Spaceflight and aviation part machining positioning tooling capable of rapid calibration

Abstract

The application provides a spaceflight and aviation part processing positioning tool capable of rapid calibration, and relates to the technical field of precision part processing, characterized by comprising a workbench and a calibration moving table; the calibration moving table is slidably arranged above the workbench; two clamping claws are symmetrically slidably arranged above the calibration moving table; the clamping claw comprises a sliding table, a clamping plate and a clamping arm; the clamping plate is slidably arranged on the outer side of the sliding table; a connecting rod is fixedly arranged on one side of the clamping plate; one end of the connecting rod penetrates through the sliding table; clamping teeth are arranged on the side wall of the connecting rod; the clamping arm is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the sliding table; two gears are arranged in the sliding table; the gears are connected with one end of the clamping arm through a shaft; and the gears are meshed with the clamping teeth. The application has the advantages that linkage rapid clamping, precise pressure control and automatic coordinate calibration of workpieces are realized, real-time monitoring and fault early warning functions are simultaneously provided, the processing efficiency and precision of spaceflight and aviation parts are significantly improved, and manual operation errors are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of precision parts processing technology, and in particular to a positioning fixture for aerospace parts processing that can be quickly calibrated. Background Technology

[0002] Aerospace components are mostly irregularly shaped, thin-walled structures, requiring extremely high precision in machining positioning, clamping stability, and station calibration. Existing traditional machining positioning fixtures and clamping structures are mostly rigid and fixed, lacking adaptive buffer structures, which easily cause compression deformation of thin-walled components and cannot detect clamping force in real time. Workpiece station calibration relies on manual fine-tuning, which is slow and has large positioning errors, making it difficult to meet the micron-level machining reference requirements of aerospace components. The clamping mechanism, calibration mechanism, and machining robot arm are controlled independently, without an integrated linkage control system, resulting in low automation and low production efficiency. Conventional clamping structures have poor versatility and cannot be adapted to the clamping and positioning operations of aerospace irregularly shaped components of different dimensions.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need to design a positioning fixture for aerospace component processing that features flexible buffer clamping, automatic and rapid station calibration, and integrated intelligent control to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a positioning fixture for the processing of aerospace parts that can be calibrated quickly, and to solve the technical problems of low efficiency of manual calibration, poor positioning accuracy, easy damage to workpieces by rigid clamping, inability to control the linkage of various mechanisms, lack of clamping pressure detection, and low degree of automation in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the technical solution adopted by this invention is as follows:

[0006] A rapidly calibrated aerospace component machining and positioning fixture includes a worktable and a calibration moving stage. The calibration moving stage is slidably mounted above the worktable, and two clamping jaws are symmetrically slidably mounted above the calibration moving stage. Each clamping jaw includes a slide, a clamping plate, and clamping arms. The clamping plate is slidably mounted on the outside of the slide, and a connecting rod is fixed to one side of the clamping plate. One end of the connecting rod passes through the slide, and clamping teeth are provided on the side wall of the connecting rod. The clamping arms are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the slide, and two gears are provided inside the slide. The gears are axially connected to one end of the clamping arms, and the gears are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the connecting rod, meshing with the clamping teeth. The clamping arm has a clamping plate at the end away from the gear, which is located on the outside of the slide table and is used to clamp the workpiece. A spring is sleeved on the outside of the connecting rod, which is located between the slide table and the clamping plate. An anti-disengagement plate is provided at the end of the connecting rod away from the clamping plate. The anti-disengagement plate is larger than the diameter of the connecting rod and penetrates the side wall of the slide table to limit the sliding stroke of the connecting rod and prevent it from disengaging. The clamping plate is made of high-strength wear-resistant nylon material, and the contact surface between the clamping plate and the workpiece has an anti-slip corrugated structure to prevent the workpiece from slipping during clamping and to prevent squeezing damage to the surface precision of aerospace parts.

[0007] As an improvement, the top wall of the calibration moving stage is symmetrically provided with two positioning slide grooves, and a positioning screw is provided in the positioning slide groove. A clamping slider is fixedly provided below the slide stage and is slidably disposed in the positioning slide groove. The positioning screw is threadedly connected to the positioning slider. The calibration moving stage is provided with a positioning dual-axis motor. The output end of the positioning dual-axis motor is connected to the positioning screw in the two positioning slide grooves. When the positioning screw rotates forward and backward, it drives the two sets of clamping sliders to move the clamping claws closer together or separate away from each other.

[0008] As an improvement, a movable gantry is provided above the workbench. The movable gantry is located on one side of the calibration movable table. A robotic arm is slidably provided on one side of the movable gantry. The robotic arm is located above the calibration movable table. One end of the robotic arm is slidably mounted on the crossbeam of the gantry. The robotic arm can make horizontal linear displacement adjustment along the crossbeam to adapt to the processing points of parts of different specifications.

[0009] As an improvement, the calibration moving stage is a dual-degree-of-freedom electric servo translation stage with X and Y axes, which has micron-level displacement fine adjustment function and is used to quickly calibrate the workstation coordinates and correct deviations of the clamped aerospace parts.

[0010] As an improvement, the clamping plate and the side wall of the holding plate are provided with several pressure sensors, the worktable is provided with a controller, the pressure sensors are electrically connected to the controller, a control computer is provided on one side of the worktable, the controller is electrically connected to the control computer, and the control computer is provided with a control system for real-time acquisition and feedback of workpiece clamping force data.

[0011] As an improvement, the control system includes a hardware control unit, which comprises a dual-axis motor drive module, a calibration moving stage servo drive module, a robotic arm motion control module, a pressure signal acquisition module, an industrial communication module, and a fault audible and visual alarm module. The controller is electrically connected to the dual-axis motor drive module, the calibration moving stage servo drive module, and the robotic arm motion control module. The pressure signal acquisition module is connected to all pressure sensors and the controller. The controller establishes real-time communication with the control computer through the industrial communication module. The fault audible and visual alarm module is connected to the controller's switch output terminal.

[0012] The control system also includes software functional units, which include a preset program storage module, an automatic clamping control module, a clamping closed-loop control module, a real-time pressure monitoring module, an automatic station calibration module, a machining execution module, and a fault diagnosis and early warning module. The preset program storage module stores clamping parameters, calibration coordinate parameters, and robotic arm machining programs for different types of aerospace components. The automatic clamping control module controls the two clamping jaws to come together to clamp the workpiece. The clamping closed-loop control module adjusts the operating parameters of the positioning motor in real time based on the feedback signal from the pressure sensor. The real-time pressure monitoring module dynamically displays the clamping pressure value and generates a real-time curve. The automatic station calibration module automatically controls the calibration of the moving stage based on the reference coordinates to complete the workpiece station deviation compensation. The machining execution control module links various mechanisms to execute the automated machining program. The fault early warning module triggers an audible and visual alarm and self-locks and stops the machine when the pressure exceeds the standard or the displacement exceeds the limit.

[0013] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0014] 1. The calibration mobile stage receives instructions from the control system and automatically completes the fine-tuning calibration of the workpiece station coordinates without manual intervention. The calibration speed is fast and the positioning accuracy is high, meeting the benchmark requirements for the processing of precision parts in aerospace.

[0015] 2. The clamping jaws are equipped with a spring buffer structure, combined with a gear and rack meshing transmission method, which can adaptively fit the contour of irregular workpieces and flexibly clamp them, avoiding the squeezing damage to thin-walled parts caused by rigid clamping, and is suitable for a variety of aerospace parts.

[0016] 3. The clamping plate and holding plate integrate pressure sensors to collect clamping pressure in real time and feed it back to the control system to form a closed-loop regulation, eliminating the problems of slippage due to excessive looseness or deformation due to excessive tightness.

[0017] 4. The dual-axis motor synchronously drives the dual-sided clamping jaws to center and clamp synchronously, with a large adjustment range. It can be adapted to the processing and positioning of various aerospace parts such as block, irregular, and thin-walled parts. The modular structure facilitates its use in production lines. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the aerospace component machining and positioning fixture that can be quickly calibrated according to the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the positioning component structure of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a diagram showing the usage state of the positioning component of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the clamping claw structure of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 5 This is a system architecture block diagram of the present invention.

[0023] In the diagram: 1. Workbench, 2. Calibration moving stage, 3. Clamping claw, 4. Moving gantry, 5. Robotic arm, 6. Control computer, 21. Positioning slide, 22. Positioning screw, 23. Clamping slider, 24. Positioning dual-axis motor, 31. Slide, 32. Clamping plate, 33. Clamping arm, 34. Connecting rod, 35. Clamping teeth, 36. Gear, 37. Clamping plate, 38. Spring, 39. Anti-detachment plate. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To make the content of this invention easier to understand, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Identical components are denoted by the same reference numerals.

[0025] like Figures 1-4As shown, the system includes a worktable 1 and a calibration moving stage 2. The calibration moving stage 2 is slidably disposed above the worktable 1, and two clamping claws 3 are symmetrically slidably disposed above the calibration moving stage 2. Each clamping claw 3 includes a slide 31, a clamping plate 32, and clamping arms 33. The clamping plate 32 is slidably disposed outside the slide 31, and a connecting rod 34 is fixedly disposed on one side of the clamping plate 32. One end of the connecting rod 34 passes through the slide 31, and clamping teeth 35 are provided on the side wall of the connecting rod 34. The clamping arms are symmetrically disposed on both sides of the slide 31, and two gears 36 are disposed inside the slide 31. The gears 36 are axially connected to one end of the clamping arms 33. The gears 36 are symmetrically disposed on both sides of the connecting rod 34, and the gears 36 mesh with the clamping teeth 35. A clamping plate 37 is provided at the end of arm 33 away from gear 36. The clamping plate 37 is located on the outside of slide table 31 and is used to clamp the workpiece. A spring 38 is sleeved on the outside of connecting rod 34. The spring 38 is located between slide table 31 and clamping plate 32. An anti-detachment plate 39 is provided at the end of connecting rod 34 away from clamping plate 32. The anti-detachment plate 39 is larger than the diameter of connecting rod 34 and penetrates the side wall of slide table 31 to limit the sliding stroke of connecting rod 34 and prevent it from detaching. The clamping plate 37 is made of high-strength wear-resistant nylon material, and the contact surface of clamping plate 37 with workpiece has an anti-slip corrugated structure to prevent workpiece slippage during clamping and to prevent squeezing damage to the surface precision of aerospace parts.

[0026] like Figures 1-3 As shown, the top wall of the calibration moving stage 2 is symmetrically provided with two positioning slide grooves 21, and a positioning screw 22 is provided in the positioning slide groove 21. A clamping slider 23 is fixedly provided below the slide table 31. The clamping slider 23 is slidably disposed in the positioning slide groove 21. The positioning screw 22 is threadedly connected to the positioning slider. The calibration moving stage 2 is provided with a positioning dual-axis motor 24. The output end of the positioning dual-axis motor 24 is connected to the positioning screw 22 in the two positioning slide grooves 21. When the positioning screw 22 rotates forward and backward, it drives the two sets of clamping sliders 23 to move the clamping claws 3 to move closer together or separate away from each other.

[0027] like Figure 1 As shown, a movable gantry 4 is provided above the workbench 1. The movable gantry 4 is located on one side of the calibration movable table 2. A robotic arm 5 is slidably provided on one side of the movable gantry 4. The robotic arm 5 is located above the calibration movable table 2. One end of the robotic arm 5 is slidably installed on the crossbeam of the gantry. The robotic arm 5 can make horizontal linear displacement adjustment along the crossbeam to adapt to the processing points of parts of different specifications.

[0028] The calibration moving stage 2 is an X and Y axis dual-degree-of-freedom electric servo translation stage with micron-level displacement fine adjustment function, used to quickly calibrate the workstation coordinates and correct deviations of the clamped aerospace parts.

[0029] The clamping plate 32 and the clamping plate 37 are provided with several pressure sensors on their side walls. The workbench 1 is provided with a controller. The pressure sensors are electrically connected to the controller. The workbench 1 is provided with a control computer 6 on one side. The controller is electrically connected to the control computer 6. The control computer 6 is provided with a control system for real-time acquisition and feedback of workpiece clamping force data.

[0030] like Figure 5 As shown, the control system includes a hardware control unit, which comprises a dual-axis motor drive module, a calibration moving stage servo drive module, a robotic arm motion control module, a pressure signal acquisition module, an industrial communication module, and a fault audible and visual alarm module. The controller is electrically connected to the dual-axis motor drive module, the calibration moving stage servo drive module, and the robotic arm motion control module. The pressure signal acquisition module is connected to all pressure sensors and the controller. The controller establishes real-time communication with the control computer 6 through the industrial communication module. The fault audible and visual alarm module is connected to the controller's switch output terminal.

[0031] The control system also includes software functional units, which include a preset program storage module, an automatic clamping control module, a clamping closed-loop control module, a real-time pressure monitoring module, an automatic station calibration module, a machining execution module, and a fault diagnosis and early warning module. The preset program storage module stores clamping parameters, calibration coordinate parameters, and robotic arm machining programs for different types of aerospace components. The automatic clamping control module controls the two clamping jaws 3 to move closer together to clamp the workpiece. The clamping closed-loop control module adjusts the operating parameters of the positioning motor in real time based on the feedback signal from the pressure sensor. The real-time pressure monitoring module dynamically displays the clamping pressure value and generates a real-time curve. The automatic station calibration module automatically controls the calibration moving stage 2 based on the reference coordinates to complete the workpiece station deviation compensation. The machining execution control module links various mechanisms to execute the automated machining program. The fault early warning module triggers an audible and visual alarm and self-locks and stops the machine when the pressure exceeds the standard or the displacement exceeds the limit.

[0032] During use, the operator starts the equipment through the control computer 6, enters the control system interface, and calls the corresponding clamping parameters, calibration coordinate parameters and robotic arm 5 processing program from the preset program storage module according to the model of the aerospace parts to be processed. After confirming that the parameters are correct, the equipment is started.

[0033] The aerospace component to be processed is placed between two gripping jaws 3, ensuring that the workpiece is approximately centered on the calibration moving stage 2.

[0034] The automatic clamping control module issues a command, and the controller controls the positioning dual-axis motor 24 to start via the dual-axis motor drive module. The positioning dual-axis motor 24 drives the positioning screws 22 in the two positioning slides 21 to rotate synchronously. The positioning screws 22 drive the clamping slider 23 to move the two clamping claws 3 towards each other. When the clamping plate 37 contacts the workpiece, the workpiece generates a reaction force on the clamping plate 37, pushing the clamping plate 32 to move towards the slide table 31. The clamping plate 32 drives the connecting rod 34 to slide. The clamping teeth 35 on the connecting rod 34 mesh with the gears 36 in the slide table 31, driving the two gears 36 to rotate synchronously. The gears 36 drive the clamping arm 33 to rotate around the axis, so that the clamping plates 37 on both sides move towards the workpiece synchronously, realizing multi-directional symmetrical clamping of the workpiece. At the same time, the spring 38 is compressed, generating an elastic reaction force, which gradually increases the clamping force. The pressure sensor collects the clamping force data in real time and transmits it to the controller.

[0035] The clamping closed-loop control module compares the force data fed back by the pressure sensor with the preset clamping force parameters. If the force is insufficient, the controller controls the positioning dual-axis motor 24 to continue rotating to increase the clamping force; if the force exceeds the limit, the controller controls the positioning dual-axis motor 24 to rotate in the opposite direction to reduce the clamping force, until the clamping force stabilizes within the preset range, thus realizing closed-loop control of the clamping force.

[0036] The automatic calibration module controls the calibration moving stage 2 to start based on the preset reference coordinates. Through the dual-degree-of-freedom servo drive of the X and Y axes, it detects the workpiece's coordinates at the workpiece. If a deviation is detected at the workpiece, the calibration moving stage 2 performs micron-level displacement fine adjustment to complete the deviation compensation and achieve rapid and accurate calibration of the workpiece.

[0037] After calibration, the machining execution control module issues a command, and the linkage robotic arm 5 starts. The robotic arm 5 slides along the crossbeam of the moving gantry 4, adjusts to the preset machining point, and processes the workpiece according to the preset machining program.

[0038] During processing, the real-time pressure monitoring module dynamically displays the clamping pressure value and real-time curve, while the automatic station calibration module monitors station deviations in real time and makes timely fine adjustments if deviations occur. If the pressure sensor detects excessive clamping force or the calibration moving stage 2 detects excessive station displacement, the fault diagnosis and early warning module immediately triggers an audible and visual alarm. Simultaneously, the controller controls the equipment to automatically lock and stop, and the control computer 6 displays the fault type and location. After the operator troubleshoots and resolves the fault, the equipment is restarted to continue processing.

[0039] After the workpiece is processed, the automatic clamping control module controls the positioning dual-axis motor 24 to rotate in the opposite direction, causing the two clamping jaws 3 to separate in opposite directions, releasing the workpiece. The operator then removes the processed workpiece, completing one processing cycle. To process the next workpiece, the above steps can be repeated. If the workpiece model is changed, the corresponding preset program can be called, without adjusting the equipment structure.

[0040] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rapidly calibrated aerospace component machining and positioning fixture, characterized in that, Includes the worktable and calibration moving stage; The calibration moving stage is slidably disposed above the worktable, and two clamping claws are symmetrically slidably disposed above the calibration moving stage; The clamping jaw includes a slide, a clamping plate, and a clamping arm. The clamping plate is slidably disposed on the outside of the slide. A connecting rod is fixedly disposed on one side of the clamping plate. One end of the connecting rod passes through the slide. Clamping teeth are provided on the side wall of the connecting rod. The clamping arms are symmetrically disposed on both sides of the slide. Two gears are disposed inside the slide. The gears are axially connected to one end of the clamping arm. The gears are symmetrically disposed on both sides of the connecting rod. The gears mesh with the clamping teeth. A clamping plate is provided at the end of the clamping arm away from the gear. The clamping plate is disposed on the outside of the slide and is arranged on the outside of the slide to fit and clamp the workpiece.

2. The rapidly calibrable aerospace component machining and positioning fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The calibration moving stage has two symmetrical positioning grooves on its top wall. A positioning screw is installed in each positioning groove. A clamping slider is fixed below the stage and slides within the positioning groove. The positioning screw is threadedly connected to the positioning slider. The calibration moving stage is equipped with a dual-axis positioning motor. The output end of the dual-axis positioning motor is connected to the positioning screw in the two positioning grooves. When the positioning screw rotates forward or backward, it drives the two sets of clamping sliders to move the clamping claws closer together or further apart.

3. The rapidly calibrable aerospace component machining and positioning fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that: A movable gantry is provided above the workbench. The movable gantry is located on one side of the calibration movable table. A robotic arm is slidably provided on one side of the movable gantry. The robotic arm is located above the calibration movable table. One end of the robotic arm is slidably mounted on the crossbeam of the gantry. The robotic arm can make horizontal linear displacement adjustment along the crossbeam to adapt to the processing points of parts of different specifications.

4. The rapidly calibrable aerospace component machining and positioning fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that: A spring is sleeved on the outside of the connecting rod, and the spring is located between the slide table and the clamping plate. An anti-detachment plate is provided at the end of the connecting rod away from the clamping plate. The anti-detachment plate is larger than the diameter of the connecting rod and is installed through the side wall of the slide table to limit the sliding stroke of the connecting rod and prevent it from detaching.

5. The rapidly calibrable aerospace component machining and positioning fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The calibration moving stage is a dual-degree-of-freedom electric servo translation stage with X and Y axes, and has micron-level displacement fine adjustment function. It is used to quickly calibrate the workstation coordinates and correct deviations of the clamped aerospace parts.

6. The rapidly calibrable aerospace component machining positioning fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamping plate and the side wall of the holding plate are equipped with several pressure sensors. The workbench is equipped with a controller. The pressure sensors are electrically connected to the controller. A control computer is located on one side of the workbench. The controller is electrically connected to the control computer. The control computer is equipped with a control system for real-time acquisition and feedback of workpiece clamping force data.

7. The rapidly calibrable aerospace component machining and positioning fixture according to claim 6, characterized in that, The control system includes a hardware control unit, which comprises a dual-axis motor drive module, a calibration moving stage servo drive module, a robotic arm motion control module, a pressure signal acquisition module, an industrial communication module, and a fault audible and visual alarm module. The controller is electrically connected to the dual-axis motor drive module, the calibration moving stage servo drive module, and the robotic arm motion control module. The pressure signal acquisition module is connected to all pressure sensors and the controller. The controller establishes real-time communication with the control computer through the industrial communication module. The fault audible and visual alarm module is connected to the controller's switch output terminal.

8. The rapidly calibrable aerospace component machining and positioning fixture according to claim 7, characterized in that: The control system also includes software functional units, which include a preset program storage module, an automatic clamping control module, a clamping closed-loop control module, a real-time pressure monitoring module, an automatic workstation calibration module, a machining execution module, and a fault diagnosis and early warning module. The preset program storage module stores clamping parameters, calibration coordinate parameters, and robotic arm processing programs for different types of aerospace components; the automatic clamping control module controls the two clamping jaws to come together to clamp the workpiece; the clamping closed-loop control module adjusts the operating parameters of the positioning motor in real time based on the feedback signal from the pressure sensor; the real-time pressure monitoring module dynamically displays the clamping pressure value and generates a real-time curve; the automatic station calibration module automatically controls the calibration moving stage based on the reference coordinates to complete the workpiece station deviation compensation; the processing execution control module links various mechanisms to execute the automated processing program; and the fault early warning module triggers an audible and visual alarm and self-locks and stops the machine when the pressure exceeds the standard or the displacement exceeds the limit.

9. The rapidly calibrable aerospace component machining and positioning fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that, The clamping plate is made of high-strength wear-resistant nylon material, and the contact surface between the clamping plate and the workpiece is provided with an anti-slip corrugated structure to prevent the workpiece from slipping during clamping and to prevent squeezing damage to the surface precision of aerospace parts.

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