A precise turning device and method for motor commutator

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of motor commutator precision turning equipment and method, comprising: rack;Put up frame and first limit rotating roller, the put up frame is set in rack opposite sides, and its frame body opposite sides are respectively rotatably provided with first limit rotating roller to put motor commutator;Protective cover and first linear driver, each put up frame top is respectively through first linear driver telescopically provided with protective cover, the side of the protective cover is horizontally provided with strip hole, and its opposite sides are also respectively provided with several guide shaft seats, and each guide shaft seat below is respectively provided with pressure sensor;Telescopic frame and second limit rotating roller, the telescopic frame top is vertically provided with several guide rods corresponding to each guide shaft seat, and its frame body two sides are respectively horizontally rotatably provided with second limit rotating roller;Elastic member, each guide rod is respectively provided with elastic member.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of motor commutator processing technology, specifically to a precision turning equipment and method for motor commutators. Background Technology

[0002] The coaxiality, roundness, and surface accuracy of the couplings at both ends of the motor commutator are key indicators for ensuring the assembly accuracy and operational stability of the motor. During the turning of the couplings, the feed of the turning tool generates radial cutting forces, and the smoothness of these cutting forces directly determines the machining quality.

[0003] During the turning process of a motor commutator, the turning tool generates radial cutting force during feed. If the cutting force fluctuates wildly, the workpiece will frequently squeeze and loosen from the limiting rollers, causing drastic fluctuations in clamping pressure. This results in uneven cutting depth, rough tool marks, and dimensional deviations. Significant pressure fluctuations indicate that the workpiece has experienced slight offset, slight movement, or minor eccentric rotation during turning, disrupting the workpiece's positioning reference. This directly leads to out-of-tolerance roundness and coaxiality issues on the commutator's outer diameter, resulting in failure of the turning contour accuracy and ultimately, a substandard machining quality. Therefore, inspection is necessary to promptly identify abnormal workpieces and reduce the scrap rate.

[0004] Therefore, the present invention urgently needs to solve the problem of providing a precision turning equipment and method for motor commutators with the core function of monitoring radial cutting force abnormalities by clamping pressure fluctuation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the purpose of this invention is to overcome the challenges posed by radial cutting forces generated during the turning of motor commutators. Fluctuating cutting forces cause frequent squeezing and loosening of the workpiece from the limiting rollers, resulting in drastic fluctuations in clamping pressure, uneven cutting depth, rough tool marks, and dimensional deviations. Significant pressure fluctuations indicate micro-deviation, micro-movement, or slight eccentric rotation of the workpiece during turning, disrupting the workpiece's positioning reference. This directly leads to out-of-tolerance roundness and coaxiality issues on the commutator's outer diameter, resulting in failure of the turned contour accuracy and ultimately, substandard machining quality. Therefore, inspection is necessary to promptly detect abnormal workpieces and reduce the scrap rate. This invention provides a precision turning device and method for motor commutators, with a core focus on monitoring radial cutting force abnormalities based on clamping pressure fluctuations.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a precision turning device for motor commutators, comprising: a frame; a placement frame and a first limiting rotating roller, wherein the placement frame is disposed on opposite sides of the frame, and each placement frame has a first limiting rotating roller rotatably disposed on opposite sides for placing motor commutators; a protective cover and a first linear actuator, wherein a protective cover is retractably disposed above each placement frame via the first linear actuator, the protective cover having a horizontally formed slot on one side, and a plurality of guide shaft seats are disposed on opposite sides, with a pressure sensor disposed below each guide shaft seat; and a telescopic frame for... The telescopic frame includes a second limiting rotating roller, with several guide rods vertically arranged above the telescopic frame corresponding to each guide shaft seat, and second limiting rotating rollers horizontally rotatably arranged on both sides of the frame; an elastic element, with an elastic element sleeved on each guide rod, one end of which abuts against a pressure sensor below the guide shaft seat, and the other end abutting against the telescopic frame; a turning mechanism, located on one side of the protective cover, capable of turning the opposite sides of the motor commutator along the length of the strip hole; and a rotary drive mechanism, located above the placement frame, for driving the motor commutator to rotate.

[0007] Preferably, each protective cover has guide grooves on its opposite sides that are inclined toward the middle. Each guide groove has a limit slider along its length. Each second limit rotating roller is rotatably mounted in the corresponding limit slider at its opposite ends. Each telescopic frame is also provided with a strip frame that matches the opposite ends of the second limit rotating roller. The portions of each second limit rotating roller that extend out of the limit slider at its opposite ends are respectively locked in the strip frame.

[0008] Preferably, the elastic element includes a spring and a pressure equalizing seat, with a spring sleeved on each guide rod and pressure equalizing seats coaxially arranged at opposite ends of the spring.

[0009] Preferably, each protective cover is also connected to a vacuum cleaner on one side.

[0010] Preferably, each limiting slider is also provided with a telescopic cover adapted to the guide groove on both sides.

[0011] Preferably, the rotation driving mechanism comprises: a lifting frame and a second linear driver, wherein the lifting frame is arranged above the placement rack in a liftable manner through the second linear driver; a first rotating frame and guide wheels, wherein the first rotating frame is respectively rotatably arranged on opposite two sides of the lifting frame, and each first rotating frame is respectively rotatably provided with one guide wheel; a first rotation driving motor, wherein the first rotation driving motor is arranged on any one of the first rotating frames for driving the corresponding guide wheel to rotate; a driving belt, wherein opposite two ends of the driving belt are respectively sleeved on the corresponding guide wheels; and tension springs, wherein the tension springs are respectively arranged on opposite two sides of the lifting frame, one end of each tension spring is sleeved on the lifting frame, and the other end is sleeved on the first rotating frame.

[0012] Preferably, anti-slip patterns are respectively arranged on opposite two sides of the driving belt.

[0013] and a precision turning method for a motor commutator, comprising the following steps: S1, workpiece feeding: placing the motor commutator on a first limit rotating roller to complete bottom supporting and initial left-right transverse limiting, a controller sets a preset pressure reference value as A, a first preset pressure fluctuation range is A-X1 to A, a second preset pressure fluctuation range is A±X2, and X1<X2; S2, starting the first linear driver to drive the protective cover to move downward; S3, a second limit rotating roller contacting the workpiece, a limit slider sliding outward along a guide oblique slot, the second limit rotating roller adaptively centering and clamping to position the bar-shaped frame limit roller body, a telescopic frame compressing a spring, and a pressure equalizing seat applying pressure to a pressure sensor; S4, judging whether the clamping pressure reaches the preset reference value A, if not, returning to S2, and if yes, proceeding to S5; S5, stopping elongation of the first linear driver and locking the workpiece clamping state; S6, starting the second linear driver to drive the lifting frame to descend, the tension spring pulling the first rotating frame to swing, and the driving belt with anti-slip patterns surrounds and fits the outer ring of the commutator; S7, synchronously turning on a vacuum cleaner, starting the first rotation driving motor, and enabling the motor commutator to rotate uniformly toward the vacuum cleaner; S8, a turning mechanism performing linear feeding through a strip-shaped hole of the protective cover to perform precision turning on the outer peripheral side walls at both ends of the commutator, and the pressure sensor dynamically collecting clamping pressure B in real time; S9, judging whether A-X1<B<A+X2 is true, if yes, the turning mechanism operates normally until the outer diameter of the workpiece is qualified, and if not, proceeding to S10; S10, determining whether A-X2 < B < A-X1 holds true; if the condition holds, immediately controlling the first linear driver to perform micro expansion and contraction adjustment, changing the compression amount of the elastic member, so that the clamping pressure returns to the preset pressure reference value A again; if the condition does not hold, the system determines that the turning working condition is abnormal and the processing quality is unqualified.

[0014] According to the above technical solution, compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: in the present application, the motor commutator to be processed is placed on the first limiting rotating rollers of the placement racks on both sides of the frame, and the bottom support and lateral limiting are realized by the first limiting rotating rollers on both sides, so as to provide basic placement support for the workpiece; the first linear driver drives the protective cover to telescopically move downward, and the guide shaft seat on the protective cover forms vertical sliding fit with the guide rod of the telescopic frame to realize precise guiding, ensuring that the protective cover moves vertically downward without偏移 and skewing; the protective cover keeps pressing down, and squeezes the elastic member through the guide shaft seat, the elastic member is compressed under force and transmits pressure, pushing the telescopic frame to move downward, so that the second limiting rotating roller is pressed against the upper part of the motor commutator, the upper and lower first limiting rotating rollers and the second limiting rotating roller form an encircling limiting clamping, meanwhile, the jacking force of the elastic member acts on the pressure sensor to detect the clamping pressure in real time; a preset value and an upper and lower fluctuation range are set for the pressure sensor by the controller, when the pressure reaches the preset value, it represents that the clamping of the motor commutator has been realized, the first linear driver stops extending, then the rotary driving mechanism is started to drive the clamped and positioned motor commutator to rotate uniformly around its own axis, the turning mechanism passes through the strip-shaped hole on the side of the protective cover, performs linear feed movement along the length direction of the strip-shaped hole, and cooperates with the autorotation of the motor commutator to perform continuous and uniform precision turning operation on the outer peripheral side walls at both ends of the commutator; during turning, the pressure sensor continuously collects the clamping pressure in real time, if the pressure fluctuation amplitude seriously exceeds the preset allowable fluctuation range, the system determines that the current turning working condition is abnormal, the turning processing quality is unqualified, and meanwhile the rotary driving mechanism stops driving the motor commutator to rotate; the turning working condition is indirectly fed back by the clamping pressure fluctuation, without additionally adding detection probes, the turning effect quality can be judged in real time, abnormal workpieces can be found in time, and the rejection rate is reduced.

[0015] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail in the following specific embodiments; and parts not involved in the present invention are the same as the prior art or can be implemented by adopting the prior art. Description of Drawings

[0016] The drawings are used to provide further understanding of the present invention, and constitute a part of the specification, which are used to explain the present invention together with the following specific embodiments, but do not constitute a limitation to the present invention. In the drawings: Figure 1 is a perspective view of the precision turning apparatus for a motor commutator provided in a preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a partial three-dimensional representation of a precision turning equipment for a motor commutator provided in a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 3 This is a partial three-dimensional representation of a precision turning equipment for a motor commutator provided in a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 4 This is a partial planar sectional view of a precision turning equipment for a motor commutator provided in a preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a partial plane of a precision turning device for a motor commutator provided in a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 6 This is a partial plane of a precision turning device for a motor commutator provided in a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 7 This is a partial three-dimensional representation of a precision turning equipment for a motor commutator provided in a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 ; Figure 8 This is a flowchart of a precision turning method for a motor commutator provided in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Frame; 2. Placement rack; 21. First limiting rotating roller; 3. Motor commutator; 4. Protective cover; 41. Strip hole; 42. Guide shaft seat; 43. Telescopic frame; 431. Guide rod; 432. Strip frame; 44. Second limiting rotating roller; 45. Elastic element; 451. Spring; 452. Pressure equalizing seat; 46. Guide groove; 47. Limiting slider; 48. Telescopic cover; 5. First linear actuator; 6. Turning mechanism; 7. Rotary drive mechanism; 71. Lifting frame; 72. Second linear actuator; 73. First rotating frame; 74. Guide wheel; 75. First rotary drive motor; 76. Drive belt; 77. Tension spring; 8. Vacuum cleaner. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0019] In the description of the embodiments of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," indicating orientation or positional relationships, are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationships commonly used when the product is in use. These are merely for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third," etc., are only used for distinguishing descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Additionally, the terms "horizontal," "vertical," and "suspended," etc., do not indicate that the component is required to be absolutely horizontal or suspended, but can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" simply means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical," and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.

[0020] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0021] To further understand the features, technical means, and specific objectives and functions achieved by the present invention, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0022] Reference Figures 1-5A precision turning machine for a motor commutator includes: a frame 1; a placement frame 2 and a first limiting rotating roller 21, wherein the placement frame 2 is disposed on opposite sides of the frame 1, and each placement frame 2 has a first limiting rotating roller 21 rotatably disposed on opposite sides for placing a motor commutator 3; a protective cover 4 and a first linear actuator 5, wherein each placement frame 2 has a protective cover 4 retractably disposed above it via the first linear actuator 5, and each protective cover 4 has a horizontally formed slotted hole 41 on one side, and several guide shaft seats 42 are disposed on opposite sides, with a pressure sensor disposed below each guide shaft seat 42; a telescopic frame 43 and a second limiting rotating roller 44. A number of guide rods 431, corresponding one-to-one with each guide shaft seat 42, are vertically arranged above the telescopic frame 43, and second limiting rotating rollers 44 are horizontally rotatably arranged on both sides of the frame; elastic element 45, each guide rod 431 is fitted with an elastic element 45, one end of the elastic element 45 abuts against the pressure sensor below the guide shaft seat 42, and the other end abuts against the telescopic frame 43; turning mechanism 6, the turning mechanism 6 is arranged on one side of the protective cover 4, and can turn the opposite sides of the motor commutator 3 along the length direction of the strip hole 41; rotary drive mechanism 7, the rotary drive mechanism 7 is arranged above the placement frame 2, for driving the motor commutator 3 to rotate.

[0023] In this application, the motor commutator 3 to be processed is placed on the first limiting rotating rollers 21 of the two side mounting frames 2 of the frame 1. The first limiting rotating rollers 21 on both sides provide bottom support and lateral limitation, providing a basic support for the workpiece. The first linear actuator 5 drives the protective cover 4 to move downwards and retracts. The guide shaft seat 42 on the protective cover 4 and the guide rod 431 of the telescopic frame 43 form a vertical sliding engagement to achieve precise guidance and ensure that the protective cover 4 moves vertically downwards without deviation or tilting. The protective cover 4 continues to press down, squeezing the elastic element 45 through the guide shaft seat 42. The elastic element 45 is compressed and transmits pressure, pushing the telescopic frame 43 downwards, so that the second limiting rotating roller 44 presses against the upper part of the motor commutator 3. The upper and lower first limiting rotating rollers 21 and the second limiting rotating roller 44 form a ring-shaped limiting clamp. At the same time, the clamping force of the elastic element 45 acts on the pressure sensor to detect the clamping pressure in real time. We set a preset value for the pressure sensor through the controller. A pressure sensor continuously monitors the clamping pressure during the turning process. When the pressure reaches this preset value, it indicates that the motor commutator 3 has been clamped. The first linear actuator 5 stops extending, and then the rotary drive mechanism 7 is activated to drive the clamped and positioned motor commutator 3 to rotate at a constant speed around its own axis. The turning mechanism 6 passes through the strip hole 41 on the side of the protective cover 4 and makes a linear feed motion along the length of the strip hole 41. In conjunction with the rotation of the motor commutator 3, it performs continuous and uniform precision turning operations on the outer peripheral sidewalls at both ends of the commutator. During the turning process, the pressure sensor continuously collects the clamping pressure in real time. If the pressure fluctuation amplitude seriously exceeds the preset allowable fluctuation range, the system determines that the turning condition is abnormal and the turning quality is unqualified. At the same time, the rotary drive mechanism 7 stops driving the motor commutator 3 to rotate. By using the clamping pressure fluctuation to indirectly feed back the turning condition, the quality of the turning effect can be determined in real time without the need for additional detection probes, abnormal workpieces can be detected in time, and the scrap rate can be reduced. When a turning tool feeds, it generates radial cutting force. Under normal operating conditions, the cutting force is stable, the workpiece's pressure on the upper and lower limit rollers is stable, and the pressure sensor fluctuation is minimal. If the cutting force fluctuates, the workpiece will frequently squeeze and loosen from the limit rollers, causing drastic fluctuations in clamping pressure. This results in uneven cutting depth, rough tool marks, and dimensional deviations. Significant pressure fluctuations indicate that the workpiece has experienced slight offset, slight movement, or slight eccentric rotation during turning. The workpiece's positioning reference has been destroyed, directly leading to out-of-tolerance roundness and coaxiality of the commutator's outer circle, failure of the turning contour accuracy, and ultimately, unqualified turning quality.

[0024] Reference Figures 3-5Each protective cover 4 has guide grooves 46 that are inclined towards the middle on both sides. Each guide groove 46 has a limit slider 47 arranged along its length. Each second limit rotating roller 44 is rotatably arranged in the corresponding limit slider 47 at both ends. Each telescopic frame 43 is also provided with a strip frame 432 that is adapted to the opposite ends of the second limit rotating roller 44. The parts of each second limit rotating roller 44 that extend out of the limit slider 47 are respectively locked in the strip frame 432.

[0025] When the first linear actuator 5 drives the protective cover 4 to press downwards, as the protective cover 4 gradually descends, the limiting slider 47 slides obliquely outwards along the inclined guide groove 46. Utilizing the inclined guiding effect of the guide groove 46, the second limiting rotating rollers 44 on both sides synchronously separate outwards, automatically adapting to the outer diameter of the motor commutator 3 to achieve automatic centering and clamping positioning. As the outer diameter of the motor commutator 3 continuously decreases during the turning process, the clamping pressure value detected by the pressure sensor also decreases synchronously. The equipment controller pre-sets a reasonable clamping pressure. Within a preset range, pressure signals from pressure sensors are collected in real time throughout the turning process. When the actual pressure value deviates from or exceeds the preset allowable range, the controller immediately provides feedback to control the first linear driver 5 to make a slight extension and retraction adjustment, finely adjusting the downward stroke of the protective cover 4, thereby changing the compression of the elastic element 45 and the tightness of the fit between it and the second limit rotating roller 44, so that the clamping pressure returns to and is stably maintained within the preset value range, forming a closed-loop adaptive adjustment. The bar frame 432 provides a locking constraint on the end of the second limit rotating roller 44, limiting the axial movement and offset of the second limit rotating roller 44 during operation.

[0026] Reference Figure 5 The elastic element 45 includes a spring 451 and a pressure equalizing seat 452. Each guide rod 431 is fitted with a spring 451, and the pressure equalizing seat 452 is coaxially arranged at opposite ends of the spring 451.

[0027] The equalizing base 452 of this application buffers and equalizes the impact force of the spring 451, avoiding hard contact at the end of the spring 451 that causes localized concentrated force and uneven pressure on the pressure sensor, reducing detection errors, making the pressure feedback more realistic and reliable, and facilitating closed-loop pressure control.

[0028] Reference Figure 4 and Figure 5 Each protective cover 4 is also connected to a vacuum cleaner 8 on one side.

[0029] This application promptly removes iron filings and dust generated during turning, effectively preventing the diffusion of metal dust and cutting mist outward, reducing air pollution, improving the working environment for operators, and lowering occupational health hazards.

[0030] Reference Figure 4 and Figure 5 Each limiting slider 47 is also provided with a telescopic cover 48 on each side, which is adapted to the guide groove 46.

[0031] The telescopic cover 48 of this application extends and retracts synchronously with the sliding block, and the guide groove 46 is completely sealed, effectively preventing turning iron chips and fine dust from entering the guide groove 46 or spreading outward through the guide groove 46.

[0032] Reference Figure 6 and Figure 7 The rotary drive mechanism 7 includes: a lifting frame 71 and a second linear actuator 72, wherein the lifting frame 71 is rotatably mounted above the placement frame 2 via the second linear actuator 72; a first rotating frame 73 and guide wheels 74, wherein the lifting frame 71 is rotatably mounted on opposite sides of the first rotating frame 73, and each first rotating frame 73 is rotatably mounted on a guide wheel 74; a first rotary drive motor 75, wherein the first rotary drive motor 75 is mounted on any of the first rotating frames 73 to drive the corresponding guide wheel 74 to rotate; a drive belt 76, wherein the drive belt 76 is respectively sleeved on the corresponding guide wheel 74 at opposite ends; and a tension spring 77, wherein the lifting frame 71 is respectively mounted on opposite sides of the lifting frame 71, wherein one end of the tension spring 77 is sleeved on the lifting frame 71 and the other end is sleeved on the first rotating frame 73.

[0033] The second linear actuator 72 of this application drives the lifting frame 71 to descend. The lifting frame 71 has two hinged, swingable first rotating frames 73 on both sides. A tension spring 77 is installed between the lifting frame 71 and the first rotating frames 73. The tension spring 77 always applies an outward expanding tension to the first rotating frames 73, causing the two first rotating frames 73 to swing slightly outward around the hinge point. This drives the guide wheel 74 and the drive belt 76 sleeved on the guide wheel 74 to adaptively hug and fit against the outer circular surface of the motor commutator 3. The first rotary drive motor 75 is installed on one of the first rotating frames 73. The output end of the motor drives the corresponding guide wheel 74 to rotate. The guide wheel 74 achieves synchronous transmission through the drive belt 76. Relying on the static friction between the drive belt 76 and the outer wall of the motor commutator 3, the motor commutator 3, which is limited and clamped, is driven to rotate smoothly and uniformly around its own axis, and cooperates with the turning mechanism 6 to complete the precision turning operation of the outer periphery.

[0034] The drive belt 76 has anti-slip patterns on both sides.

[0035] When the first rotary drive motor 75 drives the guide wheel 74 and drive belt 76 to rotate, the anti-slip texture greatly increases the friction coefficient and engagement degree between the belt and the outer wall of the workpiece. The engagement friction force of the anti-slip texture drives the motor commutator 3 to rotate synchronously and uniformly, thereby realizing friction transmission. In addition, multiple gaps are also provided on the periphery of the motor commutator 3 to ensure its pressing friction force.

[0036] Description Figure 8 : A precision turning method for a motor commutator, comprising the following steps: S1, workpiece feeding: placing the motor commutator 3 on a first limiting rotating roller 21 to complete bottom supporting and initial left-right transverse limiting, wherein a controller sets a preset pressure reference value as A, a first preset pressure fluctuation range interval is A-X1 to A, a second preset pressure fluctuation range interval is A±X2, and X1<X2; S2, starting a first linear driver 5 to drive a protective cover 4 to move downward; S3, a second limiting rotating roller 44 contacting the workpiece, a limiting sliding block 47 sliding outward along a guiding chute 46, the second limiting rotating roller 44 adaptively centering and clasping a positioning bar frame 432, a limiting roller body and a telescopic frame 43 compressing a spring 451, and a pressure equalizing seat 452 applying pressure to a pressure sensor; S4, determining whether the clamping pressure reaches the preset reference value A, returning to S2 if not, and proceeding to S5 if yes; S5, stopping the extension of the first linear driver 5 and locking the workpiece clamping state; S6, starting a second linear driver 72 to drive a lifting frame 71 to move downward, a tension spring 77 pulling a first rotating frame 73 to swing and rotate, and a driving belt 76 with anti-slip lines surrounding and fitting the outer ring of the commutator; S7, simultaneously turning on a vacuum cleaner 8 and starting a first rotary driving motor 75, so that the motor commutator 3 rotates uniformly toward the vacuum cleaner 8; S8, a turning mechanism 6 linearly feeding through a strip-shaped hole 41 of the protective cover 4 to perform precision turning on the outer peripheral side walls at both ends of the commutator, wherein the pressure sensor dynamically collects clamping pressure B in real time; S9, determining whether A-X1<B<A+X2 holds, if yes, the turning mechanism 6 operates normally until the outer diameter of the workpiece is qualified, and if not, proceeding to S10; S10, determining whether A-X2<B<A-X1 holds, if yes, immediately controlling the first linear driver 5 to perform micro expansion-contraction adjustment to change the compression amount of an elastic piece 45, so that the clamping pressure returns to the preset pressure reference value A again; if not, the system determines that the turning working condition is abnormal and the processing quality is unqualified.

[0037] The specific working process is as follows: 1. placing the motor commutator 3 to be processed on the first limiting rotating rollers 21 of the placement frames 2 on both sides of a frame 1, wherein the first limiting rotating rollers 21 complete the workpiece bottom supporting and left-right transverse limiting, complete the initial placement support positioning of the workpiece, and the controller sets the preset pressure reference value as A, the first preset pressure fluctuation range interval is A-X1 to A, the second preset pressure fluctuation range interval is A±X2, and X1<X2.

[0038] 2. Start the first linear actuator 5 to drive the protective cover 4 to move downwards and extend. When the second limit rotating roller 44 contacts the motor commutator 3, each limit slider 47 slides outwards along the inclined guide groove 46. Using the inclined guiding effect of the guide groove 46, the second limit rotating rollers 44 on the left and right sides are driven to separate outwards synchronously, automatically adapting to the outer diameter of the motor commutator 3 to achieve automatic centering and clamping positioning. At the same time, the strip frame 432 clamps and constrains the two ends of the second limit rotating roller 44. The telescopic frame 43 compresses the spring 451 upwards along the axis of the guide shaft seat 42 and applies pressure to the pressure sensor through the pressure equalizing seat 452. The pressure sensor collects the clamping pressure in real time. When the detected pressure reaches the preset reference value A, it is determined that the workpiece is reliably clamped. The controller controls the first linear actuator 5 to stop extending immediately and maintain the current clamping state.

[0039] 3. Start the second linear drive 72 of the rotary drive mechanism 7 to drive the lifting frame 71 to move downward as a whole. The lifting frame 71 is hinged to the first rotating frame 73 on both sides. The lifting frame 71 and the first rotating frame 73 are equipped with a tension spring 77. The tension spring 77 pulls the first rotating frame 73 to swing slightly, so that the guide wheel 74 and the drive belt 76 sleeved on the guide wheel 74 adaptively hug and fit against the outer surface of the motor commutator 3. The drive belt 76 has anti-slip texture on both sides, which greatly increases the friction coefficient between the belt and the outer wall of the workpiece. Combined with the clearance structure of the motor commutator 3, it ensures the friction force of the fit, laying the foundation for smooth transmission.

[0040] 4. The vacuum cleaner 8 connected to one side of the protective cover 4 is turned on simultaneously, forming a negative pressure in the enclosed processing area of ​​the protective cover 4. It adsorbs metal chips, fine dust and cutting fluid mist generated by subsequent turning in real time, preventing pollutants from spreading outward. The first rotary drive motor 75 is started, driving the corresponding guide wheel 74 to rotate. It is synchronously transmitted through the drive belt 76. Relying on the static friction between the anti-slip texture of the belt and the outer wall of the workpiece, it drives the clamped and positioned motor commutator 3 to rotate smoothly and uniformly around its own axis. The rotary drive mechanism 7 drives the motor commutator 3 to rotate in the direction of the vacuum cleaner 8 to ensure the cleaning efficiency of the vacuum cleaner 8 and prevent metal chips from splashing out from the strip hole 41.

[0041] 6. The turning mechanism 6 passes through the strip hole 41 on the side of the protective cover 4 and makes a linear feed motion along the length of the strip hole 41. In conjunction with the uniform rotation of the motor commutator 3, it performs continuous and uniform precision turning on the outer peripheral sidewalls at both ends of the commutator.

[0042] 7. During the turning process, the outer diameter of the workpiece continuously decreases as the cutting progresses. The second limiting rotating roller 44 continues to adaptively move inward slightly along with the guide groove 46 and the limiting slider 47. The clamping pressure detected by the pressure sensor decreases synchronously. The controller collects the pressure signal in real time. Once the actual pressure deviates from and exceeds the first pressure preset fluctuation range A-X1, it immediately controls the first linear driver 5 to make a slight extension and retraction adjustment, changing the compression of the elastic element 45, so that the clamping pressure returns to the pressure preset reference value A, forming a closed-loop adaptive pressure regulation.

[0043] 8. The pressure sensor continuously collects the clamping pressure value throughout the turning process. Under normal working conditions, the cutting force is stable, the workpiece has no slight deviation or movement, the clamping pressure fluctuation is minimal, and the equipment continues to turn normally. If problems such as uneven cutting depth, tool wear, or workpiece eccentricity occur, the cutting force will fluctuate, the workpiece will experience slight deviation, movement, or eccentric rotation, and the clamping pressure fluctuation will exceed the second pressure preset fluctuation range A±X2. At the same time, the system will immediately determine that the turning condition is abnormal and the machining quality is unqualified. Simultaneously, the rotary drive mechanism 7 will stop driving, the workpiece will stop rotating, and the equipment will enter the standby protection state to prevent defective products from being processed.

[0044] 9. After the normal turning process is completed, the vacuum cleaner 8 works continuously for a short time to clean the residual iron filings and dust, and then stops. The first rotary drive motor 75 stops rotating, the second linear drive 72 drives the lifting frame 71 to rise as a whole, the drive belt 76 is separated from the workpiece surface, the tension spring 77 drives the first rotating frame 73 to reset and open, the first linear drive 5 drives the protective cover 4 to move upward and reset as a whole, the elastic element 45 rebounds and releases the clamping force, the second limit rotating roller 44 is raised, the encircling limit on the motor commutator 3 is released, the machined motor commutator 3 is removed, the equipment is reset to the initial state, waiting for the next workpiece to be loaded, and a new round of processing cycle begins.

[0045] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments. Within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present invention, and these simple modifications all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0046] It should also be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present invention will not describe the various possible combinations separately.

[0047] Furthermore, various different embodiments of the present invention can be combined in any way, as long as they do not violate the spirit of the present invention, they should also be regarded as the content disclosed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A precision turning machine for motor commutators, characterized in that, include: Rack (1); The placement rack (2) and the first limiting rotating roller (21) are arranged on opposite sides of the frame (1), and each placement rack (2) is rotatably provided on opposite sides for placing the motor commutator (3). The protective cover (4) and the first linear actuator (5) are provided above each of the placement racks (2) and are retractably provided with a protective cover (4) through the first linear actuator (5). A strip hole (41) is horizontally opened on one side of the protective cover (4), and several guide shaft seats (42) are provided on its opposite sides. A pressure sensor is provided below each guide shaft seat (42). The telescopic frame (43) and the second limiting rotating roller (44) are provided. Several guide rods (431) corresponding to each guide shaft seat (42) are vertically arranged above the telescopic frame (43), and the second limiting rotating roller (44) is horizontally rotatably arranged on both sides of the frame. Elastic element (45), each guide rod (431) is fitted with an elastic element (45), one end of the elastic element (45) abuts against the pressure sensor below the guide shaft seat (42), and the other end abuts against the telescopic frame (43); Turning mechanism (6), the turning mechanism (6) is located on one side of the protective cover (4) and can turn the motor commutator (3) on opposite sides along the length direction of the strip hole (41); A rotary drive mechanism (7) is disposed above the placement frame (2) for driving the motor commutator (3) to rotate.

2. The precision turning equipment for motor commutators according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each protective cover (4) is provided with guide grooves (46) on both sides and inclined towards the middle. Each guide groove (46) is provided with a limit slider (47) along its length. Each second limit rotating roller (44) is rotatably provided in the corresponding limit slider (47) at both ends. Each telescopic frame (43) is also provided with a strip frame (432) that is adapted to the opposite ends of the second limit rotating roller (44). The parts of each second limit rotating roller (44) that extend out of the limit slider (47) at both ends are respectively locked in the strip frame (432).

3. The precision turning equipment for motor commutators according to claim 1, characterized in that, The elastic element (45) includes a spring (451) and a pressure equalizing seat (452). Each guide rod (431) is fitted with a spring (451), and the pressure equalizing seat (452) is coaxially arranged at opposite ends of the spring (451).

4. The precision turning equipment for motor commutators according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each protective cover (4) is also connected to a vacuum cleaner (8) on one side.

5. The precision turning equipment for motor commutators according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each limiting slider (47) is also provided with a telescopic cover (48) on each side that is adapted to the guide groove (46).

6. The precision turning equipment for motor commutators according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotary drive mechanism (7) includes: The lifting frame (71) and the second linear actuator (72) are provided above the placement frame (2) and can be raised and lowered by the second linear actuator (72). A first rotating frame (73) and guide wheels (74), wherein the first rotating frames (73) are respectively rotatably arranged on two opposite sides of the lifting frame (71), and each first rotating frame (73) is respectively rotatably provided with a guide wheel (74); A first rotary drive motor (75), wherein the first rotary drive motor (75) is arranged on any one of the first rotating frames (73) for driving the corresponding guide wheel (74) to rotate; A drive belt (76), wherein opposite ends of the drive belt (76) are respectively sleeved on the corresponding guide wheels (74); A tension spring (77), wherein tension springs (77) are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the lifting frame (71), one end of the tension spring (77) is sleeved on the lifting frame (71), and the other end is sleeved on the first rotating frame (73).

7. The precision turning equipment for motor commutators according to claim 6, characterized in that, Anti-slip textures are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the drive belt (76).

8. A method for precision turning a motor commutator, characterized in that, comprising the following steps: S1, Workpiece feeding: placing the motor commutator (3) on the first limit rotating roller (21) to complete bottom support and initial left-right transverse limit; a controller sets a preset pressure reference value as A, a first preset pressure fluctuation range is A-X1 to A, and a second preset pressure fluctuation range is A±X2, wherein X1<X2; S2, starting a first linear driver (5) to drive the protective cover (4) to move downward; S3, the second limit rotating roller (44) contacts the workpiece, the limit slide block (47) slides outward along the guide chute (46), the second limit rotating roller (44) adaptively centers and engages the positioning bar frame (432) to limit the roller body, the telescopic frame (43) compresses the spring (451), and the pressure equalizing seat (452) applies pressure to the pressure sensor; S4, judging whether the clamping pressure reaches the preset reference value A, returning to S2 if not, and proceeding to S5 if yes; S5, the first linear driver (5) stops extending and locks the workpiece clamping state; S6, starting a second linear driver (72) to drive the lifting frame (71) to move downward, the tension spring (77) pulls the first rotating frame (73) to swing, and the drive belt (76) with anti-slip textures surrounds and fits the outer ring of the commutator; S7, synchronously turning on the vacuum cleaner (8), starting the first rotary drive motor (75), so that the motor commutator (3) rotates uniformly towards the direction of the vacuum cleaner (8); S8, the turning mechanism (6) linearly feeds through the strip-shaped hole (41) of the protective cover (4) to perform precision turning on the outer peripheral side walls at both ends of the commutator, and the pressure sensor dynamically collects the clamping pressure B in real time; S9, judging whether A-X1<B<A+X2 is true, if yes, the turning mechanism (6) operates normally until the outer diameter of the workpiece is qualified, and if not, proceeding to S10; S10, judging whether A-X2<B<A-X1 is true, if yes, immediately controlling the first linear driver (5) to perform micro expansion-contraction adjustment to change the compression amount of the elastic member (45), so that the clamping pressure returns to the preset pressure reference value A again; if not, the system determines that the turning working condition is abnormal and the processing quality is unqualified.

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