A fibre reinforcement cage winding apparatus and method of production

Abstract

The application provides a fiber cage winding device and a production method, and belongs to the technical field of composite material forming. The fiber cage winding device comprises a rack, a fiber winding mechanism is arranged on one side of the rack, a fiber bundle traction assembly and a displacement assembly for driving the fiber bundle traction assembly to move axially are arranged on the rack, and the fiber bundle traction assembly comprises a bearing plate and a wire arranging rack fixed on the bearing plate. One side of the wire arranging rack close to the fiber winding mechanism is provided with a fixing arm, a limiting column and a wire guide nozzle are arranged at one end of the fixing arm, a telescopic arm is hingedly connected to the bearing plate, a servo motor is installed on the bearing plate, the output end of the servo motor is connected with the telescopic arm, the servo motor is used for driving the telescopic arm to rotate to adjust the inclination angle of the telescopic arm, and an elastic mounting seat is arranged at the movable end of the telescopic arm. The application can relieve the resin enrichment phenomenon at the node, and solves the problem that the node density and the fiber integrity are difficult to be considered in the existing process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of composite material molding technology, specifically to a fiber reinforcement cage winding device and production method. Background Technology

[0002] Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites have found increasingly widespread applications in fields such as building construction, pipeline infrastructure, and aerospace due to their excellent mechanical properties, including lightweight, high strength, corrosion resistance, and fatigue resistance. Among these applications, multi-directional cross-grid reinforcement cages or load-bearing skeletons prepared using continuous fiber winding technology can fully leverage the multi-dimensional load-bearing advantages of fibers and have become an important technological development direction for replacing traditional steel reinforcement skeletons.

[0003] In the continuous forming process of fiber mesh structures, existing winding equipment typically uses the combined motion of the axial linear translation of the CNC guide nozzle and the circumferential rotation of the mold to lay the fiber bundle impregnated with liquid resin onto the mold surface along a set trajectory. For example, Chinese patent application CN111113941A discloses an automated winding forming equipment and method for composite material mesh tubes. It utilizes multi-axis linkage control of the guide nozzle's motion trajectory, combined with a global tension control system, to achieve automated winding forming of continuous fiber mesh tubes, representing the current mainstream equipment configuration in the industry. However, this type of equipment still relies on global tension to ensure laying quality and does not have a dedicated dynamic control mechanism designed for local forming defects at intersection nodes.

[0004] However, existing automated winding equipment, as exemplified by this patent application, still faces significant technological bottlenecks in actual industrial production, particularly in controlling the forming quality of cross nodes. During the continuous winding of the mesh reinforcement cage, raised nodes with overlapping thicknesses typically form at the intersection of the forward and reverse spiral fibers. The forming process often relies solely on the overall fiber tension applied by the control system to provide normal clamping force. However, this clamping action, which relies solely on the conversion of axial fiber tension, is difficult to adapt to local thickness variations at cross nodes, cannot achieve uniform and effective compaction and bonding, cannot adequately remove air bubbles trapped inside the cross nodes, and cannot effectively squeeze out excess liquid adhesive in this area, easily leading to resin accumulation at the nodes.

[0005] The liquid resin enriched at the intersections not only significantly reduces the local fiber volume content, but more importantly, the large amount of resin accumulates and undergoes significant volume shrinkage during cross-linking and curing. This leads to substantial internal curing stress and microcracks in these areas of abrupt thickness change. When the mesh skeleton is actually loaded, these resin-rich nodes, unable to effectively transfer interlayer shear loads, easily become stress concentration points, ultimately causing interlayer delamination and early failure of the mesh structure.

[0006] Furthermore, if the overall winding tension of the system is forcibly increased simply to extrude the node resin, the bottom fibers are easily subjected to lateral compression by the overlying tensioned fibers at the intersection protrusions, resulting in significant bending stress concentration, which in turn leads to fiber breakage and poses a risk of filament breakage.

[0007] In summary, existing fiber winding molding equipment cannot simultaneously ensure the molding density of the node area and the overall structural integrity of the fiber when dealing with three-dimensional spatial intersections. Therefore, developing a novel fiber optic rib winding equipment and production method that effectively eliminates resin accumulation defects inside the intersections while protecting the fibers from mechanical damage is of great significance for improving the overall load-bearing capacity and molding quality of continuous fiber mesh skeletons. Summary of the Invention

[0008] In view of this, this application provides a fiber optic cage winding device and production method, which is mainly used to solve the problem that when the fiber optic cage winding device is forming cross nodes, increasing the tension will easily lead to fiber shearing and breakage, and conventional tension will easily lead to resin enrichment at the nodes, thus making it impossible to take into account both the node density and the integrity of the overall fiber structure.

[0009] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this application provides a fiber optic cable winding device, comprising a frame, a fiber winding mechanism on one side of the frame, a fiber bundle traction assembly and a displacement assembly for driving the fiber bundle traction assembly axially, characterized in that: the fiber bundle traction assembly includes a support plate and a wire guide frame fixed on the support plate, a fixed arm is provided on the side of the wire guide frame near the fiber winding mechanism, one end of the fixed arm is provided with a limit post and a guide nozzle; a telescopic arm is hinged to the support plate, and a servo motor is mounted on the support plate. The output end of the servo motor is connected to the telescopic arm and is used to drive the telescopic arm to rotate to adjust its tilt angle; the movable end of the telescopic arm is provided with an elastic mounting seat, and a U-shaped pressure plate is hinged to the elastic mounting seat through a universal ball joint. The elastic mounting seat is used to provide elastic buffering force to absorb the thickness change at the fiber bundle intersection point and make the transition smooth; an overflow hole is provided at the end of the U-shaped pressure plate away from the guide nozzle, and a guide tube is connected to the U-shaped pressure plate. The inner bottom of the U-shaped pressure plate is provided with a slope that slopes and contracts towards the overflow hole to guide excess resin into the overflow hole.

[0010] This solution, based on the traction components of existing fiber winding equipment, uses a servo motor to drive the telescopic arm to rotate, ensuring that the tilt angle of the telescopic arm synchronizes with the spiral laying trajectory of the fiber bundle. An elastic mounting seat at the movable end of the telescopic arm, hinged to a U-shaped pressure plate via a universal ball joint, forms a floating compaction mechanism that adaptively conforms to the fiber surface. When the fiber bundle is laid on the mold surface, the U-shaped pressure plate applies normal pressure to the fiber, its sidewalls constrain lateral fiber displacement, and the inclined slope at the inner bottom guides excess resin to the overflow hole, which is then discharged directionally through a guide pipe, effectively alleviating resin accumulation at intersections. When encountering protruding nodes formed by the intersection of forward and reverse spiral fibers, the elastic buffering force provided by the elastic mounting seat causes the U-shaped pressure plate to automatically retract, absorbing sudden thickness changes and avoiding bending and compression damage to the fiber caused by rigid extrusion. Simultaneously, continuous normal pressure squeezes out air bubbles inside the node, achieving a compaction effect that balances node density and fiber integrity.

[0011] Optionally, the fiber winding mechanism includes a winding mold, a movable seat, and a fixed seat. Side plates are mounted on both the movable seat and the fixed seat. The side plates are provided with multi-jaw clamping and centering components for clamping and positioning the winding mold. A first motor is mounted on one end of the frame near the fixed seat, and the output end of the first motor is connected to the spindle of the corresponding side plate. A side frame is provided on one end of the frame near the movable seat, and a sliding component is provided on the side frame for driving the movable seat and the corresponding side plate to move along the axial direction of the winding mold.

[0012] By setting up a fixed seat and a movable seat equipped with a side plate and a multi-claw clamping and centering component, the fixed side plate is driven by the first motor to rotate the winding mold, and the movable side, in conjunction with the sliding component, achieves axial displacement, so that the winding mold can be quickly unloaded from the frame, which is conducive to the separation of the wound rib cage from the winding mold.

[0013] Optionally, the sliding assembly includes a support plate, the top of which is fixedly connected to two symmetrically arranged slide rails; the bottom of the movable seat is fixedly connected to a base block, and rollers are installed on both sides of the base block, with the rollers rollingly engaging with the corresponding slide rails; a hydraulic cylinder is provided on the side frame, and the output end of the hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the movable seat.

[0014] Optionally, a receiving box is detachably installed below one end of the support plate near the telescopic arm; the receiving box has an outwardly flared wide-mouth structure on the side near the guide nozzle, and the inner bottom of the receiving box is inclined towards the inside of the box body to facilitate resin collection; two symmetrically distributed L-shaped inserts are fixedly connected to the bottom of the support plate, and the bottom of the receiving box is provided with insertion holes that are adapted to the L-shaped inserts.

[0015] By setting a wide-mouthed, detachable receiving box with an inclined inner bottom under the support plate, and adopting an L-shaped insert plate and plug hole plug-in installation structure, the receiving box can be quickly disassembled and cleaned; the wide-mouthed structure is adapted to the material dropping range of different swing angles of the telescopic arm, and the inclined bottom facilitates resin collection, realizing the centralized recycling of excess resin.

[0016] Optionally, the telescopic arm includes a swing arm and a movable rod, one end of which is slidably inserted into the interior of the swing arm; a linear driver is provided on one side of the swing arm, and the output end of the linear driver is connected to the movable rod; the rotation center of the swing arm is eccentrically set with respect to the wire outlet position of the guide nozzle, so that the U-shaped pressure plate lags behind the wire drop point of the guide nozzle in the rotation direction of the winding die; when the servo motor drives the swing arm to rotate, the linear driver synchronously drives the movable rod to extend and retract to compensate for the displacement deviation of the compaction end caused by the eccentric setting and the swing arm swing.

[0017] By designing the telescopic arm as a sleeve structure of a swing arm and a movable rod, and using a linear actuator to achieve telescopic adjustment, and with the eccentric setting of the swing arm rotation center and the wire guide nozzle outlet, the linear actuator synchronously telescopically extends and retracts to compensate for displacement deviation when the swing arm swings, ensuring that the U-shaped pressure plate is always in a suitable compaction position and adapting to different laying angles.

[0018] Optionally, the elastic mounting base includes a mounting plate, a guide rod, and a spring. The guide rod is fixed to the side of the mounting plate facing the movable rod. The movable rod has a guide hole on its inclined end face near the mounting plate that slides with the guide rod. The spring is sleeved on the outside of the guide rod, with its two ends abutting against the movable rod and the mounting plate, respectively. The inclined end face is used to adjust the reference angle of the mounting plate so that the extension axis of the spring is aligned with the normal direction of the mold circumference at the corresponding position, providing normal clamping force to the fiber bundle and reducing lateral force.

[0019] Optionally, the end of the U-shaped pressure plate near the fiber bundle feeding is a trumpet-shaped structure that expands outward, and the inner sidewall of this end curves upward to form a smooth inlet surface with a rounded transition.

[0020] By designing the fiber feeding end of the U-shaped pressure plate as an outward-expanding trumpet shape and setting a smooth guide surface with a rounded transition on the inner side wall, the fiber bundle and cross nodes can be guided smoothly into the area under the pressure plate, avoiding edge scratches and damage to the fibers, while ensuring that the fiber bundle enters the compaction area in the center, thus improving the smoothness of the laying.

[0021] Optionally, the displacement assembly includes a fixed plate, a rack, a slide bar, a second motor, and a gear. The rack is fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the fixed plate. There are two slide bars, which are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the fixed plate. The second motor is fixedly mounted on the bottom surface of the support plate. The gear is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the second motor and meshes with the rack. A slider that slides with the slide bar is fixedly connected to the bottom of the support plate.

[0022] A method for producing fiber reinforced cages specifically includes the following steps:

[0023] S1. The continuous fiber bundle impregnated with resin is led out from the guide nozzle. The servo motor drives the telescopic arm to rotate synchronously to the tilt angle consistent with the fiber bundle laying trajectory. The U-shaped pressure plate adaptively fits the surface of the fiber bundle through the universal ball head, pressing the fiber bundle firmly onto the surface of the winding mold along the normal direction, and simultaneously scraping off excess resin. When multiple layers of fibers intersect to form a cross node, the U-shaped pressure plate adaptively retracts through the elastic mounting seat to adapt to the thickness change, and continuously applies normal pressure to expel air bubbles inside the cross point. S2. When the guide nozzle moves to the end of the smooth winding mold, the displacement component stops moving axially, the servo motor drives the telescopic arm to swing to be in the same vertical plane as the guide nozzle, and at the same time the linear driver drives the movable rod to extend and retract to maintain the set compaction distance; the winding mold continues to rotate, so that the fiber bundle is wound in situ around the end to form at least one ring of circumferential fiber, and the U-shaped pressure plate continues to perform normal compression and anchoring on the circumferential fiber; S3. At the start of the reverse folding and laying, the displacement component moves in the opposite direction, the telescopic arm swings in the opposite direction and maintains the same tilt angle as the reverse fiber bundle, and the U-shaped pressure plate performs follow-up limit constraint on the wound fiber bundle to prevent its lateral displacement.

[0024] This method uses a U-shaped pressure plate with adjustable angle to achieve normal compaction and glue scraping throughout the fiber laying process. Elastic relief at the intersection prevents fiber breakage and removes bubbles. The ends are anchored by continuous compaction through circumferential winding. When folding back, the follow-up limit prevents fiber displacement, forming a complete mesh cage forming process. This effectively improves the density of nodes and the accuracy of the line shape, taking into account both forming quality and production efficiency.

[0025] Optionally, during the fiber bundle winding process, the slope at the bottom of the U-shaped pressure plate guides the scraped excess resin into the overflow hole, and collects it into the receiving box for centralized recycling via the guide pipe.

[0026] In summary, compared with the prior art, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. This application employs a U-shaped pressure plate structure with a flexible mounting base and a universal ball joint hinge, combined with an integrated scraping and guiding structure featuring an inclined slope inside the pressure plate, overflow holes, and guide pipes. This allows for continuous application of normal compaction force during fiber placement, dynamically adapting to thickness changes at cross nodes, simultaneously scraping away excess resin and expelling air bubbles from within the nodes. The trumpet-shaped arc transition structure at the entrance end of the U-shaped pressure plate ensures smooth entry of fiber bundles and cross nodes into the compaction area, preventing rigid scraping damage. This method overcomes the limitations of traditional equipment that relies solely on overall tension compaction, effectively alleviating resin accumulation at nodes while preventing fiber damage, thus solving the problem of balancing node density and fiber integrity in existing processes.

[0027] 2. By employing a servo motor-driven telescopic arm with synchronously adjusting angles, combined with the grooved sidewall constraint of the U-shaped pressure plate, the compaction mechanism can always follow the inclined trajectory of the spiral fiber laying, forming a continuous and stable lateral constraint on the inclined fiber bundles. This structure can actively conform to the fiber direction and apply constraint, preventing microscopic lateral slippage of the fiber bundles under resin impregnation, effectively improving the laying quality of the grid lines. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a fiber optic cage winding device according to this application; Figure 2 This is a top view schematic diagram of a fiber optic cage winding device according to this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the fiber bundle traction and compaction mechanism in this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the telescopic arm and U-shaped pressure plate in this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the U-shaped pressure plate and the swing arm in this application; Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the U-shaped pressure plate in this application; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the slide rail and rollers in this application; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the L-shaped insert plate and receiving box in this application.

[0029] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Frame; 11. Side frame; 111. Support plate; 112. Slide rail; 2. Winding mold; 21. Movable seat; 211. Base block; 212. Roller; 213. Hydraulic cylinder; 22. Fixed seat; 221. First motor; 23. Side plate; 3. Bearing plate; 31. Wire rack; 311. Fixed arm; 312. Limiting post; 313. Wire guide nozzle; 32. Swing arm; 33. Movable rod; 34. Linear driver; 35. Mounting plate; 351. Guide rod; 352. Spring; 36. U-shaped pressure plate; 361. Guide pipe; 362. Overflow hole; 37. Servo motor; 38. Slider; 39. L-shaped insert plate; 4. Fixed plate; 41. Rack; 42. Slide rod; 43. Second motor; 44. Gear; 5. Receiving box; 51. Insertion hole. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the following will be combined with the embodiments of this application. Figures 1-8 The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application are clearly and completely described herein. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the described embodiments are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0031] Firstly, refer to the appendix Figure 1 and Figure 2 This embodiment provides a fiber optic winding device, including a frame 1, a fiber winding mechanism, a displacement component, and a fiber bundle traction and compaction mechanism. The frame 1 serves as the main supporting structure of the device, providing stable assembly support for each functional mechanism and component. The fiber winding mechanism is mounted on one side of the frame 1, used to clamp and fix the winding mold 2 and drive it to rotate circumferentially, providing a rotating base for continuous fiber winding. The displacement component is mounted on the frame 1, used to drive the fiber bundle traction and compaction mechanism to translate along the axial direction of the winding mold 2. The fiber bundle traction and compaction mechanism integrates multiple functions such as fiber guide placement, angle-following compaction, and glue scraping and guiding, used to place the resin-impregnated continuous fiber bundles onto the mold surface according to a set spiral trajectory, and simultaneously complete the compaction of cross nodes and the scraping of excess resin. It should be noted that the fiber tension control unit, resin impregnation tank, and other supporting auxiliary devices in this embodiment all adopt conventional and mature technologies in the field, and their specific structures and working principles belong to the scope of existing technology, and will not be described in detail here. In addition, this equipment is also equipped with a main control unit (such as a PLC controller or CNC system, not shown in the figure). The first motor 221, the second motor 43, the servo motor 37, and the linear driver 34 are all electrically connected to the main control unit. The main control unit coordinates and controls the operation of each drive component according to the preset winding spiral angle and mold parameters to achieve multi-axis linkage and synchronous operation.

[0032] Among them, refer to the appendix Figure 1 and Figure 2The fiber winding mechanism includes a winding mold 2, a movable seat 21, a fixed seat 22, and a sliding assembly. The movable seat 21 and the fixed seat 22 are arranged opposite each other along the length of the frame 1. A side plate 23 is installed on each of their opposite sides. A multi-jaw clamping and centering assembly is provided on the side plate 23 for clamping and positioning both ends of the winding mold 2. The multi-jaw clamping and centering assembly includes multiple jaws evenly distributed along the circumference of the side plate 23. Each jaw can be adjusted synchronously in the radial direction to achieve clamping and coaxial centering of the ends of the winding mold. A first motor 221 is installed at the end of the frame 1 near the fixed seat 22. The output end of the first motor 221 is connected to the main shaft of the side plate 23 on one side of the fixed seat 22. A side frame 11 is provided at the end of the frame 1 near the movable seat 21. The sliding assembly is mounted on the side frame 11 for driving the movable seat 21 and the corresponding side plate 23 to reciprocate along the axial direction of the winding mold 2. It should be noted that the multi-claw clamping and centering component is a mature structure in the existing technology, and its detailed structure and working principle will not be described in detail in this embodiment.

[0033] The multi-jaw clamping centering component ensures the coaxiality of both ends of the winding mold 2, reduces the probability of radial runout during rotation, and improves the trajectory accuracy of fiber placement; the first motor 221 drives the side plate 23 to rotate the mold at a uniform speed, providing stable rotational motion for continuous winding; the movable seat 21, with its axially adjustable design in conjunction with the sliding component, can be adapted to winding molds 2 of different lengths and specifications, while providing operating space for the hoisting and disassembly of the mold, thus improving the applicability and ease of operation of the equipment.

[0034] Specifically, refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 7 The sliding assembly includes a support plate 111, two slide rails 112, a base block 211, two sets of rollers 212, and a hydraulic cylinder 213. The support plate 111 is fixedly mounted on the top of the side frame 11, and the two slide rails 112 are symmetrically fixed on the upper surface of the support plate 111. The base block 211 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the movable seat 21, and the two sets of rollers 212 are respectively installed on both sides of the base block 211, and the rollers 212 roll in cooperation with the corresponding slide rails 112. The hydraulic cylinder 213 is fixedly mounted on the end of the side frame 11, and its output end is fixedly connected to the side wall of the movable seat 21.

[0035] By adopting the rolling cooperation between roller 212 and slide rail 112, the frictional resistance of the movable seat 21 during movement can be greatly reduced, and the operation is smooth and stable. At the same time, in conjunction with the linear drive of hydraulic cylinder 213, the position of the movable seat 21 can be precisely controlled and stably locked, which improves the overall rigidity of the winding mold 2 after clamping and reduces the risk of axial movement during the winding process.

[0036] Among them, refer to the appendix Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3The displacement assembly includes a fixed plate 4, a rack 41, two slide rods 42, a second motor 43, and a gear 44. The fixed plate 4 is fixedly mounted on the top of the frame 1 along the length of the frame 1, and the rack 41 is fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the fixed plate 4. The two slide rods 42 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the fixed plate 4 and are arranged parallel to the rack 41. The second motor 43 is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the fiber bundle traction and compaction mechanism, and the gear 44 is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the second motor 43 and meshes with the rack 41. A slider 38 that slides with the slide rods 42 is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the fiber bundle traction and compaction mechanism.

[0037] The gear and rack transmission features high transmission accuracy and smooth operation. Combined with the CNC control of the second motor 43, it can precisely regulate the axial movement speed and position of the fiber bundle traction and compaction mechanism, thereby precisely controlling the spiral angle and grid spacing of fiber laying. The symmetrical guide structure of the two slide rods 42 can prevent swaying during the movement of the traction mechanism and improve the operational stability of the laying process.

[0038] Among them, refer to the appendix Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 The fiber bundle traction and compaction mechanism includes a support plate 3, a wire guide frame 31, a telescopic arm, an elastic mounting base, and a U-shaped pressure plate 36. The support plate 3 serves as the mounting base, with its bottom fixedly connected to the slider 38, and can move axially as a whole with the displacement assembly. The wire guide frame 31 is fixed to the upper surface of the support plate 3, and a fixed arm 311 extends from the side near the fiber winding mechanism. The end of the fixed arm 311 is sequentially provided with a limit post 312 and a guide nozzle 313. There are two limit posts 312. After the continuous fiber bundle impregnated with resin is guided by the limit posts 312, it is precisely laid onto the surface of the winding mold 2 by the guide nozzle 313.

[0039] The limiting post 312 can pre-comb and buffer the tension of the fiber bundle, reducing the probability of twisting and knotting of the fiber bundle; the guide nozzle 313 can constrain the laying position of the fiber bundle, ensuring the accuracy of the fiber landing point, and providing a stable feeding benchmark for subsequent compaction and glue scraping processes.

[0040] Specifically, the telescopic arm includes a swing arm 32, a movable rod 33, a linear actuator 34, and a servo motor 37. One end of the swing arm 32 is hinged to the support plate 3. The servo motor 37 is fixedly mounted on the support plate 3, and its output end is connected to the hinge end of the swing arm 32 for driving the swing arm 32 to rotate around the hinge axis and adjust the overall tilt angle of the telescopic arm. One end of the movable rod 33 is slidably inserted into the inside of the swing arm 32. The linear actuator 34 is fixedly mounted on the side wall of the swing arm 32, and its output end is fixedly connected to the movable rod 33. The rotation center of the swing arm 32 is eccentrically positioned relative to the wire outlet position of the guide nozzle 313. In this embodiment, the linear actuator 34 is a cylinder or an electric telescopic rod.

[0041] Because there is an eccentricity between the rotation center of the swing arm 32 and the yarn outlet of the guide nozzle 313, this offset design ensures that the U-shaped pressure plate 36 always trails behind the yarn drop point of the guide nozzle 313 in the rotation direction of the winding mold 2. This ensures that the fiber naturally adheres to the mold to establish its trajectory before the U-shaped pressure plate 36 follows up and compacts it, avoiding lateral interference from the U-shaped pressure plate 36 to the initial fiber laying trajectory. At the same time, when the swing arm 32 swings to adjust the tilt angle, since the end rotation trajectory of the swing arm 32 is an arc surface while the surface of the winding mold 2 is a cylindrical surface, the compaction end of the swing arm 32 will have a spatial geometric distance deviation from the tangent point on the mold surface at different tilt angles. At this time, the main control unit synchronously drives the movable rod 33 to extend and retract according to the rotation angle of the swing arm 32 through the linear driver 34, which can compensate for the radial distance deviation in real time, ensuring that the U-shaped pressure plate 36 always maintains the set compaction distance and adhering posture, adapting to fiber laying trajectories with different helical angles, and realizing follow-up compaction that changes synchronously with the laying angle.

[0042] Specifically, the elastic mounting base includes a mounting plate 35, a guide rod 351, and a spring 352. The end of the movable rod 33 is machined into an inclined end face that forms a preset angle with the axial direction of the rod body, and the mounting plate 35 is assembled parallel to and attached to this end face; the guide rod 351 is fixed to the side of the mounting plate 35 facing the movable rod 33, and a guide hole is provided on the inclined end face for sliding cooperation with the guide rod 351; the spring 352 is disposed between the movable rod 33 and the mounting plate 35, and its two ends respectively abut against the inclined end face of the movable rod 33 and the mounting plate 35.

[0043] By pre-setting the angle of the inclined end face and coordinating the spatial position after the linear actuator 34 has been compensated for its extension and retraction, the extension axis of the spring 352 can be made to roughly point in the normal direction of the circumference of the mold 2 at the corresponding position. This maximizes the concentration of the clamping force in the normal direction, reduces lateral force components, and lowers the probability of the fiber bundle slipping due to lateral force. The elastic extension and retraction characteristics of the spring 352 can automatically yield when passing through the thickness change area of ​​the intersection node, absorbing the thickness impact and reducing the risk of bending damage to the underlying fibers caused by rigid compression. At the same time, it continuously outputs a stable elastic recovery force, improving the compaction effect of the node area and balancing the node density and fiber structure integrity. The guide rod 351 can radially limit the extension and retraction direction of the spring 352 to prevent the spring 352 from deflecting under pressure and ensure the stability of the clamping force direction.

[0044] Specifically, refer to Figure 5 and Figure 6The U-shaped pressure plate 36 is hinged to the bottom of the mounting plate 35 via a universal ball joint (not shown in detail in the figure, using a conventional universal hinge) located between the two. The fiber feeding end near the guide nozzle 313 is a trumpet-shaped structure that expands outward, and the inner sidewall is raised to form a smooth guide surface with a rounded transition. An overflow hole 362 is provided at the end of the U-shaped pressure plate 36 away from the guide nozzle 313. A guide pipe 361 communicating with the overflow hole 362 is connected to the U-shaped pressure plate 36. The inner bottom of the U-shaped pressure plate 36 is provided with a slope that is inclined towards the overflow hole 362.

[0045] The hinged structure of the universal ball joint gives the U-shaped pressure plate 36 a multi-degree-of-freedom attitude self-adaptive capability, which can conform to the slight undulations of the mold surface and the fiber bundle surface, ensuring uniform contact of the compaction surface and avoiding local incomplete compaction or excessive pressure. The trumpet-shaped guide surface can form a gentle lifting guide when the cross node enters under the pressure plate, reducing the probability of the pressure plate edge scraping or jamming the fiber bundle, and ensuring a smooth laying process. The U-shaped groove sidewall of the U-shaped pressure plate 36 can form a lateral constraint on the fiber bundle, and with the telescopic arm, it can continuously limit the lateral displacement of the fiber during inclined laying, improving the accuracy of the grid line shape. The U-shaped pressure plate 36 can simultaneously scrape off excess liquid resin on the fiber surface during compaction and guide the resin into the overflow hole 362, and discharge it in a directional manner through the guide pipe 361, effectively alleviating the problem of resin accumulation at the cross node.

[0046] Among them, refer to the appendix Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 8 A material receiving and recycling mechanism, including a detachable receiving box 5, is provided below one end of the support plate 3 near the telescopic arm. The side of the receiving box 5 near the guide wire nozzle 313 has an outwardly flared wide-mouth structure, and the inner bottom of the receiving box 5 is inclined towards the inside of the box body. Two symmetrically distributed L-shaped insert plates 39 are fixedly connected to the bottom of the support plate 3. The bottom of the receiving box 5 has insertion holes 51 that are adapted to the L-shaped insert plates 39, and the assembly of the receiving box 5 is achieved by insertion and mating.

[0047] Since the guide tube 361 moves in a suspended state with the movement of the telescopic arm and the U-shaped pressure plate, the wide-mouth structure of the receiving box 5 near the guide nozzle can adapt to the resin drop range under different swing angles of the telescopic arm, ensuring that all the resin discharged from the guide tube 361 falls into the box when it drips in the space; the inclined inner bottom facilitates the collection of liquid resin to one side of the box body, which is convenient for subsequent cleaning and recycling; the plug-in installation structure of the L-shaped insert plate 39 and the insertion hole 51 can realize the quick disassembly and replacement of the receiving box 5, which is convenient to operate, while avoiding resin dripping and contaminating the equipment and working environment, thus improving the industrial applicability of the equipment.

[0048] The working principle of a fiber optic cage winding device according to an embodiment of this application is as follows: Initial preparation and clamping: First, the winding mold 2 is hoisted to the fiber winding mechanism. The hydraulic cylinder 213 drives the movable seat 21 to move along the slide rail 112 to a suitable distance. The multi-jaw clamping and centering components of the side plates 23 on both sides clamp and fix the two ends of the winding mold 2 to ensure the coaxiality of the mold. The continuous fiber bundle impregnated with resin is combed and guided by the limiting post 312 and then passed through the guide nozzle 313. The fiber end is pulled and fixed to the starting end of the winding mold 2. The angle and extension length of the telescopic arm are adjusted by the servo motor 37 and the linear driver 34 to make the U-shaped pressure plate 36 fit on the surface of the mold above the fiber bundle, completing the preparation work before laying.

[0049] Forward spiral laying and compaction: The first motor 221 is started to drive the winding mold 2 to rotate at a constant speed, while the second motor 43 drives the support plate 3 to move at a constant speed along the axial direction. Through the combined motion of rotation and axial movement, the fiber bundle is laid on the surface of the winding mold 2 according to the set spiral trajectory. The servo motor 37 synchronously drives the telescopic arm to swing to the same tilt angle as the fiber laying trajectory. The U-shaped pressure plate 36 adaptively fits the fiber surface through the universal ball joint and continuously applies a stable clamping force along the normal direction to compact the fiber bundle on the mold surface. During the laying process, the U-shaped pressure plate 36 simultaneously scrapes off excess liquid resin from the fiber surface. The resin flows along the slope into the overflow hole 362 and flows through the guide pipe 361 into the receiving box 5 below for centralized recycling.

[0050] Adaptive handling of cross nodes: When the forward and reverse spiral fibers intersect to form a raised cross node, the U-shaped pressure plate 36 passes through the area of ​​sudden change in node thickness. The spring 352 of the elastic mounting seat is compressed and retracted, absorbing the impact of the sudden change in thickness and reducing the risk of bending damage to the underlying fibers caused by rigid extrusion. At the same time, the elastic restoring force of the spring 352 continuously outputs normal positive pressure, squeezing the fiber bundle in the node area, expelling the air bubbles trapped inside the node, reducing resin enrichment, and improving the density of node molding.

[0051] End circumferential anchoring: When the guide nozzle 313 moves to the end position of the winding mold 2, the displacement component stops axial movement, the servo motor 37 drives the telescopic arm to swing to be in the same vertical plane as the guide nozzle 313, and at the same time the linear driver 34 drives the movable rod 33 to extend and retract to maintain the set compaction distance; the winding mold 2 continues to rotate, so that the fiber bundle is wound in situ around the end to form at least one circumferential fiber, and the U-shaped pressure plate 36 continuously applies normal pressure to the circumferential fiber to achieve the compression anchoring of the fiber end.

[0052] Reverse folding and laying limit: After the end anchoring is completed, the displacement component moves in the reverse direction to begin reverse spiral laying. The servo motor 37 drives the telescopic arm to swing in the reverse direction, maintaining the same tilt angle as the reverse fiber bundle. The U-shaped groove sidewall of the U-shaped pressure plate 36 forms a lateral constraint on the inclined fiber bundle, and synchronously follows and limits it during the laying process, reducing the probability of microscopic lateral slippage of the fiber bundle and improving the laying accuracy of the grid line. The above laying process is repeated until the fiber grid reinforcement cage of the set number of layers is completed.

[0053] The equipment used in this embodiment for fiber mesh winding molding can achieve local dynamic compaction and excess resin discharge at intersection nodes without increasing the overall winding tension of the system. Fiber continuity in the node area is effectively protected, reducing the risk of fiber breakage; resin enrichment at the nodes after curing is effectively mitigated, and the interlayer bonding quality and mesh line accuracy are superior to traditional winding processes that rely solely on tension compaction. Simultaneously, the pinless mold design significantly improves demolding efficiency and reduces end-product scrap rates.

[0054] Secondly, a method for producing fiber optic reinforcing cages, applied to the fiber optic reinforcing cage winding equipment described in the first aspect, includes the following steps: S1. The winding mold 2 is clamped and fixed on the fiber winding mechanism. The continuous fiber bundle impregnated with resin is guided by the limiting post 312 and led out by the guide nozzle 313. The end is fixed to the starting end of the winding mold 2. The servo motor 37 drives the telescopic arm to adjust to the corresponding tilt angle so that the U-shaped pressure plate 36 fits against the surface of the fiber bundle.

[0055] S2. The winding mold 2 rotates at a constant speed, and the displacement component drives the fiber bundle traction compaction mechanism to move axially. The fiber bundle is laid according to the set spiral trajectory. The U-shaped pressure plate 36 compacts the fiber bundle along the normal direction and scrapes off excess resin at the same time. At the intersection, the elastic mounting seat adaptively yields and continuously applies pressure to expel internal air bubbles.

[0056] S3. When the guide nozzle 313 moves to the end of the winding mold 2, the displacement component stops moving axially. After the telescopic arm adjusts its posture, the winding mold 2 continues to rotate, winding at least one ring of circumferential fiber at the end and compacting and anchoring it.

[0057] S4. The displacement component moves in the opposite direction to lay the fiber bundle in a reverse spiral. The telescopic arm adjusts its tilt angle in the opposite direction in sync. The U-shaped pressure plate 36 moves to limit the fiber bundle laterally, reducing the probability of lateral displacement. After repeated laying to the set number of layers, the fiber rib cage preform is obtained. After curing and demolding, the processing is completed.

[0058] S5. During the winding molding process of S2 to S4 above, the excess resin scraped off by the U-shaped pressure plate 36 is continuously introduced into the overflow hole 362 through the inner slope surface, and collected into the receiving box 5 through the guide pipe 361 for centralized recycling.

[0059] The above description is the preferred embodiment of this application. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles described in this application, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A fiber optic braiding device, comprising a frame (1), wherein a fiber winding mechanism is provided on one side of the frame (1), and a fiber bundle traction assembly and a displacement assembly for driving the fiber bundle traction assembly to move axially are provided on the frame (1), characterized in that: The fiber bundle traction assembly includes a support plate (3) and a wire guide (31) fixed on the support plate (3). The wire guide (31) has a fixed arm (311) on the side near the fiber winding mechanism. One end of the fixed arm (311) is provided with a limit post (312) and a guide nozzle (313). A telescopic arm is hinged on the support plate (3), and a servo motor (37) is installed on the support plate (3). The output end of the servo motor (37) is connected to the telescopic arm and is used to drive the telescopic arm to rotate in order to adjust its tilt angle. The movable end of the telescopic arm is provided with an elastic mounting seat, and a U-shaped pressure plate (36) is hinged to the elastic mounting seat via a universal ball joint. The elastic mounting seat is used to provide elastic buffering force to absorb the thickness change at the fiber bundle intersection point and make the transition smooth. An overflow hole (362) is provided at the end of the U-shaped pressure plate (36) away from the guide nozzle (313). A guide tube (361) is connected to the U-shaped pressure plate (36). The inner bottom of the U-shaped pressure plate (36) is provided with a slope that is inclined and contracted towards the overflow hole (362) to guide excess resin into the overflow hole (362).

2. The fiber optic reinforcing cage winding device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fiber winding mechanism includes a winding mold (2), a movable seat (21), and a fixed seat (22). Side plates (23) are installed on both the movable seat (21) and the fixed seat (22). The side plates (23) are provided with a multi-jaw clamping and centering assembly for clamping and positioning the winding mold (2). A first motor (221) is installed at one end of the frame (1) near the fixed seat (22). The output end of the first motor (221) is connected to the spindle of the corresponding side plate (23). A side frame (11) is provided at one end of the frame (1) near the movable seat (21). A sliding assembly is provided on the side frame (11) for driving the movable seat (21) and the corresponding side plate (23) to move along the axial direction of the winding mold (2).

3. The fiber optic reinforcing cage winding device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The sliding assembly includes a support plate (111), the top of which is fixedly connected to two symmetrically arranged slide rails (112); the bottom of the movable seat (21) is fixedly connected to a base block (211), and rollers (212) are installed on both sides of the base block (211), the rollers (212) rollingly engaging with the corresponding slide rails (112); a hydraulic cylinder (213) is provided on the side frame (11), and the output end of the hydraulic cylinder (213) is fixedly connected to the movable seat (21).

4. The fiber optic reinforcing cage winding device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A receiving box (5) is detachably installed on the lower end of the support plate (3) near the telescopic arm; the receiving box (5) has an outwardly wide opening structure on the side near the guide nozzle (313), and the inner bottom of the receiving box (5) is inclined towards the inside of the box body to facilitate resin collection; two symmetrically distributed L-shaped inserts (39) are fixedly connected to the bottom of the support plate (3), and the bottom of the receiving box (5) is provided with an insertion hole (51) that matches the L-shaped insert (39).

5. The fiber optic reinforcing cage winding device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The telescopic arm includes a swing arm (32) and a movable rod (33). One end of the movable rod (33) is slidably inserted into the inside of the swing arm (32). A linear driver (34) is provided on one side of the swing arm (32). The output end of the linear driver (34) is connected to the movable rod (33). The rotation center of the swing arm (32) is eccentrically set with respect to the wire outlet position of the guide nozzle (313), so that the U-shaped pressure plate (36) lags behind the wire drop point of the guide nozzle (313) in the rotation direction of the winding mold (2). When the servo motor (37) drives the swing arm (32) to rotate, the linear driver (34) synchronously drives the movable rod (33) to extend and retract, so as to compensate for the displacement deviation of the compaction end caused by the eccentric setting and the swing arm (32).

6. The fiber optic reinforcing cage winding device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The elastic mounting base includes a mounting plate (35), a guide rod (351), and a spring (352). The guide rod (351) is fixed to the side of the mounting plate (35) facing the movable rod (33). The movable rod (33) has a guide hole on its inclined end face near the mounting plate (35) that slides with the guide rod (351). The spring (352) is sleeved on the outside of the guide rod (351), and its two ends abut against the movable rod (33) and the mounting plate (35), respectively. The inclined end face is used to adjust the reference angle of the mounting plate (35) so that the extension axis of the spring (352) is consistent with the normal direction of the mold circumference at the corresponding position, so as to provide normal clamping force for the fiber bundle and reduce the lateral component force.

7. The fiber optic cage winding device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The U-shaped pressure plate (36) has a trumpet-shaped structure that expands outward at the end near the fiber bundle feeding, and the inner wall of this end is raised upward to form a smooth inlet surface with a rounded transition.

8. The fiber optic reinforcing cage winding device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The displacement assembly includes a fixed plate (4), a rack (41), a slide bar (42), a second motor (43), and a gear (44). The rack (41) is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the fixed plate (4). There are two slide bars (42), which are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the fixed plate (4). The second motor (43) is fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the support plate (3). The gear (44) is fixedly installed on the output shaft of the second motor (43) and meshes with the rack (41). A slider (38) that slides with the slide bar (42) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the support plate (3).

9. A method for producing fiber optic reinforcing cages, based on the fiber optic reinforcing cage winding equipment according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. The continuous fiber bundle impregnated with resin is led out by the guide nozzle (313). The servo motor (37) drives the telescopic arm to rotate synchronously to the tilt angle consistent with the fiber bundle laying trajectory. The U-shaped pressure plate (36) adaptively fits the fiber bundle surface through the universal ball head and presses the fiber bundle firmly on the surface of the winding mold (2) along the normal direction, and simultaneously scrapes off excess resin. When multiple layers of fibers intersect to form a cross node, the U-shaped pressure plate (36) adaptively retracts through the elastic mounting seat to adapt to the thickness change and continuously applies normal pressure to expel air bubbles inside the cross point. S2. When the guide nozzle (313) moves to the end of the smooth winding mold (2), the displacement component stops moving axially, the servo motor (37) drives the telescopic arm to swing to be in the same vertical plane as the guide nozzle (313), and at the same time the linear driver (34) drives the movable rod (33) to extend and retract to maintain the set compaction distance; the winding mold (2) continues to rotate, so that the fiber bundle is wound in situ at the end to form at least one ring of circumferential fiber, and the U-shaped pressure plate (36) continues to perform normal compression and anchoring on the circumferential fiber; S3. At the start of the reverse folding and laying, the displacement component moves in the opposite direction, the telescopic arm swings in the opposite direction and maintains the same tilt angle as the reverse fiber bundle, and the U-shaped pressure plate (36) performs follow-up limiting constraint on the wound fiber bundle to prevent its lateral displacement.

10. A method for producing a fiber reinforced cage according to claim 9, characterized in that: During the fiber bundle winding process, the slope at the bottom of the U-shaped pressure plate (36) will guide the scraped excess resin into the overflow hole (362) and collect it into the receiving box (5) via the guide pipe (361) for centralized recycling.

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