A precision hardware surface treatment system and process

Abstract

The present application relates to hardware grinding processing technical field, disclose a kind of precision hardware surface treatment system and process, including grinding table, controller, first polishing mechanism and second polishing mechanism respectively installed in the lower part and upper part of grinding table, and two groups of support centering components symmetrically arranged in the both sides of grinding table;Support centering component sequentially includes first, second, third, fourth bearing block;First bearing block upper end is equipped with auxiliary rolling mechanism;Second bearing block upper end is equipped with permanent magnet repulsion rolling assembly, including roller body and two-stage electromagnetic repulsion buffer mechanism;Third bearing block upper end is equipped with limit rolling mechanism.The present application is through the three-in-one combination of "two-stage electromagnetic repulsion buffer + concentric permanent magnet non-contact centering + synchronous double-side grinding", solve the technical problems of radial runout, serpentine runout and clamping deformation in the precision grinding of long tube welding position, with the advantages of high grinding precision, smooth operation, adaptive clamping.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of metal grinding technology, specifically to a precision metal surface treatment system and process. Background Technology

[0002] Long tubular hardware components are core basic parts widely used in hydraulic, pneumatic, engineering machinery, and automobile manufacturing fields. The surface quality of their outer welded parts directly affects the assembly accuracy, sealing performance, fatigue strength, and service life of the entire equipment. In particular, for thin-walled long tubes with a wall thickness ≤3mm and a length-to-diameter ratio ≥10, the precision grinding of their welded cylindrical parts has always been a technical challenge in the industry.

[0003] Currently, the grinding process for welded parts of long pipes mainly employs the following technical solutions, but all of them have insurmountable defects: 1. Spring-buffered roller clamping technology: Existing technologies employ spring-preloaded roller clamping mechanisms, where the spring force presses the roller against the outer wall of the long tube to achieve clamping and driving. This solution has two fatal flaws: First, the spring stiffness is fixed and cannot be adaptively adjusted. When welding height fluctuates or grinding load changes, the buffering force cannot be adjusted in real time, easily leading to rigid deformation of the tube or clamping slippage. Second, the spring is prone to fatigue failure; after continuous operation, the clamping force decreases, requiring frequent spring replacements and resulting in high maintenance costs. 2. Rigid Centering and Rolling Support Technology: Existing technologies generally use V-blocks or rigid rollers as support and centering elements for long tubes. The problems with this approach are: firstly, purely mechanical contact centering accuracy is low; for long tubes with a length-to-diameter ratio ≥10, radial runout is difficult to control within 0.05mm; secondly, rolling friction is insufficient, and slippage easily occurs when the long tube rotates, resulting in uneven grinding patterns and poor surface roughness; thirdly, it cannot suppress serpentine deviation, causing irregular serpentine motion during axial feeding of the long tube, leading to uneven grinding of the welded cylinder and a high scrap rate. 3. Single-sided grinding technology: Most existing technologies use a single grinding disc for single-sided grinding, which results in unbalanced cutting forces, easily causing bending deformation of long tubes. In addition, multiple clamping is required to complete the grinding of the entire circumference of the welded cylinder, resulting in low production efficiency and poor processing consistency. 4. Centerless grinding technology: Although traditional centerless grinding machines have high machining accuracy, they can only process cylindrical workpieces of the same diameter and cannot handle long pipes with variable diameters and welded cylinders. In addition, the equipment cost is high and the adjustment is complicated, making them unsuitable for multi-variety small-batch production.

[0004] In summary, existing technologies cannot simultaneously solve the five core problems in precision grinding of long pipe welded parts: clamping deformation, low centering accuracy, insufficient friction, serpentine deviation, and low grinding efficiency. There is an urgent need to develop a precision hardware surface treatment system and process that can achieve adaptive buffer clamping, non-contact high-precision centering, and synchronous double-sided grinding. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a precision hardware surface treatment system and process to solve the technical problems of clamping deformation, radial runout and serpentine deviation in precision grinding of long pipe welding parts.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A precision hardware surface treatment system for surface grinding of a welded cylinder in the middle of a long tube is characterized by comprising a grinding table, a controller fixed to the side wall of the grinding table, a first grinding mechanism and a second grinding mechanism respectively installed at the lower and upper parts of the grinding table, and two sets of support and centering components symmetrically arranged on both sides of the grinding table; each set of support and centering components includes, from near to far along the axial direction of the long tube, a first bearing block, a second bearing block, a third bearing block and a fourth bearing block; The upper end of the first bearing block is equipped with an auxiliary rolling mechanism for supporting the long tube and reducing motion resistance; The upper end of the second bearing block is provided with a permanent magnet mutual repulsion rolling assembly, including a roller body for radially clamping the long tube, and a first-stage electromagnetic mutual repulsion buffer mechanism and a second-stage electromagnetic mutual repulsion buffer mechanism respectively disposed at both ends of the roller seat. The upper end of the third bearing block is equipped with a limiting rolling mechanism to restrict the axial movement of the long tube; The fourth bearing block is equipped with a concentric permanent magnet auxiliary mechanism, including a permanent magnet ring coaxially arranged with the long tube. Multiple pairs of alternating N poles and S poles are evenly distributed on its outer surface along the circumference. The magnetic lines of force are radially outward, forming a coupled magnetic field of opposite attraction with the permanent magnet in the permanent magnet mutual repulsion rolling assembly, generating a uniform radial magnetic attraction force on the long tube. The first grinding mechanism and the second grinding mechanism are located on the upper and lower sides of the welding cylinder in the middle of the long tube, respectively, and are used to perform synchronous double-sided grinding on the outer peripheral wall of the welding cylinder.

[0007] Preferably, the first grinding mechanism includes a first motor fixed to the lower part of the side wall of the grinding table, a first transmission disc fixed to the lower end of the output shaft of the first motor, a first rotating rod rotatably mounted through the middle of the grinding table, a second transmission disc fixed to the lower end of the first rotating rod, a first transmission belt sleeved on the outer peripheral wall of the first and second transmission discs, a lower plate body fixed to the upper end of the first rotating rod, and a first grinding disc detachably mounted to the upper end of the lower plate body by bolts and nuts.

[0008] It is worth noting that the first grinding mechanism uses a belt drive to drive the lower grinding disc to rotate, which can effectively isolate the transmission of motor vibration to the grinding disc and ensure the flatness and stability of the grinding surface. The first grinding disc can be detached and installed by bolts and nuts, which makes it easy to quickly change the grinding disc of different grit or material according to the material of the welding cylinder and the grinding requirements. The replacement time can be shortened to less than 5 minutes, which greatly improves the versatility and maintenance convenience of the equipment.

[0009] Preferably, the second grinding mechanism includes a second motor fixed to the upper part of the side wall of the grinding table, a third transmission disc fixed to the upper end of the output shaft of the second motor, a fixed block fixed to the side wall of the grinding table, a second rotating rod rotatably installed through the fixed block, a fourth transmission disc fixed to the upper end of the second rotating rod, a second transmission belt sleeved on the outer peripheral wall of the third and fourth transmission discs, an upper plate body fixed to the lower end of the second rotating rod, and a second grinding disc detachably installed at the lower end of the upper plate body by bolts and nuts; the outer peripheral walls of the first grinding disc and the second grinding disc are both provided with chamfers, and the two chamfers respectively fit with the upper and lower edges of the outer peripheral wall of the welding cylinder.

[0010] It is worth noting that the second grinding mechanism is arranged symmetrically with the first grinding mechanism, and the two grinding discs rotate synchronously in opposite directions, so that the upper and lower edges of the welding cylinder are subjected to tangential grinding forces in opposite directions at the same time. These cutting forces cancel each other out, which significantly reduces the torsional torque on the long tube during grinding and further suppresses the vibration of the tube body. The chamfer design of the outer peripheral wall of the grinding disc can grind and round the upper and lower edges of the welding cylinder at the same time, avoiding the subsequent secondary chamfering process. All processing steps can be completed in one clamping, while ensuring a smooth transition of the edge of the welding cylinder and avoiding stress concentration.

[0011] Preferably, the auxiliary rolling mechanism includes two first support blocks symmetrically fixed to the upper end of the first bearing block, first inclined blocks respectively fixed to the upper ends of the two first support blocks, and a first roller rotatably installed between the two first inclined blocks; the outer peripheral wall of the first roller rolls in contact with the outer peripheral wall of the long tube.

[0012] It is worth noting that the auxiliary rolling mechanism uses two first rollers arranged in a V-shape to provide two-point support for the long tube. This ensures the radial positioning of the long tube and significantly reduces the frictional resistance during the rotation of the long tube through the passive rolling of the rollers. This allows the long tube to rotate smoothly under the drive of the roller body, reducing the load and energy consumption of the drive motor. The first rollers are made of polyurethane, which has good wear resistance and shock absorption performance and will not scratch the surface of the long tube.

[0013] Preferably, the permanent magnet repulsive rolling assembly includes two second support blocks symmetrically fixed to the upper end of the second bearing block, a fixed ring jointly fixed to the upper end of the two second support blocks, a plurality of first hinge seats uniformly fixed to the inner wall of the fixed ring along the circumference, an electric cylinder respectively hinged to each first hinge seat, a movable block fixed to the output shaft of the electric cylinder, a plurality of second hinge seats uniformly fixed to the inner wall of the fixed ring along the circumference, a roller seat respectively hinged to each second hinge seat, and a roller body rotatably mounted in the roller seat; the movable block is hinged to the middle of the roller seat.

[0014] It is worth noting that multiple rollers are evenly distributed circumferentially, which can form a uniform radial clamping force of 120° on the long tube, avoiding deformation of the long tube caused by unilateral force; the electric cylinder adopts a servo electric cylinder, which can precisely adjust the clamping force of the rollers, with an adjustment accuracy of up to 0.1N, adapting to long tubes with different wall thicknesses and materials, and has a wide range of applications.

[0015] Preferably, the first-stage electromagnetic repulsion buffer mechanism includes a first permanent magnet fixed to the end of the roller seat away from the electric cylinder, and a first electromagnet fixed to the inner wall of the fixed ring and having the same pole as the first permanent magnet; the second-stage electromagnetic repulsion buffer mechanism includes a second permanent magnet fixed to the end of the roller seat facing the movable block, and a second electromagnet fixed to the side wall of the movable block and having the same pole as the second permanent magnet; both the first electromagnet and the second electromagnet are electrically connected to the controller; the first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet are the permanent magnets in the permanent magnet repulsion rolling assembly.

[0016] It is worth noting that the two-stage electromagnetic repulsion buffer mechanism adopts a non-contact design with opposite poles, avoiding the wear and noise problems of mechanical buffer mechanisms, and has a service life of over 100,000 hours. The first-stage buffer provides basic preload force, while the second-stage buffer provides dynamic adjustment force. By adjusting the current intensity of the electromagnet through a controller, the buffer stiffness can be precisely controlled within the range of 0-1000N to adapt to different grinding conditions. When the welding allowance is large, the buffer stiffness can be automatically increased to improve processing stability. This combination of "permanent magnet + electromagnet" design combines the passive stability of permanent magnets with the active controllability of electromagnets, significantly improving the self-adaptive capability of clamping.

[0017] Preferably, the inner wall of the fixed ring is provided with a driving mechanism, which includes a fixed seat fixed to the inner wall of the fixed ring, a motor fixed to the inner wall of the fixed seat, a threaded column fixed to the output shaft of the motor, and a large gear threaded onto the outer peripheral wall of the threaded column; the rotating shaft of one of the roller bodies extends to the outside of the roller seat and is fixedly connected to a small gear, and the large gear and the small gear mesh and drive each other to drive the long tube to rotate uniformly around its own axis.

[0018] It is worth noting that the drive mechanism adopts a threaded mounting structure of threaded column and large gear, which realizes the smooth transmission of motor output torque; the large gear only meshes with the small gear on one of the roller bodies, and can drive the long tube to rotate through the friction of the driving roller body, while the other roller bodies act as driven wheels, simplifying the transmission structure and reducing manufacturing costs; the position of the large gear can be adjusted along the axial direction of the threaded column to ensure precise meshing with the small gear, eliminating the backlash and noise of gear transmission, and the transmission accuracy can reach 0.01°.

[0019] Preferably, the limiting rolling mechanism includes two third support blocks symmetrically fixed to the upper end of the third bearing block, second inclined blocks respectively fixed to the upper ends of the two third support blocks, a second roller rotatably installed between the two second inclined blocks, and two limiting rings symmetrically fixed to the outer peripheral wall of the second roller; the ends of the two limiting rings on the same side that are close to each other abut against the end faces of the two ends of the long tube respectively.

[0020] It is worth noting that the limiting rolling mechanism not only provides support for the long tube through the second roller, but also axially limits the two end faces of the long tube through two limiting rings fixed to the outer peripheral wall of the second roller. This can effectively prevent the long tube from moving due to spiral thrust or axial vibration during rotation. The amount of movement can be controlled within 0.1mm, ensuring that the welding cylinder is always located in the processing position between the two grinding discs. The second roller and the first roller jointly support the long tube, forming a four-point support structure, which further improves the stability of the long tube during rotation and avoids sagging deformation of the long tube.

[0021] Preferably, the concentric permanent magnet auxiliary mechanism includes a vertical block fixed to the upper end of the fourth bearing block, a horizontal bar fixed to the end of the vertical block facing the grinding table, and a permanent magnet ring fixed to the outer peripheral wall of the horizontal bar; a non-contact gap is left between the outer peripheral wall of the permanent magnet ring and the inner wall of the long tube.

[0022] It is worth noting that the outer surface of the permanent magnet ring has multiple pairs of alternating N and S poles evenly distributed circumferentially, with the magnetic lines of force pointing radially outward, forming a coupled magnetic field with the first and second permanent magnets. This magnetic field generates a uniform radial magnetic attraction on the carbon steel tube, ensuring that the long tube is always constrained by an invisible "magnetic axis" pointing towards the axis during the grinding process. This non-contact centering scheme avoids the problems of easy scratching of the tube wall and easy wear and jamming of traditional contact centering mechanisms, and can effectively suppress the radial runout and serpentine deviation of the long tube, guiding the long tube to feed in a straight line along the axial direction. The machining straightness error can be controlled within 0.5mm / m. The permanent magnet ring adopts a radial multi-pole alternating distribution design, which has the most uniform magnetic field distribution and the best centering effect. 4 poles, 6 poles, or 8 poles can be flexibly selected according to the length and diameter of the pipe.

[0023] The present invention also provides a surface treatment process for precision hardware parts, which employs the precision hardware part surface treatment system described above, and includes the following steps: S1. Manual clamping and positioning: The long tube is manually moved through two sets of support and centering components in sequence, so that the outer peripheral wall of the long tube is supported by the first roller and the second roller at the same time. The welding cylinder in the middle of the long tube is aligned with the processing station between the first grinding disc and the second grinding disc. The permanent magnet ring is inserted into the inner wall of the long tube and maintains a non-contact gap. At the same time, the two limiting rings on the same side abut against the end faces of the two ends of the long tube respectively. S2. Pre-tightening parameter adjustment: The controller controls the electric cylinder to extend, driving the roller seat to rotate around the second hinge seat, so that the roller body presses the outer peripheral wall of the long tube with a set pressure; the controller adjusts the input current of the first electromagnet and the second electromagnet, and sets the buffer stiffness of the two-stage electromagnetic repulsion buffer mechanism. S3. Synchronous Grinding Start: The controller synchronously starts the first motor and the second motor, which drive the first grinding disc and the second grinding disc to rotate synchronously in opposite directions. The chamfers of the outer peripheral walls of the two grinding discs simultaneously fit with the upper and lower edges of the welding cylinder, and double-sided grinding begins. S4. Rotary feed machining: The controller starts the motor, which drives the roller body to rotate through the meshing transmission of the threaded column, large gear and small gear, driving the long tube to rotate at a constant speed around its own axis; during the grinding process, the first roller and the second roller are passively rolled to reduce the rotational resistance of the long tube, the two limit rings restrict the axial movement of the long tube, the two-stage electromagnetic mutual repulsion buffer mechanism adaptively cancels the radial impact load generated by grinding, and the coupling magnetic field of the permanent magnet ring with the first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet forms an invisible magnetic shaft, suppressing the radial runout and serpentine deviation of the long tube until the precision grinding of the entire circumference of the welding cylinder is completed; S5. Material unloading inspection: The controller shuts down all motors and controls the electric cylinder to reverse the action to loosen the long tube from the roller. The long tube is then manually removed, and the surface roughness, roundness, and coaxiality of the welded cylinder are inspected.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. This invention achieves adaptive flexible clamping of long tubes by setting up a roller seat driven by an electric cylinder and a two-stage electromagnetic mutual repulsion buffer mechanism. It solves the problems of easy damage to the tube body by existing rigid clamping and the inability to actively adjust the spring preload. It effectively offsets the radial impact load during the grinding process and protects the surface quality of the tube body. 2. By setting up a concentric permanent magnet auxiliary mechanism, the present invention forms a non-contact radial magnetic field constraint inside the long tube, which forms opposite attraction coupling with the permanent magnet of the external permanent magnet repulsive rolling assembly, generating a uniform radial magnetic attraction force. This fundamentally solves the problem of radial runout and serpentine deviation of the long tube during the grinding process, and controls the machining straightness error within 0.5mm / m. 3. The present invention sets up a first grinding mechanism and a second grinding mechanism arranged symmetrically at the top and bottom. The two grinding discs rotate synchronously in opposite directions to grind the upper and lower edges of the outer peripheral wall of the welding cylinder at the same time. The cutting forces cancel each other out, reducing the torsional torque on the long tube. At the same time, the double-sided synchronous grinding can improve the processing efficiency by 2-3 times. 4. The present invention provides low-friction rolling support for long tubes through the first roller of the auxiliary rolling mechanism and the second roller and limiting ring of the limiting rolling mechanism, and realizes mechanical limiting of axial movement. Combined with electromagnetic mutual repulsion buffer and permanent magnet centering, it forms a multi-protection system of "mechanical support limiting + electromagnetic mutual repulsion buffer + permanent magnet non-contact centering", which greatly improves grinding accuracy and processing stability. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 The diagram shown is a schematic representation of the overall three-dimensional structure of the present invention; Figure 2 The diagram shown is a three-dimensional structural schematic of the first polishing mechanism of the present invention; Figure 3 The diagram shown is a three-dimensional structural schematic of the second polishing mechanism of the present invention. Figure 4 The diagram shown is a three-dimensional structural schematic of the auxiliary rolling mechanism of the present invention; Figure 5 The diagram shown is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of the present invention. Figure 6 The diagram shown is a three-dimensional structural schematic of the limiting rolling mechanism of the present invention; Figure 7 The diagram shown is a three-dimensional structural schematic of the concentric permanent magnet auxiliary mechanism of the present invention. Figure 8 The image shown is a front view of the invention. Figure 9 The diagram shown is a schematic representation of the internal structure of the permanent magnet mutually exclusive rolling assembly of the present invention. Figure 10 The diagram shown is a three-dimensional structural schematic of the drive mechanism of the present invention.

[0026] Reference numerals: 1. Grinding table; 101. First motor; 102. First transmission disc; 103. First rotating rod; 104. Second transmission disc; 105. First transmission belt; 106. Second motor; 107. Third transmission disc; 108. Fixed block; 109. Second rotating rod; 110. Fourth transmission disc; 111. Second transmission belt; 2. Controller; 3. First bearing block; 301. First support block; 302. First inclined block; 303. First roller; 4. Second bearing block; 401. Second support block; 402. Fixed ring; 403. First hinge seat; 404. Electric cylinder; 405. Movable block; 406. Second hinge 407. Roller seat; 408. First permanent magnet; 409. First electromagnet; 410. Roller body; 411. Small gear; 412. Second electromagnet; 413. Second permanent magnet; 414. Fixed seat; 415. Motor; 416. Threaded column; 417. Large gear; 5. Third bearing block; 501. Third support block; 502. Second inclined block; 503. Second roller; 504. Limiting ring; 6. Fourth bearing block; 601. Vertical block; 602. Crossbar; 603. Permanent magnet ring; 7. Long tube; 701. Welded cylinder; 8. Lower plate body; 9. First grinding disc; 10. Upper plate body; 11. Second grinding disc. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] To address the problems in existing technologies, such as large radial runout, severe serpentine deviation, easy damage to the tube body due to rigid clamping, ineffective limitation of axial movement, and low grinding efficiency during the grinding of welded cylinders in the middle of long tubes, the following technical solution is proposed. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figures 1 to 10 .

[0029] A precision hardware surface treatment system is used to perform surface grinding on the welded cylinder 701 in the middle of a long tube 7. The system includes a grinding table 1, a controller 2 fixed to the side wall of the grinding table 1, a first grinding mechanism and a second grinding mechanism respectively installed on the lower and upper parts of the grinding table 1, and two sets of support and centering components symmetrically arranged on both sides of the grinding table 1. Each set of support and centering components includes a first bearing block 3, a second bearing block 4, a third bearing block 5 and a fourth bearing block 6 in sequence from near to far along the axial direction of the long tube 7.

[0030] In this embodiment, specifically, the first grinding mechanism includes a first motor 101 fixed to the lower part of the side wall of the grinding table 1, a first transmission disk 102 fixed to the lower end of the output shaft of the first motor 101, a first rotating rod 103 rotatably mounted through the middle of the grinding table 1, a second transmission disk 104 fixed to the lower end of the first rotating rod 103, a first transmission belt 105 sleeved on the outer peripheral wall of the first transmission disk 102 and the second transmission disk 104, a lower disk body 8 fixed to the upper end of the first rotating rod 103, and a first grinding disk 9 detachably mounted to the upper end of the lower disk body 8 by bolts and nuts.

[0031] In this embodiment, specifically, the second grinding mechanism includes a second motor 106 fixed to the upper part of the side wall of the grinding table 1, a third transmission disk 107 fixed to the upper end of the output shaft of the second motor 106, a fixing block 108 fixed to the side wall of the grinding table 1, a second rotating rod 109 rotatably mounted through the fixing block 108, a fourth transmission disk 110 fixed to the upper end of the second rotating rod 109, a second transmission belt 111 sleeved on the outer peripheral walls of the third transmission disk 107 and the fourth transmission disk 110, an upper disk body 10 fixed to the lower end of the second rotating rod 109, and a second grinding disk 11 detachably mounted to the lower end of the upper disk body 10 by bolts and nuts. The outer peripheral walls of the first grinding disk 9 and the second grinding disk 11 are both chamfered, and the two chamfers are respectively attached to the upper and lower edges of the outer peripheral wall of the welding cylinder 701.

[0032] In this embodiment, specifically, the auxiliary rolling mechanism includes two first support blocks 301 symmetrically fixed to the upper end of the first bearing block 3, first inclined blocks 302 respectively fixed to the upper ends of the two first support blocks 301, and a first roller 303 rotatably installed between the two first inclined blocks 302; the outer peripheral wall of the first roller 303 rolls and fits against the outer peripheral wall of the long tube 7.

[0033] In this embodiment, specifically, the permanent magnet repulsive rolling assembly includes two second support blocks 401 symmetrically fixed to the upper end of the second bearing block 4, a fixed ring 402 jointly fixed to the upper end of the two second support blocks 401, three first hinge seats 403 uniformly fixed to the inner wall of the fixed ring 402 along the circumference, an electric cylinder 404 respectively hinged to each first hinge seat 403, a movable block 405 fixed to the output shaft of the electric cylinder 404, three second hinge seats 406 uniformly fixed to the inner wall of the fixed ring 402 along the circumference, a roller seat 407 respectively hinged to each second hinge seat 406, and a roller body 410 rotatably installed in the roller seat 407; the movable block 405 is hinged to the middle part of the roller seat 407.

[0034] In this embodiment, specifically, the first-stage electromagnetic repulsion buffer mechanism includes a first permanent magnet 408 fixed to the end of the roller seat 407 away from the electric cylinder 404, and a first electromagnet 409 fixed to the inner wall of the fixed ring 402 and opposite to the first permanent magnet 408 with the same pole; the second-stage electromagnetic repulsion buffer mechanism includes a second permanent magnet 413 fixed to the end of the roller seat 407 facing the movable block 405, and a second electromagnet 412 fixed to the side wall of the movable block 405 and opposite to the second permanent magnet 413 with the same pole; the first electromagnet 409 and the second electromagnet 412 are both electrically connected to the controller 2; the first permanent magnet 408 and the second permanent magnet 413 are the permanent magnets in the permanent magnet repulsion rolling assembly.

[0035] In this embodiment, specifically, the inner wall of the fixed ring 402 is provided with a driving mechanism, which includes a fixed seat 414 fixed to the inner wall of the fixed ring 402, a motor 415 fixed to the inner wall of the fixed seat 414, a threaded post 416 fixed to the output shaft of the motor 415, and a large gear 417 threaded onto the outer peripheral wall of the threaded post 416; the rotating shaft of one of the roller bodies 410 extends to the outside of the roller seat 407 and is fixedly connected to a small gear 411, and the large gear 417 meshes with the small gear 411 for transmission.

[0036] In this embodiment, specifically, the limiting rolling mechanism includes two third support blocks 501 symmetrically fixed to the upper end of the third bearing block 5, second inclined blocks 502 respectively fixed to the upper ends of the two third support blocks 501, a second roller 503 rotatably installed between the two second inclined blocks 502, and two limiting rings 504 symmetrically fixed to the outer peripheral wall of the second roller 503; the ends of the two limiting rings 504 on the same side that are close to each other abut against the end faces of the two ends of the long tube 7 respectively.

[0037] In this embodiment, specifically, the concentric permanent magnet auxiliary mechanism includes a vertical block 601 fixed to the upper end of the fourth bearing block 6, a horizontal bar 602 fixed to the end of the vertical block 601 facing the grinding table 1, and a permanent magnet ring 603 fixed to the outer peripheral wall of the horizontal bar 602; a non-contact gap is left between the outer peripheral wall of the permanent magnet ring 603 and the inner wall of the long tube 7.

[0038] The present invention also provides a surface treatment process for precision hardware parts, which employs the precision hardware part surface treatment system described above, and includes the following steps: S1. Manual clamping and positioning: The long tube 7 is manually moved through two sets of support and centering components in sequence, so that the outer peripheral wall of the long tube 7 is supported by the first roller 303 and the second roller 503 at the same time. The welding cylinder 701 in the middle of the long tube 7 is aligned with the processing position between the first grinding disc 9 and the second grinding disc 11. The permanent magnet ring 603 is inserted into the inner wall of the long tube 7 and maintains a non-contact gap. At the same time, the two limiting rings 504 on the same side abut against the end faces of the two ends of the long tube 7 respectively. S2. Pre-tightening parameter adjustment: The controller 2 controls the electric cylinder 404 to extend, driving the roller seat 407 to rotate around the second hinge seat 406, so that the roller body 410 presses the outer peripheral wall of the long tube 7 with a set pressure; the controller 2 adjusts the input current of the first electromagnet 409 and the second electromagnet 412 to set the buffer stiffness of the two-stage electromagnetic repulsion buffer mechanism. S3. Synchronous grinding start: Controller 2 synchronously starts the first motor 101 and the second motor 106, which drive the first grinding disc 9 and the second grinding disc 11 to rotate synchronously in opposite directions. The chamfers of the outer peripheral walls of the two grinding discs simultaneously fit with the upper and lower edges of the welding cylinder 701, and double-sided grinding begins. S4. Rotary feed machining: The controller 2 starts the motor 415, which drives the roller body 410 to rotate through the meshing transmission of the threaded column 416, the large gear 417 and the small gear 411, driving the long tube 7 to rotate at a constant speed around its own axis; during the grinding process, the first roller 303 and the second roller 503 are passively rolled to reduce the rotational resistance of the long tube 7, the two limit rings 504 restrict the axial movement of the long tube 7, the two-stage electromagnetic mutual repulsion buffer mechanism adaptively cancels the radial impact load generated by grinding, and the coupling magnetic field of the permanent magnet ring 603 with the first permanent magnet 408 and the second permanent magnet 413 forms an invisible magnetic shaft to suppress the radial runout and serpentine deviation of the long tube 7 until the precision grinding of the entire circumference of the welding cylinder 701 is completed; S5. Material unloading inspection: Controller 2 shuts down all motors and controls the electric cylinder 404 to reverse the action so that the roller body 410 releases the long tube 7. The long tube 7 is then manually removed, and the surface roughness, roundness, and coaxiality of the welding cylinder 701 are inspected.

[0039] Working principle: During use, the operator first performs manual clamping and positioning: the long tube 7 to be processed is passed through two sets of support and centering components in sequence, so that the outer peripheral wall of the long tube 7 is supported on the first roller 303 and the second roller 503 at the same time. The welding cylinder 701 in the middle of the long tube 7 is aligned with the processing position between the first grinding disc 9 and the second grinding disc 11. The permanent magnet ring 603 is inserted into the inner wall of the long tube 7 and maintains a non-contact gap of about 5-20mm. At the same time, the two limiting rings 504 abut against the end faces of the two ends of the long tube 7 respectively to complete the axial limiting. Subsequently, the pre-tightening parameters are adjusted by the controller 2: the controller 2 controls the electric cylinder 404 to extend, the electric cylinder 404 pushes the movable block 405, the movable block 405 drives the roller seat 407 to rotate around the second hinge seat 406, so that the roller body 410 presses the outer peripheral wall of the long tube 7 with a set pressure. At the same time, the controller 2 adjusts the input current of the first electromagnet 409 and the second electromagnet 412, and sets the buffer stiffness of the two-stage electromagnetic repulsion buffer mechanism. The first permanent magnet 408 and the first electromagnet 409 with the same poles generate a repulsive force, and the second permanent magnet 413 and the second electromagnet 412 with the same poles generate a repulsive force. The two-stage repulsive forces together determine the clamping force characteristics of the roller body 410 on the long tube 7. Next, synchronous grinding is started: controller 2 synchronously starts the first motor 101 and the second motor 106. The first motor 101 drives the first grinding disc 9 to rotate counterclockwise through the first transmission belt 105, and the second motor 106 drives the second grinding disc 11 to rotate clockwise through the second transmission belt 111. The two grinding discs rotate synchronously in opposite directions, and the chamfer of their outer peripheral walls simultaneously fits with the upper and lower edges of the welding cylinder 701, and double-sided grinding begins. Then, rotary feed machining is performed: Controller 2 starts motor 415, which drives threaded column 416 to rotate. Threaded column 416 drives large gear 417 to rotate. Large gear 417 meshes with small gear 411, driving drive roller body 410 to rotate. Through friction, long tube 7 rotates uniformly around its own axis. During grinding, first roller 303 and second roller 503 passively roll to reduce the rotational resistance of long tube 7; two limiting rings 504 restrict the axial movement of long tube 7; a two-stage electromagnetic repulsion buffer mechanism adaptively adjusts the clamping force according to the fluctuation of grinding force to counteract radial impact load; the coupled magnetic field of permanent magnet ring 603 with first permanent magnet 408 and second permanent magnet 413 forms an invisible radial magnetic axis, suppressing radial runout and serpentine deviation of long tube 7. After long tube 7 rotates one revolution, the precision grinding of the entire circumference of welding cylinder 701 is completed. Finally, the material unloading inspection is carried out: Controller 2 shuts down all motors and controls the electric cylinder 404 to reverse the action so that the roller body 410 releases the long tube 7. The long tube 7 is then manually removed, and the surface roughness, roundness and coaxiality of the welding cylinder 701 are inspected. If it passes the inspection, it is transferred to the next process.

[0040] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0041] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention.

Claims

1. A precision hardware surface treatment system for surface grinding of the welded cylinder (701) in the middle of a long tube (7), characterized in that, It includes a grinding table (1), a controller (2) fixed to the side wall of the grinding table (1), a first grinding mechanism and a second grinding mechanism respectively installed on the lower and upper parts of the grinding table (1), and two sets of support and centering components symmetrically arranged on both sides of the grinding table (1); each set of support and centering components includes a first bearing block (3), a second bearing block (4), a third bearing block (5) and a fourth bearing block (6) in sequence from near to far along the axial direction of the long tube (7); The upper end of the first bearing block (3) is provided with an auxiliary rolling mechanism for supporting the long tube (7) and reducing motion resistance; The upper end of the second bearing block (4) is provided with a permanent magnet mutual repulsion rolling assembly, including a roller body (410) for radially clamping the long tube (7), and a first-stage electromagnetic mutual repulsion buffer mechanism and a second-stage electromagnetic mutual repulsion buffer mechanism respectively disposed at both ends of the roller seat (407). The upper end of the third bearing block (5) is provided with a limiting rolling mechanism for restricting the axial movement of the long tube (7); The fourth bearing block (6) is provided with a concentric permanent magnet auxiliary mechanism, including a permanent magnet ring (603) coaxially arranged with the long tube (7). Multiple pairs of alternating N poles and S poles are evenly distributed on its outer surface along the circumference. The magnetic lines of force are radially outward, forming a coupling magnetic field of opposite attraction with the permanent magnet in the permanent magnet mutual repulsion rolling assembly, generating a uniform radial magnetic attraction force on the long tube (7). The first grinding mechanism and the second grinding mechanism are located on the upper and lower sides of the welding cylinder (701) in the middle of the long tube (7), respectively, and are used to perform synchronous double-sided grinding on the outer peripheral wall of the welding cylinder (701).

2. The precision hardware surface treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first grinding mechanism includes a first motor (101) fixed to the lower part of the side wall of the grinding table (1), a first transmission disk (102) fixed to the lower end of the output shaft of the first motor (101), a first rotating rod (103) rotatably mounted through the middle of the grinding table (1), a second transmission disk (104) fixed to the lower end of the first rotating rod (103), a first transmission belt (105) sleeved on the outer peripheral wall of the first transmission disk (102) and the second transmission disk (104), a lower plate body (8) fixed to the upper end of the first rotating rod (103), and a first grinding disk (9) detachably mounted to the upper end of the lower plate body (8) by bolts and nuts.

3. The precision hardware surface treatment system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The second grinding mechanism includes a second motor (106) fixed to the upper part of the side wall of the grinding table (1), a third transmission disc (107) fixed to the upper end of the output shaft of the second motor (106), a fixed block (108) fixed to the side wall of the grinding table (1), a second rotating rod (109) rotatably installed in the fixed block (108), a fourth transmission disc (110) fixed to the upper end of the second rotating rod (109), a second transmission belt (111) sleeved on the outer peripheral wall of the third transmission disc (107) and the fourth transmission disc (110), an upper disc body (10) fixed to the lower end of the second rotating rod (109), and a second grinding disc (11) detachably installed at the lower end of the upper disc body (10) by bolts and nuts; the outer peripheral walls of the first grinding disc (9) and the second grinding disc (11) are both chamfered, and the two chamfers are respectively attached to the upper and lower edges of the outer peripheral wall of the welding cylinder (701).

4. The precision hardware surface treatment system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The auxiliary rolling mechanism includes two first support blocks (301) symmetrically fixed to the upper end of the first bearing block (3), a first inclined block (302) respectively fixed to the upper end of the two first support blocks (301), and a first roller (303) rotatably installed between the two first inclined blocks (302); the outer peripheral wall of the first roller (303) rolls and fits against the outer peripheral wall of the long tube (7).

5. The precision hardware surface treatment system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The permanent magnet repulsive rolling assembly includes two second support blocks (401) symmetrically fixed to the upper end of the second bearing block (4), a fixed ring (402) jointly fixed to the upper end of the two second support blocks (401), a plurality of first hinge seats (403) uniformly fixed to the inner wall of the fixed ring (402) along the circumference, an electric cylinder (404) respectively hinged to each first hinge seat (403), a movable block (405) fixed to the output shaft of the electric cylinder (404), a plurality of second hinge seats (406) uniformly fixed to the inner wall of the fixed ring (402) along the circumference, a roller seat (407) respectively hinged to each second hinge seat (406), and a roller body (410) rotatably installed in the roller seat (407); the movable block (405) is hinged to the middle of the roller seat (407).

6. The precision hardware surface treatment system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first-stage electromagnetic repulsion buffer mechanism includes a first permanent magnet (408) fixed to the end of the roller seat (407) away from the electric cylinder (404), and a first electromagnet (409) fixed to the inner wall of the fixed ring (402) and opposite to the first permanent magnet (408) with the same pole; the second-stage electromagnetic repulsion buffer mechanism includes a second permanent magnet (413) fixed to the end of the roller seat (407) facing the movable block (405), and a second electromagnet (412) fixed to the side wall of the movable block (405) and opposite to the second permanent magnet (413) with the same pole; the first electromagnet (409) and the second electromagnet (412) are both electrically connected to the controller (2).

7. The precision hardware surface treatment system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The inner wall of the fixed ring (402) is provided with a driving mechanism, which includes a fixed seat (414) fixed to the inner wall of the fixed ring (402), a motor (415) fixed to the inner wall of the fixed seat (414), a threaded column (416) fixed to the output shaft of the motor (415), and a large gear (417) threaded onto the outer peripheral wall of the threaded column (416); the shaft of one of the roller bodies (410) extends to the outside of the roller seat (407) and is fixed with a small gear (411). The large gear (417) meshes with the small gear (411) to drive the long tube (7) to rotate at a constant speed around its own axis.

8. The precision hardware surface treatment system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The limiting rolling mechanism includes two third support blocks (501) symmetrically fixed to the upper end of the third bearing block (5), two second inclined blocks (502) respectively fixed to the upper end of the two third support blocks (501), a second roller (503) rotatably installed between the two second inclined blocks (502), and two limiting rings (504) symmetrically fixed to the outer peripheral wall of the second roller (503); the two limiting rings (504) on the same side approach each other at one end and abut against the two end faces of the long tube (7).

9. The precision hardware surface treatment system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The concentric permanent magnet auxiliary mechanism includes a vertical block (601) fixed to the upper end of the fourth bearing block (6), a horizontal bar (602) fixed to the end of the vertical block (601) facing the grinding table (1), and a permanent magnet ring (603) fixed to the outer peripheral wall of the horizontal bar (602); a non-contact gap is left between the outer peripheral wall of the permanent magnet ring (603) and the inner wall of the long tube (7).

10. A surface treatment process for precision hardware parts, characterized in that, The precision hardware surface treatment system according to claim 9 includes the following steps: S1. Manual clamping and positioning: The long tube (7) is manually moved through two sets of support and centering components in sequence, so that the outer peripheral wall of the long tube (7) is supported by the first roller (303) and the second roller (503) at the same time. The welding cylinder (701) in the middle of the long tube (7) is aligned with the processing station between the first grinding disc (9) and the second grinding disc (11). The permanent magnet ring (603) is inserted into the inner wall of the long tube (7) and maintains a non-contact gap. At the same time, the two limiting rings (504) on the same side abut against the end faces of the two ends of the long tube (7) respectively. S2, Pre-tightening parameter adjustment: The controller (2) controls the electric cylinder (404) to extend, driving the roller seat (407) to rotate around the second hinge seat (406), so that the roller body (410) presses the outer peripheral wall of the long tube (7) with a set pressure; the controller (2) adjusts the input current of the first electromagnet (409) and the second electromagnet (412) to set the buffer stiffness of the two-stage electromagnetic repulsion buffer mechanism; S3. Synchronous grinding start: The controller (2) synchronously starts the first motor (101) and the second motor (106), respectively driving the first grinding disc (9) and the second grinding disc (11) to rotate synchronously in opposite directions. The chamfers of the outer peripheral walls of the two grinding discs simultaneously fit with the upper and lower edges of the welding cylinder (701) to start double-sided grinding. S4. Rotary feed machining: The controller (2) starts the motor (415), which drives the roller body (410) to rotate through the meshing transmission of the threaded column (416), the large gear (417) and the small gear (411), driving the long tube (7) to rotate at a constant speed around its own axis; During the grinding process, the first roller (303) and the second roller (503) roll passively to reduce the rotational resistance of the long tube (7), the two limit rings (504) restrict the axial movement of the long tube (7), the two-stage electromagnetic mutual repulsion buffer mechanism adaptively cancels the radial impact load generated by grinding, and the permanent magnet ring (603) and the first permanent magnet (408) and the second permanent magnet (413) form an invisible magnetic shaft to suppress the radial jump and serpentine deviation of the long tube (7) until the precision grinding of the entire circumference of the welding cylinder (701) is completed; S5. Material unloading inspection: The controller (2) shuts down all motors and controls the electric cylinder (404) to reverse the action so that the roller body (410) releases the long tube (7). The long tube (7) is manually removed, and the surface roughness, roundness and coaxiality of the welding cylinder (701) are inspected.

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