Full-automatic conveying type sand blasting machine for bearing shell

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of surface treatment equipment, and discloses a full-automatic conveying type sand blasting machine for bearing shell; the sand blasting machine comprises a sand blasting cabin, a conveying device, a sand blasting device, an abrasive circulating and separating device, an automatic sand adding device, a dust removal device and a control system electrically connected with the devices. The sand blasting cabin is internally provided with a sand blasting chamber; the sand blasting device comprises a gun rack and a sand blasting gun arranged in the sand blasting chamber, the sand blasting gun is provided with an abrasive inlet, a compressed air inlet and a negative pressure detection port, the compressed air inlet is connected with compressed air, and the negative pressure detection port is provided with a vacuum sensor electrically connected with the control system. The conveying device conveys workpieces to the sand blasting chamber, the sand blasting gun sprays the workpieces, the abrasive circulating and separating device recycles and separates the abrasive generated in the sand blasting process and cyclically supplies the abrasive to the sand blasting gun, the automatic sand adding device supplements new abrasive to the abrasive circulating and separating device, and the dust removal device collects and processes dust generated in the sand blasting process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of surface treatment equipment technology, and in particular discloses a fully automatic conveying sandblasting machine for bearing housings. Background Technology

[0002] In the process of sandblasting the inner surface of bearing housing, existing sandblasting machines generally suffer from the core problem of low automation integration. Not only do they require manual loading and unloading and sandblasting parameter adjustment, but the abrasive recovery system is also poorly designed. A large amount of abrasive is lost with the airflow or accumulates inside the equipment, which increases production and maintenance costs and easily leads to clogging of the sandblasting gun, sandblasting position deviation, and unstable processing quality. It is difficult to meet the industrial production needs of bearing housing with large volume and high precision. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies of the existing technology, the purpose of this invention is to provide a fully automatic conveying sandblasting machine for bearing housings, which is especially suitable for continuous automated internal surface sandblasting of workpieces such as bearing housings and bearing bushes.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a fully automatic conveying sandblasting machine for bearing housings, comprising a sandblasting chamber, a conveying device, a sandblasting device, an abrasive circulation and separation device, an automatic sand feeding device, a dust removal device, and a control system electrically connected to each device; the sandblasting chamber is provided with a sandblasting chamber; the sandblasting device includes a gun holder disposed within the sandblasting chamber and a sandblasting gun disposed on the gun holder, the sandblasting gun having an abrasive inlet, a compressed air inlet, and a negative pressure detection port; compressed air is connected to the compressed air inlet, and a vacuum sensor electrically connected to the control system is provided at the negative pressure detection port; the conveying device uses... The workpiece is conveyed to the sandblasting chamber, where the sandblasting gun is used to sandblast the workpiece. The feed end of the abrasive circulation and separation device is connected to the bottom of the sandblasting chamber, and the discharge end of the abrasive circulation and separation device is connected to the abrasive inlet of the sandblasting gun. It is used to recover and separate the abrasive generated during sandblasting and circulate it to the sandblasting gun. The discharge end of the automatic abrasive feeding device is connected to the feed end of the abrasive circulation and separation device. It is used to replenish the abrasive circulation and separation device with new abrasive. The air inlet of the dust removal device is connected to the exhaust end of the abrasive circulation and separation device. It is used to collect and treat the dust generated during the sandblasting process.

[0005] Furthermore, the conveying device includes a mounting bracket, a first conveying unit and a second conveying unit symmetrically and inclinedly arranged on the mounting bracket. The conveying surface of the first conveying unit and the conveying surface of the second conveying unit together form a V-shaped conveying surface for supporting the workpiece. Both the first conveying unit and the second conveying unit have positioning components that cooperate with the V-shaped conveying surface. The positioning components are used to position the workpiece placed on the V-shaped conveying surface or the fixture carrying the workpiece in the axial and circumferential directions, so as to cooperate with the sandblasting gun to sandblast the inner surface of the workpiece.

[0006] Furthermore, the gun mount includes two support rods and a mounting assembly mounted on the two support rods. The mounting assembly includes two connecting rods, a connecting frame connecting the two connecting rods, and a mounting plate movably mounted on the connecting frame. One end of each connecting rod is rotatably mounted on the two support rods, and the other end of each connecting rod is connected to both ends of the connecting frame. The connecting frame has an arc-shaped hole, and the mounting plate is connected to the arc-shaped hole by bolts. The mounting plate has a strip-shaped hole, and the sandblasting gun is movably mounted on the mounting plate by bolts connecting to the strip-shaped hole. The extending direction of the strip-shaped hole is parallel to the radial direction of the arc-shaped hole, and the rotation axis of the connecting rod intersects the central axis of the arc-shaped hole.

[0007] Furthermore, the abrasive circulation separation device includes a screw conveyor, a sand return pipe, a bucket elevator, a cyclone separator, and a sand storage bin; a first conical funnel is provided at the bottom of the sandblasting chamber, the screw conveyor is installed inside the first conical funnel, the inlet of the bucket elevator is connected to the outlet of the screw conveyor through the sand return pipe, the outlet of the bucket elevator is connected to the inlet of the cyclone separator; the inlet of the sand storage bin is connected to the outlet of the cyclone separator.

[0008] Furthermore, the sand storage bin is equipped with a sandblasting flow regulator, which includes a sand guide pipe, a baffle plate that extends and retracts relative to the sand guide pipe, an air supply pipe connected to the sand guide pipe, and an air supply valve that is movably installed in the air supply pipe. The inlet end of the sand guide pipe is provided with a chamfered part, which is located inside the sand storage bin. The baffle plate extends and retracts relative to the chamfered part of the sand guide pipe to adjust the orifice diameter of the inlet end of the sand guide pipe. The outlet end of the sand guide pipe is connected to the abrasive inlet of the sandblasting gun. The air supply pipe is located between the inlet end and the outlet end of the sand guide pipe.

[0009] Furthermore, the bottom of the cyclone separator is provided with a second conical funnel, and a drawer-type magnetic suction frame and a tubular sand heater are provided between the bottom of the second conical funnel and the sand storage bin.

[0010] Furthermore, the cyclone separator is equipped with an adjustable vortex sleeve inside.

[0011] Furthermore, the sand storage bin is equipped with a porous breathing plate, and a breathing adjustment plate is movably installed on the porous breathing plate. The breathing adjustment plate has adjustment holes that match the positions of the holes in the porous breathing plate.

[0012] Furthermore, the automatic sand feeding device includes a hopper, an automatic feeding butterfly valve, and a feeding pipe; the hopper is in the shape of a cone-shaped funnel, with a feeding port at the top, and the bottom of the hopper is connected to the return sand pipe via the automatic feeding butterfly valve and the feeding pipe; inside the hopper, from top to bottom, there is a first perforated mesh plate and a second perforated mesh plate, with the center of the first perforated mesh plate being hollowed out, and the second perforated mesh plate being covered with filter holes.

[0013] Furthermore, a low-level sensor is installed at the bottom of the silo; both the automatic feeding butterfly valve and the low-level sensor are electrically connected to the control system. When the low-level sensor detects insufficient sand, the control system controls the automatic feeding butterfly valve to replenish sand into the return sand pipe in an intermittent opening and closing manner.

[0014] Furthermore, the sandblasting chamber is also equipped with a feeding auxiliary chamber and a discharging auxiliary chamber that are connected to the sandblasting chamber. The sandblasting chamber is located between the feeding auxiliary chamber and the discharging auxiliary chamber. The conveying device passes through the feeding auxiliary chamber, the sandblasting chamber, and the discharging auxiliary chamber. The top of the feeding auxiliary chamber and the discharging auxiliary chamber are equipped with air inlet and outlet guide components. The air inlet and outlet guide components include a vertically continuous enclosure, a perforated mesh plate set on the top of the enclosure, and a first inclined plate and a second inclined plate set inside the enclosure and below the perforated mesh plate. The first inclined plate and the second inclined plate intersect each other but do not contact each other, forming a zigzag airflow channel. The bottom of the feeding auxiliary chamber and the discharging auxiliary chamber are equipped with a fourth conical funnel, and the bottom of the fourth conical funnel is connected to the sand return pipe.

[0015] Furthermore, the dust removal device includes a reverse pulse cartridge dust collector and a third conical funnel disposed below it. The reverse pulse cartridge dust collector has multiple vertically arranged filter cartridges, and a pulse jet pipe is correspondingly provided above each filter cartridge. The air inlet end of the pulse jet pipe is connected to a compressed air supply unit. A gravity pre-settling chamber is provided on one side of the reverse pulse cartridge dust collector. The bottom of the gravity pre-settling chamber is inclined and connected to the third conical funnel. A movable storage hopper is provided below the third conical funnel.

[0016] Furthermore, the exhaust port of the reverse pulse cartridge dust collector is equipped with an exhaust silencer and a terminal filter.

[0017] Furthermore, the discharge chamber is equipped with an anti-static air knife, the air outlet of which faces the workpiece being conveyed by the conveying device, so as to blow the abrasive residue on the surface of the workpiece after sandblasting to the bottom of the sandblasting chamber for use with the abrasive circulation and separation device.

[0018] This invention achieves continuous and stable workpiece transport by setting up a conveying device that runs through the sandblasting chamber, and uses multiple adjustable sandblasting guns to perform targeted sandblasting treatment on the inner surface of the workpiece; the abrasive circulation and separation device realizes automatic recovery, classification and purification of abrasive through a screw conveyor, bucket elevator and cyclone separator, and an automatic sand adding device replenishes new abrasive to the sand return pipe to ensure a stable abrasive supply; the dust removal device collects and treats the dust generated during the sandblasting process, and the control system uniformly schedules the coordinated operation of all devices to realize the fully automated operation from workpiece transport, sandblasting treatment to abrasive circulation.

[0019] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention effectively solves the core problems of low automation and insufficient abrasive recovery in existing sandblasting machines, significantly improving production efficiency and the consistency of sandblasting quality; the abrasive recovery rate is greatly improved, reducing equipment operating costs, while reducing dust emissions and meeting environmental protection requirements; the equipment operates stably and reliably, can be adapted to bearing housings of different specifications, and has strong versatility. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the sandblasting machine of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the conveying device and sandblasting device of the sandblasting machine of the present invention; Figure 3 for Figure 2 A magnified structural diagram of part A in the middle; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the sandblasting gun of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the abrasive circulation separation device and sandblasting chamber of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the automatic sand-adding device of the present invention after cross-section; Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the abrasive circulation separation device of the present invention after cross-section; Figure 8 for Figure 7 A magnified structural diagram of part B in the middle section; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the dust removal device of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the sandblasting machine of the present invention after being cut apart; Figure 11 for Figure 10 A magnified structural diagram of section C.

[0021] The reference numerals in the figures include: 100. Workpiece; 1. Sandblasting chamber; 2. Conveying device; 3. Sandblasting device; 4. Abrasive circulation and separation device; 5. Automatic sand feeding device; 6. Dust removal device; 7. Control system; 11. Sandblasting chamber; 12. First conical funnel; 13. Feeding auxiliary chamber; 14. Discharge auxiliary chamber; 15. Inlet and outlet air guide assembly; 151. Enclosure plate; 152. Perforated mesh plate; 153. First inclined plate; 154. Second inclined plate; 16. Fourth conical funnel; 21. Mounting bracket; 22. First conveying unit; 23. Second conveying unit; 31. Gun holder; 311. Support rod; 312. Mounting assembly; 313. Connecting rod; 314. Connecting frame; 3141. Arc hole; 315. Mounting plate; 3151. Strip hole; 32. Sandblasting gun; 321. Abrasive inlet; 322. Compressed air inlet; 323. Negative pressure detection port; 41. 42. Sand return pipe; 421. Cyclone separator; 422. Second conical funnel; 423. Vortex sleeve; 44. Sand storage bin; 45. Porous breather plate; 46. Breathing regulating plate; 47. Regulating hole; 48. Sandblasting flow regulator; 49. Sand guide pipe; 40. Chamfered part; 41. Baffle plate; 42. Air supply pipe; 43. Air supply valve; 444. Drawer-type magnetic suction rack; 45. Tubular sand heater; 51. Hopper; 511. Feeding port; 52. Automatic feeding butterfly valve; 53. Feeding pipe; 54. First perforated mesh plate; 55. Second perforated mesh plate; 61. Reverse pulse filter cartridge dust collector; 611. Filter cartridge; 612. Pulse jet pipe; 613. Compressed air supply unit; 62. Third conical funnel; 63. Gravity pre-settling chamber; 64. Movable storage hopper; 65. Exhaust silencer; 66. Terminal filter. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention in achieving its intended purpose, the following detailed description of the specific implementation methods, structures, features, and effects of the present invention, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, is provided below.

[0023] Please see Figures 1 to 11As shown, this invention discloses a fully automatic conveying sandblasting machine for bearing housings. The machine employs a modular integrated design and is primarily used for continuous automated internal surface sandblasting of workpieces 100, such as bearing housings and bearing bushes. The sandblasting chamber 1 is constructed from welded steel plates with a rust-proof surface, forming a sealed processing space. A conveying device 2 runs horizontally through the entire sandblasting chamber 1, continuously conveying the workpiece 100 from the inlet to the outlet. A sandblasting device 3 is installed at the top of the sandblasting chamber 11, directly opposite the V-shaped conveying surface of the conveying device 2. An abrasive circulation and separation device 4 is located on one side of the sandblasting chamber 1 and connected to the bottom of the sandblasting chamber 11 via a return sand pipe 41. An automatic sand feeding device 5 is integrated into the return sand pipe 41 of the abrasive circulation and separation device 4. A dust removal device 6 is located behind the abrasive circulation and separation device 4 and connected to the exhaust port of a cyclone separator 42 via a pipe. The control system 7 uses a PLC programmable controller, installed in an independent electrical control cabinet, and is electrically connected to the motors, sensors, and valves of each device via cables to achieve fully automated control of the entire process.

[0024] In this embodiment, the conveying device 2 includes a mounting bracket 21, a first conveying unit 22 and a second conveying unit 23 symmetrically and inclinedly arranged on the mounting bracket 21. The mounting bracket 21 consists of a square support tube and multiple Y-shaped support frames. The square support tube extends horizontally, and the multiple Y-shaped support frames are equally spaced along the length of the square support tube. The lower part of each Y-shaped support frame is fixed to the square support tube by bolts, and the upper part forms a V-shaped support portion.

[0025] Specifically, the first conveying unit 22 and the second conveying unit 23 are respectively installed on the outer side of the two symmetrical inclined arms of the V-shaped support, and their upper surfaces together form an upward-opening V-shaped conveying surface.

[0026] The first conveying unit 22 includes a first drive motor, a first reducer, a first driving pulley, a first driven pulley, and a first synchronous conveyor belt. The first drive motor is fixedly connected to the input end of the first reducer via a flange. The first driving pulley is fixed to the output shaft of the first reducer via a flat key. The first driven pulley is rotatably mounted on the other end of the inclined arm via a bearing. The first synchronous conveyor belt is sleeved on the first driving pulley and the first driven pulley. The inner side of the conveyor belt is provided with synchronous teeth that mesh with the tooth grooves of the pulleys.

[0027] The structure of the second conveying unit 23 is exactly the same as that of the first conveying unit 22, and it is arranged symmetrically with the first conveying unit 22 about the longitudinal center line of the mounting bracket 21.

[0028] The first conveying unit 22 and the second conveying unit 23 are both provided with positioning components on their inner sides. The positioning components include concave side plates and positioning elements. The concave side plates are mounted on the mounting bracket 21. The concave side plates have slots extending along the conveying direction. The positioning elements are snapped and fixed in the slots.

[0029] The positioning component is a cuboid permanent magnet made of neodymium iron boron material. Multiple positioning components are evenly spaced along the length of the mounting bracket 21 to generate a uniform adsorption force, thereby axially and circumferentially positioning the workpiece 100 or fixture placed on the V-shaped conveying surface.

[0030] Compared to the existing technology that uses a flat conveyor belt and mechanical clamping mechanism, this solution uses a V-shaped conveyor surface and magnetic adsorption positioning structure, which can prevent the workpiece from rolling and shifting 100 degrees without additional clamping action, avoids the clamping mechanism from blocking the sandblasting area, and significantly improves sandblasting accuracy and production efficiency.

[0031] Specifically, the gun mount 31 includes two vertically arranged support rods 311 and a mounting assembly 312 disposed on the two support rods 311.

[0032] Two support rods 311 are fixed on the inner walls of both sides of the sandblasting chamber 11 respectively. The mounting assembly 312 includes two connecting rods 313, a connecting frame 314 and a mounting plate 315.

[0033] One end of each of the two connecting rods 313 is rotatably connected to the upper part of the two support rods 311 via pins, and the other end is fixedly connected to both ends of the connecting frame 314 via bolts. The connecting frame 314 has an arc-shaped hole 3141, and the mounting plate 315 is connected to the arc-shaped hole 3141 via bolts. Loosening the bolts allows the mounting plate 315 to slide along the arc-shaped hole 3141, thereby adjusting the spray angle of the sandblasting gun 32.

[0034] The mounting plate 315 has a strip-shaped hole 3151. The extension direction of the strip-shaped hole 3151 is parallel to the radial direction of the arc hole 3141. The sandblasting gun 32 is fixed to the mounting plate 315 by bolts and the strip-shaped hole 3151. Loosening the bolts allows the sandblasting gun 32 to slide along the strip-shaped hole 3151, thereby adjusting the spraying distance.

[0035] The rotation axis of the connecting rod 313 intersects with the central axis of the arc hole 3141, ensuring that the spray center of the sandblasting gun 32 is always aligned with the rotation center of the workpiece 100 during the angle adjustment process.

[0036] Compared to the existing technology that uses a fixed gun holder 31, this solution uses a three-level adjustment structure of rotating connecting rod 313, adjusting the angle of arc hole 3141, and adjusting the distance of strip hole 3151. This enables precise positioning of the sandblasting gun 32 in three-dimensional space, adapting to the sandblasting needs of workpieces 100 of different specifications, and making it more versatile.

[0037] Specifically, the connecting frame 314 has two arc-shaped holes 3141, and a mounting plate 315 and a gun holder 31 are installed on each arc-shaped hole 3141.

[0038] In this embodiment, eight mounting components 312 are installed on the two support rods 311. Each of the seven mounting components 312 at the front end is equipped with two sandblasting guns 32, and one sandblasting gun 32 is installed on the one mounting component 312 at the rear end. In actual use, the components can be flexibly adjusted according to the requirements.

[0039] Each sandblasting gun 32 has a compressed air inlet 322 connected to a programmable electrical regulator. The programmable electrical regulator is connected to the compressed air system (not shown in the figure), and the control system 7 precisely controls the spray pressure of each sandblasting gun 32 through the electrical regulator. A low-pressure air pressure sensor is installed on the main pipeline of the compressed air system. The low-pressure air pressure sensor is electrically connected to the control system 7 and is used to monitor the pressure of the main compressed air pipeline in real time.

[0040] Compared to the existing technology that uses a manual pressure regulating valve, this solution achieves automatic and precise pressure control through a programmable electrical regulator. Combined with real-time monitoring by a low-pressure air sensor, it can ensure stable and consistent sandblasting pressure and improve the repeatability of sandblasting quality.

[0041] Preferably, the minimum distance between the nozzle of the sandblasting gun 32 and the surface of the workpiece 100 is not less than 50mm, so as to avoid the sand material ejected from the nozzle being deflected or slowed down by the sand material rebounded from the workpiece 100, and to ensure the uniformity of the sandblasting impact force and the treatment effect.

[0042] In this embodiment, the abrasive circulation separation device 4 includes a screw conveyor, a sand return pipe 41, a bucket elevator, a cyclone separator 42, and a sand storage bin 43.

[0043] Specifically, a first conical funnel 12 is provided at the bottom of the sandblasting chamber 11. A screw conveyor is horizontally installed inside the first conical funnel 12, with its feed end extending to the bottom of the funnel and its discharge end connected to one end of the return sand pipe 41. The other end of the return sand pipe 41 is connected to the bottom feed port of the bucket elevator, and the top discharge port of the bucket elevator is connected to the upper feed port of the cyclone separator 42.

[0044] The cyclone separator 42 adopts a vertical structure, forming a rotating airflow inside. Centrifugal force is used to separate abrasive particles from dust. Heavier abrasive particles fall along the inner wall of the separator, while lighter dust is discharged from the top exhaust port with the airflow. A sand storage bin 43 is located directly below the cyclone separator 42, with its top inlet connected to the bottom outlet of the cyclone separator 42. It is used to store the separated, qualified abrasive particles.

[0045] Specifically, the sand storage bin 43 is equipped with a sandblasting flow regulator 44, which includes a sand guide pipe 441, a baffle plate 442, an air supply pipe 443, and an air supply valve 444.

[0046] The sand guide pipe 441 is horizontally installed inside the sand storage bin 43. Its right end is the feed end, which has an upward-facing chamfered portion 4411, and its left end is the discharge end. It is connected to the abrasive inlet 321 of the sand blasting gun 32 via a hose. The baffle plate 442 is sleeved on the outside of the feed end of the sand guide pipe 441 and can slide up and down along the sand guide pipe 441. By adjusting the gap between the baffle plate 442 and the chamfered portion 4411, the feed orifice diameter of the sand guide pipe 441 can be adjusted, thereby controlling the abrasive flow rate.

[0047] One end of the air supply pipe 443 is connected to the middle of the sand guide pipe 441. The air supply valve 444 is installed at the outer end of the air supply pipe 443 to adjust the amount of compressed air supplied. When the abrasive flow rate is too low, the air supply valve 444 can be opened to introduce a small amount of compressed air into the sand guide pipe 441 to form an air-sand mixture flow and prevent the abrasive from clogging in the sand guide pipe 441.

[0048] Specifically, the sand guide pipe 441 is fixed to the bottom of the sand storage bin 43 by locking screws. Loosening the locking screws allows adjustment of the insertion depth of the sand guide pipe 441 into the sand storage bin 43, thereby adjusting the abrasive flow rate. When the sand guide pipe 441 is inserted too deeply, the abrasive flow rate will be too high and intermittent leakage will occur; moving the sand guide pipe 441 upwards will reduce the abrasive flow rate. Compared to the existing technology that uses a fixed sand guide pipe 441, this solution, with its screw-locked adjustable structure, can flexibly adjust the flow rate according to different sand densities and sandblasting requirements, making it more widely applicable.

[0049] In addition, this solution adjusts the feed hole diameter by using the baffle plate 442 and adjusts the air flow by using the air replenishment valve 444, which can achieve precise control of the abrasive flow and effectively prevent the occurrence of material blockage.

[0050] Preferably, in this embodiment, there are two sets of sandblasting flow regulators 44. Inside the sand storage bin 43, there is a V-shaped baffle with the opening facing downward. The two sets of sandblasting flow regulators 44 are located on both sides of the V-shaped baffle and are staggered in height. The V-shaped baffle diverts the falling abrasive to the two sets of sandblasting flow regulators 44.

[0051] Preferably, the bottom of the cyclone separator 42 is provided with a second conical funnel 421, and a drawer-type magnetic suction frame 45 and a tubular sand heater 46 are connected in series between the bottom of the second conical funnel 421 and the sand storage bin 43.

[0052] The drawer-type magnetic chuck 45 has a square box structure with a removable magnetic chuck inside. The magnetic chuck has multiple strong magnetic bars arranged on it. When the abrasive flows through the magnetic chuck, the ferromagnetic impurities mixed in it will be attracted by the strong magnetic bars. The impurities can be cleaned by periodically removing the magnetic chuck.

[0053] The tubular abrasive heater 46 consists of two parallel seamless steel pipes. The outer wall is wrapped with electric heating wire and covered with an insulation layer. When the abrasive flows through the steel pipe, it is heated to 40-60℃ to remove moisture from the abrasive and prevent abrasive from clumping.

[0054] Specifically, a vibrator is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the sand storage bin 43. The vibrator is electrically connected to the control system 7 and can generate high-frequency vibration to prevent the abrasive from clumping or bridging on the inner wall of the sand storage bin 43, and to ensure that the abrasive can flow smoothly into the sand guide pipe 441.

[0055] The cyclone separator 42 has an adjustable vortex sleeve 422 inside. The vortex sleeve 422 is fixed to the upper part of the separator by a tensioning clamp. The sleeve can be slid up and down by loosening the tensioning clamp to adjust the vortex length and thus optimize the separation effect.

[0056] Compared to existing abrasive circulation systems that lack iron removal and heating functions, this solution effectively removes iron impurities and moisture from the abrasive, significantly improving abrasive quality and avoiding problems such as spray gun clogging and unstable sandblasting quality.

[0057] Specifically, the top of the sand storage bin 43 is provided with a porous breathing plate 431, which has multiple circular holes. A breathing adjustment plate 432 is installed above the porous breathing plate 431 by means of bolts and strip holes 3151. The breathing adjustment plate 432 has adjustment holes 433 that match the hole positions of the porous breathing plate 431.

[0058] The overlapping area of ​​the regulating hole 433 and the circular hole can be adjusted by the breathing regulating plate 432, thereby controlling the ventilation between the sand storage bin 43 and the outside world, and thus changing the airflow speed inside the cyclone separator 42.

[0059] When processing lightweight abrasives, the airflow can be increased and the exhaust velocity reduced to make it easier for abrasive particles to escape the airflow; when processing heavy abrasives, the airflow can be reduced and the exhaust velocity increased to enhance the separation effect.

[0060] Compared to the existing technology that uses a fixed breathing plate, this solution can flexibly adjust the airflow parameters according to different abrasive characteristics, which significantly improves the separation efficiency of the cyclone separator 42.

[0061] In this embodiment, the automatic sand feeding device 5 includes a hopper 51, an automatic feeding butterfly valve 52, and a feeding pipe 53.

[0062] The hopper 51 is in the shape of a cone-shaped funnel. The top is equipped with a feeding port 511 with a sealing cover. The bottom is connected to the inlet of the automatic feeding butterfly valve 52 through a flange. The outlet of the automatic feeding butterfly valve 52 is connected to the return sand pipe 41 through the feeding pipe 53.

[0063] The hopper 51 has a first perforated mesh plate 54 and a second perforated mesh plate 55 arranged from top to bottom. The first perforated mesh plate 54 has a hollow center to intercept large impurities, and the second perforated mesh plate 55 is covered with filter holes to intercept small impurities.

[0064] When sand needs to be added, open the sealing cover on the top of the hopper 51 and pour the new abrasive into the hopper 51. After two stages of filtration, the abrasive enters the return sand pipe 41 through the automatic feeding butterfly valve 52 and the feeding pipe 53. It is then automatically sucked into the abrasive circulation system by utilizing the negative pressure in the return sand pipe 41.

[0065] Specifically, a low level sensor is provided at the bottom of the hopper 51. The low level sensor adopts a capacitive level switch, and its detection end extends into the hopper 51.

[0066] Both the automatic feeding butterfly valve 52 and the low level sensor are electrically connected to the control system 7. When the low level sensor detects that the sand in the hopper 51 is lower than the set position, it sends a signal to the control system 7. The control system 7 controls the automatic feeding butterfly valve 52 to feed sand into the return sand pipe 41 in an intermittent opening and closing manner. For example, the valve is opened for 3-5 seconds and then closed for 10-15 seconds. This process is repeated until the sand reaches the set position.

[0067] In this embodiment, the sandblasting chamber 1 is further provided with a feeding auxiliary chamber 13 and a discharging auxiliary chamber 14 that are connected to the sandblasting chamber 11. The sandblasting chamber 11 is located between the feeding auxiliary chamber 13 and the discharging auxiliary chamber 14. The conveying device 2 passes through the feeding auxiliary chamber 13, the sandblasting chamber 11 and the discharging auxiliary chamber 14 in sequence.

[0068] The feeding auxiliary chamber 13 and the sandblasting chamber 11, as well as the sandblasting chamber 11 and the discharging auxiliary chamber 14, are separated by multiple layers of rubber curtain partitions to form multiple seals and prevent dust leakage.

[0069] The top of both the feeding auxiliary chamber 13 and the discharging auxiliary chamber 14 is provided with an air inlet / outlet guide assembly 15. The air inlet / outlet guide assembly 15 includes a vertically continuous enclosure 151, a perforated mesh plate 152 fixed to the top of the enclosure 151, and a first inclined plate 153 and a second inclined plate 154 fixed inside the enclosure 151.

[0070] The first inclined plate 153 and the second inclined plate 154 intersect each other but do not contact each other, together forming a Z-shaped zigzag airflow channel. Both the material auxiliary chamber and the discharge auxiliary chamber 14 are equipped with a fourth conical funnel 16 at their bottom. The bottom of the fourth conical funnel 16 is connected to the return sand pipe 41 through a pipe. When the airflow containing abrasive enters the zigzag channel, the abrasive particles impact the inclined plate due to inertia, lose kinetic energy, and fall to the conical funnel at the bottom, and then enter the abrasive circulation system through the return sand pipe 41.

[0071] Compared to the straight-tube air inlet and outlet method used in the existing technology, this solution can effectively intercept the abrasive entrained by the airflow through the baffle-type flow guide structure, which significantly improves the abrasive recovery rate and reduces abrasive loss.

[0072] Specifically, the dust removal device 6 includes a reverse pulse cartridge dust collector 61 and a third conical funnel 62 disposed below it. The reverse pulse cartridge dust collector 61 has four vertically arranged filter cartridges 611 inside, and a pulse jet pipe 612 is disposed above each filter cartridge 611. The air inlet end of the pulse jet pipe 612 is connected to the compressed air supply unit 613.

[0073] A gravity pre-settling chamber 63 is provided on the left side of the dust collector. The bottom of the pre-settling chamber is inclined and communicates with the third conical funnel 62. A movable storage hopper 64 is provided directly below the third conical funnel 62. An exhaust silencer 65 and a terminal filter 66 are provided in sequence at the exhaust port of the dust collector.

[0074] The dust-laden airflow first enters the gravity pre-settling chamber 63, where large dust particles settle directly into the third conical funnel 62 under gravity. Fine dust particles are carried by the airflow into the filter cartridge 611 and are adsorbed onto the outer wall of the cartridge. The control system 7 controls the pulse valve to open at regular intervals, and high-pressure air is instantly injected into the filter cartridge through the pulse jet pipe 612, blowing the adsorbed dust off into the movable storage hopper 64. The purified air passes through the exhaust silencer 65 and the terminal filter 66 before being discharged in compliance with emission standards.

[0075] Compared to the existing technology that uses bag filters, this solution adopts a cartridge filter with gravity pre-settling structure, which has higher filtration efficiency, smaller size, better dust removal effect, and lower operating noise.

[0076] Preferably, the discharge chamber 14 is equipped with an anti-static air knife, which is arranged along the width of the conveying device 2, with its air outlet facing the V-shaped conveying surface of the conveying device 2 at a 45° angle to the surface of the workpiece 100. When the sandblasted workpiece 100 passes under the air knife, high-pressure clean air is ejected from the air knife, blowing the abrasive residue remaining on the surface of the workpiece 100 and in the through holes of the fixture down to the fourth conical funnel 16 at the bottom of the discharge chamber 14, and then into the abrasive circulation system through the return sand pipe 41.

[0077] The anti-static design effectively reduces electrostatic adsorption, preventing abrasive particles from adhering to the surface of workpiece 100. Compared to the existing technology that uses ordinary compressed air for cleaning, this solution uses an anti-static air knife, resulting in better cleaning and thorough removal of residual abrasive particles from the surface of workpiece 100, thus improving product quality.

[0078] Specifically, the control system 7 also includes an HMI (Human Machine Interface). The HMI stores sandblasting formulas corresponding to different specifications of bearing housings. The sandblasting formulas include parameters such as conveying speed, spraying pressure of each sandblasting gun 32, sandblasting time, and abrasive flow rate. Operators only need to select the formula of the corresponding specification, and the system can automatically load all process parameters.

[0079] The control system 7 is configured to start the dust removal system before the abrasive circulation separation device 4 and stop it after the abrasive circulation separation device 4, so as to ensure that the dust in the system can be completely removed before and after the sandblasting operation.

[0080] The workflow of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to this embodiment: When the fully automatic conveyor-type sandblasting machine for bearing housings of this invention is running, the main power supply of the equipment is first turned on, the PLC controller and HMI human-machine interface in the electrical control cabinet are started, and the system automatically performs a self-check of all components. The operator selects the sandblasting formula corresponding to the bearing housing specification on the HMI human-machine interface, and the system automatically loads the conveyor speed, the 32 spray pressure of each sandblasting gun, the sandblasting time, and the abrasive flow rate parameters. The programmable electrical regulator automatically adjusts to the set pressure.

[0081] Then, each system is started in sequence. First, the dust removal system is started to create a slightly negative pressure environment in the sandblasting chamber 1. Then, the abrasive circulation and separation system is started. The vibrator on the outer wall of the sand storage silo 43 and the tubular sand heater 46 are started simultaneously. Finally, the conveying device 2 is started to drive the V-shaped conveyor belt to run without load.

[0082] The bearing housing to be sandblasted is manually loaded into a special arc-shaped fixture. The inner side of the fixture fits against the outer circle of the bearing housing, and the outer side forms surface contact with the V-shaped conveyor surface for positioning. The fixture with the workpiece 100 loaded is placed at the feed end of the conveyor device 2. The permanent magnet inside the conveyor device 2 generates a uniform magnetic field, which attracts the magnetically conductive fixture to achieve axial and circumferential positioning.

[0083] The fixture moves forward with the conveyor belt, pushes open the rubber curtain partition of the feed chamber 13 and enters the chamber. The baffle-type air inlet and outlet guide assembly 15 at the top of the feed chamber 13 intercepts the abrasive carried by the airflow. The abrasive falls to the bottom fourth conical funnel 16 and flows into the return sand pipe 41 to enter the abrasive circulation system.

[0084] When the fixture enters the sandblasting chamber 11, the photoelectric sensor at the inlet detects that the workpiece 100 is in place and sends a signal. The control system 7 then starts the corresponding sandblasting gun 32 according to the preset formula. Compressed air is regulated by a programmable electrical regulator and then ejected from the compressed air inlet 322 of the sandblasting gun 32, creating a negative pressure in the gun body. This pressure draws the abrasive from the sand storage bin 43 into the gun body through the sand guide pipe 441, mixes it, and then ejects it from the nozzle. The mixture is then precisely sprayed onto the inner surface of the workpiece 100 through the through hole on the fixture.

[0085] During the sandblasting process, the low-pressure air pressure sensor on the compressed air pipeline monitors the main pipe pressure in real time, and the gun-type vacuum sensor inside each sandblasting gun 32 monitors the negative pressure value in real time. If any parameter exceeds the tolerance range, the system will immediately alarm and suspend the operation.

[0086] After impact, the abrasive and impurities fall into the first conical funnel 12 at the bottom of the blasting chamber 11, and are then conveyed by a screw conveyor to the return sand pipe 41, and sent to the cyclone separator 42 by a bucket elevator. The abrasive is centrifugally classified in the cyclone separator 42. The qualified abrasive falls and is removed by iron removal by a drawer-type magnetic chuck 45 and dried by a tubular sand heater 46 before entering the sand storage bin 43. The dust enters the dust removal system with the airflow.

[0087] Operators can rotate the breathing adjustment plate 432 on the top of the sand storage bin 43 to optimize the separation effect, and loosen the locking screw of the sand guide pipe 441 to adjust the depth of the sand guide pipe 441 up and down to control the abrasive flow rate.

[0088] When the low material level sensor in the silo 51 detects that the abrasive material is insufficient, the control system 7 controls the automatic feeding butterfly valve 52 to feed material in an intermittent opening and closing manner, and uses the negative pressure in the return sand pipe 41 to suck the new abrasive material from the silo 51 into the return sand pipe 41.

[0089] After the new abrasive and the recycled abrasive are mixed, they undergo a complete purification process before entering the sand storage bin 43 to ensure consistent abrasive quality.

[0090] After sandblasting, the jig enters the discharge chamber 14. An anti-static air knife sprays high-pressure clean air, blowing off any residual abrasive from the surface of the workpiece 100. The abrasive falls into the fourth conical funnel 16 at the bottom of the discharge chamber 14 and flows into the return sand pipe 41. The cleaned jig is then conveyed out of the discharge chamber 14 by a conveyor belt. After the workpiece 100 is removed, the empty jig returns to the loading station for reuse.

[0091] After all workpieces 100 have been processed, stop the machine in the reverse order of startup. First, stop the conveying device 2, then stop the abrasive circulation separation system, and after a certain delay, stop the dust removal system to ensure that the residual dust in the system is completely removed.

[0092] During routine maintenance, regularly pull out the drawer-type magnetic suction rack 45 to clean iron filings and clean the dust in the movable storage hopper 64 of the dust collector; when replacing the conveyor belt, remove the old belt from the discharge end, insert the new belt and fix it with the positioning pin, and adjust the tension and alignment.

[0093] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fully automatic conveying sandblasting machine for bearing housings, characterized in that: The system includes a sandblasting chamber (1), a conveying device (2), a sandblasting device (3), an abrasive circulation and separation device (4), an automatic sand feeding device (5), a dust removal device (6), and a control system (7) electrically connected to each device. The sandblasting chamber (1) is equipped with a sandblasting chamber (11). The sandblasting device (3) includes a gun holder (31) installed in the sandblasting chamber (11) and a sandblasting gun (32) installed on the gun holder (31). The sandblasting gun (32) has an abrasive inlet (321), a compressed air inlet (322), and a negative pressure detection port (323). Compressed air is connected to the compressed air inlet (322), and a vacuum sensor electrically connected to the control system (7) is provided at the negative pressure detection port (323). The conveying device (2) is used to convey the workpiece (100) to the sandblasting chamber (11), and the sandblasting gun (32) is used to sandblast the workpiece (100) in the sandblasting chamber (11). The feed end of the abrasive circulation separation device (4) is connected to the bottom of the sandblasting chamber (11), and the discharge end of the abrasive circulation separation device (4) is connected to the abrasive inlet (321) of the sandblasting gun (32), which is used to recover and separate the abrasive generated by sandblasting and circulate it to the sandblasting gun (32); the discharge end of the automatic sand adding device (5) is connected to the feed end of the abrasive circulation separation device (4), which is used to replenish the abrasive circulation separation device (4) with new abrasive; the air inlet of the dust removal device (6) is connected to the exhaust end of the abrasive circulation separation device (4), which is used to collect and treat the dust generated during the sandblasting process.

2. The fully automatic conveying sandblasting machine for bearing housings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conveying device (2) includes a mounting bracket (21), a first conveying unit (22) and a second conveying unit (23) symmetrically and inclinedly arranged on the mounting bracket (21). The conveying surface of the first conveying unit (22) and the conveying surface of the second conveying unit (23) together form a V-shaped conveying surface for supporting the workpiece (100). The first conveying unit (22) and the second conveying unit (23) both have positioning components that cooperate with the V-shaped conveying surface. The positioning components are used to position the workpiece (100) placed on the V-shaped conveying surface or the fixture carrying the workpiece (100) in the axial and circumferential directions, so as to cooperate with the sandblasting gun (32) to blast the inner surface of the workpiece (100).

3. The fully automatic conveying sandblasting machine for bearing housings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gun mount (31) includes two support rods (311) and a mounting assembly (312) mounted on the two support rods (311). The mounting assembly (312) includes two connecting rods (313), a connecting frame (314) connected between the two connecting rods (313), and a mounting plate (315) movably mounted on the connecting frame (314). One end of each of the two connecting rods (313) is rotatably mounted on the two support rods (311), and the other end of each of the two connecting rods (313) is respectively engaged with both ends of the connecting frame (314). The connecting frame (314) is provided with an arc hole (3141), and the mounting plate (315) is connected to the arc hole (3141) by bolts. The mounting plate (315) is provided with a strip hole (3151). The sandblasting gun (32) is movably mounted on the mounting plate (315) by bolts and the strip hole (3151). The extension direction of the strip hole (3151) is parallel to the radial direction of the arc hole (3141), and the rotation axis of the connecting rod (313) intersects the central axis of the arc hole (3141).

4. The fully automatic conveying sandblasting machine for bearing housings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The abrasive circulation separation device (4) includes a screw conveyor, a sand return pipe (41), a bucket elevator, a cyclone separator (42), and a sand storage bin (43); the bottom of the sandblasting chamber (11) is provided with a first conical funnel (12), the screw conveyor is set in the first conical funnel (12), the feed port of the bucket elevator is connected to the discharge port of the screw conveyor through the sand return pipe (41), and the discharge port of the bucket elevator is connected to the feed port of the cyclone separator (42); the feed port of the sand storage bin (43) is connected to the discharge port of the cyclone separator (42).

5. The fully automatic conveying sandblasting machine for bearing housings according to claim 4, characterized in that: The sand storage bin (43) is equipped with a sandblasting flow regulator (44). The sandblasting flow regulator (44) includes a sand guide pipe (441), a baffle plate (442) that extends and retracts relative to the sand guide pipe (441), an air supply pipe (443) that communicates with the sand guide pipe (441), and an air supply valve (444) that is movably installed in the air supply pipe (443). The feed end of the sand guide pipe (441) is provided with a chamfered part (4411), which is located in the sand storage bin (43). The baffle plate (442) extends and retracts relative to the chamfered part (4411) of the sand guide pipe (441) to adjust the aperture of the feed end of the sand guide pipe (441). The discharge end of the sand guide pipe (441) is connected to the abrasive inlet (321) of the sandblasting gun (32). The air supply pipe (443) is located between the feed end and the discharge end of the sand guide pipe (441).

6. The fully automatic conveying sandblasting machine for bearing housings according to claim 4, characterized in that: The sand storage bin (43) is provided with a porous breathing plate (431), and a breathing adjustment plate (432) is movably provided on the porous breathing plate (431). The breathing adjustment plate (432) is provided with adjustment holes (433) that match the hole positions of the porous breathing plate (431).

7. The fully automatic conveying sandblasting machine for bearing housings according to claim 4, characterized in that: The automatic sand feeding device (5) includes a hopper (51), an automatic feeding butterfly valve (52), and a feeding pipe (53); the hopper (51) is in the shape of a cone funnel, and the top of the hopper (51) is provided with a feeding port (511). The bottom of the hopper (51) is connected to the return sand pipe (41) in sequence through the automatic feeding butterfly valve (52) and the feeding pipe (53); the hopper (51) is provided with a first perforated mesh plate (54) and a second perforated mesh plate (55) from top to bottom. The middle part of the first perforated mesh plate (54) is hollowed out, and the second perforated mesh plate (55) is covered with filter holes.

8. The fully automatic conveying sandblasting machine for bearing housings according to claim 7, characterized in that: The bottom of the silo (51) is equipped with a low level sensor; the automatic feeding butterfly valve (52) and the low level sensor are both electrically connected to the control system (7). When the low level sensor detects that the sand is insufficient, the control system (7) controls the automatic feeding butterfly valve (52) to feed sand into the return sand pipe (41) in an intermittent opening and closing manner.

9. The fully automatic conveying sandblasting machine for bearing housings according to claim 4, characterized in that: The sandblasting chamber (1) is also equipped with a feeding auxiliary chamber (13) and a discharging auxiliary chamber (14) connected to the sandblasting chamber (11). The sandblasting chamber (11) is located between the feeding auxiliary chamber (13) and the discharging auxiliary chamber (14). The conveying device (2) passes through the feeding auxiliary chamber (13), the sandblasting chamber (11), and the discharging auxiliary chamber (14). The top of the feeding auxiliary chamber (13) and the discharging auxiliary chamber (14) are both equipped with air inlet and outlet guide components (15). The air inlet and outlet guide components (15) include a vertically continuous enclosure (151). A perforated mesh plate (152) is set on top of the enclosure (151), and a first inclined plate (153) and a second inclined plate (154) are set inside the enclosure (151) below the perforated mesh plate (152). The first inclined plate (153) and the second inclined plate (154) intersect each other and do not contact each other, forming a zigzag airflow channel. The bottom of the feed chamber (13) and the discharge chamber (14) are both provided with a fourth conical funnel (16), and the bottom of the fourth conical funnel (16) is connected to the return sand pipe (41).

10. The fully automatic conveying sandblasting machine for bearing housings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dust removal device (6) includes a reverse pulse cartridge dust collector (61) and a third conical funnel (62) disposed below it. The reverse pulse cartridge dust collector (61) has multiple vertically arranged filter cartridges (611). Each filter cartridge (611) is provided with a pulse jet pipe (612) above it. The air inlet end of the pulse jet pipe (612) is connected to a compressed air supply unit (613). A gravity pre-settling chamber (63) is provided on one side of the reverse pulse cartridge dust collector (61). The bottom of the gravity pre-settling chamber (63) is inclined and connected to the third conical funnel (62). A movable storage hopper (64) is provided below the third conical funnel (62).

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