High-precision and high-efficiency automatic grinding and polishing equipment for shaft parts

Abstract

The application belongs to the field of grinding equipment, and particularly relates to a high-precision and high-efficiency full-automatic grinding and polishing equipment for shaft parts, which solves the problems in the background art and provides a high-precision and high-efficiency full-automatic grinding and polishing equipment for shaft parts, which comprises a machine tool, corresponding two sides of the upper end of the machine tool are respectively provided with rotatable clamp assemblies and center assemblies arranged correspondingly, grinding assemblies capable of moving horizontally are arranged between the clamp assemblies and the center assemblies, and a driving device capable of controlling horizontal movement of the grinding assemblies is arranged on one side of the machine tool, the grinding assembly is provided with two groups of staggered abrasive wheel polishing assemblies for synchronous rough grinding of workpieces, bilateral abrasive wheels share all cutting loads, and the lifting and horizontally reciprocating fine grinding assembly is integrated above the rough grinding unit during use, and the rough grinding and fine polishing processes can be continuously completed at the same station.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of grinding equipment, specifically relating to a high-precision and high-efficiency fully automatic grinding and polishing equipment for shaft parts. Background Technology

[0002] Shaft components are core basic parts in industries such as machinery, hydraulics, and motors. The grinding and polishing of the outer cylindrical surface directly determines the dimensional accuracy, roundness, and surface finish of the parts. Currently, the industry mainly uses two types of equipment, independent grinding machines and polishing machines, to complete the outer cylindrical finishing of shaft workpieces in separate processes. Traditional grinding equipment is only equipped with a single set of grinding wheels, with one side of the grinding wheel pressing against the outer cylindrical surface of the workpiece to remove the excess material. The polishing mechanism is independent of the grinding machine, and there is no integrated matching installation structure between the two. The rough grinding and fine polishing processes need to be completed on two separate machines. After rough grinding, the workpiece needs to be disassembled, transported, and clamped and positioned again, which introduces repeated positioning errors, increases process flow time, and results in low processing efficiency. Furthermore, traditional equipment only adopts a single grinding wheel and single-sided cutting structure, without setting up a staggered double grinding wheel synchronous rough grinding mechanism. The cutting load is all concentrated on a single grinding wheel, resulting in a fast grinding wheel wear rate. Single-sided cutting generates a unidirectional radial force, which makes the workpiece prone to vibration during processing, resulting in poor surface roughness of the outer circle of the workpiece and uneven grinding removal along the entire length of the workpiece. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the problems existing in the prior art, thereby realizing a high-precision and high-efficiency fully automatic grinding and polishing equipment for shaft parts.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is: a high-precision and high-efficiency fully automatic grinding and polishing equipment for shaft parts, including a machine tool, on the upper end of the machine tool, a rotatable clamping assembly and a center assembly are respectively installed on the corresponding sides, a horizontally movable grinding assembly is installed between the clamping assembly and the center assembly, and a drive device for controlling the horizontal movement of the grinding assembly is installed on one side of the machine tool. The grinding assembly includes two correspondingly staggered grinding wheel assemblies, and a fine grinding device and a cooling device that can move up and down are installed on the upper side between the two grinding wheel assemblies. The fine grinding equipment includes a fine grinding end that can move horizontally back and forth.

[0005] Preferably, the machine tool includes a base box and a base plate fixedly connected to the upper end of the base box. A horizontally movable moving table is slidably connected to the upper end of the base plate, and the grinding assembly is mounted on the moving table. The driving device includes a drive motor fixedly connected to the rear end of the machine tool. A drive screw is rotatably connected to the upper end of the base plate. One end of the drive screw is fixedly connected to the output end of the drive motor, and the moving table is threadedly connected to the drive screw.

[0006] Preferably, the clamping assembly includes a three-jaw chuck, a housing is fixedly connected to one side of the upper end of the base plate, the three-jaw chuck is rotatably connected to the housing, a planetary gear transmission structure is installed inside the housing, the center output end of the planetary gear transmission structure is drivenly connected to the three-jaw chuck, a transmission pulley is coaxially connected to the input end of the planetary gear transmission structure, an output motor is fixedly connected to one end of the housing, a drive pulley is fixedly connected to the output end of the output motor, a transmission belt is sleeved between the drive pulley and the transmission pulley, a pulley protective cover is provided on the outside of the drive pulley and the transmission pulley, and the pulley protective cover is fixedly connected to the housing.

[0007] Preferably, the grinding wheel assembly includes a movable housing that is horizontally slidably connected to the upper end of the movable platform. A grinding wheel is rotatably connected to the rear side of the movable housing. Two grinding wheels are staggered. A grinding motor is fixedly connected inside the movable housing. A first reversing bevel gear is fixedly connected to the output end of the grinding motor. A mounting shaft is fixedly connected to the middle of the grinding wheel. The mounting shaft is rotatably connected to the movable housing. A second reversing bevel gear is fixedly connected to the other end of the mounting shaft. The second reversing bevel gear meshes with the first reversing bevel gear for transmission.

[0008] Preferably, the upper end of the movable platform is rotatably connected to a spacing adjustment screw, the two spacing adjustment screws have opposite spiral directions, a connecting plate is fixedly connected inside the movable box, the connecting plate is threadedly connected to the spacing adjustment screw, an adjusting motor is fixedly connected to the outer end of the movable box, the power output end of the adjusting motor is fixedly connected to the end of the corresponding spacing adjustment screw, and a horizontal protective cover is fixedly connected between the two movable boxes.

[0009] Preferably, the fine grinding equipment further includes a height adjustment box fixedly connected to one end of the moving table and a right-angle plate vertically slidably connected to the surface of the height adjustment box. The fine grinding end is mounted on the right-angle plate. A vertically arranged height adjustment screw is rotatably connected inside the height adjustment box. A height adjustment motor is fixedly connected to the upper end of the height adjustment box, and the power output end of the height adjustment motor is fixedly connected to the upper end of the height adjustment screw. A sliding plate is fixedly connected to the lower end of the right-angle plate, and the sliding plate is threadedly connected to the height adjustment screw. A height adjustment cover is fixedly connected to the lower end of the right-angle plate, and the lower end of the height adjustment cover is fixedly connected to the height adjustment box.

[0010] Preferably, the fine grinding end includes a grinding base and a plurality of grinding blocks arranged side by side and fixedly connected to the lower end of the grinding base. A connecting slider is fixedly connected to the upper end of the grinding base, a base is fixedly connected to the bottom of the right-angle plate, and a horizontally arranged guide rail is fixedly connected to the lower end of the base. The connecting slider is slidably connected to the guide rail. An eccentric drive structure for controlling the reciprocating movement of the grinding base is installed on one side of the right-angle plate.

[0011] Preferably, the eccentric drive structure includes a control motor fixedly connected to the right-angle plate and an eccentric wheel fixedly connected to the output end of the control motor. A connecting ring is rotatably connected to the surface of the eccentric wheel. A connecting rod is fixedly connected to one end of the grinding seat facing the connecting ring. A universal joint is connected between the connecting rod and the connecting ring.

[0012] Preferably, the cooling device includes a vertically arranged water pipe, which is fixedly connected to the mobile platform. A valve is installed on the water pipe, and a T-shaped pipe is fixedly connected to the other end of the water pipe. Two universal bamboo-joint pipes are fixedly connected to the lower end of the T-shaped pipe.

[0013] Preferably, the top core assembly includes a tailstock fixedly connected to the base plate, an mounting cylinder fixedly connected to the upper end of the tailstock, a mating cylinder slidably connected to the interior of the mounting cylinder along the axial direction, a center point fixedly connected to the outer end of the mating cylinder, a control screw threadedly connected to the inner end of the mating cylinder, and a rotating wheel fixedly connected to the other end of the control screw, the rotating wheel being rotatably connected to the mounting cylinder.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the high-precision and high-efficiency fully automatic grinding and polishing equipment for shaft parts of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention employs two sets of staggered grinding wheel components to simultaneously rough grind the workpiece. The grinding wheels on both sides distribute the entire cutting load, solving the defects of concentrated load and excessive wear of traditional single grinding wheels. The bidirectional cutting forces cancel each other out, eliminating workpiece machining vibration caused by unilateral cutting. The grinding removal amount along the entire length of the workpiece is uniform and stable, effectively improving the outer diameter roughness of shaft parts and enhancing the roundness and dimensional consistency of the parts.

[0015] 2. In use, the present invention integrates a fine grinding component that can be raised and lowered and reciprocated horizontally on top of the coarse grinding unit. The coarse grinding unit and the fine grinding component are arranged in alternating layers, and the two processing mechanisms do not interfere with each other. The coarse grinding and fine polishing processes can be completed continuously at the same station without disassembling and transferring the workpiece or secondary clamping and positioning. This completely avoids the dimensional errors caused by repeated positioning and greatly improves the precision of shaft parts. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a first schematic diagram illustrating the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a second schematic diagram illustrating the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a first schematic diagram of the structure of the grinding wheel assembly of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a second schematic diagram of the grinding wheel assembly structure of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a first schematic diagram of the fine grinding equipment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a second schematic diagram of the fine grinding equipment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a third schematic diagram of the fine grinding equipment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the drive device structure of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the three-jaw chuck transmission structure of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the top core component structure of the present invention.

[0017] In the diagram: 1-Base plate; 2-Bottom cover; 3-Moving stage; 4-Moving box; 5-Grinding motor; 6-First reversing bevel gear; 7-Second reversing bevel gear; 8-Grinding wheel; 9-Horizontal cover; 10-Adjusting motor; 11-Connecting plate; 12-Gap adjusting screw; 13-Right angle plate; 14-Height adjusting box; 15-Height adjusting cover; 16-Water pipe; 17-Height adjusting screw; 18-Height adjusting motor; 19-Sliding plate; 20-Valve; 21-Control motor; 22-Base; 23-Grinding seat; 24-Connecting slider; 25- Grinding block; 26-Eccentric wheel; 27-Connecting ring; 28-Universal joint; 29-Connecting rod; 30-Drive screw; 31-Drive motor; 32-Chassis; 33-Output motor; 34-Pulley guard; 35-Drive pulley; 36-Transmission pulley; 37-Gear ring; 38-Connecting frame; 39-Planetary gear; 40-Center gear; 41-Three-jaw chuck; 45-Base box; 46-Drag chain; 47-Tailstock; 48-Mounting cylinder; 49-Control screw; 50-Matching cylinder; 51-Center head; 52-Rotating wheel; 53-T-joint pipe; 54-Universal bamboo joint pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The following description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, provides a more detailed account of a high-precision and high-efficiency fully automatic grinding and polishing equipment for shaft parts according to the present invention.

[0019] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0020] This embodiment discloses a high-precision and high-efficiency fully automatic grinding and polishing equipment for shaft parts, such as... Figures 1-10 As shown, the machine tool includes a rotatable clamping assembly and a centering assembly mounted on opposite sides of its upper end. A horizontally movable grinding assembly is mounted between the clamping assembly and the centering assembly. A drive device for controlling the horizontal movement of the grinding assembly is mounted on one side of the machine tool. The grinding assembly includes two correspondingly staggered grinding wheel assemblies. A fine grinding device and a cooling device capable of vertical movement are mounted on the upper side between the two grinding wheel assemblies. The fine grinding device includes a fine grinding end capable of horizontal reciprocating movement.

[0021] The machine adopts a double-support layout with chuck clamping at one end and center support at the other. The clamping assembly and center assembly work together to form a full-length centering support structure for shaft-type workpieces. This can stably clamp short, thick, rigid shafts and effectively support slender, flexible workpieces, eliminating radial runout and machining taper defects caused by single-end cantilever clamping. The grinding assembly integrates two processing units: rough grinding and fine polishing. These units can move synchronously with the workpiece axially, completing both rough grinding and mirror polishing processes in one machine. The workpiece does not need to be disassembled and repositioned, significantly reducing process flow time and positioning errors. The dual-wheel rough grinding unit and the lifting fine grinding unit are arranged in layers, with the two processing mechanisms operating independently. This supports synchronous parallel processing or independent step-by-step processing, adapting to diverse processing requirements.

[0022] The machine tool includes a base box 45 and a base plate 1 fixedly connected to the upper end of the base box 45. A horizontally movable stage 3 is slidably connected to the upper end of the base plate 1, and the grinding assembly is mounted on the movable stage 3. The driving device includes a drive motor 31 fixedly connected to the rear end of the machine tool. A drive screw 30 is rotatably connected to the upper end of the base plate 1. One end of the drive screw 30 is fixedly connected to the output end of the drive motor 31, and the movable stage 3 is threadedly connected to the drive screw 30.

[0023] The base box 45 is a closed, integrated base, with the integrated base plate 1 serving as a unified installation benchmark for the entire machine, significantly improving overall machine rigidity and suppressing cutting vibration during high-speed grinding. The drive motor 31 and drive screw 30 constitute a precision screw linear feed mechanism. The threaded drive features self-locking, zero transmission backlash, and controllable feed rate. The motor can precisely drive the moving table 3 and the entire grinding assembly to feed at a uniform speed along the workpiece axis by reversing forward and reverse. Compared with chain and belt drives, there is no axial deviation, resulting in high consistency of the outer diameter of shaft parts during batch processing. One end of the drag chain 46 is fixedly connected to the base plate 1, and the other end is fixedly connected to the moving table 3. The drag chain 46 synchronously extends and retracts with the moving table 3, neatly storing equipment cables and oil pipes, preventing cable pulling and wear, and pipe bending and leakage.

[0024] The clamping assembly includes a three-jaw chuck 41. A housing 32 is fixedly connected to one side of the upper end of the base plate 1. The three-jaw chuck 41 is rotatably connected to the housing 32. A planetary gear transmission structure is installed inside the housing 32. The planetary gear transmission structure includes a gear ring 37, a central gear 40 coaxially arranged inside the gear ring 37, and multiple planetary gears 39 arranged in a ring and meshing with the gear ring 37 and the central gear 40. The three-jaw chuck 41 is coaxially fixedly connected to the central gear 40. The planetary gears 39 are rotatably connected to the housing 32. A linkage frame 38 is fixedly connected to one end of the gear ring 37 and is rotatably connected to the housing 32. The central gear 40 of the planetary gear transmission structure is connected to the three-jaw chuck 41. The linkage frame 38 is coaxially connected to the transmission pulley 36. One end of the housing 32 is fixedly connected to the output motor 33. The output end of the output motor 33 is fixedly connected to the drive pulley 35. A transmission belt is sleeved between the drive pulley 35 and the transmission pulley 36. A pulley protective cover 34 is provided on the outside of the drive pulley 35 and the transmission pulley 36. The pulley protective cover 34 is fixedly connected to the housing 32. A bottom cover 2 is fixedly connected between the housing 32 and the moving platform 3. The bottom cover 2 covers the upper side of the drive screw 30.

[0025] The three-jaw chuck 41 relies on three-point synchronous centering clamping, which can adapt to the ends of shafts with different outer diameters, automatically aligning the workpiece rotation center and reducing machining roundness error. The output motor 33 inputs power to the connecting frame 38 through belt drive, driving the planetary gears 39 to revolve around the central gear 40. The planetary gear set achieves a large reduction ratio transmission, which has the core advantages of speed reduction and torque increase, smooth operation, and compact space occupation. When machining large-diameter, high-hardness shafts, there will be no speed slippage or loss of rotation. Multiple sets of planetary gears 39 mesh synchronously to share the load, resulting in uniform transmission force, slow gear wear, and strong long-term operational stability of the equipment. The pulley guard 34 is a fully enclosed protective structure that isolates coolant and metal shavings from entering the pulley transmission pair, preventing transmission belt corrosion, slippage, and breakage. The bottom guard 2 adopts an accordion telescopic structure, which extends and retracts synchronously with the moving table 3, fully enclosing and covering the drive screw 30, blocking shavings and cutting fluid from corroding the screw threads, maintaining long-term high-precision transmission of the screw, and isolating high-speed moving parts to avoid the safety hazard of accidental contact by operators.

[0026] The grinding wheel assembly includes a movable housing 4 that is horizontally slidably connected to the upper end of the movable table 3. A grinding wheel 8 is rotatably connected to the rear side of the movable housing 4. The two grinding wheels 8 are staggered. A grinding motor 5 is fixedly connected inside the movable housing 4. A first reversing bevel gear 6 is fixedly connected to the output end of the grinding motor 5. A mounting shaft is fixedly connected to the middle of the grinding wheel 8. The mounting shaft is rotatably connected to the movable housing 4. A second reversing bevel gear 7 is fixedly connected to the other end of the mounting shaft. The second reversing bevel gear 7 meshes with the first reversing bevel gear 6 for transmission.

[0027] Two sets of independent moving housings 4 each carry an independent grinding wheel 8. The staggered double grinding wheels can simultaneously cut the outer diameter of the workpiece from both sides. Each grinding wheel on one side only bears half of the cutting allowance, thus halving the grinding wheel wear rate. The simultaneous grinding on both sides can cancel each other out the radial cutting force of the workpiece, effectively suppressing machining vibration and significantly optimizing the surface roughness of the workpiece. The grinding motor 5 is vertically arranged and uses the meshing first reversing bevel gear 6 and second reversing bevel gear 7 to convert the vertical output power into the horizontal rotation power of the grinding wheel, shortening the length of the transverse transmission shaft and reducing the transverse space occupied by the whole machine. The bevel gear meshing transmission ratio is constant and there is no slippage. The cutting linear speed of the grinding wheel is stable throughout the entire process, ensuring that the rough grinding removal amount of the workpiece is uniform and consistent along its entire length.

[0028] The upper end of the movable platform 3 is rotatably connected to a spacing adjustment screw 12, and the two spacing adjustment screws 12 have opposite spiral directions. A connecting plate 11 is fixedly connected inside the movable box 4, and the connecting plate 11 is threadedly connected to the spacing adjustment screw 12. An adjustment motor 10 is fixedly connected to the outer end of the movable box 4, and the power output end of the adjustment motor 10 is fixedly connected to the end of the corresponding spacing adjustment screw 12. A horizontal protective cover 9 is fixedly connected between the two movable boxes 4.

[0029] Two opposing pitch adjustment screws 12 are driven by two independent adjustment motors 10. When operating synchronously, they can drive the two sets of moving housings 4 to move synchronously in opposite directions, automatically adjusting the clamping gap between the two grinding wheels. This adapts to shaft parts with different outer diameters, eliminating the need for manual adjustment and demonstrating strong automation capabilities. The reverse thread design ensures that the grinding wheels on both sides move synchronously closer to or further away from the workpiece, keeping the workpiece always at the center of the two grinding wheels, thus avoiding roundness deviations caused by excessive grinding allowance on one side. The horizontal guard 9 is a bellows telescopic protective structure that expands and contracts synchronously with the change in the distance between the two moving housings 4, sealing off the grinding wheel processing area, preventing metal chips from splashing outwards, and isolating the high-speed rotating grinding wheel, thus providing both dustproof and safety protection functions.

[0030] The precision grinding equipment also includes a height adjustment box 14 fixedly connected to one end of the moving table 3 and a right-angle plate 13 vertically slidably connected to the surface of the height adjustment box 14. The precision grinding end is mounted on the right-angle plate 13. A vertically arranged height adjustment screw 17 is rotatably connected inside the height adjustment box 14. A height adjustment motor 18 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the height adjustment box 14, and the power output end of the height adjustment motor 18 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the height adjustment screw 17. A sliding plate 19 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the right-angle plate 13, and the sliding plate 19 is threadedly connected to the height adjustment screw 17. A height adjustment cover 15 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the right-angle plate 13, and the lower end of the height adjustment cover 15 is fixedly connected to the height adjustment box 14. The height adjustment cover 15, the horizontal cover 9, and the bottom cover 2 are all accordion-style protective cover structures.

[0031] The height adjustment motor 18 drives the vertical height adjustment screw 17 to rotate, which in turn drives the sliding plate 19 and the right-angle plate 13 to rise and fall vertically as a whole through the threaded pair. This precisely controls the vertical contact pressure between the fine grinding end and the outer circle of the workpiece. The amount of pressure can be flexibly adjusted according to the workpiece material and polishing roughness requirements. Soft shafts reduce the amount of pressure to prevent over-polishing, while hard alloy shafts increase the pressure to improve polishing efficiency. The bellows-style height adjustment cover 15 automatically extends and retracts with the rise and fall of the right-angle plate 13, completely sealing the height adjustment screw 17 and the vertical sliding guide rail. This prevents coolant and grinding debris from entering the vertical transmission pair, ensuring that the lifting adjustment is smooth and accurate over a long period of time. The entire fine grinding equipment is integrated above the moving table 3 and feeds axially synchronously with the moving table 3. After the rough grinding is completed, there is no need to move the workpiece; the fine grinding process can be switched directly, eliminating the positioning error caused by process switching.

[0032] The fine grinding end includes a grinding base 23 and a plurality of grinding blocks 25 arranged side by side and fixedly connected to the lower end of the grinding base 23. A connecting slider 24 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the grinding base 23. A base 22 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the right angle plate 13. A horizontally arranged guide rail is fixedly connected to the lower end of the base 22. The connecting slider 24 is slidably connected to the guide rail. An eccentric drive structure for controlling the reciprocating movement of the grinding base 23 is installed on one side of the right angle plate 13.

[0033] Multiple side-by-side grinding blocks 25 synchronously contact the workpiece surface, increasing the effective contact area for polishing. A single reciprocating motion can cover a longer axial area of ​​the workpiece, significantly improving polishing efficiency. The guide rail and connecting slider 24 form a high-precision linear sliding pair, restricting the grinding seat 23 to reciprocating smoothly only in the horizontal direction. The grinding blocks 25 are always parallel and in contact with the outer circle of the shaft-like workpiece, eliminating problems such as local polishing defects and uneven surface texture. The eccentric drive structure independently controls the reciprocating motion of the fine grinding end, which is completely independent of the rough grinding motion of the grinding wheel below. It can realize simultaneous parallel processing of rough grinding and fine grinding, or start fine grinding and polishing separately after rough grinding is completed. The processing mode is adapted to diverse production needs.

[0034] The eccentric drive structure includes a control motor 21 fixedly connected to the right-angle plate 13 and an eccentric wheel 26 fixedly connected to the output end of the control motor 21. A connecting ring 27 is rotatably connected to the surface of the eccentric wheel 26. A connecting rod 29 is fixedly connected to one end of the grinding seat 23 facing the connecting ring 27. A universal joint 28 is connected between the connecting rod 29 and the connecting ring 27.

[0035] The control motor 21 drives the eccentric wheel 26 to rotate in a circular motion. The eccentricity of the eccentric wheel 26 is converted into a linear reciprocating stroke, which stably drives the grinding block 23 to perform horizontal reciprocating polishing. The universal joint 28 can compensate for the angular deviation between the circular motion of the eccentric wheel 26 and the linear reciprocating motion of the connecting rod 29, eliminating transmission jamming and unilateral force imbalance, significantly reducing mechanical wear of the reciprocating motion, and extending the service life of the drive structure. By simply replacing the eccentric wheel 26 with different eccentricities, the reciprocating polishing stroke of the grinding block 25 can be freely adjusted to adapt to the polishing needs of workpieces of different lengths, such as short shafts and long shafts. The overall transmission structure is simple and reliable, with a lower failure rate and more convenient daily maintenance compared to cam and crank-slider structures.

[0036] The cooling device includes a vertically arranged water pipe 16, which is fixedly connected to the movable platform 3. A valve 20 is installed on the water pipe 16, and a three-way pipe 53 is fixedly connected to the other end of the water pipe 16. Two universal bamboo joint pipes 54 are fixedly connected to the lower end of the three-way pipe 53.

[0037] Cooling water pipe 16 is rigidly fixed to the moving table 3 and moves axially synchronously with the grinding assembly. The lower end is used to connect to the water supply equipment. It follows the rough grinding and fine grinding processing areas throughout the process, and there is no cooling blind spot. Valve 20 can manually adjust the coolant flow rate. During the rough grinding stage with a large cutting margin, the flow rate is increased to fully remove the high temperature of cutting. During the fine polishing stage, the flow rate is reduced to avoid water stains remaining on the workpiece surface and affecting the surface finish. The three-way pipe 53 splits the coolant into two universal bamboo joint pipes 54. The bamboo joint pipes can be bent at will to adjust the spray angle. One path is aimed at the rough grinding contact point of the grinding wheel to flush away the high temperature and grinding debris. The other path is aimed at the fine grinding and polishing area to remove polishing debris in time. At the same time, it continuously removes the processing heat to inhibit the thermal deformation of the workpiece and avoids the surface annealing and processing cracks caused by high temperature, thus ensuring the dimensional accuracy and surface quality of the parts.

[0038] The top core assembly includes a tailstock 47 fixedly connected to the base plate 1. An mounting cylinder 48 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the tailstock 47. A mating cylinder 50 is slidably connected axially inside the mounting cylinder 48. A center head 51 is fixedly connected to the outer end of the mating cylinder 50. A control screw 49 is threadedly connected to the inner end of the mating cylinder 50. A rotating wheel 52 is fixedly connected to the other end of the control screw 49. The rotating wheel 52 is rotatably connected to the mounting cylinder 48.

[0039] The tailstock 47 and the three-jaw chuck 41 are arranged symmetrically on the left and right. The center head 51 and the three-jaw chuck 41 form a double support positioning structure with one clamp and one support, which supports both ends of the slender shaft workpiece and counteracts the radial deflection generated when the workpiece rotates at high speed. This solves the industry problems of easy bending and excessive taper tolerance in the grinding of slender shafts. The control screw 49 can be rotated by manually rotating the rotary wheel 52. The screw pair pushes the mating cylinder 50 to slide axially, flexibly adjusting the extension length of the center head 51 to adapt to shaft parts of different total lengths. The threaded self-locking structure can stably lock the center holding force, and there will be no center retraction or workpiece loosening during the processing. The clamping stability is strong, no additional locking accessories are required, and the workpiece clamping operation is simple and quick.

[0040] Working principle Before processing, the operator clamps one end of the shaft-like workpiece to be processed inside the three-jaw chuck 41, rotates the wheel 52 at the tailstock 47 to push the center head 51 to press against the other end of the workpiece, and completes the double-end centering support of the workpiece; according to the outer diameter of the workpiece, the adjusting motor 10 is started, driving the reverse spacing adjusting screw 12 to drive the two sets of moving boxes 4 to move towards each other, and adjusts the gap between the two grinding wheels 8 to match the outer diameter of the workpiece; according to the polishing process requirements of the workpiece, the height adjusting motor 18 is started, driving the height adjusting screw 17 to adjust the vertical height of the right angle plate 13 and the fine grinding end below, and sets the polishing pressure; the cooling water pipe 16 valve 20 is opened, and the universal bamboo joint pipe 54 is bent so that the coolant nozzles are aimed at the grinding area of ​​the grinding wheel and the fine grinding and polishing area respectively.

[0041] After the equipment is started, the output motor 33 drives the three-jaw chuck 41 to rotate the workpiece at a constant speed through the belt drive and planetary gear transmission structure; the drive motor 31 drives the drive screw 30 to rotate, and drives the moving table 3 to carry the entire grinding assembly to feed at a constant speed along the workpiece axis; the grinding motor 5 drives the two sets of grinding wheels 8 to rotate at high speed through the bevel gear reversing transmission, and simultaneously removes the roughing material of the outer diameter from both sides of the workpiece; during the processing, coolant is continuously sprayed to remove the high temperature of grinding and metal chips.

[0042] After the rough grinding process is completed, the fine grinding unit can be started synchronously while the moving table 3 is in the feed state: the control motor 21 drives the eccentric wheel 26 to rotate, and the universal joint 28 and the connecting rod 29 drive the grinding seat 23 and multiple grinding blocks 25 to move horizontally and reciprocally along the guide rail to perform reciprocating fine polishing on the outer circle of the workpiece; the entire grinding assembly can move back and forth along the entire workpiece to complete the rough grinding and fine polishing composite processing of the entire shaft part in one go.

[0043] Throughout the entire machining process, all bellows-style protective covers extend and retract synchronously with each moving part, completely sealing off and isolating cutting fluid and metal shavings, while also isolating high-speed moving parts for safety protection. Waste liquid and debris generated during machining fall into the bottom box 45 for centralized collection. After machining is completed, all drive motors are stopped, and the rotating wheel 52 is rotated in the opposite direction to release the center, allowing the finished shaft parts to be removed. No secondary clamping is required throughout the process, resulting in a high degree of automation and simultaneous improvement in machining accuracy and efficiency.

[0044] It should be noted that, in actual implementation, the structure depicted in the accompanying drawings is not a fixed or unchanging embodiment. The components of the embodiments of the invention described and shown in these drawings can typically be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Furthermore, the accompanying drawings and abstract drawings are merely illustrative and do not represent the specific structure or actual quantity in a concrete implementation.

[0045] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used herein should be understood in their ordinary sense as would be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The use of terms such as "a" or "an" in this specification and claims does not necessarily indicate a limitation of quantity. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or component preceding the word encompasses the element or component listed following the word and its equivalents, without excluding other elements or components. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect.

[0046] The exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to preferred embodiments. However, those skilled in the art will understand that various modifications and alterations can be made to the above specific embodiments without departing from the concept of the present invention, and various combinations can be made to the various technical features and structures proposed in the present invention without exceeding the protection scope of the present invention.

[0047] New paragraph: Complete working principle of the whole machine Before processing, the operator clamps one end of the shaft-like workpiece to be processed inside the three-jaw chuck, rotates the wheel at the tailstock to push the center head to press against the other end of the workpiece, and completes the double-end centering support of the workpiece; according to the outer diameter of the workpiece, the adjustment motor is started, driving the reverse spacing adjustment screw to move the two sets of moving boxes in opposite directions, adjusting the gap between the two grinding wheels to match the outer diameter of the workpiece; according to the polishing process requirements of the workpiece, the height adjustment motor is started, driving the height adjustment screw to adjust the vertical height of the right angle plate and the fine grinding end below, and setting the polishing pressure; the cooling water pipe valve is opened, and the universal bamboo joint pipe is bent so that the coolant nozzles are aimed at the grinding area of ​​the grinding wheel and the fine grinding and polishing area respectively.

[0048] After the equipment is started, the output motor drives the three-jaw chuck to rotate the workpiece at a constant speed through belt drive and planetary gear transmission structure; the drive motor drives the drive screw to rotate, and drives the moving table to carry the entire grinding assembly to feed at a constant speed along the workpiece axis; the grinding motor drives two sets of grinding wheels to rotate at high speed through bevel gear reversing transmission, and simultaneously removes the roughing material of the outer diameter from both sides of the workpiece; during the processing, coolant is continuously sprayed to remove the high temperature of grinding and metal chips.

[0049] After the rough grinding process is completed, the fine grinding unit can be started synchronously while the moving table is in the feed state: the control motor drives the eccentric wheel to rotate, and the universal joint and connecting rod drive the grinding seat and multiple grinding blocks to move horizontally and reciprocally along the guide rail to perform reciprocating fine polishing on the outer circle of the workpiece; the entire grinding assembly can move back and forth along the entire workpiece to complete the rough grinding and fine polishing composite processing of the entire shaft part in one go.

[0050] Throughout the entire machining process, all bellows-style protective covers extend and retract synchronously with each moving part, completely sealing off and isolating cutting fluid and metal shavings, while also isolating high-speed moving parts for safety protection. Waste liquids and debris generated during machining fall into the bottom box for centralized collection. After machining is completed, all drive motors are stopped, the rotating wheel is rotated in the opposite direction to release the center, and the finished shaft parts can be removed. No secondary clamping is required throughout the process, resulting in a high degree of automation and simultaneous improvement in machining accuracy and efficiency.

[0051] It should be noted that, in actual implementation, the structure depicted in the accompanying drawings is not a fixed or unchanging embodiment. The components of the embodiments of the invention described and shown in these drawings can typically be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Furthermore, the accompanying drawings and abstract drawings are merely illustrative and do not represent the specific structure or actual quantity in a concrete implementation.

[0052] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used herein should be understood in their ordinary sense as would be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The use of terms such as "a" or "an" in this specification and claims does not necessarily indicate a limitation of quantity. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or component preceding the word encompasses the element or component listed following the word and its equivalents, without excluding other elements or components. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect.

[0053] The exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to preferred embodiments. However, those skilled in the art will understand that various modifications and alterations can be made to the above specific embodiments without departing from the concept of the present invention, and various combinations can be made to the various technical features and structures proposed in the present invention without exceeding the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-precision and high-efficiency fully automatic grinding and polishing equipment for shaft parts, characterized in that, The machine tool includes a rotatable clamping assembly and a centering assembly respectively installed on the corresponding sides of the upper end of the machine tool. A horizontally movable grinding assembly is installed between the clamping assembly and the centering assembly. A drive device for controlling the horizontal movement of the grinding assembly is installed on one side of the machine tool. The grinding assembly includes two correspondingly staggered grinding wheel assemblies, and a fine grinding device and a cooling device that can move up and down are installed on the upper side between the two grinding wheel assemblies. The fine grinding equipment includes a fine grinding end that can move horizontally back and forth.

2. The high-precision and high-efficiency fully automatic grinding and polishing equipment for shaft parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The machine tool includes a base box (45) and a base plate (1) fixedly connected to the upper end of the base box (45). A movable stage (3) capable of horizontal movement is slidably connected to the upper end of the base plate (1). The grinding assembly is mounted on the movable stage (3). The driving device includes a drive motor (31) fixedly connected to the rear end of the machine tool. A drive screw (30) is rotatably connected to the upper end of the base plate (1). One end of the drive screw (30) is fixedly connected to the output end of the drive motor (31). The movable stage (3) is threadedly connected to the drive screw (30).

3. The high-precision and high-efficiency fully automatic grinding and polishing equipment for shaft parts according to claim 2, characterized in that: The clamping assembly includes a three-jaw chuck (41), a housing (32) is fixedly connected to one side of the upper end of the base plate (1), the three-jaw chuck (41) is rotatably connected to the housing (32), a planetary gear transmission structure is installed inside the housing (32), the center output end of the planetary gear transmission structure is connected to the three-jaw chuck (41) for transmission, a transmission pulley (36) is coaxially connected to the input end of the planetary gear transmission structure, an output motor (33) is fixedly connected to one end of the housing (32), a drive pulley (35) is fixedly connected to the output end of the output motor (33), a transmission belt is sleeved between the drive pulley (35) and the transmission pulley (36), a pulley protective cover (34) is provided on the outside of the drive pulley (35) and the transmission pulley (36), and the pulley protective cover (34) is fixedly connected to the housing (32).

4. The high-precision and high-efficiency fully automatic grinding and polishing equipment for shaft parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grinding wheel assembly includes a movable box (4) that is horizontally slidably connected to the upper end of the movable table (3). A grinding wheel (8) is rotatably connected to the rear side of the movable box (4). The two grinding wheels (8) are staggered. A grinding motor (5) is fixedly connected inside the movable box (4). A first reversing bevel gear (6) is fixedly connected to the output end of the grinding motor (5). A mounting shaft is fixedly connected to the middle of the grinding wheel (8). The mounting shaft is rotatably connected to the movable box (4). A second reversing bevel gear (7) is fixedly connected to the other end of the mounting shaft. The second reversing bevel gear (7) meshes with the first reversing bevel gear (6) for transmission.

5. The high-precision and high-efficiency fully automatic grinding and polishing equipment for shaft parts according to claim 4, characterized in that: The upper end of the moving platform (3) is rotatably connected to a spacing adjustment screw (12), and the two spacing adjustment screws (12) have opposite spiral directions. The interior of the moving box (4) is fixedly connected to a connecting plate (11), and the connecting plate (11) is threadedly connected to the spacing adjustment screw (12). The outer end of the moving box (4) is fixedly connected to an adjustment motor (10), and the power output end of the adjustment motor (10) is fixedly connected to the end of the corresponding spacing adjustment screw (12). A horizontal guard (9) is fixedly connected between the two moving boxes (4).

6. The high-precision and high-efficiency fully automatic grinding and polishing equipment for shaft parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fine grinding equipment also includes a height adjustment box (14) fixedly connected to one end of the moving table (3) and a right angle plate (13) vertically slidably connected to the surface of the height adjustment box (14). The fine grinding end is mounted on the right angle plate (13). A vertically arranged height adjustment screw (17) is rotatably connected inside the height adjustment box (14). A height adjustment motor (18) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the height adjustment box (14). The power output end of the height adjustment motor (18) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the height adjustment screw (17). A sliding plate (19) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the right angle plate (13). The sliding plate (19) is threadedly connected to the height adjustment screw (17). A height adjustment cover (15) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the right angle plate (13). The lower end of the height adjustment cover (15) is fixedly connected to the height adjustment box (14).

7. The high-precision and high-efficiency fully automatic grinding and polishing equipment for shaft parts according to claim 6, characterized in that: The fine grinding end includes a grinding seat (23) and a plurality of grinding blocks (25) arranged side by side and fixedly connected to the lower end of the grinding seat (23). A connecting slider (24) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the grinding seat (23). A base (22) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the right angle plate (13). A horizontally arranged guide rail is fixedly connected to the lower end of the base (22). The connecting slider (24) is slidably connected to the guide rail. An eccentric drive structure for controlling the reciprocating movement of the grinding seat (23) is installed on one side of the right angle plate (13).

8. The high-precision and high-efficiency fully automatic grinding and polishing equipment for shaft parts according to claim 7, characterized in that: The eccentric drive structure includes a control motor (21) fixedly connected to the right angle plate (13) and an eccentric wheel (26) fixedly connected to the output end of the control motor (21). A connecting ring (27) is rotatably connected to the surface of the eccentric wheel (26). A connecting rod (29) is fixedly connected to one end of the grinding seat (23) facing the connecting ring (27). A universal joint (28) is connected between the connecting rod (29) and the connecting ring (27).

9. The high-precision and high-efficiency fully automatic grinding and polishing equipment for shaft parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cooling device includes a vertically arranged water pipe (16), which is fixedly connected to the moving platform (3). A valve (20) is installed on the water pipe (16), and a three-way pipe (53) is fixedly connected to the other end of the water pipe (16). Two universal bamboo joint pipes (54) are fixedly connected to the lower end of the three-way pipe (53).

10. The high-precision and high-efficiency fully automatic grinding and polishing equipment for shaft parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top core assembly includes a tailstock (47) fixedly connected to the base plate (1). An mounting cylinder (48) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the tailstock (47). A mating cylinder (50) is slidably connected to the interior of the mounting cylinder (48) along the axial direction. A center head (51) is fixedly connected to the outer end of the mating cylinder (50). A control screw (49) is threadedly connected to the inner end of the mating cylinder (50). A rotating wheel (52) is fixedly connected to the other end of the control screw (49). The rotating wheel (52) is rotatably connected to the mounting cylinder (48).

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