Numerical control machine tool for polishing outer spherical surface of metal precision part

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of spherical grinding, in particular to a numerical control machine tool for polishing the outer peripheral spherical surface of a metal precision part, comprising a machine table, a clamping head and a lifting sleeve, a vertical guide mechanism connected with the lifting sleeve is arranged on the machine table, the clamping head is arranged at the bottom of the lifting sleeve through an elastic floating assembly, a locking mechanism is arranged on the machine table and directly below the clamping head, a base is fixedly connected with the bottom of the machine table, a gear ring is coaxially rotatably arranged on the base, a rotary drive mechanism meshing with the gear ring is arranged on the machine table, and a radial adjustment mechanism connected with a micro polishing machine is arranged on the gear ring, through the cooperation of the vertical guide mechanism, the locking mechanism, the rotary drive mechanism and the radial adjustment mechanism, the automation control of clamping, rotary polishing and position adjustment is realized, the operation process is simplified, the machining efficiency and the stability of product quality are improved, and the numerical control machine tool is suitable for batch precision polishing of the outer peripheral spherical surface of a metal precision part.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of spherical grinding technology, specifically a CNC machine tool for polishing the outer spherical surface of precision metal parts. Background Technology

[0002] Precision metal parts are widely used in aerospace, precision instruments, medical devices, and other fields. The surface quality of their outer spherical surfaces directly affects the assembly accuracy, sealing performance, and service life of the products. Outer spherical surface polishing, as one of the key processes in the machining of precision metal parts, requires the polished spherical surface to have a uniform surface roughness and precise geometry.

[0003] In existing technologies, the polishing of the outer spherical surface of precision metal parts typically employs a fixed fixture to position and hold the workpiece, along with a polishing tool for surface treatment. However, due to the dimensional tolerances of precision metal parts and the complex shape of the spherical surface, traditional rigid clamping methods struggle to achieve complete contact between the clamping surface and the workpiece's spherical surface. This can easily lead to problems such as poor local contact and uneven clamping force distribution, causing the workpiece to experience slight vibrations or displacements during polishing, thus affecting the polishing accuracy.

[0004] Furthermore, in existing polishing equipment, the movement trajectory of the polishing tool is often limited to a fixed path, making it difficult to achieve full circumferential coverage polishing of the workpiece's outer spherical surface. This can easily create polishing blind spots in certain areas of the spherical surface, resulting in uneven surface quality. At the same time, adjusting the relative position of the polishing tool is inconvenient for spherical workpieces with different radii of curvature, leading to poor equipment versatility and difficulty in meeting the processing needs of diverse products.

[0005] During the polishing process, the clamping mechanism needs to withstand the cutting force and friction from the polishing tool. If the stability of the clamping mechanism is insufficient, it is easy to generate small radial or axial displacements, causing the workpiece position to shift, which in turn affects the geometric accuracy and surface consistency of the spherical surface. Therefore, how to achieve uniform coverage polishing of the outer spherical surface of the workpiece by the polishing tool while ensuring clamping reliability, and adapting to the processing requirements of workpieces of different specifications, is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a CNC machine tool for polishing the outer spherical surface of precision metal parts, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A CNC machine tool for polishing the outer circumference of precision metal parts includes a machine base, a clamping head, and a lifting sleeve. The machine base is provided with a vertical guide mechanism connected to the lifting sleeve, and the vertical guide mechanism can drive the lifting sleeve to move in the vertical direction. The clamping head is set at the bottom of the lifting sleeve by an elastic floating component. The bottom surface of the clamping head is a concave spherical surface that is adapted to the outer circumferential spherical surface of the metal precision part, and is used to clamp the metal precision part to be polished. A locking mechanism is provided on the machine platform and directly below the clamping head. When the vertical guide mechanism drives the lifting sleeve and the clamping head to move down synchronously and the clamping head is in close contact with the metal precision part, the locking mechanism can lock the lifting sleeve radially and axially. It also includes a base, a gear ring, and a micro polishing machine. The base is located directly below the clamping head and is fixedly connected to the bottom of the machine base. The top surface of the base is a concave spherical surface that is adapted to the outer spherical surface of the metal precision part, which can cooperate with the clamping head to clamp the metal precision part. The gear ring is coaxially rotatably mounted on the outer cylindrical surface of the base, and the machine base is provided with a rotary drive mechanism that meshes with the gear ring for driving the gear ring to rotate around the axis of the base; The gear ring is provided with a radial adjustment mechanism, and the micro polishing machine is connected to the radial adjustment mechanism. Under the action of the radial adjustment mechanism, the micro polishing machine can move along the radial direction of the gear ring to adjust the contact position between the micro polishing machine and the outer spherical surface of the metal precision part.

[0008] CNC machine tools for polishing the outer spherical surface of precision metal parts as described above: The vertical guide mechanism includes a guide rail, a slider, and a lifting plate. The guide rail is vertically mounted on the machine base, and the slider is slidably mounted on the guide rail. The lifting plate is horizontally connected to the slider, and the lifting sleeve is vertically mounted on the lifting plate.

[0009] CNC machine tools for polishing the outer spherical surface of precision metal parts as described above: An L-shaped rod is provided on the lifting plate, and a return spring is vertically provided on the machine base; The two ends of the return spring abut against the top of the L-shaped rod and the machine base respectively, so as to drive the L-shaped rod to always have an upward tendency. The lifting plate is provided with a handle.

[0010] CNC machine tools for polishing the outer spherical surface of precision metal parts as described above: The elastic floating component includes a slide block and a buffer spring, with the top of the slide block located inside the lifting sleeve and sliding vertically therewith; The bottom of the slide extends beyond the outside of the lifting sleeve and is connected to the clamping head.

[0011] CNC machine tools for polishing the outer spherical surface of precision metal parts as described above: The buffer spring is disposed inside the lifting sleeve, and the two ends of the buffer spring abut against the inner top of the lifting sleeve and the top of the slide block, respectively. The buffer spring is in a compressed state, and the outer wall of the lifting sleeve is provided with a limit ring groove along the circumferential direction.

[0012] CNC machine tools for polishing the outer spherical surface of precision metal parts as described above: The locking mechanism includes a crossbeam, a positioning cylinder, and a bushing, and the crossbeam is horizontally and vertically mounted on the machine platform. The positioning cylinder is coaxial with the lifting sleeve and is mounted on the crossbeam, and the bushing is coaxially and vertically slidably mounted on the outer wall of the positioning cylinder.

[0013] CNC machine tools for polishing the outer spherical surface of precision metal parts as described above: The outer wall of the positioning cylinder is provided with through holes, which are bowl-shaped and are multiple in number and evenly distributed along the circumference. Each of the through holes is fitted with a steel ball, and the inner wall of the bushing is provided with a retaining ring.

[0014] CNC machine tools for polishing the outer spherical surface of precision metal parts as described above: The outer wall of the positioning cylinder is fitted with a locking spring. The two ends of the locking spring abut against the positioning cylinder and the bushing, respectively. Under the action of the locking spring, the retaining ring on the bushing is always in the position of the through hole when there is no external force, so as to push the multiple steel balls in the center. When the bushing overcomes the spring force of the locking spring under the action of external force, causing the retaining ring to retract from the through hole position, the lifting sleeve is moved vertically downward and inserted into the positioning cylinder. After the limiting ring groove is aligned with the through hole, the external force is removed, and the retaining ring resets, causing multiple steel balls to be embedded between multiple through holes and the limiting ring groove.

[0015] CNC machine tools for polishing the outer spherical surface of precision metal parts as described above: The rotary drive mechanism includes a rotating shaft and a reduction motor. The rotating shaft is vertically rotatably mounted on the machine base, and the reduction motor is mounted on the machine base. A drive pulley is coaxially mounted on the output end of the reduction motor. A driven pulley is coaxially arranged on the rotating shaft, and the driving pulley and the driven pulley are connected by a toothed belt. A gear that meshes with the toothed ring is coaxially arranged on the rotating shaft.

[0016] CNC machine tools for polishing the outer spherical surface of precision metal parts as described above: The radial adjustment mechanism includes a horizontal plate and a lead screw. The horizontal plate is horizontally arranged and connected to the gear ring through a longitudinal arm. The length direction of the horizontal plate is collinear with the radial direction of the gear ring. The lead screw is rotatably mounted on the horizontal plate, and a slide is slidably mounted on the horizontal plate. The slide is threadedly engaged with the lead screw. The micro polishing machine is mounted on the end of the slide near the center, and a handwheel is coaxially mounted on the end of the lead screw away from the center.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: The clamping head and the lifting sleeve are connected by an elastic floating component, which allows the clamping head to adaptively float and adjust according to the spherical shape when contacting the precision metal part. This effectively compensates for workpiece size deviation and clamping positioning error, and ensures that the concave spherical surface of the bottom of the clamping head and the outer spherical surface of the precision metal part achieve surface contact clamping. This improves the stability and reliability of clamping and avoids the problems of local stress concentration and workpiece deformation that are easily caused by traditional point contact or line contact clamping methods. By setting a locking mechanism to lock the lifting sleeve radially and axially, the radial and axial displacement of the lifting sleeve can be effectively limited after the clamping head is in close contact with the precision metal part. This prevents the clamping head from shifting or shaking due to the polishing force during the polishing process, thereby ensuring the precise fixation of the workpiece position during the polishing process and improving the accuracy and consistency of the polishing process. The structural design of the gear ring rotating around the base axis enables the micro polisher to perform continuous circumferential polishing around the outer spherical surface of the metal precision parts. The polishing trajectory is completely covered, effectively eliminating polishing blind spots. The radial adjustment mechanism can adjust the contact position between the micro polisher and the outer spherical surface of the workpiece according to the spherical radius of different specifications of metal precision parts. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of a CNC machine tool for polishing the outer spherical surface of precision metal parts.

[0019] Figure 2 A side view of the overall structure of a CNC machine tool for polishing the outer spherical surface of precision metal parts.

[0020] Figure 3 Another perspective schematic diagram of the overall structure of a CNC machine tool for polishing the outer spherical surface of precision metal parts.

[0021] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Enlarged view of point A in the middle.

[0022] Figure 5 A half-section side view of the clamping head, lifting sleeve, lifting plate, slide, and locking mechanism in a CNC machine tool for polishing the outer spherical surface of precision metal parts.

[0023] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Enlarged view of section B in the middle.

[0024] Figure 7 In order to be in Figure 5 A schematic diagram showing the breakdown of the basic elastic floating component and locking mechanism.

[0025] Figure 8 A sectional view of the machine tool used in CNC machine tools for polishing the outer spherical surface of precision metal parts.

[0026] Figure 9 for Figure 8 Enlarged view of point C in the middle.

[0027] Figure 10 Another schematic diagram of the overall structure of a CNC machine tool for polishing the outer spherical surface of precision metal parts.

[0028] Figure 11 for Figure 10 Enlarged view of point D in the middle.

[0029] In the diagram: 1. Machine base; 2. Clamping head; 3. Lifting sleeve; 301. Limiting ring groove; 4. Base; 5. Gear ring; 6. Miniature polishing machine; 7. Guide rail; 8. Slider; 9. Lifting plate; 10. L-shaped rod; 11. Return spring; 12. Handle; 13. Slide seat; 14. Buffer spring; 15. Crossbeam; 16. Positioning cylinder; 1601. Through hole; 17. Bushing; 1701. Retaining ring; 18. Locking spring; 19. Steel ball; 20. Rotating shaft; 21. Gear motor; 22. Driving pulley; 23. Driven pulley; 24. Toothed belt; 25. Gear; 26. Horizontal plate; 27. Lead screw; 28. Longitudinal arm; 29. ​​Slide; 30. Handwheel. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0031] Please see Figure 1-11 As an embodiment of the present invention, a CNC machine tool for polishing the outer circumferential spherical surface of a precision metal part includes a machine base 1, a clamping head 2 and a lifting sleeve 3. The machine base 1 is provided with a vertical guide mechanism connected to the lifting sleeve 3. The vertical guide mechanism can drive the lifting sleeve 3 to move in the vertical direction. The clamping head 2 is set at the bottom of the lifting sleeve 3 by an elastic floating component. The bottom surface of the clamping head 2 is a concave spherical surface that is adapted to the outer circumferential spherical surface of the metal precision part, and is used to clamp the metal precision part to be polished. A locking mechanism is provided on the machine base 1 and directly below the clamping head 2. When the vertical guide mechanism drives the lifting sleeve 3 and the clamping head 2 to move down synchronously and the clamping head 2 is in close contact with the metal precision part, the locking mechanism can lock the lifting sleeve 3 radially and axially. It also includes a base 4, a gear ring 5, and a micro polishing machine 6. The base 4 is located directly below the clamping head 2 and is fixedly connected to the bottom of the machine base 1. The top surface of the base 4 is a concave spherical surface that is adapted to the outer circumferential spherical surface of the metal precision part, which can cooperate with the clamping head 2 to clamp the metal precision part. The gear ring 5 is coaxially rotatably mounted on the outer cylindrical surface of the base 4. The machine base 1 is provided with a rotary drive mechanism that meshes with the gear ring 5, which is used to drive the gear ring 5 to rotate around the axis of the base 4. The gear ring 5 is provided with a radial adjustment mechanism, and the micro polishing machine 6 is connected to the radial adjustment mechanism. Under the action of the radial adjustment mechanism, the micro polishing machine 6 can move along the radial direction of the gear ring 5 to adjust the contact position between the micro polishing machine 6 and the outer spherical surface of the metal precision part.

[0032] In this embodiment, the vertical guide mechanism serves as the driving carrier of the lifting sleeve 3, driving the lifting sleeve 3 to move up and down in the vertical direction. The bottom of the lifting sleeve 3 is connected to the clamping head 2 through an elastic floating component. When the lifting sleeve 3 moves down, the clamping head 2 moves down synchronously and approaches the metal precision part. Due to the floating characteristics of the elastic floating component, the clamping head 2 can adaptively adjust according to the actual shape of the workpiece spherical surface when it contacts the metal precision part, so that the concave spherical surface of the bottom surface of the clamping head 2 fits against the outer circumferential spherical surface of the metal precision part. At this time, the locking mechanism located directly below the clamping head 2 performs radial and axial locking on the lifting sleeve 3, fixing the spatial position of the lifting sleeve 3 together with the clamping head 2, forming a stable clamping state. The base 4 is fixed to the bottom of the machine tool 1 and located directly below the clamping head 2. Its top surface is also a concave spherical surface that matches the outer spherical surface of the metal precision part. During the downward movement of the clamping head 2, the metal precision part is clamped between the bottom surface of the clamping head 2 and the top surface of the base 4. The upper and lower concave spherical surfaces together form an enveloping clamping and positioning of the workpiece spherical surface. The gear ring 5 is coaxially rotatably mounted on the outer cylindrical surface of the base 4. The rotary drive mechanism on the machine base 1 transmits the rotational power to the gear ring 5 by meshing with it, driving the gear ring 5 to rotate around the axis of the base 4. The micro polishing machine 6 is mounted on the gear ring 5 and moves circumferentially around the outer spherical surface of the metal precision part as the gear ring 5 rotates, thereby achieving circumferential polishing of the workpiece spherical surface. The radial adjustment mechanism is set on the gear ring 5. The micro polishing machine 6 is connected to the radial adjustment mechanism. While the gear ring 5 rotates, the radial adjustment mechanism can independently drive the micro polishing machine 6 to move along the radial direction of the gear ring 5, thereby changing the relative distance between the micro polishing machine 6 and the outer spherical surface of the metal precision part, and thus adjusting the polishing contact position to adapt to the polishing requirements of spherical surfaces with different radii of curvature.

[0033] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the vertical guide mechanism includes a guide rail 7, a slider 8 and a lifting plate 9, wherein the guide rail 7 is vertically arranged on the machine base 1 and the slider 8 is slidably arranged on the guide rail 7; The lifting plate 9 is horizontally connected to the slider 8, and the lifting sleeve 3 is vertically arranged on the lifting plate 9; An L-shaped rod 10 is provided on the lifting plate 9, and a return spring 11 is vertically provided on the machine base 1; The two ends of the return spring 11 abut against the top of the L-shaped rod 10 and the machine base 1 respectively, so as to drive the L-shaped rod 10 to always have an upward tendency. The lifting plate 9 is provided with a handle 12.

[0034] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 4 The guide rail 7 is vertically set on the machine base 1, the slider 8 is slidably installed on the guide rail 7, and the lifting plate 9 is horizontally connected to the slider 8, thus forming a sliding guide structure of the lifting plate 9 along the vertical direction of the guide rail 7. The lifting sleeve 3 is vertically mounted on the lifting plate 9 and moves synchronously with the lifting plate 9. An L-shaped rod 10 is mounted on the lifting plate 9, and a return spring 11 is vertically mounted on the machine base 1. The two ends of the return spring 11 abut against the top of the L-shaped rod 10 and the machine base 1, respectively. The elastic restoring force of the return spring 11 applies an upward force to the L-shaped rod 10, so that the L-shaped rod 10 always has an upward tendency, thereby driving the lifting plate 9, the lifting sleeve 3 and the clamping head 2 to move upward and reset as a whole. A handle 12 is provided on the lifting plate 9. By holding the handle 12 and pressing it down, the operator can overcome the elastic resistance of the return spring 11 and drive the lifting plate 9 to slide down along the guide rail 7, so that the lifting sleeve 3 and the clamping head 2 move down synchronously to approach the workpiece. After releasing the handle 12, under the elastic recovery action of the return spring 11, the L-shaped rod 10 drives the lifting plate 9 to move up automatically, so that the lifting sleeve 3 and the clamping head 2 return to the initial height.

[0035] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the elastic floating component includes a slide block 13 and a buffer spring 14, wherein the top of the slide block 13 is located inside the lifting sleeve 3 and slides vertically therewith. The bottom of the slide block 13 extends out of the outside of the lifting sleeve 3 and is connected to the clamping head 2; The buffer spring 14 is disposed inside the lifting sleeve 3, and the two ends of the buffer spring 14 abut against the inner top of the lifting sleeve 3 and the top of the slide block 13, respectively. The buffer spring 14 is in a compressed state, and the outer wall of the lifting sleeve 3 is provided with a limiting annular groove 301 along the circumferential direction.

[0036] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 6 and Figure 7 The top of the slide block 13 is located inside the lifting sleeve 3 and forms a vertical sliding fit with the lifting sleeve 3. The bottom of the slide block 13 extends out of the lifting sleeve 3 and is connected to the clamping head 2, thus forming a vertical floating structure of the clamping head 2 relative to the lifting sleeve 3. The buffer spring 14 is set inside the lifting sleeve 3, with its two ends abutting against the inner top of the lifting sleeve 3 and the top of the slide block 13, respectively. The buffer spring 14 is in a compressed state. The pre-compression elastic force of the buffer spring 14 applies a downward elastic force to the slide block 13, so that the slide block 13 always has a tendency to move downward relative to the lifting sleeve 3, thereby ensuring that the clamping head 2 is in a relatively downward position under normal conditions. When the lifting sleeve 3 moves downward as a whole under the drive of the vertical guide mechanism, the clamping head 2 first contacts the metal precision part. As the lifting sleeve 3 continues to move downward, the metal precision part generates an upward reaction force on the clamping head 2, pushing the slide block 13 to slide upward relative to the lifting sleeve 3. At the same time, it further compresses the buffer spring 14. The elastic deformation of the buffer spring 14 provides the clamping head 2 with a floating buffer space in the vertical direction, so that the clamping head 2 can adaptively adjust according to the spherical shape of the metal precision part until the concave spherical surface of the bottom surface of the clamping head 2 fits against the outer circumferential spherical surface of the workpiece. The outer wall of the lifting sleeve 3 is provided with a limiting annular groove 301 along the circumferential direction. The limiting annular groove 301 is used to cooperate with the locking mechanism. After the clamping head 2 is fitted with the metal precision part, the locking mechanism performs radial and axial locking on the lifting sleeve 3 by embedding the limiting annular groove 301, limiting the displacement of the lifting sleeve 3, thereby fixing the position of the clamping head 2 and forming a stable clamping state. At this time, the elastic force of the buffer spring 14 continues to act on the slide 13 to maintain the clamping pressure of the clamping head 2 on the workpiece and ensure the reliability of clamping during the polishing process.

[0037] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the locking mechanism includes a crossbeam 15, a positioning cylinder 16 and a bushing 17, wherein the crossbeam 15 is horizontally and vertically mounted on the machine base 1. The positioning cylinder 16 is coaxial with the lifting sleeve 3 and is disposed on the crossbeam 15, and the bushing 17 is coaxially and vertically slidably disposed on the outer wall of the positioning cylinder 16. The outer wall of the positioning cylinder 16 is provided with a through hole 1601, the through hole 1601 is bowl-shaped, and there are multiple through holes 1601 that are evenly distributed along the circumference. Steel balls 19 are embedded in each of the multiple through holes 1601, and a retaining ring 1701 is provided on the inner wall of the bushing 17; The outer wall of the positioning cylinder 16 is fitted with a locking spring 18. The two ends of the locking spring 18 abut against the positioning cylinder 16 and the bushing 17 respectively. Under the action of the locking spring 18, the retaining ring 1701 on the bushing 17 is always in the position of the through hole 1601 when there is no external force, so as to push the multiple steel balls 19 in the center. When the bushing 17 overcomes the spring force of the locking spring 18 under the action of external force, causing the retaining ring 1701 to retract from the position of the through hole 1601, the lifting sleeve 3 is vertically moved down and inserted into the positioning cylinder 16. After the limiting ring groove 301 is aligned with the through hole 1601, the external force is removed, and the retaining ring 1701 is reset, which will cause multiple steel balls 19 to be embedded between multiple through holes 1601 and the limiting ring groove 301.

[0038] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 The crossbeam 15 is horizontally mounted on the machine base 1 and can be raised and lowered. The positioning cylinder 16 is coaxial with the lifting sleeve 3 and is mounted on the crossbeam 15. The bushing 17 is vertically and slidably mounted on the outer wall of the positioning cylinder 16, thus forming the overall lifting frame of the locking mechanism. The outer wall of the positioning cylinder 16 is provided with multiple bowl-shaped through holes 1601, which are evenly distributed along the circumference. Each through hole 1601 is fitted with a steel ball 19. The inner wall of the bushing 17 is provided with a retaining ring 17. 01. A locking spring 18 is sleeved on the outer wall of the positioning cylinder 16. The two ends of the locking spring 18 abut against the positioning cylinder 16 and the bushing 17 respectively. The elastic restoring force of the locking spring 18 applies an upward pushing force to the bushing 17, so that the bushing 17 remains in a relatively upper position when it is not subjected to external force. At this time, the retaining ring 1701 is exactly in the position of the through hole 1601, and pushes the multiple steel balls 19 in the center, pressing part of the steel balls 19 into the inside of the through hole 1601, forming a locking preparation state. When it is necessary to clamp the workpiece, first apply a downward external force to the bushing 17, causing the bushing 17 to overcome the elastic force of the locking spring 18 and slide downward along the outer wall of the positioning cylinder 16. The retaining ring 1701 moves down and moves away from the position of the through hole 1601. At this time, the steel ball 19 loses the central pushing constraint of the retaining ring 1701 and can move freely radially within the through hole 1601. Then, the lifting sleeve 3 is vertically moved down and inserted into the positioning cylinder 16, so that the limiting ring groove 301 on the outer wall of the lifting sleeve 3 is in contact with the positioning ring 16. After the through holes 1601 on the cylinder 16 are aligned and the external force on the bushing 17 is removed, the elastic restoring force of the locking spring 18 pushes the bushing 17 upward to reset, and the retaining ring 1701 returns to the position of the through hole 1601, pushing multiple steel balls 19 in the center so that the steel balls 19 are simultaneously embedded between the through hole 1601 and the limiting ring groove 301. Through the locking action of the steel balls 19, the lifting sleeve 3 is locked in the positioning cylinder 16, realizing the radial and axial locking of the lifting sleeve 3. The adjustable height of the crossbeam 15 makes the overall height of the locking mechanism adjustable, which can adapt to the locking requirements of the lifting sleeve 3 at different height positions, ensuring that effective locking can be implemented at any position after the clamping head 2 and the metal precision parts are fully engaged.

[0039] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the rotary drive mechanism includes a rotating shaft 20 and a reduction motor 21. The rotating shaft 20 is vertically rotatably mounted on the machine base 1, and the reduction motor 21 is mounted on the machine base 1. The output end of the reduction motor 21 is coaxially provided with a drive pulley 22. A driven pulley 23 is coaxially arranged on the rotating shaft 20. The driving pulley 22 and the driven pulley 23 are connected by a toothed belt 24. A gear 25 that meshes with the gear ring 5 is coaxially arranged on the rotating shaft 20.

[0040] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 8 and Figure 9 After the geared motor 21 starts, its output end drives the drive pulley 22 to rotate. The drive pulley 22 transmits the rotational power to the driven pulley 23 through the toothed belt 24. The driven pulley 23 drives the rotating shaft 20 to rotate around its vertical axis, and the gear 25 on the rotating shaft 20 rotates synchronously. Since gear 25 meshes with gear ring 5, the rotational motion of gear 25 is converted into the rotational motion of gear ring 5 around the axis of base 4, thereby driving gear ring 5 and the micro polishing machine 6 mounted on it to perform circumferential polishing motion around the outer spherical surface of the metal precision part.

[0041] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the radial adjustment mechanism includes a horizontal plate 26 and a lead screw 27. The horizontal plate 26 is horizontally arranged and connected to the gear ring 5 through a longitudinal arm 28. The length direction of the horizontal plate 26 is collinear with the radial direction of the gear ring 5. The lead screw 27 is rotatably mounted on the horizontal plate 26, and a slide 29 is slidably mounted on the horizontal plate 26. The slide 29 is threadedly engaged with the lead screw 27. The micro polishing machine 6 is mounted on the end of the slide 29 near the center, and a handwheel 30 is coaxially mounted on the end of the lead screw 27 away from the center.

[0042] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 10 and Figure 11 The operator rotates the handwheel 30, which drives the lead screw 27 to rotate around its axis. Since the slide 29 forms a sliding constraint with the horizontal plate 26 and is threadedly engaged with the lead screw 27, the rotational motion of the lead screw 27 is converted into linear movement of the slide 29 along the length of the horizontal plate 26, that is, movement along the radial direction of the gear ring 5. The slide 29 drives the micro polishing machine 6 to move radially synchronously, thereby changing the relative distance between the micro polishing machine 6 and the outer spherical surface of the metal precision part, and realizing the adjustment of the polishing contact position. When the gear ring 5 rotates around the axis of the base 4 under the action of the rotary drive mechanism, the cross plate 26, the lead screw 27, the slide 29 and the micro polishing machine 6 move circumferentially with the gear ring 5. The micro polishing machine 6 performs circumferential polishing around the outer spherical surface of the metal precision part. At the same time, the radial position of the micro polishing machine 6 can be independently adjusted by the handwheel 30 to adapt to the polishing requirements of spherical surfaces with different radii of curvature.

[0043] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0044] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A CNC machine tool for polishing the outer spherical surface of precision metal parts, comprising a machine base (1), a clamping head (2), and a lifting sleeve (3), characterized in that, The machine base (1) is provided with a vertical guide mechanism connected to the lifting sleeve (3), and the vertical guide mechanism can drive the lifting sleeve (3) to move in the vertical direction; The clamping head (2) is set at the bottom of the lifting sleeve (3) by an elastic floating component. The bottom surface of the clamping head (2) is a concave spherical surface that is adapted to the outer circumferential spherical surface of the metal precision part, and is used to clamp the metal precision part to be polished. A locking mechanism is provided on the machine base (1) and directly below the clamping head (2). When the vertical guide mechanism drives the lifting sleeve (3) and the clamping head (2) to move down synchronously and the clamping head (2) is in close contact with the metal precision part, the locking mechanism can lock the lifting sleeve (3) radially and axially. It also includes a base (4), a gear ring (5) and a micro polishing machine (6). The base (4) is located directly below the clamping head (2) and is fixedly connected to the bottom of the machine base (1). The top surface of the base (4) is a concave spherical surface that is adapted to the outer circumferential spherical surface of the metal precision part, which can cooperate with the clamping head (2) to clamp the metal precision part. The gear ring (5) is coaxially rotatably mounted on the outer cylindrical surface of the base (4). The machine base (1) is provided with a rotary drive mechanism that meshes with the gear ring (5) to drive the gear ring (5) to rotate around the axis of the base (4). A radial adjustment mechanism is provided on the gear ring (5). The micro polishing machine (6) is connected to the radial adjustment mechanism. Under the action of the radial adjustment mechanism, the micro polishing machine (6) can move along the radial direction of the gear ring (5) to adjust the contact position between the micro polishing machine (6) and the outer spherical surface of the metal precision part.

2. The CNC machine tool for polishing the outer circumference of precision metal parts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vertical guide mechanism includes a guide rail (7), a slider (8) and a lifting plate (9). The guide rail (7) is vertically mounted on the machine base (1), and the slider (8) is slidably mounted on the guide rail (7). The lifting plate (9) is horizontally connected to the slider (8), and the lifting sleeve (3) is vertically mounted on the lifting plate (9).

3. The CNC machine tool for polishing the outer circumference of precision metal parts according to claim 2, characterized in that, An L-shaped rod (10) is provided on the lifting plate (9), and a return spring (11) is vertically provided on the machine base (1). The two ends of the return spring (11) abut against the top of the L-shaped rod (10) and the machine base (1) respectively, so as to drive the L-shaped rod (10) to always have an upward tendency. The lifting plate (9) is provided with a handle (12).

4. The CNC machine tool for polishing the outer circumference of precision metal parts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The elastic floating assembly includes a slide (13) and a buffer spring (14), the top of which is located inside the lifting sleeve (3) and slides vertically therewith; The bottom of the slide (13) extends out of the outside of the lifting sleeve (3) and is connected to the clamping head (2).

5. A CNC machine tool for polishing the outer circumference of precision metal parts according to claim 4, characterized in that, The buffer spring (14) is disposed inside the lifting sleeve (3), and the two ends of the buffer spring (14) abut against the inner top of the lifting sleeve (3) and the top of the slide (13), respectively. The buffer spring (14) is in a compressed state, and the outer wall of the lifting sleeve (3) is provided with a limiting annular groove (301) along the circumferential direction.

6. A CNC machine tool for polishing the outer circumference of precision metal parts according to claim 5, characterized in that, The locking mechanism includes a crossbeam (15), a positioning cylinder (16), and a bushing (17). The crossbeam (15) is horizontally mounted on the machine base (1) and can be raised and lowered. The positioning cylinder (16) is coaxial with the lifting sleeve (3) and is mounted on the crossbeam (15). The bushing (17) is coaxially and vertically slidably mounted on the outer wall of the positioning cylinder (16).

7. A CNC machine tool for polishing the outer circumference of precision metal parts according to claim 6, characterized in that, The outer wall of the positioning cylinder (16) is provided with a through hole (1601), the through hole (1601) is bowl-shaped, and there are multiple through holes (1601) evenly distributed along the circumference; Steel balls (19) are embedded in each of the multiple through holes (1601), and a retaining ring (1701) is provided on the inner wall of the bushing (17).

8. A CNC machine tool for polishing the outer circumference of precision metal parts according to claim 7, characterized in that, The outer wall of the positioning cylinder (16) is fitted with a locking spring (18). The two ends of the locking spring (18) abut against the positioning cylinder (16) and the bushing (17) respectively. Under the action of the locking spring (18), the retaining ring (1701) on the bushing (17) is always in the position of the through hole (1601) without external force, so as to push the multiple steel balls (19) in the center. When the bushing (17) overcomes the elastic force of the locking spring (18) under the action of external force, and the retaining ring (1701) is removed from the position of the through hole (1601), the lifting sleeve (3) is vertically moved down and inserted into the positioning cylinder (16), so that the limiting ring groove (301) is aligned with the through hole (1601) and the external force is removed. The retaining ring (1701) will reset and cause multiple steel balls (19) to be fitted between multiple through holes (1601) and the limiting ring groove (301).

9. A CNC machine tool for polishing the outer circumference of precision metal parts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotary drive mechanism includes a rotating shaft (20) and a geared motor (21). The rotating shaft (20) is vertically rotatably mounted on the machine base (1). The geared motor (21) is mounted on the machine base (1). The output end of the geared motor (21) is coaxially provided with a drive pulley (22). A driven pulley (23) is coaxially arranged on the rotating shaft (20). The driving pulley (22) and the driven pulley (23) are connected by a toothed belt (24). A gear (25) that meshes with the toothed ring (5) is coaxially arranged on the rotating shaft (20).

10. A CNC machine tool for polishing the outer circumference of precision metal parts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The radial adjustment mechanism includes a horizontal plate (26) and a lead screw (27). The horizontal plate (26) is horizontally arranged and connected to the gear ring (5) through a longitudinal arm (28). The length direction of the horizontal plate (26) is collinear with the radial direction of the gear ring (5). The lead screw (27) is rotatably mounted on the horizontal plate (26), and a slide (29) is slidably mounted on the horizontal plate (26). The slide (29) is threadedly engaged with the lead screw (27). The micro polishing machine (6) is mounted on the end of the slide (29) near the center, and a handwheel (30) is coaxially mounted on the end of the lead screw (27) away from the center.

Images