating auxiliary support assemblies 50. The four-axis rotary table 10 has a zero-point locator 11 and is fixed to the machine tool worktable for clamping the front end of the fixture. The zero-point locator 11 is disposed on the working end face of the four-axis rotary table 10 to achieve rapid positioning and locking of the entire fixture. To ensure repeatable clamping accuracy; the movable tailstock 20 is fixed to the machine tool worktable for clamping the tail end of the tooling, and is coaxially arranged with the four-axis rotary table 10 to ensure the rigidity of rotary machining; the end face blocking plate assembly 30 includes a front end blocking plate 31 and a tail end blocking plate 32, and the splicable mandrel assembly 40 includes a front end docking flange 41, a tail end docking flange 42, and at least two equal-length mandrel segments 43 connected end to end, serving as the bearing base of the tooling, with the front end blocking plate 31 set on the front end docking flange 41 and the tail end blocking plate 32 set on the tail end docking flange 42; multiple sets of telescopic floating auxiliary support assemblies 50 are closely spaced along the axial and circumferential directions. The fabric is installed on the outer wall of the splicable mandrel assembly 40 to provide floating support to the inner wall of the workpiece to compensate for the rigidity of the workpiece. The telescopic floating auxiliary support assembly 50 has a dual-stroke working position. When the workpiece is assembled, it is in a retracted and avoidance state. During processing, it is hydraulically driven to extend and press against the inner wall of the workpiece. The modular floating support processing tooling installation and usage method of the thin-walled rotating body structure includes: Step 1, vertically fix the splicable mandrel segment 43, splice the corresponding number of mandrel segments 43 according to the length of the workpiece and adjust the circumferential phase; after installing the tail end plug 32, hoist and fit it into the workpiece. At this time, the telescopic floating auxiliary support assembly Part 50 is in a retracted and shifted position; install the front end blocking plate 31 and pre-tighten it, then screw in the lifting ring to complete the pre-assembly; Step 2, hoist the pre-assembled workpiece and tooling together onto the machine tool and align it with the four-axis rotary table 10 and the movable tailstock 20; after assembly, push the four jaws forward, lock the end of the workpiece, and then use a dial indicator to align it to complete the entire installation; Step 3, introduce hydraulic oil at a set pressure, and the auxiliary supports of all telescopic floating auxiliary support components 50 extend and press against the inner wall of the workpiece to provide uniform floating support; Step 4, after processing is completed, release the hydraulic pressure, and the auxiliary supports of all telescopic floating auxiliary support components 50 automatically retract, allowing the workpiece to be disassembled.

[0034] This configuration provides a method for installing and using a modular floating support machining fixture for thin-walled rotating structural components. Compared with existing technologies, this method has the following advantages: a) It adopts a modular splicing design, offering strong versatility and adaptability. By increasing or decreasing the number of mandrel segments, it adapts to workpieces of different lengths; the staggered splicing of segments adapts to different internal feature distributions; a single fixture covers multiple specifications of parts, significantly reducing fixture costs and adapting to flexible production needs; b) It designs a telescopic floating auxiliary support component with a telescopic avoidance structure, completely solving internal interference. The auxiliary support automatically retracts during clamping, ensuring no interference when the workpiece is fitted, eliminating the need for additional avoidance structures, and significantly improving clamping efficiency; c) The telescopic floating auxiliary support component is a hydraulic floating support, achieving stress-free clamping. The support force is uniform and controllable, avoiding additional clamping stress caused by rigid supports; the multi-point dense support combined with mandrel bearing load effectively offsets self-weight and cutting force deformation, improving the rigidity of the machining process; d) It has strong flexible expansion capabilities. The replaceable extension rod and support head are compatible with parts of different diameters and shapes. The built-in oil circuits and pipelines are suitable for four-axis rotary machining, eliminating the risk of pipeline entanglement. Therefore, compared with existing technologies, the modular floating support machining tooling installation and usage method for thin-walled rotary structural parts provided by this invention effectively improves machining rigidity, reduces vibration and deformation during machining, and significantly improves part machining accuracy and efficiency through modular splicing and telescopic avoidance integrated design. At the same time, the tooling is universal, effectively solving problems such as poor machining rigidity, large clamping deformation, poor tooling universality, and tooling interference in the machining of large-size thin-walled rotary parts. It can be widely used in the precision machining of cabin and cylindrical parts in aerospace, weaponry, and other fields.

[0035] Specifically, in order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, this invention provides a modular floating support machining fixture for thin-walled rotating body structural components to solve the problems of poor machining stiffness and easy machining deformation of thin-walled rotating body structural components.

[0036] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0037] A modular floating support machining fixture for a thin-walled rotating structural component, comprising the following components:

[0038] 1. Four-axis rotary table: The four-axis rotary table is fixed to the machine tool worktable and is used to clamp the front end of the tooling; the zero-point positioner is set on the working end face of the four-axis rotary table to realize the rapid positioning and locking of the entire tooling and ensure the accuracy of repeated clamping.

[0039] 2. Movable tailstock: The movable tailstock is fixed to the machine tool worktable and is used to clamp the tail end of the tool. It is arranged coaxially with the four-axis rotary table to ensure the rigidity of rotary machining.

[0040] 3. End face blocking plate assembly: including front end blocking plate and tail end blocking plate, the blocking plate stop is matched with the workpiece end face stop to ensure the coaxiality of the mandrel and the workpiece, and the blocking plate is equipped with lifting ring mounting holes for overall hoisting;

[0041] 4. Splicable Mandrel Assembly: Composed of at least two equal-length mandrel segments spliced ​​end-to-end, serving as the load-bearing base of the tooling; each mandrel segment is a hollow cylindrical structure with a centrally located axially penetrating weight-reducing through-hole, which also serves as a channel for laying sensor cables and hydraulic lines; the segment has an internal axial oil passage, and the mating end face has a sealing structure, allowing the oil passages to be interconnected after splicing. In this invention, the mating flange of each mandrel segment 43 has eight threaded holes 43a evenly arranged circumferentially, allowing adjacent mandrel segments 43 to be spliced ​​with a 0° or 45° circumferential offset to adjust the circumferential position of the support point. As a specific embodiment of this invention, the mandrel segment mating flange adopts an 8-hole connection design, allowing adjacent segments to be spliced ​​with a 45° offset, flexibly adjusting the circumferential position of the support point, and adapting to different distributions of inner wall reinforcing ribs.

[0042] Each mandrel segment 43 has numerous threaded mounting holes 43b and oil supply holes 43c on its outer wall. The threaded mounting holes 43b are used to fix the telescopic floating auxiliary support assembly 50, and the oil supply holes 43c are connected to the oil passage inside the mandrel to provide hydraulic power to the telescopic floating auxiliary support assembly 50. The oil supply holes 43c where the telescopic floating auxiliary support assembly 50 is not installed are equipped with oil plugs for sealing. The telescopic floating auxiliary support assembly 50 can be installed and arranged at any point according to the workpiece structure.

[0043] 5. Telescopic Avoidance Floating Auxiliary Support Assembly: Multiple sets are densely installed along the axial and circumferential directions of the mandrel. Each set includes a support mounting plate, a hydraulic drive cylinder, a support rod, a replaceable extension rod, and a contour support head. The hydraulic drive cylinder is a single-acting spring return structure with dual working positions for retraction avoidance and extension. Hydraulic oil with uniform pressure is provided to all auxiliary supports through the internal oil circuit of the mandrel to achieve uniform control of the floating support force.

[0044] As a specific embodiment of the present invention, the telescopic floating auxiliary support assembly 50 includes an auxiliary support body 51, an auxiliary support mounting base 52, an auxiliary support extension rod 53, a telescopic avoidance system 54, and a hydraulic drive cylinder 55. The hydraulic drive cylinder 55 is a single-acting spring return structure, with a lower stroke avoidance position and an upper stroke support working position. The piston rod of the hydraulic drive cylinder 55 is connected to the telescopic avoidance system 54 and the auxiliary support body 51 respectively, and is used to drive the extension of the telescopic avoidance system 54 and the auxiliary support body 51. The auxiliary support extension rod 53 is disposed on the telescopic avoidance system 54, the auxiliary support mounting base 52 is disposed on the auxiliary support extension rod 53, and the auxiliary support body 51 is disposed on the auxiliary support mounting base 52.

[0045] The telescopic floating auxiliary support assembly 50 is mounted on the spindle segment 43 via a support mounting plate. The side of the support mounting plate that is in contact with the outer wall of the spindle segment 43 is machined with a long strip-shaped sealing groove. A sealing ring is embedded in the groove. After the mounting plate is locked, the sealing ring forms a sealing cavity around the oil supply hole 43c. After the hydraulic oil flows out from the oil supply hole 43c, it enters the rodless cavity of the hydraulic drive cylinder 55, driving the piston rod to extend.

[0046] Furthermore, the telescopic floating auxiliary support assembly 50 also includes a conformal support head, which adopts a detachable threaded connection structure and a conformal end face customized according to the curved shape of the inner wall of the workpiece to increase the contact area, reduce the contact specific pressure, and avoid the support damaging the inner wall of the workpiece.

[0047] In this invention, the installation and use steps of the tooling are as follows:

[0048] (1) Offline pre-assembly: The splicable mandrel is fixed vertically, and the corresponding number of mandrel segments are spliced ​​according to the length of the workpiece and the circumferential phase is adjusted; after installing the lower end face blocking plate, the workpiece is hoisted and fitted in. At this time, the auxiliary support is in the retracted position; the upper end blocking plate is installed and pre-tightened, and the lifting ring is screwed in to complete the pre-assembly.

[0049] In this step, the splicable mandrel segment 43 is placed vertically, and the lower end of the mandrel segment 43 is fixed. According to the length of the workpiece to be processed, the corresponding number of mandrel segments 43 are spliced, and the circumferential phase of the segments is adjusted and the connecting bolts are tightened. The tail end blocking plate 32 is connected to the tail end mating flange 42 of the splicable mandrel assembly 40. The stop of the tail end blocking plate 32 is pre-machined to match the stop of the lower end of the workpiece to ensure the fitting accuracy. The thin-walled workpiece to be processed is slowly put into the splicable mandrel assembly 40 from above using a hoisting device. During this process, the auxiliary support is in a retracted and avoidance state, which can smoothly pass through the interference area of ​​the inner wall. After the workpiece is put into place, the front end blocking plate 31 is installed and pre-tightened. Finally, the lifting eye screw is screwed in to complete the offline pre-assembly. After the front end blocking plate 31 is assembled with the zero point positioner 11, the stop size needs to be matched to ensure the coaxiality of the splicable mandrel assembly 40, the workpiece and the four-axis rotary table 10.

[0050] (2) Four-axis installation: The pre-assembled workpiece and tooling are hoisted onto the machine tool and docked with the four-axis rotary table and movable tailstock; after installation, the four jaws are pushed forward, the end of the workpiece is locked, and then the dial indicator is used to align it to complete the installation.

[0051] (3) Machining support: Hydraulic oil at a set pressure is introduced, and all auxiliary supports extend and press against the inner wall of the workpiece to provide uniform floating support;

[0052] (4) Disassembling the workpiece: After the processing is completed, the hydraulic pressure is released and the auxiliary support retracts automatically, so the workpiece can be disassembled.

[0053] According to another aspect of the present invention, a modular floating support machining fixture for thin-walled rotary structural components is provided. This modular floating support machining fixture for thin-walled rotary structural components is used to implement the installation and use method of the modular floating support machining fixture for thin-walled rotary structural components as described above. The modular floating support machining fixture for thin-walled rotary structural components includes a four-axis rotary table 10, a movable tailstock 20, an end face blocking plate assembly 30, a splicable mandrel assembly 40, and multiple sets of telescopic floating auxiliary support assemblies 50. The four-axis rotary table 10 has a zero-point locator 11 and is fixed to the machine tool worktable for clamping the front end of the fixture. The zero-point locator 11 is disposed on the working end face of the four-axis rotary table 10 to achieve rapid positioning and locking of the entire fixture, ensuring repeatability and clamping accuracy. The movable tailstock 20 is fixed to the machine tool worktable for clamping the tail end of the fixture and is coaxially arranged with the four-axis rotary table 10 to ensure the rigidity of rotary machining. The end face blocking plate assembly 30 includes a front end blocking plate 31 and... The tail-end blocking plate 32 and the splicable mandrel assembly 40 include a front-end docking flange 41, a tail-end docking flange 42, and at least two equal-length mandrel segments 43 connected end to end, serving as the bearing base of the tooling. The front-end blocking plate 31 is set on the front-end docking flange 41, and the tail-end blocking plate 32 is set on the tail-end docking flange 42. Multiple sets of telescopic floating auxiliary support components 50 are densely installed along the axial and circumferential directions on the outer wall of the splicable mandrel assembly 40 to provide floating support for the inner wall of the workpiece to compensate for the rigidity of the workpiece. The telescopic floating auxiliary support components 50 have a dual-stroke working position. When the workpiece is assembled, it is in a retracted and avoidance state. During processing, it is hydraulically driven to extend and press against the inner wall of the workpiece.

[0054] To gain a further understanding of the present invention, the following description is provided in conjunction with... Figures 1 to 7 The present invention provides a detailed description of the modular floating support processing tooling, installation, and usage method of the thin-walled rotating body structural component provided by the present invention, as well as the tooling itself.

[0055] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below.

[0056] This embodiment discloses a modular floating support machining fixture for a thin-walled rotating structural component, mainly composed of a four-axis rotary table, a movable tailstock, an end face blocking plate, a splicable mandrel, and multiple sets of floating auxiliary supports. The four-axis rotary table is horizontally mounted on the CNC machining center worktable. The movable tailstock is coaxially arranged with the four-axis rotary table to support the tail end of the fixture, ensuring the overall rigidity of the rotary machining. A zero-point positioner is installed on the rotating end face of the four-axis rotary table to achieve rapid positioning and locking of the entire fixture. The repeatability of the positioning accuracy can reach the micrometer level, meeting the requirements of high-precision machining.

[0057] (1) Specific structure of the splicable mandrel assembly

[0058] The connectable mandrel is the load-bearing base of the tooling, such as... Figure 2As shown, this embodiment is composed of three mandrel segments of equal length spliced ​​together. The length of a single segment is designed according to the specifications of a typical workpiece. The number of segments can be increased or decreased to adapt to workpieces with different axial lengths. The shortest segment can be used as a single segment, and the longest can be extended to more than five segments, making it widely adaptable.

[0059] Each mandrel segment is machined from high-strength alloy steel forgings and undergoes heat treatment to ensure structural strength and dimensional stability. The overall structure is a hollow cylinder with a 50mm diameter axial through-hole at the center. This through-hole serves two purposes: firstly, it removes central material, significantly reducing the overall weight of the mandrel and facilitating hoisting operations; secondly, it acts as an integrated channel, housing hydraulic lines and sensor cables. All lines are internally mounted to prevent entanglement and scraping during rotary machining, improving tooling safety and cleanliness.

[0060] like Figure 3a and Figure 3b As shown, multiple rows of support mounting positions are evenly arranged axially on the outer wall of each mandrel segment. Each row has multiple threaded mounting holes and oil supply holes evenly distributed circumferentially. The threaded mounting holes are used to fix the auxiliary support components, and the oil supply holes are connected to the oil passage inside the mandrel to provide hydraulic power to the auxiliary support. The oil supply holes where no auxiliary support is installed are sealed with standard internal hexagonal plugs to ensure the sealing of the hydraulic circuit.

[0061] The densely packed hole design allows the auxiliary support to be installed at any axial position on the mandrel. Depending on the structural characteristics of the part, the support can be denser on the middle wall where the rigidity is weakest, and the support can be reduced in the areas with better rigidity at both ends, so as to achieve precise rigidity compensation and control tooling costs while ensuring the support effect.

[0062] like Figure 4 As shown, each mandrel segment has mating flanges at both ends, with threaded holes evenly machined along the circumference of the flanges. Traditional spliced ​​mandrels often use symmetrical connections with 4 or 6 holes, allowing only coaxial alignment and no adjustment of the circumferential phase. This invention uses an 8-hole connection structure, allowing adjacent mandrel segments to be either aligned (0° phase) or offset by 45°, thus adjusting the circumferential distribution of holes on the outer wall of the entire mandrel. When the circumferential position of the reinforcing ribs on the inner wall of the workpiece conflicts with the standard hole positions, simply rotating the segment phase can avoid the ribs without re-machining the mandrel, significantly improving the tooling's adaptability to irregular inner wall structures.

[0063] The internal oil circuit runs along the axial direction of each mandrel section, and after splicing, it forms a complete oil supply network, which is uniformly connected to the external hydraulic station through the end face hydraulic interface.

[0064] (2) Specific structure of telescopic avoidance floating auxiliary support

[0065] like Figure 5As shown, each set of floating auxiliary supports consists of an auxiliary support body, an auxiliary support mounting base, an auxiliary support extension rod, and a telescopic avoidance system. The floating auxiliary support is mounted on the spindle via a mounting plate. The side of the mounting plate that contacts the outer wall of the spindle has a long, narrow sealing groove with a sealing ring embedded within it. After the mounting plate is locked, the sealing ring forms a sealing cavity around the oil supply hole. Hydraulic oil flows out from the oil supply hole and enters the rodless chamber of the hydraulic drive cylinder, driving the piston rod to extend.

[0066] Hydraulic drive cylinder: a single-acting spring-return hydraulic cylinder with two stable positions.

[0067] ① Lower stroke avoidance station: When the hydraulic circuit is depressurized, the built-in reset spring drives the piston rod to retract, and the auxiliary support is retracted as a whole. At this time, the maximum outer diameter of the support component is smaller than the minimum inner diameter of the interference position of the workpiece inner wall. When the workpiece is installed from the end, the support component can pass through the workpiece smoothly without scratching or interference, ensuring smooth installation of the workpiece.

[0068] ② Upper stroke working station: When pressurized oil is introduced into the hydraulic circuit, the oil pressure overcomes the spring force and pushes the piston rod outward, which drives the auxiliary support to push out and stick to the inner wall of the workpiece, providing a stable floating support force.

[0069] The total extension length of the support can be adjusted by replacing the extension rods to accommodate workpieces with different inner diameters. In this embodiment, the tooling can support a minimum workpiece diameter of 360mm. With multiple sets of extension rods of different lengths, it can cover parts with diameters ranging from 360mm to 800mm, meeting the processing needs of most small and medium-sized compartments.

[0070] In addition, a conformal support head can be added, which adopts a detachable threaded connection structure. The conformal end face is customized according to the curved shape of the inner wall of the workpiece to increase the contact area, reduce the contact pressure, and avoid the support from damaging the thin-walled inner wall. The support head can be made of copper or nylon to further protect the workpiece's machined surface.

[0071] (3) Installation and usage process of tooling

[0072] The installation and use of this fixture consists of two steps: offline pre-installation and four-axis installation, as detailed below:

[0073] ①Pre-installed offline

[0074] like Figure 6 As shown, the mandrel is first placed vertically, and its lower end is fixed using a three-jaw chuck or a special support. Based on the length of the workpiece to be processed, the corresponding number of mandrel segments are assembled, and the circumferential phase of the segments is adjusted before tightening the connecting bolts. The lower end face plate is then connected to the lower end of the mandrel. The stop of the stop plate is pre-machined to match the stop of the lower end of the workpiece to ensure fitting accuracy. In scenarios involving batch production of the same model without model changes, the lower end face plate does not need to be disassembled and can be retained long-term.

[0075] The thin-walled workpiece to be processed is then slowly inserted into the mandrel from above using a hoisting device. During this process, the auxiliary support is in a retracted and non-displaced state, allowing it to pass smoothly through the interference area of ​​the inner wall. After the workpiece is in place, the upper end face blocking plate is installed and pre-tightened. Finally, the lifting eye screws are tightened to complete the offline pre-assembly. After the blocking plate and zero-point positioner are assembled, the stop dimensions need to be matched to ensure the coaxiality of the mandrel, workpiece, and four-axis rotary table.

[0076] ② Four-axis installation

[0077] like Figure 7 As shown, the pre-assembled workpiece and fixture are horizontally hoisted to the machine tool working area by an overhead crane. The front end plate is docked with the zero-point positioner on the four-axis rotary table, and the rear end is docked with the center of the movable tailstock. After docking, the four-jaw chuck is pushed forward to lock the end of the workpiece. The runout of the outer circle of the workpiece is checked with a dial indicator and adjusted to the required accuracy to complete the entire installation process.

[0078] The tooling in this embodiment effectively solves problems such as poor machining rigidity, large clamping deformation, poor tooling versatility, and tooling interference in the machining of large-size thin-walled rotating parts through modular splicing and telescopic avoidance integrated design. It can be widely used in the precision machining of cabin and cylindrical parts in aerospace, weaponry and other fields.

[0079] In summary, this invention provides a modular floating support machining fixture for thin-walled rotating structural components, relating to the field of CNC machining equipment technology. The aim is to solve the problems of poor rigidity and easy deformation during machining of such parts due to their large size and thin walls, as seen in existing technologies. This fixture includes a four-axis rotary table (equipped with a zero-point positioner), a moving tailstock, an end-face blocking plate assembly, a splicable mandrel assembly, and multiple sets of telescopic avoidance floating auxiliary support assemblies. The mandrel adopts a multi-segment splicing structure, which can be adapted to workpieces of different axial lengths by adding or removing segments. The support points can be adjusted by adjusting the angle of the splicing between segments. The auxiliary support has a telescopic avoidance function; it automatically retracts to avoid interference from the inner wall during workpiece installation and extends hydraulically during machining to provide uniform floating support. This invention, through the integrated design of modular splicing and floating support, effectively improves machining rigidity, reduces vibration and deformation during machining, significantly improves part machining accuracy and efficiency, and the fixture is also versatile.

[0080] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0081] 1. Modular splicing design with strong versatility and adaptability. By increasing or decreasing the number of mandrel segments, it can adapt to workpieces of different lengths. The staggered splicing of segments can adapt to different internal feature distributions. A single tooling can cover multiple specifications of parts, greatly reducing tooling costs and adapting to flexible production needs.

[0082] 2. Telescopic clearance structure completely eliminates internal interference. The auxiliary support automatically retracts during clamping, ensuring interference-free workpiece fitting. No additional clearance structure is required, significantly improving clamping efficiency.

[0083] 3. Hydraulic floating support enables stress-free clamping. The support force is uniform and controllable, avoiding the additional clamping stress caused by rigid supports; multiple densely distributed supports combined with mandrel bearing load effectively offset the deformation caused by self-weight and cutting force, improving the rigidity of the machining process.

[0084] 4. Strong flexibility and expandability. The replaceable extension rod and support head are compatible with parts of different diameters and shapes. The oil circuit and pipeline are built-in, which is suitable for four-axis rotary machining and eliminates the risk of pipeline entanglement.

[0085] For ease of description, spatial relative terms such as "above," "on top of," "on the upper surface of," "above," etc., are used herein to describe the spatial positional relationship of a device or feature as shown in the figures to other devices or features. It should be understood that spatial relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation beyond the orientation of the device as described in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures were inverted, a device described as "above" or "on top of" other devices or structures would subsequently be positioned as "below" or "under" other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below." The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptions used herein will be interpreted accordingly.

[0086] Furthermore, it should be noted that the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to define components is merely for the purpose of distinguishing the corresponding components. Unless otherwise stated, the above terms have no special meaning and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this invention.

[0087] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for installing and using a modular floating support machining fixture for a thin-walled rotating structural component, characterized in that, The modular floating support machining fixture for the thin-walled rotary body structure includes a four-axis rotary table (10), a movable tailstock (20), an end face blocking plate assembly (30), a splicable mandrel assembly (40), and multiple sets of telescopic floating auxiliary support assemblies (50). The four-axis rotary table (10) has a zero-point locator (11). The four-axis rotary table (10) is fixed to the machine tool worktable and is used to clamp the front end of the fixture. The zero-point locator (11) is set on the working end face of the four-axis rotary table (10) to realize the rapid positioning and locking of the entire fixture and ensure the accuracy of repeated clamping. The movable tailstock (20) is fixed to the machine tool worktable and is used to clamp the tail end of the fixture. It is coaxially arranged with the four-axis rotary table (10) to ensure the rigidity of rotary machining. The end face blocking plate assembly (30) includes a front end blocking plate (31) and a... The tail-end blocking plate (32) and the splicable mandrel assembly (40) include a front-end docking flange (41), a tail-end docking flange (42) and at least two mandrel segments (43) of equal length connected end to end, which serve as the bearing base of the tooling. The front-end blocking plate (31) is set on the front-end docking flange (41) and the tail-end blocking plate (32) is set on the tail-end docking flange (42). The multiple sets of telescopic floating auxiliary support assemblies (50) are densely installed on the outer wall of the splicable mandrel assembly (40) along the axial and circumferential directions to provide floating support for the inner wall of the workpiece to compensate for the rigidity of the workpiece. The telescopic floating auxiliary support assembly (50) has a double-stroke working position. When the workpiece is installed in a retracted position, it extends and presses against the inner wall of the workpiece by hydraulic drive during processing. The modular floating support machining tooling installation and usage method for the thin-walled rotating body structural component includes: Step 1: Vertically fix the splicable mandrel segments (43), splice the corresponding number of mandrel segments (43) according to the length of the workpiece and adjust the circumferential phase; after installing the tail end plug (32), hoist and fit it into the workpiece. At this time, the telescopic floating auxiliary support assembly (50) is in the retracted position; install the front end plug (31) and pre-tighten it, screw in the lifting ring to complete the pre-installation; Step 2: Hoist the pre-assembled workpiece and tooling together onto the machine tool and dock them with the four-axis rotary table (10) and movable tailstock (20); after installation, push the four jaws forward, lock the end of the workpiece, and then use a dial indicator to align it to complete the installation. Step 3: Introduce hydraulic oil at a set pressure. The auxiliary supports of all telescopic floating auxiliary support components (50) extend and press against the inner wall of the workpiece to provide uniform floating support. Step 4: After processing is completed, the hydraulic pressure is released, and the auxiliary supports of all telescopic floating auxiliary support components (50) automatically retract, allowing the workpiece to be disassembled.

2. The method for installing and using the modular floating support machining fixture for the thin-walled rotating body structural component according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spindle segment (43) is a hollow cylindrical structure with an axially penetrating weight-reducing through hole in the center. The weight-reducing through hole also serves as a channel for laying sensor cables and hydraulic pipelines.

3. The method for installing and using the modular floating support machining fixture for the thin-walled rotating body structural component according to claim 2, characterized in that, Each mandrel segment (43) has 8 threaded holes (43a) evenly arranged circumferentially on the mating flange. Adjacent mandrel segments (43) can be 0° or 45° circumferentially misaligned to adjust the circumferential position of the support point.

4. The method for installing and using the modular floating support machining fixture for the thin-walled rotating body structural component according to claim 3, characterized in that, The outer wall of each core shaft segment (43) is provided with threaded mounting holes (43b) and oil supply holes (43c), the threaded mounting holes (43b) are used for fixing the telescopic floating auxiliary support assembly (50), the oil supply holes (43c) are communicated with the oil passage in the core shaft and provide hydraulic power for the telescopic floating auxiliary support assembly (50); the oil supply holes (43c) without the telescopic floating auxiliary support assembly (50) are sealed by oil plugs, and the telescopic floating auxiliary support assembly (50) can be installed and arranged at any point according to the structure of the workpiece.

5. The method for installing and using the modular floating support machining fixture for the thin-walled rotating body structural component according to claim 4, characterized in that, The telescopic floating auxiliary support assembly (50) comprises an auxiliary support body (51), an auxiliary support mounting seat (52), an auxiliary support extension rod (53), a telescopic position avoiding system (54) and a hydraulic drive cylinder (55); the hydraulic drive cylinder (55) is a single-acting spring return structure, has a lower stroke position avoiding station and an upper stroke supporting working station, the piston rod of the hydraulic drive cylinder (55) is connected with the telescopic position avoiding system (54) and the auxiliary support body (51) respectively, and is used for driving the telescopic position avoiding system (54) and the auxiliary support body (51) to extend, the auxiliary support extension rod (53) is arranged on the telescopic position avoiding system (54), the auxiliary support mounting seat (52) is arranged on the auxiliary support extension rod (53), and the auxiliary support body (51) is arranged on the auxiliary support mounting seat (52).

6. The method for installing and using the modular floating support machining fixture for the thin-walled rotating body structural component according to claim 5, characterized in that, The telescopic floating auxiliary support assembly (50) is installed on the core shaft segment (43) through a support mounting plate, one side of the support mounting plate is attached to the outer wall of the core shaft segment (43) and is processed with an elongated sealing groove, a sealing ring is embedded in the groove, after the mounting plate is locked, the sealing ring forms a sealed cavity around the oil supply hole (43c), after the hydraulic oil flows out from the oil supply hole (43c), the hydraulic oil enters the rodless cavity of the hydraulic drive cylinder (55) and drives the piston rod to extend.

7. The method for installing and using the modular floating support machining fixture for the thin-walled rotating body structural component according to claim 6, characterized in that, The telescopic floating auxiliary support assembly (50) further comprises a profiled support head, the profiled support head adopts a detachable threaded connection structure, a profiled end face is customized according to the curved surface shape of the inner wall of the workpiece, the contact area is increased, the contact specific pressure is reduced, and the inner wall of the workpiece is prevented from being pressed and injured.

8. The method for installing and using the modular floating support machining fixture for the thin-walled rotating body structural component according to claim 7, characterized in that, In the step one, the splicable mandrel segment (43) is placed vertically, the lower end of the mandrel segment (43) is fixed, according to the length of the workpiece to be processed, the corresponding number of mandrel segments (43) are spliced, and the circumferential phase of the segments is adjusted, and the connecting bolts are locked; the tail end plug disc (32) is connected with the tail end butt flange (42) of the splicable mandrel assembly (40), the tail end plug disc (32) is pre-processed with the lower end of the workpiece to ensure the fitting accuracy; the workpiece to be processed is slowly sleeved into the splicable mandrel assembly (40) from the upper side through hoisting equipment, the auxiliary support is in the retracted avoidance state during the process, the workpiece can smoothly pass through the interference area of the inner wall, after the workpiece is sleeved in place, the front end plug disc (31) is installed, pre-tightening is performed, and finally the lifting ring screw is screwed in, the offline pre-assembly is completed; after the front end plug disc (31) is assembled with the zero position locator (11), the size of the stop is matched, and the coaxiality of the splicable mandrel assembly (40), the workpiece and the four-axis rotary table (10) is ensured.

9. A modular floating support machining fixture for a thin-walled rotating body structural component, characterized in that, The modular floating support machining tool for the thin-walled rotary body structural member is used to realize the modular floating support machining tool installation and use method of the thin-walled rotary body structural member.

10. The modular floating support tooling for processing thin-walled revolution structures of claim 7, wherein, The modular floating support machining tool for the thin-walled rotary body structural member comprises a four-axis rotary table (10), a movable tailstock (20), an end face plug disc assembly (30), a splicable mandrel assembly (40) and a plurality of telescopic floating auxiliary support assemblies (50), the four-axis rotary table (10) has a zero position locator (11), the four-axis rotary table (10) is fixed on a machine tool worktable surface and is used for clamping a front end of the tool, the zero position locator (11) is arranged on a working end surface of the four-axis rotary table (10) and is used for realizing rapid positioning and locking of the tool as a whole and ensuring repeated clamping accuracy, the movable tailstock (20) is fixed on the machine tool worktable surface and is used for clamping a tail end of the tool, is coaxially arranged with the four-axis rotary table (10) and guarantees rotary machining rigidity, the end face plug disc assembly (30) comprises a front end plug disc (31) and a tail end plug disc (32), the splicable mandrel assembly (40) comprises a first end butt flange (41), a tail end butt flange (42) and at least two first-end- and-tail-end-connected mandrel segments (43) of equal length and is used as a bearing matrix of the tool, the front end plug disc (31) is arranged on the first end butt flange (41), and the tail end plug disc (32) is arranged on the tail end butt flange (42), and the plurality of telescopic floating auxiliary support assemblies (50) are arranged on an outer wall of the splicable mandrel assembly (40) in an axial and circumferential manner and are used for providing floating support to an inner wall of the workpiece to compensate for workpiece rigidity, wherein the telescopic floating auxiliary support assembly (50) has a double-stroke working station, is in a retracted avoidance state during workpiece sleeving and installation and is extended to tightly press the inner wall of the workpiece through hydraulic driving during machining.

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