Double-belt constant force floating grinding and polishing machine

Abstract

The application discloses a double-row sand belt constant force floating grinding and polishing machine, which comprises a rough grinding assembly, a fine polishing assembly, a driving assembly, a sand belt pneumatic tensioning and deviation rectifying assembly and a constant force floating magnetic force executing assembly. The rough grinding assembly and the fine polishing assembly are symmetrically arranged, the rough grinding assembly and the fine polishing assembly are simultaneously driven to synchronously run by the same driving assembly, and two sand belts can be respectively loaded with sand belts of different particle size specifications. The double-row sand belt structure allows continuous machining of two processes of rough grinding and fine polishing to be sequentially completed under the condition of one-time clamping, and the sand belt does not need to be replaced or the workpiece does not need to be re-clamped after the rough grinding is completed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of belt abrasive technology, and more particularly to a double-row belt constant force floating polishing machine. Background Technology

[0002] In modern manufacturing fields such as hardware processing, automotive parts, 3C electronics, aerospace, and medical devices, grinding, polishing, and wire drawing of workpiece surfaces are core processes that determine the final quality, service life, and appearance of products. As downstream industries place increasingly stringent demands on product precision, surface finish, and consistency, automated grinding and polishing equipment has become the mainstream trend to replace traditional manual operations.

[0003] Currently, most mainstream automated grinding and polishing equipment uses a single-belt grinding mechanism. According to the inventor's analysis, the existing technology has at least the following significant shortcomings: (1) Limited functionality and poor processing adaptability. Single-row abrasive belts are limited by the fact that they can only install a single grit size abrasive belt, and can only complete one process between rough grinding (coarse grinding) and fine polishing (fine polishing). In actual processing, workpieces often need to be rough polished first to remove surface excess and eliminate scratches, and then fine grinding is performed to obtain the required surface finish. With single-row abrasive belt equipment, the operator needs to stop the machine to change the abrasive belt after rough polishing, re-clamp the workpiece or adjust the equipment parameters before the fine grinding process can be carried out. The process switching causes the processing flow to be interrupted, which not only increases the auxiliary time, but also introduces positioning errors due to repeated clamping, affecting the consistency of processing accuracy.

[0004] (2) Abrasive belts are prone to deviation during high-speed operation. The main reasons for abrasive belt deviation include: inconsistent circumference and uneven thickness at the joint due to manufacturing errors of the abrasive belt itself; insufficient installation accuracy of the grinding roller or wear after long-term use; lateral force disturbance generated by the workpiece on the abrasive belt during grinding; and changes in the coefficient of friction between the abrasive belt and the roller. Once the abrasive belt deviates, it will not only lead to a decrease in grinding accuracy and deterioration of workpiece surface quality, but in severe cases, it will also cause wear or even tearing of the abrasive belt edge, forcing the machine to stop and replace the abrasive belt, which seriously affects production efficiency and processing costs.

[0005] To address the problem of belt misalignment, various belt alignment devices have been developed in existing technologies. Classified by driving method, they mainly fall into three categories: mechanical alignment devices, electric alignment devices, and pneumatic alignment devices.

[0006] Mechanical alignment devices mostly employ purely mechanical structures such as springs, rocker arms, and guide wheels, relying on the contact force between the abrasive belt and the guide wheel for passive alignment. These devices are simple in structure and low in cost, but their alignment accuracy is limited, their response is significantly delayed, and the continuous contact between the guide wheel and the edge of the abrasive belt accelerates belt wear, making it difficult to meet the requirements of high-speed, high-precision grinding.

[0007] Electric belt alignment devices typically consist of a motor, a lead screw and nut mechanism, or a worm gear mechanism. After a sensor detects the position of the belt, the control system drives the motor to actively correct the belt alignment. Electric belt alignment devices offer high accuracy, but they are complex in structure, large in size, and have a relatively slow response time. Furthermore, the motor and transmission mechanism have a high failure rate in dusty environments, resulting in significant maintenance costs.

[0008] Pneumatic belt alignment devices utilize cylinders as actuators, using compressed air to drive the alignment rollers or tension rollers to oscillate, thereby achieving belt alignment adjustment. Pneumatic belt alignment devices offer advantages such as relatively simple structure, fast response speed, high output force, and good environmental adaptability, and have gained increasing application in recent years.

[0009] Regarding belt tensioning, existing technologies mainly employ three methods: manual tensioning, counterweight tensioning, and pneumatic tensioning. Manual tensioning relies on the operator's experience and judgment, making it difficult to precisely control the tension force and adjust it in real time. While counterweight tensioning can provide a relatively constant tension force, the device is bulky, occupies a large space, and the tension force is inconvenient to adjust. Pneumatic tensioning, on the other hand, provides tension force through cylinders or pneumatic tendons, offering advantages such as adjustable tension force, rapid response, and compact structure.

[0010] Currently, the tensioning and correction functions in existing belt grinding equipment are often performed by separate mechanisms. The tensioning mechanism is responsible for providing and maintaining the tension of the belt, while the correction mechanism is responsible for detecting and correcting the belt's trajectory. This separate design has the following drawbacks: First, the tensioning and correction mechanisms each require independent actuators, installation space, and control systems, resulting in complex equipment structures, large size, and high manufacturing costs. Second, there is a lack of coordination between the tension and correction actions; changes in tension may affect the correction effect, and conversely, the correction action may also cause tension fluctuations, leading to mutual interference and affecting the overall stability of the system.

[0011] (3) Low pressure control accuracy makes it difficult to adapt to complex working conditions. Traditional pneumatic or hydraulic pressurization systems rely on regulating valves to set fixed pressures, but the workpiece surface often has dimensional tolerances and clamping and positioning deviations, causing the actual contact pressure to change drastically with the fluctuation of the workpiece shape. Excessive pressure can easily cause overcutting, burning, or premature abrasive shedding, while insufficient pressure reduces efficiency or even prevents effective grinding, ultimately affecting surface quality and dimensional consistency. Insufficient passive adaptability makes it impossible to automatically compensate for errors. Although some existing floating grinding heads use springs or rubber damping elements to achieve limited floating, their stiffness is fixed, the response is lag, and the elastic force changes significantly with the increase of stroke, making it difficult to maintain a constant contact force over a large stroke range. For scenarios with large fluctuations in workpiece size during mass production, frequent manual adjustments or fixture replacements are required, which seriously affects the continuity and yield of automated production lines.

[0012] (4) Fixed processing posture makes it difficult to meet the processing requirements of complex-shaped workpieces. The installation angle and contact posture of existing grinding and polishing mechanisms are usually relatively fixed, making it difficult to achieve flexible orientation adjustment. For workpieces with deep grooves, side walls, inner holes or complex curved surfaces, the fixed processing posture makes it impossible for the abrasive belt to effectively fit the area to be processed. It is often necessary to use complex positioners or multi-axis robots for compensation, which not only increases the complexity and cost of the system, but also limits the application scenarios of the equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0013] Based on the above, the purpose of this invention is to provide a double-row sanding belt constant force floating grinding and polishing machine that simultaneously achieves coarse grinding and fine polishing; it integrates tensioning and correction functions into one unit, enabling precise pneumatic tensioning and correction of the sanding belt; through the combined effect of pneumatic pre-pressure and magnetic levitation, it achieves adaptive floating grinding, effectively solving the defects of pressure fluctuation, vibration impact and insufficient error compensation in the prior art.

[0014] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: This invention provides a double-row sand belt constant force floating polishing machine, comprising: The mounting base plate is configured to rotate. A coarse grinding assembly, which is mounted on the mounting base plate, is used for coarse grinding; A fine polishing assembly, which is mounted on the mounting base plate, is used for fine polishing; A drive component is mounted on the mounting base plate, and its output end is connected to the coarse grinding component and the fine polishing component, driving the coarse grinding component and the fine polishing component to perform synchronous grinding; The abrasive belt pneumatic tensioning and correction assembly is mounted on the mounting base plate and includes two sets, which are used for tensioning and correction of the coarse grinding assembly and the fine polishing assembly, respectively. A constant force floating magnetic actuator is mounted on the mounting base plate and includes two sets, which are used for adaptive floating grinding of the coarse grinding assembly and the fine polishing assembly, respectively.

[0015] Preferably, the drive assembly includes a main drive motor, and the output end of the main drive motor is provided with a main drive wheel; The coarse grinding assembly includes a coarse grinding drive wheel, and the fine polishing assembly includes a fine polishing drive wheel; The main drive wheel, the coarse grinding drive wheel, and the fine polishing drive wheel are fitted with a main synchronous belt. The main drive motor drives the main drive wheel to rotate, thereby driving the coarse grinding drive wheel and the fine polishing drive wheel to rotate synchronously.

[0016] Preferably, the mounting base plate is further provided with a coarse grinding drive shaft; The coarse grinding drive wheel is mounted on the coarse grinding drive shaft; The coarse grinding assembly also includes a coarse grinding belt drive wheel, a coarse grinding belt follower wheel group, and a coarse grinding belt; The coarse grinding belt drive wheel is mounted on the coarse grinding drive shaft and is located above the coarse grinding drive wheel; The coarse abrasive belt is mounted on the mounting base plate and rotates with the follower wheel assembly. The coarse abrasive belt passes around the coarse abrasive belt drive pulley and the coarse abrasive belt follower pulley assembly.

[0017] Preferably, the coarse abrasive belt follower wheel assembly includes a first coarse abrasive belt follower wheel, a second coarse abrasive belt follower wheel, and a third coarse abrasive belt follower wheel; The coarse abrasive belt passes around the coarse abrasive belt drive wheel, the first coarse abrasive belt follower wheel, the second coarse abrasive belt follower wheel, and the third coarse abrasive belt follower wheel.

[0018] Preferably, the mounting base plate is further provided with a fine polishing drive shaft; The fine polishing drive wheel is mounted on the fine polishing drive shaft; The fine polishing assembly also includes a fine polishing belt drive wheel, a fine polishing belt follower wheel group, and a fine polishing belt; The fine polishing belt drive wheel is mounted on the fine polishing drive shaft and is located above the fine polishing drive wheel; The fine sanding belt is mounted on the mounting base plate and rotates with the follower wheel assembly. The fine sanding belt passes around the fine sanding belt drive wheel and the fine sanding belt follower wheel assembly.

[0019] Preferably, the fine sanding belt follower wheel assembly includes a first fine sanding belt follower wheel, a second fine sanding belt follower wheel, and a third fine sanding belt follower wheel; The fine sanding belt passes around the fine sanding belt drive wheel, the first fine sanding belt follower wheel, the second fine sanding belt follower wheel, and the third fine sanding belt follower wheel.

[0020] Preferably, the tensioning and correction device includes a tensioning cylinder and a tensioning and correction section; One end of the tensioning and correction part is rotatably connected to the output end of the tensioning cylinder, and the other end is rotatably provided with a tensioning and correction wheel. The middle part is rotatably connected to a first rotating shaft, and the bottom of the first rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the mounting base plate. The tensioning cylinder can drive the tensioning and correction part to swing around the first rotating shaft. The tensioning and correction part is also equipped with an adjustable screw, which can adjust the tilt angle of the tensioning and correction wheel.

[0021] Preferably, a rotating plate is rotatably mounted on the tensioning and correction part, and the tensioning and correction wheel is rotatably mounted on the rotating plate.

[0022] Preferably, the tensioning and correction part is provided with a second rotating shaft, and the rotating plate is rotatably connected to the tensioning and correction part through the second rotating shaft.

[0023] Preferably, the adjustable screw is disposed on the rotating plate and located on the side away from the second rotating shaft. The adjustable screw is threadedly connected to the rotating plate, and the bottom of the adjustable screw abuts against the tensioning and correcting part.

[0024] Preferably, the tensioning and correction part is provided with a first mounting groove; The rotating plate is rotatably connected to the first mounting slot.

[0025] Preferably, the output end of the tensioning cylinder is connected to an adapter, the output end of the tensioning cylinder is rotatably connected to one end of the adapter, and the other end of the adapter is rotatably connected to the tensioning correction part; The tensioning cylinder is located on the side of the tensioning and correction section away from the sanding belt; The mounting base plate is provided with a mounting seat, and the tensioning cylinder is mounted on the mounting seat.

[0026] Preferably, the pneumatic tensioning and correction assembly for the sanding belt includes a movable cylinder, the output end of which is provided with a fixed base, and a grinding slide is provided on the fixed base, the grinding slide being able to move away from or close to the fixed base; A permanent magnet assembly includes a first magnet and a second magnet. The first magnet is fixedly mounted on the fixed base, and the second magnet is fixedly mounted on the grinding slide. The first magnet and the second magnet are spaced apart with their same magnetic poles facing each other. The side of the grinding slide away from the movable cylinder is in contact with the inner side of the sanding belt.

[0027] Preferably, the fixed base includes a fixed base plate, and connecting plates are provided on the front sides of both sides of the fixed base plate. Baffles are provided on the two connecting plates in the direction of the center of the two connecting plates. An opening structure is formed between the two baffles. The fixed base plate, the connecting plates and the baffles form a sliding groove. The front side of the sliding groove is connected to the opening structure between the two baffles. The top and bottom of the sliding groove are both opening structures. The top and bottom of the chute are respectively provided with a detachable first sealing plate and a second sealing plate.

[0028] Preferably, the first magnet is disposed on the front side of the center of the fixed base plate and is located within the groove.

[0029] Preferably, the first magnet has a first connecting hole at its center, and the fixed base plate has a second connecting hole at its center. The first magnet is connected to the fixed base plate by a first screw passing through the first connecting hole and the second connecting hole.

[0030] Preferably, the grinding slide includes a slide body, and two sliding plates are provided on the rear sides of the slide body. The two sliding plates are located in the slide groove, and the slide body passes through the opening structure between the two baffles. The slide plate is located behind the baffle and can move back and forth within the groove.

[0031] Preferably, a second mounting groove is provided inside the slide body, the second magnet is disposed in the second mounting groove, and the second magnet is located in front of the first magnet.

[0032] Preferably, the slide body has a fourth connecting hole, and the second magnet has a third connecting hole. The second magnet and the slide body are connected by a second screw passing through the third connecting hole and the fourth connecting hole.

[0033] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: (1) This invention employs a symmetrically arranged coarse grinding component and a fine polishing component, which are driven simultaneously by the same drive component, allowing the two abrasive belts to carry abrasive belts of different grit sizes. This double-row abrasive belt structure allows for continuous processing of coarse grinding and fine polishing in a single clamping condition, eliminating the need to stop the machine to change the abrasive belt or re-clamp the workpiece after coarse grinding. The switching time between coarse grinding and fine polishing is zero, completely eliminating the auxiliary time required for process switching in traditional equipment and improving processing efficiency. Furthermore, traditional single-abrasive belt equipment requires re-clamping the workpiece when switching between coarse grinding and fine polishing processes. Two clamping operations inevitably introduce positioning errors, directly affecting the connection accuracy between the coarse grinding and fine polishing areas and the final dimensional consistency. In this invention, the workpiece can complete all processing in a single clamping operation, and coarse grinding and fine polishing are completed continuously under the same reference, fundamentally eliminating the positioning errors introduced by multiple clamping operations. In addition, by using a single drive component to drive the coarse grinding component and the fine polishing component simultaneously, the equipment is smaller and lighter than two independent devices or a dual-drive system.

[0034] (2) This invention directly drives the tensioning and correction unit to swing around the first rotating shaft through a tensioning cylinder to achieve the tensioning function of the sanding belt. At the same time, an adjustable screw is set on the tensioning and correction unit. By adjusting the adjustable screw, the tilt angle of the tensioning and correction wheel is changed to achieve the correction function of the sanding belt. That is, the tensioning function and the correction function are integrated into the same device, and the tensioning and correction unit undertakes the dual tasks of tensioning and correction. Furthermore, by setting the adjustable screw, the tilt angle of the tensioning and correction wheel can be independently fine-tuned. The operation is simple and quick. The correction angle can be set independently while the tension is kept constant. The correction accuracy is high. It avoids the mutual interference between tension adjustment and correction adjustment. It effectively solves the problem of poor system stability caused by the mutual interference between tension and correction action in the traditional separate design, and improves the stability and reliability of sanding belt operation. Furthermore, by setting up an adapter to rotatably connect the output end of the tensioning cylinder to the tensioning and correction part, a linkage-type transmission structure is formed, which can smoothly convert the linear reciprocating motion of the tensioning cylinder into the oscillating motion of the tensioning and correction part, and the motion transmission is smooth and reliable.

[0035] (3) In this invention, the movable cylinder outputs a stable basic grinding thrust, pushing the abrasive belt towards the workpiece. At the same time, the permanent magnet repulsion force generated by the opposite magnetic poles of the first and second magnets forms a suspension support, which constitutes a composite buoyancy system. When the workpiece surface exhibits dimensional fluctuations, the grinding slide moves back and forth with the workpiece shape, and the spacing between the permanent magnets changes accordingly. The repulsive force automatically increases or decreases, thereby compensating for displacement changes in real time. This ensures that the contact pressure between the abrasive belt and the workpiece remains stable, avoiding sudden changes in pressure due to workpiece dimensional fluctuations, and significantly improving the uniformity and dimensional accuracy of the grinding surface. Furthermore, the grinding slide can slide away from or near the fixed base. When encountering a workpiece protrusion or grinding vibration, the slide automatically retracts backward, the spacing between the permanent magnets decreases, and the repulsive force increases sharply, generating a forward compensating thrust. When encountering a workpiece depression, the slide automatically extends forward, the spacing between the permanent magnets increases, and the repulsive force weakens. This dynamic response process requires no external sensors or electrical control, relying entirely on the spontaneous properties of magnetic force. It automatically compensates for workpiece dimensional errors and absorbs grinding vibrations, effectively avoiding overcutting, burning, and surface color differences caused by rigid contact. Furthermore, the connecting plate and baffle of the fixed base form a sliding groove structure. The sliding plate of the grinding slide is confined within the groove and can only move in the forward and backward direction, while the main body of the slide passes through the opening between the two baffles. This guiding structure not only limits the lateral displacement and jamming of the permanent magnets caused by lateral attraction or repulsion, but also eliminates the need for additional complex guide rails, resulting in a compact structure, easy assembly, and ensuring the stability and reliability of the floating process. Furthermore, the first magnet is fixed to the fixed base plate with a first screw, and the second magnet is fixed to the second mounting slot of the grinding slide with a second screw. The first and second sealing plates are detachable, allowing each component to be independently disassembled, facilitating quick magnet replacement, gap adjustment, and routine maintenance. Simultaneously, the permanent magnets are arranged with opposite poles at intervals, providing a stable repulsive force continuously without external power. This results in low energy consumption and no heat generation, making it suitable for long-term continuous grinding operations.

[0036] (4) The mounting base plate in the invention is configured to be able to rotate 360° around its central axis, and the processing posture is flexible and adjustable, realizing multi-directional integrated grinding. By rotating the mounting base plate, the abrasive belt can contact the workpiece at any angle, so that the equipment can complete the processing of the workpiece front, side, chamfer, arc surface and other directions in the same station, without the need to configure an additional positioner or multi-axis robot to adjust the workpiece posture.

[0037] (5) In this invention, tensioning and correction are integrated into the same swinging component. While achieving tensioning and correction functions, the swinging axis of the tensioning and correction wheel is at a specific angle to the running direction of the sanding belt. The slight deflection of the tensioning and correction wheel itself can generate an axial component force on the sanding belt to achieve correction, and this correction action will not change the effective lever arm and output tension force of the tensioning cylinder. More importantly, in this invention, the grinding slide directly contacts the inner side of the sanding belt, and the tension state and running trajectory of the sanding belt are directly affected by the floating displacement of the grinding slide. When the grinding slide floats back and forth adaptively with the surface morphology of the workpiece under the action of magnetic levitation, the tension length of the sanding belt will change slightly, which will cause fluctuations in the tension force of the sanding belt. In this invention, the output of the tensioning cylinder of the pneumatic tensioning and correction component has sufficient stroke margin and response bandwidth, which can track the change in sanding belt length caused by the floating of the grinding slide in real time and automatically compensate for the tension force, so that the tension force remains basically constant throughout the entire floating stroke range of the grinding slide. Meanwhile, the adjustable screw structure of the tensioning and correction wheel allows for pre-calibration of the abrasive belt trajectory during initial equipment setup, ensuring that the abrasive belt always operates within the effective width range of the contact wheel during the floating process of the grinding slide, and will not deviate from the normal trajectory due to floating. These three components form a complete closed-loop synergy. The magnetic constant-force floating system provides adaptive grinding; the floating displacement causes changes in the abrasive belt length, the pneumatic tensioning system automatically compensates for the tension, and the correction system ensures that the trajectory does not deviate. The stable operating state, in turn, guarantees the accuracy of the constant-force floating system. These three components cooperate and are mutually dependent, jointly ensuring the long-term operational stability of the entire machine in automated continuous processing.

[0038] (6) In this embodiment of the invention, the abrasive belt on one side of the coarse grinding drive wheel and the fine polishing drive wheel can also be used as a roller contact grinding mode, while the grinding slide is a planar contact grinding mode. The rotatable mounting base provides a processing posture at any angle. After the three are integrated into the same equipment, for workpieces with complex geometric features, such as stainless steel handles or shells with grooves, corners, inner holes and curved surfaces, traditional equipment often requires multiple equipment with different functions to process in sequence, or to use complex positioners for multiple clamping and posture adjustments. In this invention, the operator can adjust the abrasive belt to match the angle of the workpiece to be processed by rotating the mounting base. For planar areas, a planar contact grinding mode is used to achieve high-efficiency large-area processing, while for grooves and corner areas, a roller contact grinding mode is switched to perform fine processing. The coarse grinding process is completed by a coarse-grained abrasive belt, and the fine polishing and wire drawing processes are completed by a fine-grained abrasive belt. The processing capabilities in three different dimensions, the grain size dimension, the angle dimension and the contact mode dimension, are combined with each other, so that a single equipment can cope with the processing needs of various shapes, various parts and various surface requirements in all scenarios. Attached Figure Description

[0039] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the content of the embodiments of the present invention and these drawings without creative effort.

[0040] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a double-row sand belt constant force floating grinding and polishing machine provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of another view of the structure of a double-row sand belt constant force floating grinding and polishing machine according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the driving component provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the abrasive belt pneumatic tensioning and correction assembly provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 A cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the abrasive belt pneumatic tensioning and correction assembly provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the tensioning and correction section of the abrasive belt pneumatic tensioning and correction assembly provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the constant force floating magnetic actuator provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 A cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the constant force floating magnetic actuator provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 This is an exploded structural diagram of the constant force floating magnetic actuator provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0041] To make the technical problems solved by the present invention, the technical solutions adopted, and the technical effects achieved clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected," "linked," and "fixed" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0043] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0044] In the description of this embodiment, the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," etc., refer to the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for ease of description and simplification of operation, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used only for distinction in description and have no special meaning.

[0045] like Figures 1 to 9 As shown, this embodiment provides a double-row sanding belt constant force floating grinding and polishing machine, which can be integrated and installed on the end flange of an industrial robot or the spindle of an automated grinding machine tool. It is used to perform rough grinding, fine polishing and wire drawing on the surface of metal workpieces such as stainless steel handles, faucets, kitchen utensils, 3C electronic product shells, and automotive parts.

[0046] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 The double-row sanding belt constant force floating grinding and polishing machine mainly includes: a mounting base plate 10, a drive assembly 20, a coarse grinding assembly 30, a fine polishing assembly 40, two sets of sanding belt pneumatic tensioning and correction assemblies 50, and two sets of constant force floating magnetic actuation assemblies 60. The coarse grinding assembly 30 and the fine polishing assembly 40 are symmetrically arranged on the mounting base plate 10.

[0047] The mounting base plate 10 serves as the fundamental load-bearing component of the entire machine, and is manufactured from high-strength aluminum alloy or stainless steel sheet. The mounting base plate 10 has several mounting holes and positioning holes for fixing the drive assembly 20, rough grinding assembly 30, fine polishing assembly 40, pneumatic belt tensioning and correction assembly 50, and constant force floating magnetic actuator assembly 60. The mounting base plate 10 is configured to rotate 360° around its central axis. Specifically, a flange connection plate (not shown) is provided on the back of the mounting base plate 10, which is rotatably connected to the end flange of the industrial robot or the spindle flange of the machine tool, and can be fixed at any rotation angle using locking bolts. By rotating the mounting base plate 10, the entire machine can be oriented towards the workpiece at any angle, thereby achieving integrated grinding of the workpiece's front, sides, chamfers, and curved surfaces from multiple directions.

[0048] Please see Figures 1 to 3 The drive assembly 20 is located in the middle of the mounting base plate 10 and is used to simultaneously drive the coarse grinding assembly 30 and the fine polishing assembly 40 to operate synchronously. The drive assembly 20 includes a main drive motor 21, a main drive wheel 22, and a main timing belt 23. The main drive motor 21 is fixedly mounted on the back of the mounting base plate 10. The main drive motor 21 is preferably a variable frequency speed control motor, and its output shaft extends through the mounting base plate 10 to the front of the mounting base plate 10. The main drive wheel 22 is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the main drive motor 21. The coarse grinding assembly 30 includes a coarse grinding drive wheel 31, and the fine polishing assembly 40 includes a fine polishing drive wheel 41. The main drive wheel 22, the coarse grinding drive wheel 31, and the fine polishing drive wheel 41 are arranged in a triangle in the same horizontal plane, and the main timing belt 23 is sleeved on the main drive wheel 22, the coarse grinding drive wheel 31, and the fine polishing drive wheel 41. When the main drive motor 21 is powered on, it drives the main drive wheel 22 to rotate, which in turn drives the coarse grinding drive wheel 31 and the fine polishing drive wheel 41 to rotate synchronously via the main synchronous belt 23.

[0049] Please continue reading. Figure 1 and Figure 2 The coarse grinding component 30 is located on the left side of the mounting base plate 10 (within the left side). Figure 1 (Based on the viewing angle), it is used for rough grinding of workpieces. The rough grinding assembly 30 includes a rough grinding drive wheel 31, a rough grinding drive shaft 32, a rough grinding belt drive wheel 33, a rough grinding belt follower wheel group, and a rough grinding belt 34.

[0050] The coarse grinding drive shaft 32 is mounted on the mounting base plate 10. The coarse grinding drive wheel 31 is fixedly mounted at the lower end of the coarse grinding drive shaft 32 and located on the front of the mounting base plate 10. The coarse grinding belt drive wheel 33 is fixedly mounted at the upper end of the coarse grinding drive shaft 32 and located above the coarse grinding drive wheel 31. The coarse grinding belt drive wheel 33 is coaxially and fixedly connected to the coarse grinding drive wheel 31. When the coarse grinding drive wheel 31 is driven to rotate by the main synchronous belt 23, the coarse grinding belt drive wheel 33 rotates synchronously.

[0051] The coarse abrasive belt follower wheel assembly is rotatably mounted on the mounting base plate 10 to guide and support the coarse abrasive belt 34. In this embodiment, the coarse abrasive belt follower wheel assembly includes a first coarse abrasive belt follower wheel 35, a second coarse abrasive belt follower wheel 36, and a third coarse abrasive belt follower wheel 37. The first coarse abrasive belt follower wheel 35, the second coarse abrasive belt follower wheel 36, and the third coarse abrasive belt follower wheel 37 are all rotatably mounted on the front side of the mounting base plate 10 via their respective axles and bearings, and are located around the coarse abrasive belt drive wheel 33. The coarse abrasive belt 34 passes around the coarse abrasive belt drive wheel 33, the first coarse abrasive belt follower wheel 35, the second coarse abrasive belt follower wheel 36, and the third coarse abrasive belt follower wheel 37, forming a circular loop. The first coarse abrasive belt follower wheel 35 is located to the left of the coarse abrasive belt drive wheel 33, the second coarse abrasive belt follower wheel 36 is located below the first coarse abrasive belt follower wheel 35, and the third coarse abrasive belt follower wheel 37 is located to the right of the second coarse abrasive belt follower wheel 36. The outer surface of the coarse abrasive belt 34 is the grinding working surface. The coarse abrasive belt 34 preferably uses silicon carbide or alumina coarse abrasive belt with a P60-P320 grit size, and is used to quickly remove burrs, flash, oxide scale and welding marks from the surface of the workpiece.

[0052] Please continue reading. Figure 1 and Figure 2 The polishing component 40 is located on the right side of the mounting base plate 10 (within). Figure 1 (Based on the viewing angle), it is arranged symmetrically with the rough grinding assembly 30 and is used for fine polishing or wire drawing of the workpiece. The fine polishing assembly 40 includes a fine polishing drive wheel 41, a fine polishing drive shaft 42, a fine polishing abrasive belt drive wheel 43, a fine polishing abrasive belt follower wheel group, and a fine polishing abrasive belt 44.

[0053] A fine polishing drive shaft 42 is mounted on the mounting base plate 10. A fine polishing drive wheel 41 is fixedly mounted at the lower end of the fine polishing drive shaft 42 and located on the front of the mounting base plate 10. A fine polishing sanding belt drive wheel 43 is fixedly mounted at the upper end of the fine polishing drive shaft 42 and located above the fine polishing drive wheel 41. The fine polishing sanding belt drive wheel 43 is coaxially and fixedly connected to the fine polishing drive wheel 41. When the fine polishing drive wheel 41 is driven to rotate by the main synchronous belt 23, the fine polishing sanding belt drive wheel 43 rotates synchronously.

[0054] The fine polishing belt follower wheel assembly is rotatably mounted on the mounting base plate 10 to guide and support the fine polishing belt 44. In this embodiment, the fine polishing belt follower wheel assembly includes a first fine polishing belt follower wheel 45, a second fine polishing belt follower wheel 46, and a third fine polishing belt follower wheel 47. The first, second, and third fine polishing belt follower wheels 45, 46, and 47 are all rotatably mounted on the front of the mounting base plate 10 via their respective axles and bearings, and are located around the fine polishing belt drive wheel 43. The fine polishing belt 44 passes around the fine polishing belt drive wheel 43, the first, second, and third fine polishing belt follower wheels 45, 46, and 47, forming a circular loop. The first fine polishing belt follower wheel 45 is located to the right of the fine polishing belt drive wheel 43, the second fine polishing belt follower wheel 46 is located below the first fine polishing belt follower wheel 45, and the third fine polishing belt follower wheel 47 is located to the left of the second fine polishing belt follower wheel 46. The outer surface of the fine polishing belt 44 is the grinding working surface. The fine polishing belt 44 preferably uses a fine-grit alumina or silicon carbide abrasive belt with a grit size of P400-P2000, used for fine polishing the surface after rough grinding, so that the surface roughness reaches Ra≤0.4μm. It should be noted that in practical applications, users can flexibly select abrasive belts or drawing belts of different materials and grit sizes according to processing requirements. For example, by replacing the fine polishing belt 44 with nylon drawing belt (such as P320# nylon drawing belt), wire drawing processing can be achieved.

[0055] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figures 4 to 6 Two sets of pneumatic belt tensioning and correction components 50 are mounted on the mounting base plate 10, corresponding to the coarse grinding component 30 and the fine polishing component 40 respectively. The structures of the two sets of pneumatic belt tensioning and correction components 50 are exactly the same. The structure of one set will be described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings. The structure and connection relationship of the other set are exactly the same and will not be described again.

[0056] The pneumatic belt tensioning and correction assembly 50 includes a tensioning cylinder 51, a tensioning and correction section 52, a first rotating shaft 53, a tensioning and correction wheel, an adjustable screw 55, and an adapter 56. It should be noted that the tensioning and correction wheel can be an independent wheel set, or it can be equivalent to one of the coarse grinding follower wheels or one of the fine polishing follower wheels. In this embodiment, the tensioning and correction wheel is either the first coarse grinding follower wheel or the first fine polishing follower wheel.

[0057] A mounting base 57 is fixedly installed on the mounting plate 10, located inside the sanding belt (coarse sanding belt 34 or fine polishing sanding belt 44). A tensioning cylinder 51 is fixedly installed on the mounting base 57, with its piston rod pointing towards the sanding belt. The tensioning cylinder 51 is connected to an external pneumatic valve / handle via an air pipe; by operating the pneumatic valve / handle, the extension or retraction of the piston rod of the tensioning cylinder 51 can be controlled.

[0058] The tensioning and correcting part 52 is generally a long strip-shaped plate structure, having a first end, a second end, and a middle part. The middle part of the tensioning and correcting part 52 is rotatably connected to the mounting base plate 10 via a first rotating shaft 53. Specifically, the bottom of the first rotating shaft 53 is rotatably mounted on the mounting base plate 10 via a bearing seat, and the top of the first rotating shaft 53 is fixedly connected to the middle part of the tensioning and correcting part 52, so that the tensioning and correcting part 52 can swing around the first rotating shaft 53 in the horizontal plane.

[0059] The first end of the tensioning and correcting part 52 is rotatably connected to the piston rod output end of the tensioning cylinder 51 via a connecting part 56. Specifically, the connecting part 56 is a block-shaped or rod-shaped component. One end of the connecting part 56 is rotatably connected to the piston rod end of the tensioning cylinder 51 via a first pin, and the other end of the connecting part 56 is rotatably connected to the first end of the tensioning and correcting part 52 via a second pin. Through the above-described linkage transmission structure, the linear reciprocating motion of the tensioning cylinder 51 can be smoothly converted into the oscillating motion of the tensioning and correcting part 52 around the first rotating shaft 53.

[0060] The second end of the tensioning and straightening part 52 is provided with a first mounting groove 521, and a rotating plate 59 is rotatably mounted in the first mounting groove 521 via a second rotating shaft 58. Specifically, the second rotating shaft 58 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the first mounting groove 521, and the rotating plate 59 is rotatably sleeved on the second rotating shaft 58, so that the rotating plate 59 can swing around the second rotating shaft 58 in the first mounting groove 521. The tensioning and straightening wheel (first coarse grinding follower wheel 35) is rotatably mounted on the rotating plate 59. Specifically, the tensioning and straightening wheel (first coarse grinding follower wheel 35) is mounted on the rotating plate 59 via a wheel axle and bearings, and the axis of the tensioning and straightening wheel (first coarse grinding follower wheel 35) is arranged in the vertical direction. The outer circumferential surface of the tensioning and straightening wheel (first coarse grinding follower wheel 35) is used to contact the inner surface of the sanding belt, and plays a role in tensioning and guiding the sanding belt.

[0061] An adjustable screw 55 is mounted on the rotating plate 59 and located on the side away from the second rotating shaft 58. The adjustable screw 55 is threadedly connected to the rotating plate 59, and its bottom passes through the rotating plate 59 and abuts against the bottom wall of the first mounting groove 521 of the tensioning and correction part 52. By rotating the adjustable screw 55, the swing angle of the rotating plate 59 around the second rotating shaft 58 can be changed, thereby precisely adjusting the tilt angle of the tensioning and correction wheel (the first coarse grinding follower wheel 35), and thus fine-tuning the running trajectory of the sanding belt to achieve the correction function to prevent deviation.

[0062] In this embodiment, the top of the adjustable screw 55 is provided with an adjustment knob or an internal hexagonal hole for easy manual adjustment by the operator. When the adjustable screw 55 is rotated clockwise, the bottom of the adjustable screw 55 presses downward against the bottom wall of the mounting groove 521, generating a reaction force that lifts the side of the rotating plate 59 upward, causing the rotating plate 59 to rotate around the second rotating shaft 58, and the tensioning and straightening wheel (first coarse grinding follower wheel 35) deflects at a certain angle accordingly; conversely, when the adjustable screw 55 is rotated counterclockwise, the adjustable screw 55 retracts upward, and the rotating plate 59 deflects in the opposite direction under the gravity of the tensioning and straightening wheel (first coarse grinding follower wheel 35) and the sanding belt, as well as the tension of the sanding belt. Through the above adjustment method, the tilt angle of the tensioning and straightening wheel (first coarse grinding follower wheel 35) can be precisely fine-tuned, realizing precise correction of the sanding belt running trajectory.

[0063] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figures 7 to 9 Two sets of constant force floating magnetic actuators 60 are mounted on the mounting base plate 10, corresponding to the rough grinding assembly 30 and the fine polishing assembly 40 respectively. The structures of the two sets of constant force floating magnetic actuators 60 are exactly the same. The structure of one set will be described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings. The structure and connection relationship of the other set are exactly the same and will not be described again.

[0064] The constant force floating magnetic actuator 60 includes a movable cylinder 61, a fixed base 62, a grinding slide 63, and a permanent magnet assembly. The movable cylinder 61 is fixedly mounted on the front of the mounting base 10. The movable cylinder 61 is connected to an external air pressure regulating valve via an air pipe, and the basic thrust output by the movable cylinder 61 can be precisely controlled by adjusting the intake air pressure.

[0065] A fixed base 62 is fixedly mounted on the piston rod output end of a movable cylinder 61, which drives the fixed base 62 to reciprocate in a direction parallel to the mounting base plate 10 (i.e., the front-to-back direction). The fixed base 62 includes a fixed base plate 621, a connecting plate 622, and a baffle 623. The fixed base plate 621 is a rectangular plate structure, and its back is fixedly connected to the piston rod output end of the movable cylinder 61. Connecting plates 622 extend forward from the left and right ends of the front side (i.e., the side near the sanding belt) of the fixed base plate 621, and the two connecting plates 622 are parallel to each other and spaced apart. Baffles 623 extend from the front ends of the two connecting plates 622 toward the center of the two connecting plates 622, and an opening structure 624 is formed between the two baffles 623. A fixed base plate 621, two connecting plates 622, and two baffles 623 are arranged to form a chute 625. The front side of the chute 625 connects to the opening structure 624 between the two baffles 623. The top and bottom of the chute 625 are both open structures. A detachable first sealing plate 626 and a second sealing plate 627 are respectively provided at the top and bottom of the chute 625 to close the top and bottom openings of the chute 625.

[0066] The permanent magnet assembly includes a first magnet 64 and a second magnet 65. The first magnet 64 is fixedly disposed on the front center of the fixed base plate 621 and located within the slide groove 625. Specifically, the first magnet 64 has a first connecting hole 641 at its center, and the fixed base plate 621 has a second connecting hole 6211 at its center. The first magnet 64 is fixedly connected to the fixed base plate 621 by a first screw 642 passing through the first connecting hole 641 and the second connecting hole 6211. The second magnet 65 is fixedly disposed on the grinding slide 63 and located in front of the first magnet 64. The first magnet 64 and the second magnet 65 are spaced apart with their corresponding magnetic poles facing each other. In this embodiment, the front end face of the first magnet 64 is the N pole, and the rear end face of the second magnet 65 is the N pole. The two are arranged opposite each other to generate a permanent magnetic repulsion force. In other embodiments, they can also be arranged with their S poles facing each other.

[0067] The grinding slide 63 includes a slide body 631 and two sliding plates 632. A second mounting groove 633 is provided on the back of the slide body 631, and a second magnet 65 is disposed within the second mounting groove 633. Specifically, a third connecting hole 651 is provided on the second magnet 65, and a fourth connecting hole 6311 is provided on the slide body 631. A second screw 652 passes through the third connecting hole 651 and the fourth connecting hole 6311 to fix the second magnet 65 and the slide body 631 together. The second magnet 65 is located in front of the first magnet 64, and a gap is maintained between them (approximately 2-6 mm in this embodiment). The front side of the slide body 631 (i.e., the side away from the movable cylinder 61) contacts the inner side of the abrasive belt (coarse grinding belt 34 or fine polishing belt 44) to support the abrasive belt during grinding and to transmit grinding pressure to the workpiece.

[0068] Two sliding plates 632 are respectively disposed at the left and right ends of the rear side of the slide body 631. The two sliding plates 632 are located within the slide groove 625 and behind the baffle 623. The thickness of the sliding plate 632 is adapted to the width of the slide groove 625, allowing the sliding plate 632 to slide only in the front-back direction of the slide groove 625, without any lateral deviation. The slide body 631 passes through the opening structure 624 between the two baffles 623, and the width of the slide body 631 is adapted to the width of the opening structure 624, allowing the slide body 631 to move only in the front-back direction. Through the guiding structure of the slide groove 625 and the sliding plate 632, the grinding slide 63 can slide smoothly in the front-back direction on the fixed base 62, and the sliding direction is precisely limited to the front-back direction, avoiding lateral deviation and jamming. The range of forward and backward movement of the slide plate 632 within the slide groove 625 is the effective floating stroke of the grinding slide table 63 (in this embodiment, it is ±1mm to ±5mm, which can be set by adjusting the initial gap between the first magnet 64 and the second magnet 65 and the depth of the slide groove 625 as needed).

[0069] The working principle of the aforementioned constant-force floating magnetic actuator 60 is as follows: The movable cylinder 61 outputs a stable basic grinding thrust, which pushes the abrasive belt towards the workpiece via the fixed base 62 and the grinding slide 63. Simultaneously, the first magnet 64 and the second magnet 65 are spaced apart with their corresponding magnetic poles facing each other, generating a permanent magnetic repulsive force between them. This repulsive force acts on the grinding slide 63 in the opposite direction to the thrust of the movable cylinder 61, forming a suspension support. The resultant force of the thrust of the movable cylinder 61 and the permanent magnetic repulsive force is the actual grinding pressure acting between the abrasive belt and the workpiece.

[0070] When a protrusion appears on the workpiece surface, the abrasive belt is pushed by the workpiece's reaction force, causing the grinding slide 63 to slide backward (i.e., towards the fixed base 62). The gap between the first magnet 64 and the second magnet 65 decreases, and the permanent magnet repulsive force increases sharply. The increased repulsive force is opposite to the thrust of the movable cylinder 61, which plays a buffering and limiting role, preventing the grinding slide 63 from retreating excessively and causing equipment damage. At the same time, the automatic increase of the repulsive force compensates for the height of the protrusion on the workpiece, keeping the actual grinding pressure basically constant.

[0071] When a depression appears on the surface of the workpiece, the contact force between the abrasive belt and the workpiece decreases. Under the thrust of the movable cylinder 61, the grinding slide 63 automatically slides forward (i.e. away from the fixed base 62). The gap between the first magnet 64 and the second magnet 65 increases, and the permanent magnet repulsion force weakens accordingly. This causes the thrust of the movable cylinder 61 to be converted into more grinding pressure, automatically compensating for the depression depth of the workpiece and keeping the actual grinding pressure basically constant.

[0072] When high-frequency vibrations or impacts occur during the grinding process, the grinding slide 63 can respond quickly under the action of magnetic levitation. It absorbs vibration energy through small forward and backward displacements, effectively avoiding overcutting, burning and surface color difference problems caused by rigid contact.

[0073] The above dynamic response process requires no external sensors or electrical control systems and is completed spontaneously entirely by the physical properties of the permanent magnet and aerodynamic pressure, resulting in fast response speed and high reliability.

[0074] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 In this embodiment, both the coarse abrasive belt 34 and the fine polishing abrasive belt 44 have two different contact polishing modes: a planar contact polishing mode and a roller contact polishing mode. Specifically, the section of the coarse abrasive belt 34 that bypasses the coarse abrasive belt drive wheel 33, or the corresponding section of the fine polishing abrasive belt 44 that bypasses the fine polishing abrasive belt drive wheel 43, is a roller contact polishing section. The inner side of the abrasive belt is supported by the grinding slide 63 of the constant force floating magnetic actuator 60, which enables a planar contact polishing section. Switching between the planar contact and roller contact polishing modes is possible.

[0075] The working process of the double-row sand belt constant force floating polisher in this embodiment is as follows: Sanding belt installation process. Move the pneumatic valve / handle connected to the tensioning cylinder 51 to the "release" position. Compressed air is discharged from the rodless chamber of the tensioning cylinder 51, causing the piston rod of the tensioning cylinder 51 to retract. This retracts the piston rod, which, through the adapter 56, drives the tensioning and correction part 52 to swing outward around the first rotating shaft 53. The tensioning and correction wheel (first coarse grinding follower wheel 35) moves outward accordingly, completely slackening the sanding belt (coarse grinding sanding belt 34 or fine polishing sanding belt 44). The operator then places the coarse grinding sanding belt 34 and the fine polishing sanding belt 44 onto their respective coarse grinding sanding belt drive wheel 33, first coarse grinding sanding belt follower wheel 35, second coarse grinding sanding belt follower wheel 36, third coarse grinding sanding belt follower wheel 37, and fine polishing sanding belt drive wheel 43, first fine polishing sanding belt follower wheel 45, second fine polishing sanding belt follower wheel 46, and third fine polishing sanding belt follower wheel 47, ensuring that the inner side of the sanding belt is in contact with the front surface of the grinding slide 63. Move the pneumatic valve / handle to the "tension" position. Compressed air enters the rodless chamber of the tensioning cylinder 51, causing the piston rod of the tensioning cylinder 51 to extend. Through the adapter 56, the piston rod pushes the tensioning and correction part 52 to swing inward around the first rotating shaft 53. The tensioning and correction wheel (first coarse grinding follower wheel 35) tensions the sanding belt. Rotate the adjustable screw 55 to finely adjust the swing angle of the rotating plate 59, thereby changing the tilt angle of the tensioning and correction wheel (first coarse grinding follower wheel 35), correcting the running trajectory of the sanding belt, and ensuring that the sanding belt does not deviate during operation.

[0076] Pressure setting process. The intake pressure of the movable cylinder 61 is adjusted according to the material of the workpiece and the processing requirements. In this embodiment, the intake pressure adjustment range of the movable cylinder 61 is 0.1-0.6 MPa. For stainless steel workpieces, the intake pressure is preferably set to 0.25-0.35 MPa. The initial gap between the first magnet 64 and the second magnet 65 is preferably set to 2-4 mm. Under these conditions, the thrust output by the movable cylinder 61 and the permanent magnet repulsion force together form a constant grinding pressure, maintaining a constant contact pressure between the abrasive belt and the workpiece.

[0077] Grinding and polishing process. Start the main drive motor 21 and set its speed to 2600-3000 r / min. The main drive motor 21 drives the main drive wheel 22 to rotate, which in turn drives the coarse grinding drive wheel 31 and the fine polishing drive wheel 41 to rotate synchronously via the main synchronous belt 23. The coarse grinding drive wheel 31 drives the coarse grinding belt drive wheel 33 to rotate via the coarse grinding drive shaft 32. The coarse grinding belt 34 runs at high speed under the guidance of the coarse grinding belt drive wheel 33, the first coarse grinding belt follower wheel 35, the second coarse grinding belt follower wheel 36, and the third coarse grinding belt follower wheel 37. The fine polishing drive wheel 41 drives the fine polishing belt drive wheel 43 to rotate via the fine polishing drive shaft 42. The fine polishing belt 44 runs at high speed under the guidance of the fine polishing belt drive wheel 43, the first fine polishing belt follower wheel 45, the second fine polishing belt follower wheel 46, and the third fine polishing belt follower wheel 47.

[0078] An industrial robot or automated grinding machine tool is used to move the grinding and polishing machine of this invention to the workpiece processing position. The workpiece first contacts the grinding surface of the coarse grinding belt 34. When using the planar contact grinding mode, the vertical section of the coarse grinding belt 34, supported by the grinding slide 63, adheres to the workpiece surface in a planar manner, quickly removing burrs, flash, oxide scale, and welding marks from the workpiece surface, with a removal amount of approximately 0.1-0.2 mm. After coarse grinding, the workpiece continues to move to the grinding surface of the fine polishing belt 44. The fine polishing belt 44, also supported by the corresponding grinding slide 63, adheres to the workpiece surface in a planar manner, performing fine polishing on the coarse-ground surface to achieve a surface roughness of Ra≤0.4μm. If a brushed effect is required, the fine polishing belt 44 is replaced with a nylon brushing belt (such as P320# nylon brushing belt), maintaining the same pressure and speed, moving uniformly in the same direction to form a uniform straight brushed effect on the workpiece surface.

[0079] When processing complex parts such as edges, corners, grooves, and inner holes of workpieces, the base plate 10 is rotated by an industrial robot or machine tool to adjust the grinding and polishing machine to a suitable angle and switch to roller contact grinding mode. The arc-shaped sanding belt segment on the outer circumference of the coarse grinding belt drive wheel 33 or the fine polishing belt drive wheel 43 is used to perform fine processing on the complex parts to ensure that all parts are treated evenly.

[0080] During the grinding process, the constant-force floating magnetic actuator 60 operates in real time: when there are protrusions on the workpiece surface, the grinding slide 63 automatically slides backward, the gap between the first magnet 64 and the second magnet 65 decreases, the permanent magnet repulsive force increases, and the height of the protrusion is automatically compensated; when there are depressions on the workpiece surface, the grinding slide 63 automatically slides forward, the gap between the first magnet 64 and the second magnet 65 increases, the permanent magnet repulsive force decreases, and the depth of the depression is automatically compensated; when grinding vibrations occur, the grinding slide 63 responds quickly and absorbs vibration energy under the action of magnetic levitation. The entire process achieves constant-force floating flexible grinding, ensuring the consistency of processing quality.

[0081] Meanwhile, the pneumatic belt tensioning and correction assembly 50 operates in real time: when the grinding slide 63 moves back and forth, causing changes in the belt tension length, the piston rod of the tension cylinder 51 drives the tensioning and correction assembly 52 to swing slightly through the adapter 56, automatically compensating for the changes in belt length and keeping the belt tension constant. During belt operation, the pre-set tilt angle of the tensioning and correction wheel (first roughing follower wheel 35) via the adjustable screw 55 generates a continuous axial correction force on the belt, ensuring that the belt always runs on the correct trajectory and does not deviate.

[0082] Sanding belt replacement process. When the sanding belt reaches the end of its service life, stop the main drive motor 21. Move the pneumatic valve / handle to the "release" position. The piston rod of the tension cylinder 51 retracts, driving the tensioning and alignment part 52 to swing outward through the adapter 56. The tensioning and alignment wheel (first coarse grinding follower wheel 35) moves inward, and the sanding belt is completely relaxed. The operator can then manually remove the worn old sanding belt, put the new sanding belt on the corresponding wheel set, and move the pneumatic valve / handle to the "tension" position again to complete the replacement. The entire belt replacement process takes no more than 30 seconds.

[0083] Note that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and the technical principles employed. Those skilled in the art will understand that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, and various obvious changes, readjustments, and substitutions can be made without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in detail through the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include many other equivalent embodiments without departing from the concept of the present invention, the scope of which is determined by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A double-row sand belt constant force floating polishing machine, characterized in that, include: The mounting base plate is configured to rotate. A coarse grinding assembly, which is mounted on the mounting base plate, is used for coarse grinding; A fine polishing assembly, which is mounted on the mounting base plate, is used for fine polishing; A drive component is mounted on the mounting base plate, and its output end is connected to the coarse grinding component and the fine polishing component, driving the coarse grinding component and the fine polishing component to perform synchronous grinding; The abrasive belt pneumatic tensioning and correction assembly is mounted on the mounting base plate and includes two sets, which are used for tensioning and correction of the coarse grinding assembly and the fine polishing assembly, respectively. A constant force floating magnetic actuator is mounted on the mounting base plate and includes two sets, which are used for adaptive floating grinding of the coarse grinding assembly and the fine polishing assembly, respectively.

2. The double-row sand belt constant force floating polishing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drive assembly includes a main drive motor, and a main drive wheel is provided at the output end of the main drive motor; The coarse grinding assembly includes a coarse grinding drive wheel, and the fine polishing assembly includes a fine polishing drive wheel; The main drive wheel, the coarse grinding drive wheel, and the fine polishing drive wheel are fitted with a main synchronous belt. The main drive motor drives the main drive wheel to rotate, thereby driving the coarse grinding drive wheel and the fine polishing drive wheel to rotate synchronously.

3. The double-row sand belt constant force floating polishing machine according to claim 2, characterized in that, The mounting base plate is also equipped with a coarse grinding drive shaft; The coarse grinding drive wheel is mounted on the coarse grinding drive shaft; The coarse grinding assembly also includes a coarse grinding belt drive wheel, a coarse grinding belt follower wheel group, and a coarse grinding belt; The coarse grinding belt drive wheel is mounted on the coarse grinding drive shaft and is located above the coarse grinding drive wheel; The coarse abrasive belt is mounted on the mounting base plate and rotates with the follower wheel assembly. The coarse abrasive belt passes around the coarse abrasive belt drive pulley and the coarse abrasive belt follower pulley assembly.

4. A double-row sand belt constant force floating polishing machine according to claim 3, characterized in that, The coarse abrasive belt follower wheel assembly includes a first coarse abrasive belt follower wheel, a second coarse abrasive belt follower wheel, and a third coarse abrasive belt follower wheel; The coarse abrasive belt passes around the coarse abrasive belt drive wheel, the first coarse abrasive belt follower wheel, the second coarse abrasive belt follower wheel, and the third coarse abrasive belt follower wheel.

5. A double-row sand belt constant force floating polishing machine according to claim 2, characterized in that, The mounting base plate is also equipped with a fine polishing drive shaft; The fine polishing drive wheel is mounted on the fine polishing drive shaft; The fine polishing assembly also includes a fine polishing belt drive wheel, a fine polishing belt follower wheel group, and a fine polishing belt; The fine polishing belt drive wheel is mounted on the fine polishing drive shaft and is located above the fine polishing drive wheel; The fine sanding belt is mounted on the mounting base plate and rotates with the follower wheel assembly. The fine sanding belt passes around the fine sanding belt drive wheel and the fine sanding belt follower wheel assembly.

6. A double-row sand belt constant force floating polishing machine according to claim 5, characterized in that, The fine sanding belt follower wheel assembly includes a first fine sanding belt follower wheel, a second fine sanding belt follower wheel, and a third fine sanding belt follower wheel; The fine sanding belt passes around the fine sanding belt drive wheel, the first fine sanding belt follower wheel, the second fine sanding belt follower wheel, and the third fine sanding belt follower wheel.

7. A double-row sand belt constant force floating polishing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tensioning and correction device includes a tensioning cylinder and a tensioning and correction section; One end of the tensioning and correction part is rotatably connected to the output end of the tensioning cylinder, and the other end is rotatably provided with a tensioning and correction wheel. The middle part is rotatably connected to a first rotating shaft, and the bottom of the first rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the mounting base plate. The tensioning cylinder can drive the tensioning and correction part to swing around the first rotating shaft. The tensioning and correction part is also equipped with an adjustable screw, which can adjust the tilt angle of the tensioning and correction wheel.

8. A double-row sand belt constant force floating polishing machine according to claim 7, characterized in that, A rotating plate is rotatably mounted on the tensioning and correction part, and the tensioning and correction wheel is rotatably mounted on the rotating plate.

9. A double-row sand belt constant force floating polishing machine according to claim 8, characterized in that, The tensioning and correction part is provided with a second rotating shaft, and the rotating plate is rotatably connected to the tensioning and correction part through the second rotating shaft.

10. A double-row sand belt constant force floating polishing machine according to claim 9, characterized in that, The adjustable screw is disposed on the rotating plate and located on the side away from the second rotating shaft. The adjustable screw is threadedly connected to the rotating plate, and the bottom of the adjustable screw abuts against the tensioning and correction part.

11. A double-row sand belt constant force floating polishing machine according to claim 10, characterized in that, The tensioning and correction part is provided with a first mounting groove; The rotating plate is rotatably connected to the first mounting slot.

12. A double-row sand belt constant force floating polishing machine according to claim 7, characterized in that, The output end of the tensioning cylinder is connected to an adapter, and the output end of the tensioning cylinder is rotatably connected to one end of the adapter, while the other end of the adapter is rotatably connected to the tensioning correction part. The tensioning cylinder is located on the side of the tensioning and correction section away from the sanding belt; The mounting base plate is provided with a mounting seat, and the tensioning cylinder is mounted on the mounting seat.

13. A double-row sand belt constant force floating polishing machine according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that, The pneumatic tensioning and correction assembly for the sanding belt includes a movable cylinder. The output end of the movable cylinder is provided with a fixed base. A grinding slide is provided on the fixed base. The grinding slide can move away from or close to the fixed base. A permanent magnet assembly includes a first magnet and a second magnet. The first magnet is fixedly mounted on the fixed base, and the second magnet is fixedly mounted on the grinding slide. The first magnet and the second magnet are spaced apart with their same magnetic poles facing each other. The side of the grinding slide away from the movable cylinder is in contact with the inner side of the sanding belt.

14. A double-row sand belt constant force floating polishing machine according to claim 13, characterized in that, The fixed base includes a fixed base plate, and connecting plates are provided on the front sides of both sides of the fixed base plate. Baffles are provided on the two connecting plates in the direction of the center of the two connecting plates. An opening structure is formed between the two baffles. The fixed base plate, the connecting plates and the baffles form a sliding groove. The front side of the sliding groove is connected to the opening structure between the two baffles. The top and bottom of the sliding groove are both opening structures. The top and bottom of the chute are respectively provided with a detachable first sealing plate and a second sealing plate.

15. A double-row sand belt constant force floating polishing machine according to claim 14, characterized in that, The first magnet is located on the front side of the center of the fixed base plate and is located within the groove.

16. A double-row sand belt constant force floating polishing machine according to claim 15, characterized in that, The first magnet has a first connecting hole at its center, and the fixed base plate has a second connecting hole at its center. The first magnet is connected to the fixed base plate by passing a first screw through the first connecting hole and the second connecting hole.

17. A double-row sand belt constant force floating polishing machine according to claim 14, characterized in that, The grinding slide includes a slide body, and two sliding plates are provided on the rear sides of the slide body. The two sliding plates are located in the slide groove, and the slide body passes through the opening structure between the two baffles. The slide plate is located behind the baffle and can move back and forth within the groove.

18. A double-row sand belt constant force floating polishing machine according to claim 17, characterized in that, The slide body is provided with a second mounting groove, and the second magnet is disposed in the second mounting groove. The second magnet is located in front of the first magnet.

19. A double-row sand belt constant force floating polishing machine according to claim 18, characterized in that, The slide body has a fourth connection hole, and the second magnet has a third connection hole. The second magnet and the slide body are connected by a second screw passing through the third connection hole and the fourth connection hole.

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