A method for presenting a three-dimensional texture on a wood surface and a wood product

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of wood processing, and provides a method for presenting a three-dimensional texture on a wood surface and a wood product, wherein the method for presenting a three-dimensional texture on a wood surface comprises the following steps: S1, performing freezing treatment on water-containing wood; the water-containing wood comprises wood obtained by moisture adjustment of dried wood or wood containing water; and S2, performing sand blasting treatment on the wood obtained in the step S1. In the method, the water in the wood is crystallized into ice crystals through freezing treatment, the hardness of the wood is increased, the toughness of the wood is removed, the mechanical property difference between early wood and late wood is artificially increased, sand blasting treatment is further performed, the early wood tissue with relatively low mechanical strength is preferentially removed through high-speed abrasive impact on the wood surface, the late wood texture is highlighted, and a three-dimensional natural relief texture effect is formed. The application can realize the technical effects of natural three-dimensional texture, small damage to the wood body, wide wood species range, and good consistency in batch processing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of wood processing technology, and in particular to a method for presenting three-dimensional textures on the surface of wood and wood products. Background Technology

[0002] Wood is a natural organic material with a unique texture and excellent processing properties, widely used in architectural decoration, furniture manufacturing, flooring installation, and handicrafts. As people's demands for the quality of their living environment continue to rise, the texture of wood surfaces is receiving increasing attention. By treating the surface of wood, its natural grain can be highlighted, giving it a richer visual and tactile feel, thereby enhancing the decorative value and user experience of wood products.

[0003] In the field of wood surface finishing, brushing is a common technique. During the annual growing season, wood formed in the early stages (spring to early summer) is called earlywood, which has large cell cavities, thin walls, low density, and a softer texture; wood formed in the later stages (late summer to autumn) is called latewood, which has small cell cavities, thick walls, high density, and a harder texture. The alternating arrangement of earlywood and latewood forms the annual rings of wood, constituting the basis of the wood's natural grain. Brushing typically uses tools such as wire brushes or nylon brushes to mechanically brush the surface along the wood grain, removing the softer earlywood tissue and highlighting the latewood grain, creating a three-dimensional, embossed texture effect. However, the wire drawing process has certain limitations in practical applications: First, the brushing process generates significant friction between the tool and the wood surface, causing some tearing and damage to the surface fiber structure, resulting in surface fiber fuzzing and rough texture edges; Second, this process has certain requirements on the density and hardness of the wood species. For wood species with small differences in density between earlywood and latewood, the wire drawing effect is not obvious, limiting the range of applicable species; Third, the wire drawing depth and uniformity are greatly affected by operating parameters, making it difficult to guarantee product consistency during mass production.

[0004] Carbonization is also a commonly used method for treating the surface texture of wood. This process involves carbonizing the wood surface using a high-temperature flame or hot-pressing equipment, causing the surface wood fibers to decompose thermally and form a carbonized layer with a rough texture and dark color, while also giving the wood certain anti-corrosion and insect-repellent properties. However, carbonization has the following drawbacks: the high temperature during carbonization can cause significant damage to the surface fiber structure of the wood, making the carbonized layer relatively fragile and prone to peeling off during subsequent use; in addition, carbonization requires strict control over the wood's moisture content and processing temperature, and improper processing parameters can easily lead to cracking or deformation of the wood; furthermore, the surface color of carbonized wood is relatively dark, resulting in a limited range of color options and making it difficult to meet diverse decorative needs.

[0005] Hand brushing is a process that relies on manual operation, using a brush to apply pressure to the wood surface and push along the grain to create a handcrafted texture. This method offers high flexibility, but because it is entirely manual, its efficiency is low. The depth and uniformity of the texture are significantly affected by the operator's skill level, making it difficult to control product quality consistency in mass production and unsuitable for large-scale applications.

[0006] In summary, existing wood surface texture treatment methods suffer from various problems, including damage to the wood structure, insufficient naturalness of the texture, limited applicability to a wide range of wood species, and poor consistency in batch processing. There is an urgent need for a new method to present three-dimensional textures on the wood surface in order to improve the above-mentioned technical shortcomings. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The technical problem solved by this application is to provide a method for presenting three-dimensional texture on the surface of wood. The method provided by this application can make the texture effect of the wood natural and smooth, with a strong three-dimensional effect, and has the advantages of minimal damage to the wood itself and wide applicability to a wide range of wood species.

[0008] In view of this, this application provides a method for presenting a three-dimensional texture on a wood surface, comprising the following steps:

[0009] S1. Freeze the wood containing moisture;

[0010] The moisture-containing wood includes dried wood that has undergone moisture adjustment or wood that is inherently moist, and the moisture content of the moisture-containing wood is ≥30%.

[0011] The freezing temperature is <0℃;

[0012] S2. Sandblast the wood obtained in step S1.

[0013] In some specific embodiments, the sandblasting process further includes:

[0014] S3. Place the wood obtained in step S2 in an environment of 5~10℃ for 12~24h, then transfer it to an environment of 20~30℃ to dry. Then clean the abrasive and wood chips on the surface of the wood, separate the cleaned abrasive and wood chips in water, remove the floating wood chips, and dry the obtained abrasive for sandblasting in step S2.

[0015] S4. Apply wood wax oil or varnish to the surface of the wood obtained in step S3 for sealing treatment.

[0016] In some specific embodiments, in step S1, the process of adjusting the moisture content of the dried wood specifically involves:

[0017] The air-dry density of the wood is ≤0.55 g / cm³. 3 The dried wood is soaked in water for more than 0.5 hours to obtain wood with a moisture content of 60% to 100%.

[0018] The air-dry density of the wood is 0.56 g / cm³. 3 To achieve a moisture content of 0.74 g / cm³, the dried wood is soaked in water for at least 0.5 hours, resulting in wood with a moisture content of 55%–80%.

[0019] The air-dry density of the wood is ≥0.75g / cm³. The dried wood is soaked in water for more than 0.5 hours to make the moisture content of the obtained wood reach more than 30% of the fiber saturation point.

[0020] In some specific embodiments, the freezing process consists of sequential pre-cooling and deep cooling. The pre-cooling temperature is greater than or equal to -10°C and less than -18°C, and the pre-cooling time is 6 to 12 hours. The deep cooling temperature is greater than -18°C and less than or equal to -35°C, and the deep cooling time is 20 to 120 hours.

[0021] In some specific embodiments, the thickness of the wood is greater than or equal to 1 cm and less than 3 cm, and the deep-crystallization time is 20 to 24 hours; the thickness of the wood is greater than or equal to 3 cm and less than 8 cm, and the deep-crystallization time is 48 to 60 hours; and the thickness of the wood is greater than or equal to 8 cm, and the deep-crystallization time is 72 to 120 hours.

[0022] In some specific embodiments, in step S1, the freezing treatment is carried out in a freezing device, and the temperature uniformity deviation within the freezing device does not exceed ±5℃; and / or, during the freezing treatment, the distance between adjacent pieces of wood is 15~30mm.

[0023] In some specific embodiments, in step S2, the temperature of the sandblasting treatment is -5°C to -15°C, and / or the abrasive used in the sandblasting treatment includes one or more of the following: diamond, white corundum, alumina, glass, and brown corundum.

[0024] In some specific embodiments, in step S2, the pressure of the sandblasting treatment is 0.3 MPa to 0.8 MPa, and / or the distance between the nozzle of the sandblasting treatment and the wood obtained in step S1 is 120 to 180 mm.

[0025] In some specific embodiments, in step S2, if a shallow, soft three-dimensional texture is to be produced, the abrasive used in the sandblasting process is fine sand of grade 8# to 12#, and the pressure of the sandblasting process is 0.3MPa to 0.6MPa. If a deep, embossed three-dimensional texture is to be produced, the abrasive used in the sandblasting process is coarse sand of grade 40#, and the pressure of the sandblasting process is 0.45MPa to 0.8MPa.

[0026] This application also provides a wood product prepared by the method described above.

[0027] This application provides a method for creating a three-dimensional texture on the surface of wood. First, the wood containing moisture is frozen to crystallize and solidify the free water. The ice crystals fill the gaps between supporting fibers, improving the overall rigidity and compressive strength of the wood surface fibers and increasing the difference in mechanical properties between earlywood and latewood. Next, the frozen wood is sandblasted, using high-speed abrasive to impact the wood surface, preferentially removing the relatively weaker earlywood tissue after freezing, thus naturally highlighting the latewood texture and creating a three-dimensional, natural relief texture effect. Furthermore, in this method, the sandblasting force is evenly distributed, preventing damage to the wood's structure. The artificially increased difference in mechanical properties between earlywood and latewood through freezing also applies to wood species with small natural density differences between the earlywood and latewood, thus expanding the applicability to various wood species.

[0028] Furthermore, this application allows for precise control of the parameters for cryogenic treatment and sandblasting, reducing the impact of human factors and resulting in good consistency in texture depth and uniformity during mass production of wood. The cryogenic treatment process employs a pre-cooling followed by deep cooling method to avoid excessive temperature differences between the inside and outside of the wood containing moisture, which can cause ice expansion cracks and reduce the scrap rate of thick wood. Sandblasting at low temperatures prevents the ice crystals inside the wood from melting, maintaining the hardness of the wood and thus ensuring the effectiveness of the sandblasting treatment. The gradient cooling after sandblasting allows the cell walls of the wood to contract slowly, preventing the appearance of cracks caused by rapid thawing. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 A photograph of the wood obtained according to the method of Example 1;

[0030] Figure 2 The image shows a photograph of the actual wood product used in this application. Detailed Implementation

[0031] To further understand this application, preferred embodiments of this application are described below in conjunction with examples. However, it should be understood that these descriptions are only for further illustrating the features and advantages of this application, and not for limiting the claims of this application.

[0032] In view of the problems existing in current wood surface texture treatment methods, such as affecting wood structure, limiting the applicable range of wood species, and resulting in poor consistency of wood quality after treatment, this application provides a method for presenting three-dimensional textures on wood surfaces. Theoretically, there is a difference in hardness between earlywood and latewood between wood surface textures. Earlywood cells have large cavities, thin walls, low density, and softer texture, while latewood cells have small cavities, thick walls, high density, and harder texture. This difference in hardness between earlywood and latewood is the theoretical basis for presenting three-dimensional textures through sandblasting. However, although there are differences in the hardness of earlywood and latewood between textures in untreated wood, the overall hardness of the wood is relatively low and its toughness is very high. During sandblasting, due to the toughness of the wood, the abrasive impact on the wood... Earlywood is difficult to remove effectively on the surface, making direct sandblasting impossible to achieve a three-dimensional texture. Based on the above analysis and research, this application utilizes freeze-drying to crystallize internal moisture in the wood, forming ice crystals. This increases the wood's hardness and reduces its toughness, allowing the hardness difference between earlywood and latewood to be fully realized during sandblasting, thus achieving a three-dimensional texture effect. Specifically, the formation of ice crystals causes the wood cell walls to be subjected to the expansion force of the ice crystals, increasing the overall hardness and decreasing the toughness of the wood. Simultaneously, because earlywood cells have larger cavities and higher water content, they contain more ice crystals after freezing, resulting in a greater decrease in mechanical strength than latewood. This artificially increases the difference in mechanical properties between earlywood and latewood, allowing earlywood to be preferentially and uniformly removed during subsequent sandblasting, naturally highlighting the latewood texture. Specifically, this application provides a method for achieving a three-dimensional texture on the wood surface, including the following steps:

[0033] S1. Freeze the wood containing moisture;

[0034] The moisture-containing wood includes dried wood that has undergone moisture adjustment or wood that is inherently moist, and the moisture content of the moisture-containing wood is ≥30%.

[0035] The freezing temperature is <0℃;

[0036] S2. Sandblast the wood obtained in step S1.

[0037] In the method for presenting a three-dimensional texture on the surface of wood provided in this application, step S1 involves freezing the moist wood. In this step, the freezing treatment is predicated on the wood containing moisture, providing conditions for freeze-crystallization. The moist wood can be naturally moist wood or wood obtained by moisture conditioning from dried wood. The naturally moist wood is wood well-known to those skilled in the art, such as poplar and teak. The moisture content of the moist wood is ≥30%, reaching the wood fiber saturation point or a supersaturated moisture state, filling the wood vessels and fiber pores with free water that can be frozen. The moisture conditioning time is determined based on the wood size to ensure the moisture content of the moist wood is ≥30%. The moisture conditioning method is a method well-known to those skilled in the art, including, for example, one or more of the following: water soaking, spray humidification, vacuum impregnation, pressure immersion, and atomized humidification. In some specific embodiments, the moisture conditioning specifically involves:

[0038] The air-dry density of the wood is ≤0.55 g / cm³. 3 The dried wood is soaked in water for more than 0.5 hours to obtain wood with a moisture content of 60% to 100%.

[0039] The air-dry density of the wood is 0.56 g / cm³. 3 To achieve a moisture content of 0.74 g / cm³, the dried wood is soaked in water for at least 0.5 hours, resulting in wood with a moisture content of 55%–80%.

[0040] The air-dry density of the wood is ≥0.75g / cm³. The dried wood is soaked in water for more than 0.5 hours to make the moisture content of the obtained wood reach more than 30% of the fiber saturation point.

[0041] During the above moisture adjustment process, the air-dry density is ≤0.55 g / cm³. 3 The wood used is low-density softwood, such as paulownia, poplar, and fir. Depending on the size of the wood, in some specific embodiments, the soaking time is 1-48 hours, in some specific embodiments, the soaking time is 5-45 hours, in some specific embodiments, the soaking time is 8-42 hours, in some specific embodiments, the soaking time is 13-38 hours, in some specific embodiments, the soaking time is 18-32 hours, and in some specific embodiments, the soaking time is 21-28 hours; the moisture content of the obtained wood is 70%-85%.

[0042] The air-dry density is 0.56 g / cm³. 3 Up to 0.74 g / cm 3The wood used is medium-density hardwood, such as oak, elm, beech, pine, etc. Depending on the size of the wood, in some specific embodiments, the soaking time is 1~96h, in some specific embodiments, the soaking time is 8~90h, in some specific embodiments, the soaking time is 12~85h, in some specific embodiments, the soaking time is 15~78h, in some specific embodiments, the soaking time is 18~70h, in some specific embodiments, the soaking time is 21~60h, and in some specific embodiments, the soaking time is 24~48h. The moisture content of the obtained wood is 60%~75%.

[0043] The wood with an air-dry density ≥ 0.75 g / cm³ is high-density hardwood, such as teak. Depending on the size of the wood, in some specific embodiments, the soaking time is 1 hour to 12 days; in others, it is 6 hours to 10 days; in still others, it is 10 hours to 8 days; in some cases, it is 24 hours to 6 days; in some specific embodiments, it is 36 hours to 5 days; and in some specific embodiments, it is 48 hours to 4 days. The resulting wood has a moisture content of 35% to 45%. The air-dry density refers to the ratio of the mass to the volume of wood when it has been naturally placed under ambient temperature and humidity conditions until its mass stabilizes (i.e., reaches equilibrium moisture content, usually calculated as 12%). The unit is g / cm³ or kg / m³. The determination method is performed according to GB / T 1927.5-2021 or GB / T1933-2009, and it is an inherent property of the wood. After the above moisture adjustment, the obtained wood is left to stand for 1-2 hours to drain the free water on the surface.

[0044] To facilitate handling of the wood, in some specific embodiments, the moisture-containing wood is pretreated, that is, the moisture-containing wood or the dried wood is cut, shaped and defect-removed to obtain regular wood free from decay and loose impurities.

[0045] In the freezing process, the freezing temperature is below 0°C, which freezes the moisture-containing wood, causing the free water to crystallize and solidify, thereby improving the overall rigidity and compressive strength of the wood surface fibers. To avoid internal stress cracks caused by sudden cooling of the moisture-containing wood, in some specific embodiments, the freezing process consists of sequential pre-cooling and deep cooling. The pre-cooling temperature is greater than or equal to -10°C and less than -18°C, and the pre-cooling time is 6~12 hours. The deep cooling temperature is greater than -18°C and less than or equal to -35°C, and the deep cooling time is 20~120 hours. In some specific embodiments, the pre-cooling temperature is -12~-16°C, the pre-cooling time is 8~10 hours, and the deep cooling temperature is -20~-30°C. Furthermore, for wood with a thickness greater than or equal to 1 cm and less than 3 cm, the cryogenic treatment time is 20-24 hours, and in some specific embodiments, the cryogenic treatment time is 22-23 hours; for wood with a thickness greater than or equal to 3 cm and less than 8 cm, the cryogenic treatment time is 48-60 hours, and in some specific embodiments, the cryogenic treatment time is 50-56 hours; for wood with a thickness greater than or equal to 8 cm, the cryogenic treatment time is 72-120 hours, and in some specific embodiments, the cryogenic treatment time is 80-100 hours. In this application, the freezing temperature and time are used as the criteria to ensure that the entire core of the wood is completely frozen through without any liquid water layer.

[0046] In some specific embodiments, the freezing treatment is carried out in a freezing device, and the temperature uniformity deviation within the freezing device does not exceed ±5℃ to ensure the consistency of the freezing effect across different parts of the wood. In some specific embodiments, if multiple pieces of wood are frozen simultaneously during the freezing process, the distance between adjacent pieces of wood is 15~30mm to ensure cold air convection and prevent uneven freezing effects on the exterior of the wood.

[0047] In step S2, the wood obtained in step S1 is sandblasted. Based on the aforementioned cryogenic treatment, the sandblasting process utilizes high-speed abrasives to impact the wood surface, preferentially removing the relatively soft earlywood tissue and highlighting the latewood grain, thereby forming a three-dimensional, natural relief texture. In some specific embodiments, the sandblasting is performed at a temperature of -5°C to -15°C; in others, it is performed at a temperature of -10°C to -12°C; and in still others, the sandblasting temperature is not lower than the cryogenic treatment temperature. By performing sandblasting in this low-temperature environment, the overall temperature of the wood remains below 0°C, and the ice crystals do not melt, maintaining the internal ice crystal state and preventing melting due to temperature increases. This ensures the difference in mechanical properties between earlywood and latewood during the sandblasting process, improving the texture enhancement effect.

[0048] In some specific embodiments, the sandblasting pressure is 0.3 MPa to 0.8 MPa; in some specific embodiments, the sandblasting pressure is 0.4 MPa to 0.7 MPa; and in some specific embodiments, the sandblasting pressure is 0.5 MPa to 0.6 MPa. In this application, the sandblasting pressure is adaptively adjusted according to the hardness of the wood, the freezing temperature, and the freezing time. The distance between the sandblasting nozzle and the wood is 120-180 mm; in some specific embodiments, the distance is 135-165 mm; and in some specific embodiments, the distance is 140-150 mm. In some specific embodiments, the wood can be sandblasted once. If the texture depth is insufficient after a single sandblasting, the wood can be sandblasted multiple times to obtain a more significant texture relief effect. During multiple sandblasting processes, the sandblasting pressure can be the same or different.

[0049] In some specific embodiments, the abrasive used in the sandblasting process includes one or more of the following: corundum, white corundum, abrasive sand, glass abrasive, and brown corundum. In some specific embodiments, the abrasive used in the sandblasting process is selected from one or more of the following: corundum, white corundum, abrasive sand, glass abrasive, and brown corundum. In some specific embodiments, the abrasive used in the sandblasting process is selected from either corundum or white corundum. The above-mentioned abrasives have suitable hardness and particle size, effectively removing the earlywood structure after cryogenic treatment, while causing minimal damage to the latewood structure.

[0050] In some specific embodiments, to create a visually shallow and soft three-dimensional texture, the abrasive used in the sandblasting process is fine sand of grade 8# to 12#, and the sandblasting pressure is 0.3 MPa to 0.6 MPa. In some specific embodiments, the abrasive used in the sandblasting process is grade 9# to 10#, and the sandblasting pressure is 0.4 to 0.5 MPa. To create a visually deep and embossed three-dimensional texture, the abrasive used in the sandblasting process is coarse sand of grade 40#, and the sandblasting pressure is 0.45 to 0.8 MPa. In some specific embodiments, the sandblasting pressure is 0.50 to 0.85 MPa, and in some specific embodiments, the sandblasting pressure is 0.60 to 0.75 MPa.

[0051] Furthermore, the method described in this application also includes steps S3 and S4, specifically as follows:

[0052] S3. Place the wood obtained in step S2 in an environment of 5~10℃ for 12~24h, then transfer it to an environment of 20~30℃ to dry. Then clean the abrasive and wood chips on the surface of the wood, separate the cleaned abrasive and wood chips in water, remove the floating wood chips, and dry the obtained abrasive for sandblasting in step S2.

[0053] S4. Apply wood wax oil or varnish to the surface of the wood obtained in step S3 for sealing treatment.

[0054] In step S3 above, the wood obtained in step S2 undergoes slow-cooling curing. The wood is heated to 5-10°C and then dried at 20-30°C to allow it to thaw slowly at low temperatures, causing the cell walls to contract gradually and preventing cracks and surface sawdust shedding caused by rapid thawing. In some specific embodiments, the separation involves placing the abrasive and sawdust in water. Taking advantage of the low density and floating nature of sawdust, floating sawdust is removed. The remaining abrasive, after drying, can be reused in the sandblasting process of step S2, achieving abrasive recycling and reducing production costs.

[0055] In step S4 above, the surface of the cleaned wood is coated with wood wax oil or varnish for sealing treatment to obtain wood products. In some specific embodiments, the wood wax oil and varnish are not transparent or colorless; different colors of wood wax oil or varnish can be used according to actual needs so that the wood can still maintain its surface texture after sealing treatment.

[0056] The method described above in this application is mainly applicable to wood with different growth rings and a textured surface.

[0057] This application also provides a wood product prepared by the method described above.

[0058] The wood prepared according to the method described above can be used to make wood products. In some specific embodiments, the wood products can be furniture, handicrafts, or ornaments, for example... Figure 2 The bracelet shown.

[0059] Compared with the prior art, this application has the following beneficial effects:

[0060] (1) Natural texture and strong three-dimensionality: This application utilizes freeze treatment to crystallize the internal moisture of the wood. Through the physical action of ice crystals, the difference in mechanical properties between earlywood and latewood is increased, so that earlywood is preferentially and uniformly removed during sandblasting, and the texture of latewood is naturally highlighted. The resulting relief texture effect is natural and smooth, with a strong three-dimensionality, and close to the original appearance of the natural wood texture.

[0061] (2) Minimal damage to the wood itself: Compared with wire drawing and carbonization, the freezing and sandblasting treatments of this application significantly reduce the damage to the wood structure; freezing does not introduce high temperature and does not damage the chemical structure of wood fibers; sandblasting removes earlywood through the impact of abrasives, and the force is evenly distributed, which will not cause large-area fiber tearing. After treatment, the wood surface has intact fibers and clear texture edges.

[0062] (3) Wide range of applicable wood species: This application artificially increases the difference in mechanical properties between earlywood and latewood through freeze treatment, which is also applicable to wood species with small natural density differences between earlywood and latewood. This breaks through the dependence of traditional wire drawing on the density difference of wood species and expands the range of applicable wood species. At the same time, by setting corresponding freeze parameters for wood with different air-dry densities, it is possible to effectively treat a variety of wood species.

[0063] (4) Good consistency and strong controllability: The freezing temperature, freezing time, sandblasting pressure and other process parameters of this application can be precisely controlled, which reduces the influence of human operation factors. The texture depth and uniformity of the product are good during mass production, which is suitable for large-scale production applications.

[0064] (5) Abrasive can be recycled: Through water separation, the abrasive after sandblasting can be effectively separated from the wood chips. The abrasive can be reused after drying, which reduces the cost of production materials and reduces resource waste.

[0065] To further understand this application, the method for presenting three-dimensional texture on the wood surface provided by this application will be described in detail below with reference to embodiments. The scope of protection of this application is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0066] The texture depth of the treated wood within a 10cm x 10cm area was measured using vernier calipers, and the arithmetic mean of the groove depths within the area was calculated as the texture depth.

[0067] Example 1

[0068] Pine wood (air-dry density approximately 0.60 g / cm³) 3 The target material is medium-density wood, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0069] S1: Moisture adjustment. Take a dry 5cm×50cm×50cm pine board and soak it in clean water for 80 hours to allow the wood to fully absorb water. The moisture content should be 72%. After taking it out, remove the surface free water. After there are no obvious water droplets on the wood surface, proceed to the next step.

[0070] S2: Freezing treatment involves placing the moisture-conditioned pine wood in a freezing device, freezing it first at -15℃ for 10 hours and then at -20℃ for 48 hours to allow the internal moisture of the wood to fully crystallize and form an ice crystal structure; the temperature uniformity deviation in the freezing device is controlled within ±5℃ to ensure that the freezing effect is consistent in all parts of the wood.

[0071] S3: Sandblasting treatment involves rapidly transferring the frozen pine wood to a low-temperature operating environment maintained at -10℃, using 40# diamond abrasive, and setting the sandblasting pressure to 0.65MPa to perform a single sandblasting treatment on the wood surface; the sandblasting direction is along the wood grain direction, so that the high-speed abrasive impacts the wood surface evenly, the earlywood tissue is preferentially removed, the latewood texture is highlighted, and a natural and smooth relief texture effect is formed;

[0072] S4: After the sandblasting treatment is completed, the wood is heated at 10℃ for 12 hours, and then transferred to a 25℃ environment to dry until the ice crystals are completely melted. The abrasive and wood chips remaining on the surface of the wood are cleaned. The mixture is placed in water, and the floating wood chips are removed by taking advantage of the low density of the wood chips and their ability to float on the water surface. The remaining abrasive is dried and reused.

[0073] S5: Apply clear varnish to the surface of the wood obtained in step S4 for sealing treatment, resulting in the following: Figure 1 The wood described above has a natural texture.

[0074] The surface of the pine wood obtained in step S5 was tested, and the test results are shown in Table 1. As can be seen from Table 1, the surface texture depth of the wood obtained in step S5 is 0.82mm, the texture is clear and natural, the fiber integrity is good (4 points), the earlywood removal rate is 68%, the texture uniformity score is 4 points, the surface roughness Ra is 3.6μm, and the overall texture shows a strong three-dimensional relief texture effect.

[0075] Example 2

[0076] Using poplar wood (air-dry density approximately 0.45 g / cm³, classified as low-density wood) as the treatment target, the specific steps are as follows:

[0077] S1: Take a 2cm×50cm×50cm poplar board in a moisture-containing state. The wood already contains enough moisture (moisture content 65%) and proceed directly to the freezing treatment step.

[0078] S2: Freezing treatment involves placing poplar wood in a freezing device, pre-cooling it at -16℃ for 8 hours and then deep-freezing it at -30℃ for 22 hours. Low-density wood has a large porosity and relatively low natural hardness, so a lower freezing temperature is used to ensure that the internal moisture of the wood is fully crystallized, making up for its lack of natural hardness and creating favorable conditions for subsequent sandblasting. The temperature uniformity deviation in the freezing device is controlled within ±5℃.

[0079] S3: Sandblasting involves rapidly transferring the frozen poplar to a low-temperature operating environment maintained at -12℃. Using 40# white corundum abrasive and setting the sandblasting pressure to 0.6MPa, the wood surface is sandblasted multiple times to achieve a more significant texture relief effect. The low-temperature operating environment effectively maintains the ice crystal state inside the wood, ensuring the stability of the difference in mechanical properties between earlywood and latewood throughout the sandblasting process.

[0080] S4: The heating and cleaning operation method is the same as in Example 1;

[0081] S5: The operation method is the same as in Example 1.

[0082] The surface of the poplar wood obtained in step S5 was tested, and the test results are shown in Table 1. As can be seen from Table 1, the surface texture depth of the wood obtained in step S5 reached 1.15 mm, the earlywood removal rate was 78%, the texture uniformity and fiber integrity both reached 5 points (full marks), the surface roughness Ra was 3.2 μm, the texture had a strong three-dimensional effect, and the effect was significantly better than that of Example 1, demonstrating the good sandblasting effect of low-density wood after sufficient freezing treatment.

[0083] Example 3

[0084] Using paulownia wood (air-dry density approximately 0.30 g / cm³, classified as low-density wood) as the treatment target, cryogenic treatment was adopted as the preferred implementation method. The specific steps are as follows:

[0085] S1: Moisture adjustment Take a dry 9cm×50cm×50cm paulownia wood board, soak it in clean water for 2 days to allow the wood to fully absorb water and make its moisture content 75%. After taking it out, remove the surface free water.

[0086] S2: Cryogenic treatment involves placing the moisture-conditioned paulownia wood in a cryogenic equipment, pre-cooling it at -18℃ for 6 hours, and then freezing it at -32℃ for 96 hours. Paulownia wood has extremely low air-dry density and very low natural hardness. Cryogenic treatment allows the internal moisture of the wood to crystallize more fully and evenly, significantly increasing the wood's hardness and reducing its toughness. The difference in mechanical properties between earlywood and latewood is further enhanced, providing the best foundation for subsequent sandblasting. The temperature uniformity deviation within the cryogenic equipment is controlled within ±5℃.

[0087] S3: Sandblasting treatment involves rapidly transferring the frozen paulownia wood to a low-temperature operating environment maintained at -15℃, using 40# diamond abrasive, and setting the sandblasting pressure to 0.7MPa to perform a single sandblasting treatment on the wood surface; with the dual protection of deep cryogenic and low-temperature sandblasting, the earlywood is efficiently and evenly removed, and the latewood texture is clearly highlighted.

[0088] S4: The heating and cleaning operation method is the same as in Example 1;

[0089] S5: The operation method is the same as in Example 1.

[0090] The surface of the paulownia wood obtained in step S5 was tested, and the test results are shown in Table 1. As can be seen from Table 1, the surface texture depth of the wood obtained in step S5 is as high as 1.48 mm, the earlywood removal rate is 88%, the texture uniformity and fiber integrity both reach 5 points (full marks), the surface roughness Ra is 3.1 μm, and the texture three-dimensionality is the most significant.

[0091] Example 4

[0092] Using teak (air-dry density approximately 0.80 g / cm³, classified as high-density wood) as the target material, the specific steps are as follows:

[0093] S1: Take a 5cm×50cm×50cm teak board in a moisture-containing state. The wood already contains enough moisture (moisture content 40%) and proceed directly to the freezing treatment step.

[0094] S2: Freezing treatment involves placing teak in a freezing device, first freezing at -15℃ for 10 hours and then freezing at -25℃ for 55 hours; High-density wood has a dense structure and high natural hardness, and its internal moisture can be fully crystallized at a freezing temperature of -25℃, so there is no need to use excessively low freezing temperatures, but sufficient freezing time is still required to ensure uniform distribution of ice crystals; The temperature uniformity deviation inside the freezing device is controlled within ±5℃;

[0095] S3: Sandblasting treatment involves rapidly transferring the frozen teak to a low-temperature operating environment maintained at -10℃, using 40# diamond abrasive, and setting the sandblasting pressure to 0.65MPa to perform a single sandblasting treatment on the wood surface; the high-density wood is hard, so a higher sandblasting pressure is used to ensure effective removal of earlywood, while the low-temperature operating environment maintains the ice crystal state, ensuring the stability of the sandblasting effect.

[0096] S4: The heating and cleaning operation method is the same as in Example 1;

[0097] S5: The operation method is the same as in Example 1.

[0098] The surface of the teak obtained in step S5 was tested, and the test results are shown in Table 1. As can be seen from Table 1, the surface texture depth of the wood obtained in step S5 is 1.0 mm, the earlywood removal rate is 70%, the texture uniformity and fiber integrity both reach 4 points, and the surface roughness Ra is 3.5 μm. Since the natural density difference between earlywood and latewood is relatively small, the texture effect of high-density wood is significantly better than that of the control group without freeze treatment, indicating that the method of this application also has good applicability to high-density wood.

[0099] Example 5

[0100] The wood treatment method is basically the same as in Example 3, except that in step S3, sandblasting is performed at room temperature.

[0101] The surface of the poplar wood obtained in step S5 was tested, and the test results are shown in Table 1. Since the ice crystals were partially or completely melted during sandblasting, the mechanical difference between earlywood and latewood was reduced, the texture depth was only 0.74 mm, the texture uniformity and fiber integrity scores dropped to 3 points, the earlywood removal rate dropped to 58%, and the surface roughness Ra increased to 4.5 μm. All indicators were significantly worse than those in Example 2, which verified the importance of maintaining the ice crystal state in a low-temperature environment to ensure the sandblasting effect.

[0102] Comparative Example 1

[0103] Using pine wood (air-dry density approximately 0.60 g / cm³) as the treatment target, without freeze-drying, it was directly treated at room temperature (approximately 20°C) using the same sandblasting parameters as in Example 1. The specific steps are as follows:

[0104] S1: Moisture adjustment. Take a dry 5cm×50cm×50cm pine board and soak it in clean water for 80 hours to allow the wood to fully absorb water. The moisture content should be 72%. After taking it out, remove the surface free water. After there are no obvious water droplets on the wood surface, proceed to the next step.

[0105] S2: Place the wood directly in a room temperature environment;

[0106] S3: Sandblasting treatment is carried out at room temperature (about 20°C) using 40# diamond abrasive and a sandblasting pressure of 0.65MPa to perform a single sandblasting treatment on the wood surface.

[0107] S4: Clean the mixture of residual abrasive and wood chips on the wood surface obtained in step S3, and recover the abrasive after water separation;

[0108] S5: Apply varnish to the surface of the wood obtained in step S4 for sealing treatment.

[0109] The surface of the pine wood obtained in step S5 was tested, and the test results are shown in Table 1. Since the wood was not frozen before sandblasting, there were no ice crystals inside the wood, and the natural mechanical properties between the earlywood and latewood were small. The earlywood was not removed sufficiently during sandblasting, the texture relief depth was shallow, the texture was not clear, and the overall effect was significantly worse than that of Example 1.

[0110] Comparative Example 2

[0111] Using pine wood (air-dry density approximately 0.60 g / cm³) as the target material, a traditional wire drawing process was employed, with the following specific steps:

[0112] Take a pine board of the same specifications as in Example 1, and use a wire brush to mechanically brush the surface along the wood grain. Keep the brushing force and speed uniform until a clear texture effect is formed on the surface.

[0113] The surface of the obtained pine wood was tested, and the test results are shown in Table 1. After the wood was brushed, the surface of the wood was obviously fuzzy, the grain edge was rough, and the fiber integrity score was low. Moreover, since the density difference between the earlywood and latewood of pine is relatively limited, the brushing effect is average, and the grain depth and uniformity are not as good as those of Example 1 of this application.

[0114] Comparative Example 3

[0115] Using pine wood (air-dry density approximately 0.60 g / cm³) as the target material, a high-temperature carbonization process was employed. The specific steps are as follows:

[0116] Take pine wood boards of the same specifications as in Example 1, and use a high-temperature flame to carbonize the surface of the wood, causing the surface wood fibers to thermally decompose and form a carbonized layer. Continue the treatment until a clear carbonized texture effect is formed on the surface.

[0117] The surface of the obtained pine wood was tested, and the test results are shown in Table 1. After carbonization treatment, the surface color of the wood was dark and uniform; the carbonized layer was relatively fragile, the surface fiber structure was severely damaged, and the fiber integrity score was the lowest; the texture uniformity was affected by the uneven distribution of high temperature, resulting in poor consistency.

[0118] Comparative Example 4

[0119] This comparative example is used to verify the effect of freezing time on sandblasting effect.

[0120] Pine wood (air-dry density approximately 0.60 g / cm³, classified as medium-density wood) was used as the treatment material. The pre-cooling and deep-cooling temperatures were the same as in Example 1, but the deep-cooling time was shortened to 12 hours. The remaining parameters were consistent with those in Example 1. The specific steps are as follows:

[0121] S1: Moisture adjustment. Take a dry 5cm×50cm×50cm pine board and soak it in clean water for 80 hours to allow the wood to fully absorb water. The moisture content should be 72%. After taking it out, remove the surface free water. After there are no obvious water droplets on the wood surface, proceed to the next step.

[0122] S2: Freezing treatment involves placing the moisture-conditioned pine wood in a freezing device, freezing it first at -15℃ for 10 hours and then at -20℃ for 12 hours; the temperature uniformity deviation inside the freezing device is controlled within ±5℃ to ensure that the freezing effect is consistent in all parts of the wood.

[0123] S3: Sandblasting treatment involves rapidly transferring the frozen pine wood to a low-temperature operating environment maintained at -10℃, using 40# diamond abrasive, and setting the sandblasting pressure to 0.65MPa to perform a single sandblasting treatment on the wood surface.

[0124] S4: After the sandblasting treatment is completed, the wood is heated at 10℃ for 12 hours, and then transferred to a 25℃ environment to dry until the ice crystals are completely melted. The abrasive and wood chips remaining on the surface of the wood are cleaned. The mixture is placed in water, and the floating wood chips are removed by taking advantage of the low density of the wood chips and their ability to float on the water surface. The remaining abrasive is dried and reused.

[0125] S5: Apply varnish to the surface of the wood obtained in step S4 for sealing treatment.

[0126] The surface of the pine wood obtained by step S5 was tested, and the test results are shown in Table 1. Due to the freezing time of only 12 hours, the internal moisture crystallization of the wood was insufficient, and the difference in mechanical properties between earlywood and latewood was limited. The removal effect of earlywood during sandblasting was not ideal, and the texture depth and uniformity were significantly lower than those in Example 1, indicating that insufficient freezing time will significantly affect the sandblasting effect.

[0127] Comparative Example 5

[0128] This comparative example is used to further verify the effect of freezing time on sandblasting effect, and forms a gradient comparison with Comparative Example 4.

[0129] Pine wood (air-dry density approximately 0.60 g / cm³) was used as the treatment material. The freezing temperature was the same as in Example 1 (-15°C), and the freezing time was set to 24 hours. All other parameters remained the same as in Example 1. The specific steps are as follows:

[0130] S1: Moisture adjustment. Take a dry 5cm×50cm×50cm pine board and soak it in clean water for 80 hours to allow the wood to fully absorb water. The moisture content should be 72%. After taking it out, remove the surface free water. After there are no obvious water droplets on the wood surface, proceed to the next step.

[0131] S2: Freezing treatment involves placing the moisture-conditioned pine wood in a freezing device, freezing it first at -15℃ for 10 hours and then at -20℃ for 24 hours; the temperature uniformity deviation inside the freezing device is controlled within ±5℃ to ensure that the freezing effect is consistent in all parts of the wood.

[0132] S3: Sandblasting treatment involves rapidly transferring the frozen pine wood to a low-temperature operating environment maintained at -10℃, using 40# diamond abrasive, and setting the sandblasting pressure to 0.65MPa to perform a single sandblasting treatment on the wood surface.

[0133] S4: After the sandblasting treatment is completed, the wood is heated at 10℃ for 12 hours, and then transferred to a 25℃ environment to dry until the ice crystals are completely melted. The abrasive and wood chips remaining on the surface of the wood are cleaned. The mixture is placed in water, and the floating wood chips are removed by taking advantage of the low density of the wood chips and their ability to float on the water surface. The remaining abrasive is dried and reused.

[0134] S5: Apply varnish to the surface of the wood obtained in step S4 for sealing treatment.

[0135] The surface of the pine wood obtained from step S5 was tested, and the test results are shown in Table 1. Compared with the freezing time of 12h in Comparative Example 4, all test indicators were improved after the freezing time was extended to 24h. However, compared with the freezing time of 48h in Example 1, there were still significant differences in the wood grain depth, earlywood removal rate and grain uniformity. This indicates that at the same freezing temperature, the longer the freezing time, the better the sandblasting effect. The 24h freezing time still did not achieve the best treatment effect.

[0136] Table 1. Comparison of surface effects of wood obtained from each embodiment and comparative example.

[0137]

[0138] The following conclusions can be drawn from Table 1:

[0139] (1) Freezing time has a significant impact on the texture enhancement effect and is positively correlated: The gradient comparison results with pine wood as the object and freezing temperature of -15℃ show that: in Comparative Example 4, the freezing time was 12h, the texture depth of the wood was only 0.41mm, the earlywood removal rate was 45%, and the texture uniformity score was only 2 points; in Comparative Example 5, after the freezing time was extended to 24h, the texture depth increased to 0.61mm, the earlywood removal rate was 55%, and the texture uniformity score increased to 3 points; in Example 1, when the freezing time was further extended to 48h, the texture depth reached 0.82mm, the earlywood removal rate was 68%, and the texture uniformity score increased to 4 points; the above data show that at the same freezing temperature, the longer the freezing time, the more fully the moisture crystallizes inside the wood, the greater the difference in mechanical properties between earlywood and latewood, and the better the sandblasting effect;

[0140] (2) Sandblasting in low temperature environment is of great significance. The sandblasting in Example 3 was a low temperature sandblasting at -15℃. The wood texture depth of 1.48mm and texture uniformity score of 5 points were better than the normal temperature sandblasting in Example 5, which had a wood texture depth of 0.74mm and a texture uniformity score of 3 points. This shows that maintaining the ice crystal state in the sandblasting in low temperature environment is important to ensure the sandblasting effect.

[0141] (3) The overall performance of the cryoblasting process of this application is superior to that of the traditional treatment method. Compared with the direct sandblasting without freezing provided in Comparative Example 1, the texture depth of each embodiment is significantly improved and the texture uniformity is significantly improved. Compared with the wire drawing treatment of Comparative Example 2, the wood surface fiber integrity is better after the treatment of this application, the texture edge is clearer, and the surface roughness is lower. Compared with the carbonization treatment of Comparative Example 3, the wood surface fiber structure damage is minimal after the treatment of this application, the fiber integrity score is the highest, and the wood surface color is not changed, which can meet the diverse decoration needs.

[0142] The above description of the embodiments is only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this application. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made to this application without departing from the principles of this application, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of this application.

[0143] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use this application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this application. Therefore, this application is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for presenting a three-dimensional texture on a wood surface, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Freeze the wood containing moisture; The moisture-containing wood includes dried wood that has undergone moisture adjustment or wood that is inherently moist, and the moisture content of the moisture-containing wood is ≥30%. The freezing temperature is <0℃; S2. Sandblast the wood obtained in step S1.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sandblasting process also includes: S3. Place the wood obtained in step S2 in an environment of 5~10℃ for 12~24h, then transfer it to an environment of 20~30℃ to dry. Then clean the abrasive and wood chips on the surface of the wood, separate the cleaned abrasive and wood chips in water, remove the floating wood chips, and dry the obtained abrasive for sandblasting in step S2. S4. Apply wood wax oil or varnish to the surface of the wood obtained in step S3 for sealing treatment.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, In step S1, the process of adjusting the moisture content of the dried wood specifically involves: The air-dry density of the wood is ≤0.55 g / cm³. 3 The dried wood is soaked in water for more than 0.5 hours to obtain wood with a moisture content of 60% to 100%. The air-dry density of the wood is 0.56 g / cm³. 3 To achieve a moisture content of 0.74 g / cm³, the dried wood is soaked in water for at least 0.5 hours, resulting in wood with a moisture content of 55%–80%. The air-dry density of the wood is ≥0.75g / cm³. The dried wood is soaked in water for more than 0.5 hours to make the moisture content of the obtained wood reach more than 30% of the fiber saturation point.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The freezing process consists of pre-cooling and deep cooling in sequence. The pre-cooling temperature is greater than or equal to -10°C and less than -18°C, and the pre-cooling time is 6 to 12 hours. The deep cooling temperature is greater than -18°C and less than or equal to -35°C, and the deep cooling time is 20 to 120 hours.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The thickness of the wood is greater than or equal to 1 cm and less than 3 cm, and the deep-crystallization time is 20 to 24 hours; the thickness of the wood is greater than or equal to 3 cm and less than 8 cm, and the deep-crystallization time is 48 to 60 hours; the thickness of the wood is greater than or equal to 8 cm, and the deep-crystallization time is 72 to 120 hours.

6. The method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that, In step S1, the freezing treatment is carried out in a freezing device, and the temperature uniformity deviation within the freezing device does not exceed ±5℃; and / or, during the freezing treatment, the distance between adjacent pieces of wood is 15~30mm.

7. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, In step S2, the temperature of the sandblasting treatment is -5°C to -15°C, and / or the abrasive used in the sandblasting treatment includes one or more of the following: diamond, white corundum, alumina, glass, and brown corundum.

8. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, In step S2, the pressure of the sandblasting treatment is 0.3 MPa to 0.8 MPa, and / or the distance between the nozzle of the sandblasting treatment and the wood obtained in step S1 is 120 to 180 mm.

9. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, In step S2, if a shallow, soft three-dimensional texture is to be created, the abrasive used in the sandblasting process is fine sand of grade 8# to 12#, and the sandblasting pressure is 0.3MPa to 0.6MPa. If a deep, embossed three-dimensional texture is to be created, the abrasive used in the sandblasting process is coarse sand of grade 40#, and the sandblasting pressure is 0.45MPa to 0.8MPa.

10. A wood product, characterized in that, The wood product is prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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