Laminated glazing

Abstract

A laminated glazing for a vehicle windshield is described that includes a first sheet of glazing material and a second sheet of glazing material joined by a sheet of adhesive interlayer material. The laminated glazing has an outward-facing surface and an inward-facing surface that includes a first treated region that is treated with a roughening process such that prior to the roughening process treatment, the first treated region has a first surface roughness and after the roughening process treatment, the first treated region has a second surface roughness. The first treated region having the second surface roughness facilitates the laminated glazing to break upon impact on the outward-facing surface. Also described is the use of a roughened region to reduce the time required for the laminated glazing to break upon impact by an impactor.

Description

[0001] Case Analysis

[0002] This patent application is a divisional patent application.

[0003] The original application of this divisional patent application (i.e., the parent application, firm file number IIM222623) is a patent application with an international filing date of March 12, 2021, international application number PCT / EP2021 / 056397, Chinese national application number 202180029673.8, and subject matter title "Laminated Window Glass". Technical Field

[0004] This invention relates to a laminated window glass used in automobiles, particularly a laminated window glass used as a windshield in automobiles. Background Technology

[0005] Conventional laminated window glass used for automotive windshields consists of two soda-lime silicate glass layers bonded together by a polyvinyl butyral (PVB) sheet. Typically, each glass sheet is 2.1 mm thick, and the PVB sheet is usually 0.76 mm thick.

[0006] As is known in the art, laminated automotive windshields offer improved safety benefits to vehicle drivers. However, automakers are also addressing vehicle safety issues in the event of a frontal collision with a pedestrian.

[0007] In the event of a collision with a pedestrian, the pedestrian may strike the vehicle's windshield, causing further injury to the pedestrian.

[0008] WO2013181505A1 describes a glass laminate comprising at least one chemically strengthened glass sheet with a thickness not exceeding 2.0 mm and a polymer interlayer between the glass sheets. Defects are created on the surface of one of the glass sheets to weaken the glass laminate in the event of an impact on a first side of the laminate, while maintaining the strength of the laminate in the event of an impact on an opposite second side of the laminate.

[0009] EP2062862A1 describes a glass sheet laminate structure produced by laminating at least three glass sheets with an intermediate layer between two adjacent glass sheets, and each glass sheet having a thickness of less than 1 mm. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The purpose of this invention is to provide a vehicle windshield that is arranged to reduce the risk of serious injury to a pedestrian in the event of a collision between a vehicle and a pedestrian.

[0011] Therefore, from a first aspect, the present invention provides a laminated window glass for a vehicle windshield, the laminated window glass comprising a first window glass sheet connected to a second window glass sheet by at least one adhesive interlayer material sheet, each of the first window glass sheet and the second window glass sheet having a respective first main surface and a second main surface, wherein the second main surface of the first window glass sheet faces the first main surface of the second window glass sheet, and further wherein the second main surface of the second window glass sheet includes at least a first processed area, the first processed area having undergone a roughening process such that, prior to the roughening process, the first processed area has a first surface roughness, and after the roughening process, the first processed area has a second surface roughness.

[0012] It has been found that by using a roughening process to provide a first treated area with a second roughness to the second main surface of the second window glass sheet, the second window glass sheet can break more easily when the first main surface of the first window glass sheet is impacted.

[0013] The second main surface of the second window glass sheet has a first area and the first processing area has a second area, and preferably the second area is smaller than the first area.

[0014] Preferably, after the roughening process, the first treated area is translucent.

[0015] Preferably, the first processing area has an outer perimeter, which has one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, or ten edges.

[0016] Preferably, the first processing area has four sides.

[0017] Preferably, the first processing area is rectangular, rhomboid, parallelogram, or square in shape.

[0018] Preferably, the first processing area has at least a portion of its outer edge that is parallel to or substantially parallel to the outer edge of the second window glass sheet.

[0019] Preferably, the first processing area includes at least a first part and a second part, wherein the first part and the second part are at a certain angle.

[0020] In some embodiments, the roughening process includes irradiating at least a portion of the first region to be treated with a laser to laser-etch a first processing area on the second main surface of a second window glass sheet. After laser irradiation, at least a portion of the first region is laser-etched.

[0021] Preferably, after laser irradiation, the first processing area includes the defect portion within the volume of the second window glass sheet, which is defined on one side by the first processing area.

[0022] Preferably, the laser is a carbon dioxide laser.

[0023] In some embodiments, the roughening process includes providing one or more scratches in a first treated area on the second surface of the second window glass sheet.

[0024] Preferably, the scratches are randomly arranged.

[0025] Preferably, the scratches are produced mechanically.

[0026] Preferably, the scratches are formed using an abrasive material.

[0027] Preferably, the scratches are formed using sandpaper.

[0028] In some embodiments, the roughening process includes grinding a first processing area on the second surface of the second window glass sheet.

[0029] Preferably, the grinding includes at least one sandblasting step. To avoid doubt, in such an embodiment, the roughening process includes at least one sandblasting step.

[0030] Preferably, the first treatment area is sandblasted to a depth of at least 20 μm, and more preferably to a maximum depth of less than 500 μm.

[0031] Preferably, the first treatment area is sandblasted to a depth between A μm and B μm, wherein A is preferably 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65 or 70, and B is preferably 500, 450, 400, 350, 300, 250, 200, 150 or 100.

[0032] In some embodiments, the roughening process includes grinding a first treatment area on the second surface of the second window glass sheet using an acid etching step.

[0033] To avoid any doubt, in these embodiments, the roughening process includes at least one acid etching step.

[0034] Preferably, the first treated area is acid-etched to a depth of at least 20 μm, and more preferably acid-etched to a maximum depth of less than 500 μm.

[0035] Preferably, the first treatment area is acid-etched to a depth between A μm and B μm, wherein A is preferably 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, or 70, and B is preferably 500, 450, 400, 350, 300, 250, 200, 150, or 100.

[0036] In some embodiments, the area of ​​the first processing area is less than 10% of the area of ​​the second main surface of the second window glass sheet. The area of ​​the first processing area is as small as possible so as not to affect the view through the laminated window glass.

[0037] Preferably, the area of ​​the first processing area is less than 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, or 1% of the area of ​​the second main surface of the second window glass sheet.

[0038] In some embodiments, the first processing area is one of a plurality of processing areas, and the total area of ​​the plurality of processing areas is preferably less than 10%, or 9%, or 8%, or 7%, or 6%, or 5%, or 4%, or 3%, or 2%, or 1% of the area of ​​the second main surface of the second window glass sheet.

[0039] In some embodiments, the first processing region is one of a plurality of processing regions, and the area of ​​the first processing region is 0.01 cm². 2 With 200 cm 2 Between, preferably within 0.01 cm 2 With 100 cm 2 More preferably at 0.01 cm 2 With 10 cm 2 Between, or even more preferably within 0.01 cm 2 With 5 cm 2 Between, or even more preferably within 0.01 cm 2 With 0.5 cm 2 between.

[0040] Preferably, the area of ​​one or more of the other processing regions in the plurality of processing regions is less than 0.01 cm². 2 With 200 cm 2 Between, preferably within 0.01 cm 2 With 100 cm 2 Between, more preferably within 0.01 cm 2 With 10 cm 2 Between, or even more preferably within 0.01 cm 2 With 5 cm 2 Between, or even more preferably within 0.01 cm 2 With 0.5 cm2 between.

[0041] In some embodiments, the first processing region is one of a plurality of processing regions, and two or more of the plurality of processing regions have the same area.

[0042] Preferably, all processing regions in the plurality of processing regions have the same area.

[0043] In some embodiments, the first processing area and the second processing area are separated by a first gap, wherein the first gap is between 0.5 cm and 50 cm, more preferably between 0.5 cm and 40 cm, more preferably between 0.5 cm and 30 cm, more preferably between 0.5 cm and 20 cm, and more preferably between 0.5 cm and 10 cm.

[0044] In some embodiments, the first processing area is spaced apart from the peripheral edge of the laminated window glass.

[0045] Preferably, the first processing area is spaced between 1 cm and 20 cm from the peripheral edge of the laminated window glass, more preferably between 1 cm and 15 cm, more preferably between 1 cm and 10 cm, and even more preferably between 1 cm and 9 cm, 8 cm, 7 cm, 6 cm, or 5 cm.

[0046] In some embodiments, the first processing area is spaced apart from a peripheral edge of the laminated window glass, which, when installed in a vehicle, is configured as the lower edge of the laminated window glass.

[0047] Preferably, the first processing area is one of a plurality of processing areas spaced apart from the peripheral edge of the laminated window glass, which is configured as the lower edge of the laminated window glass when installed in a vehicle.

[0048] Preferably, the processing areas of the plurality of processing areas are arranged on a line, and the plurality of processing areas are spaced apart from the peripheral edge of the laminated window glass, wherein the peripheral edge of the laminated window glass is configured as the lower edge of the laminated window glass when installed in a vehicle, and preferably, the line is parallel to the peripheral edge of the laminated window glass, wherein the peripheral edge of the laminated window glass is configured as the lower edge of the laminated window glass when installed in a vehicle.

[0049] When the first processing region is one of a plurality of processing regions, it is preferable that each processing region has the same area within ±20%.

[0050] When the first processing region is one of a plurality of processing regions, it is preferable that each processing region has the same area.

[0051] In some embodiments, the thickness of the first window glass sheet is between 1 mm and 5 mm, preferably between 1.3 mm and 3 mm.

[0052] In some embodiments, the thickness of the second window glass sheet is between 1 mm and 5 mm, preferably between 1.3 mm and 3 mm.

[0053] In some embodiments, the second window glass sheet is thinner than the first window glass sheet.

[0054] In some embodiments, the first main surface of the first window glass sheet is a convex surface, and the second main surface of the second window glass sheet is a convex surface.

[0055] In some embodiments, the second surface roughness Rz > 20 μm, preferably Rz is between 20 μm and 40 μm. As those skilled in the art know, Rz is the maximum height of the profile and is the sum of the maximum profile peak height and the maximum profile valley depth within the sampling length. The sample length can be less than 5 cm, preferably between 0.5 cm and 4 cm, or between 0.5 cm and 3 cm, or between 0.5 cm and 2 cm, or between 0.5 cm and 1 cm. The sample length can be greater than or equal to 1 cm.

[0056] In some embodiments, the second surface roughness Ra is in the range of 3 µm to 6 µm. Ra is the arithmetic mean deviation of the profile within the sampling length. The sample length can be less than 5 cm, preferably between 0.5 cm and 4 cm, or between 0.5 cm and 3 cm, or between 0.5 cm and 2 cm, or between 0.5 cm and 1 cm. The sample length can be greater than or equal to 1 cm.

[0057] In some embodiments, the second surface roughness Rmax is in the range of 20 μm to 50 μm. Rmax is the maximum single roughness depth within the sampling length. The sample length can be less than 5 cm, preferably between 0.5 cm and 4 cm, or between 0.5 cm and 3 cm, or between 0.5 cm and 2 cm, or between 0.5 cm and 1 cm. The sample length can be greater than or equal to 1 cm.

[0058] In some embodiments, the second surface roughness Rv is in the range of 10 μm to 20 μm. Rv is the maximum profile valley depth (Rv) within the sampling length. The sample length can be less than 5 cm, preferably between 0.5 cm and 4 cm, or between 0.5 cm and 3 cm, or between 0.5 cm and 2 cm, or between 0.5 cm and 1 cm. The sample length can be greater than or equal to 1 cm.

[0059] In some embodiments, the second surface roughness Rz is greater than 20 μm in the sample length, preferably between 20 μm and 40 μm; and / or Ra is in the range of 3 μm to 6 μm; and / or Rmax is in the range of 20 μm to 50 μm; and / or Rv is in the range of 10 μm to 20 μm. The sample length can be less than 5 cm, preferably between 0.5 cm and 4 cm, or between 0.5 cm and 3 cm, or between 0.5 cm and 2 cm, or between 0.5 cm and 1 cm. The sample length can be greater than or equal to 1 cm.

[0060] In some embodiments, after being struck at the impact location on the first main surface of the first window glass sheet with a suitable impactor, the laminated window glass develops a crack near the impact location in less than 2 ms.

[0061] In such an embodiment, the laminated window glass completely breaks within 2 ms, preferably with a crack formation time of 1 ms.

[0062] Preferably, the impactor is the impactor as described in United Nations Regulation No. 127 (E / ECE / 324 / Rev.2 / Add.126 / Rev.2).

[0063] Preferably, the mass of the impactor is between 3 kg and 6 kg, more preferably between 4 kg and 5 kg, and even more preferably 4.5 kg.

[0064] Preferably, the impactor is a sphere or ellipsoid, and more preferably, the diameter of the impactor is between 15 cm and 20 cm, more preferably between 16 cm and 17 cm.

[0065] Preferably, when the impactor strikes the impact location, the speed of the impactor is between 20 km / h and 50 km / h, more preferably between 35 km / h and 45 km / h, and even more preferably 40 km / h.

[0066] Preferably, the impactor strikes the impact location solely by falling under the influence of gravity.

[0067] Laminated window glass has other preferred features.

[0068] Preferably, the laminated window glass is a vehicle windshield.

[0069] Preferably, the laminated window glass is curved in at least one direction. Preferably, the radius of curvature in at least one direction is between 500 mm and 20,000 mm, more preferably between 1,000 mm and 8,000 mm.

[0070] Preferably, at least one adhesive interlayer material sheet comprises polyvinyl butyral (PVB), acoustically modified PVB, ethylene copolymers such as ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyurethane (PU), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymer (EMA), or Uvekol (liquid curable resin).

[0071] Preferably, at least one adhesive interlayer material sheet is a sheet of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), EVA, PVC, EMA, polyurethane, acoustically modified PVB, or Uvekol (liquid curable resin).

[0072] Preferably, the thickness of at least one adhesive interlayer material sheet is between 0.3 mm and 2.3 mm, more preferably between 0.3 mm and 1.6 mm, and most preferably between 0.3 mm and 0.8 mm.

[0073] Preferably, the thickness of the first window glass sheet and / or the second window glass sheet is between 1 mm and 3 mm.

[0074] Preferably, the thickness of the first window glass sheet and / or the second window glass sheet is between 1.4 mm and 2.8 mm, more preferably between 1.6 mm and 2.3 mm.

[0075] Preferably, the first window glass sheet and / or the second window glass sheet are soda-lime silicate glass sheets. Soda-lime silicate glass is commonly referred to as soda-lime silicate glass, or simply "soda-lime" glass sheets.

[0076] Preferably, the first window glass sheet and / or the second window glass sheet are sodium-calcium silicate glass sheets, especially float glass sheets.

[0077] Preferably, the first and second window glass sheets are not chemically strengthened. When the glass sheet has not undergone an ion exchange process, or when the layer depth after the ion exchange process is between 0 μm and DOL μm (where DOL is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5), the glass sheet can be classified as a type that has not been chemically strengthened.

[0078] In some embodiments, the second window glass sheet is an alkali metal aluminosilicate glass sheet.

[0079] Preferably, the second window glass sheet comprises at least about 6% by weight of aluminum oxide (Al2O3).

[0080] In some embodiments, the second window glass sheet is chemically strengthened, i.e., chemically strengthened glass. When the second window glass sheet is chemically strengthened, preferably, the thickness of the second window glass sheet is less than 1.2 mm, more preferably between 0.3 mm and 1 mm, and even more preferably between 0.4 mm and 0.9 mm.

[0081] The present invention also provides the use of one or more roughened areas on the first exposed surface of the laminated window glass to reduce the time required for the laminated window glass to break when the impact area on the second exposed surface of the laminated window glass is struck by a suitable impactor.

[0082] Preferably, the roughened area includes a sandblasted area and / or a laser-etched area.

[0083] Preferably, the first exposed surface of the laminated window glass is surface four of the laminated window glass, and the second exposed surface is surface one of the laminated window glass.

[0084] As is conventional in the art, one surface of a laminated window is the outermost surface of the laminated window, and the other surface is an inward-facing surface defined relative to the interior of the vehicle on which the laminated window is installed. The inward-facing surface of the laminated window faces the interior of the vehicle on which the laminated window is installed. The outermost surface (often referred to as the outer surface) faces the exterior of the vehicle on which the laminated window is installed.

[0085] Preferably, the impactor is the impactor as described in United Nations Regulation No. 127 (E / ECE / 324 / Rev.2 / Add.126 / Rev.2).

[0086] Preferably, the mass of the impactor is between 3 kg and 6 kg, more preferably between 4 kg and 5 kg, and even more preferably 4.5 kg.

[0087] Preferably, the impactor is a sphere or ellipsoid, and more preferably, the diameter of the impactor is between 15 cm and 20 cm, more preferably between 16 cm and 17 cm.

[0088] Preferably, when the impactor strikes the impact location, the speed of the impactor is between 20 km / h and 50 km / h, more preferably between 35 km / h and 45 km / h, and even more preferably 40 km / h.

[0089] Preferably, the impactor strikes the impact location solely by falling under the influence of gravity.

[0090] Preferably, the time required for the laminated window glass to break upon impact is at least 50%, 60%, 70%, or 80% shorter than the time required for the laminated window glass to break when there are no one or more sandblasted areas on the first exposed surface. Attached Figure Description

[0091] The invention will now be described with reference to the following figures, in which:

[0092] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the laminated window glass according to the present invention;

[0093] Figure 2 This is a plan view of the laminated window glass according to the present invention;

[0094] Figure 3 This is a view taken from inside a vehicle having a windshield according to the invention;

[0095] Figure 4 Similar to Figure 2 And it is a plan view of another laminated window glass according to the present invention;

[0096] Figure 5 Similar to Figure 2 And it is a plan view of another laminated window glass according to the present invention;

[0097] Figure 6 It is for reference. Figure 1 A schematic isometric representation of the type of windshield described;

[0098] Figure 7 It is a test Figure 6 A schematic cross-sectional representation of a method for determining the nature of windshield breakage in vehicles of the type shown. Detailed Implementation

[0099] Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the curved laminated window glass according to the present invention is shown.

[0100] The laminated window glass 1 has a first sodium-calcium silicate glass sheet 3, which has a composition such as clear float glass, typically with iron oxide added as a coloring agent to provide some form of sunlight control to the laminated window glass. The thickness of the first sheet 3 is 2.3 mm, although this thickness can be in the range of 1.4 mm to 2.5 mm or in the range of 1.6 mm to 2.3 mm.

[0101] A typical soda-lime silicate glass composition is (by weight) SiO2 69-74%; Al2O3 0-3%; Na2O 10-16%; K2O 0-5%; MgO 0-6%; CaO 5-14%; SO3 0-2%; Fe2O3 0.005-2%. The glass composition may also contain other additives, such as clarifying agents, which are typically present in amounts of up to 2%. Soda-lime silicate glass compositions may contain other colorants, such as Co3O4, NiO, and Se, which impart the desired color when viewed under transmitted light. The transmitted glass color can be measured according to recognized standards such as BS EN410.

[0102] The laminated window glass 1 also has a second sodium calcium silicate glass sheet 7, which has a thickness of 1.6 mm, but the thickness of the second sheet can be in the range of 1.4 mm to 2.5 mm, and is preferably less thick than the first sheet 3.

[0103] The first sheet 3 is connected to the second sheet 7 via an adhesive interlayer 5. The adhesive interlayer 5 is a 0.76 mm thick PVB sheet. The adhesive interlayer 5 may have a thickness between 0.3 mm and 1.8 mm.

[0104] Other suitable adhesive interlayers include PVC, EVA, EMA, and polyurethane.

[0105] The laminated window glass 1 is curved in one or more directions. The radius of curvature in one of the directions is between 1000 mm and 8000 mm.

[0106] When laminated window glass is bent in two directions, each direction of curvature is appropriately orthogonal to the other. Appropriately, the radius of curvature in one or both directions is between 1000 mm and 8000 mm.

[0107] The first sheet 3 has a convex first surface 9 and an opposing concave second surface 11. The second sheet 7 has a convex first surface 13 and an opposing concave second surface 15. The concave surface 11 of the first sheet 3 is in contact with the adhesive interlayer 5, and the convex surface 13 of the second sheet 7 is in contact with the adhesive interlayer 5. Using conventional nomenclature, the convex surface 9 of the first sheet 3 is "surface one" (or S1) of the laminated window glass 1, the concave surface 11 of the first sheet 3 is "surface two" (or S2) of the laminated window glass 1, the convex surface 13 of the second sheet 7 is "surface three" (or S3) of the laminated window glass 1, and the concave surface 15 of the second sheet 7 is "surface four" (or S4) of the laminated window glass 1.

[0108] There is an array of processing areas 17 on surface four (the concave surface 15 of the second piece 7).

[0109] Figure 2 It is laminated window glass 1 edge Figure 1 Plan view in the direction of arrow 10.

[0110] exist Figure 2 In this case, the perimeter of the laminated window glass is typical of a vehicle windshield. The laminated window glass has a lower peripheral edge 19, and inside the lower peripheral edge 19 are six sandblasted areas 17a, 17b, 17c, 17e, and 17f, which form an array of treated areas 17. The sandblasted areas 17a, 17b, 17c, 17e, and 17f have a different roughness compared to the roughness of the untreated surface 15 surrounding them.

[0111] Each sandblasting zone 17a, 17b, 17c, 17e, and 17f is a square with a side length of 2 cm, such that the area of ​​each sandblasting zone 17a, 17b, 17c, 17e, and 17f is 4 cm². 2 .

[0112] The sandblasting zones 17a, 17b, 17c, 17e, and 17f are equidistant, such that the space between sandblasting zones 17a and 17b is the same as the space between sandblasting zones 17b and 17c, and so on.

[0113] The sandblasting areas 17a, 17b, 17c, 17e, and 17f are located on a line parallel to the lower peripheral edge 19.

[0114] The sandblasting area can be in one area of ​​the laminated window glass, in which a shielding strip exists on the concave surface 15 of the second piece 7.

[0115] By providing sandblasting zones 17a, 17b, 17c, 17e, and 17f, the second pane 7 can more easily break upon impact with the convex first surface 9 of the first pane 3, thereby reducing the stiffness of the laminated window glass 1. When the laminated window glass 1 is installed in a vehicle as a windshield, in the event of a vehicle collision involving a pedestrian, the reduced stiffness of the windshield upon impact with the convex first surface 9 mitigates the severity of pedestrian injury.

[0116] Although Figure 1 and Figure 2There may be only six sandblasting zones, but there can be more than six or fewer sandblasting zones. In some embodiments, there are seven, eight, nine, ten, or more sandblasting zones. In some embodiments, there are one, two, three, four, or five sandblasting zones. Preferably, the sandblasting zones are spaced equidistant from each other. It is also preferred that each sandblasting zone is sandblasted to the same depth and / or has the same size and geometry; however, in some embodiments, one or more sandblasting zones are sandblasted to a different depth compared to one or more other sandblasting zones.

[0117] exist Figure 3 Another embodiment of the invention is shown in the figure.

[0118] Figure 3 The image shows a view taken from inside a vehicle having a windshield 100 according to the invention.

[0119] The windshield 100 is substantially the same as the laminated window glass 1 previously described. The vehicle windshield has a lower peripheral edge extending between points E and F. The vehicle windshield has an upper peripheral edge extending between points D and G.

[0120] There are multiple sandblasted areas on the four inward-facing surfaces of the windshield 100. A first array of sandblasted areas 174 has twenty square areas (only one of which is designated 175). Each square area 175 has dimensions between 1×1 cm and 3×3 cm. Preferably, all squares 175 have the same size and / or area. The squares 175 are arranged along a line parallel to the lower peripheral edge EF, i.e., the lower side of the squares 175 is parallel to the lower peripheral edge EF. The individual squares 175 may be oriented differently.

[0121] In this embodiment, also on the surface of the windshield 100 are a second array of sandblasted areas 172 and a third array of sandblasted areas 176. The second array of sandblasted areas 172 extends along the left peripheral edge DE of the windshield 100, and the third array of sandblasted areas 176 extends along the right peripheral edge. The second array of sandblasted areas 172 has seven square areas (only one of which is marked 173), with its lower side parallel to the left peripheral edge DE. The third array of sandblasted areas 176 also has seven square areas (only one of which is marked 177), with its lower side parallel to the right peripheral edge FG.

[0122] Each of the sandblasting zones in the second and third arrays has the same size and / or the same area.

[0123] refer to Figure 2The sandblasting zones are made using conventional sandblasting equipment of the type used for sandblasting glass slide surfaces. The sandblasting depth of each zone 17a, 17b, 17c, 17e, and 17f is between 50 μm and 150 μm, but can be deeper, for example, between 250 μm and 400 μm.

[0124] Before sandblasting, the areas to be treated, 17a, 17b, 17c, 17e, and 17f, have the same roughness as the glass sheet and are smooth. After sandblasting, the treated areas 17a, 17b, 17c, 17e, and 17f become rougher. According to "Glass Processing Days," September 13-15, 1997, pp. 40-44, the surface roughness Rz of float glass is <0.1 μm. Preferably, the treated areas are translucent during the processing, i.e., after sandblasting, scratching, and acid etching.

[0125] Using appropriate profile sensors, such as styluses or confocal displacement sensors, the roughness parameters of sandblasted float glass sheets can be determined. The use of confocal displacement sensors to evaluate surface profile parameters is described in "Procedia Materials Science, 5 (2014) pp. 1385-1391".

[0126] Using a Hommel Tester T500 profilometer (Hommelwerke GmbH, AlteTuttlinger Straße 20, D-78056 VS, Schwenningen, Germany), it was found that sandblasting can be used to adjust the surface roughness of a 20 mm × 20 mm square area on a float glass slide, making its Rz > 20 μm, typically between 20 μm and 40 μm. As those skilled in the art know, Rz is the maximum height of the profile and is the sum of the maximum profile peak height and the maximum profile valley depth within the sampling length.

[0127] Another parameter commonly used to define surface roughness is the arithmetic mean deviation of the profile within the sampling length (often abbreviated as Ra in the prior art). It has been found that sandblasting a 20 mm × 20 mm area on a float glass surface can potentially produce an Ra in the range of 3 μm to 6 μm.

[0128] Surface roughness can be defined using other parameters, such as the maximum single roughness depth (Rmax) or the maximum profile valley depth (Rv) within the sampling length. By sandblasting a 20 mm × 20 mm area on the float glass surface, it is possible to produce an Rmax in the range of 20 μm to 50 μm and an Rv in the range of 10 μm to 20 μm.

[0129] The following are specific examples of four different 20 mm × 20 mm sandblasted areas on a float glass slide measured using a Hommel Tester T500 profilometer:

[0130] (i) Ra=3.768 μm, Rz=22.159 μm, Rmax=26.173 μm, and Rv=11.811 μm;

[0131] (ii) Ra=3.775 μm, Rz=20.441 μm, Rmax=23.417 μm, and Rv=10.405 μm;

[0132] (iii) Ra=5.017 μm, Rz=35.720 μm, Rmax=47.800 μm, and Rv=18.100 μm;

[0133] (iv)Ra=5.093 μm, Rz=33.666 μm, Rmax=37.109 μm, and Rv=19.213 μm.

[0134] Figure 4 It is a plan view of surface four (S4) of another laminated window 30, which has a similar construction to the laminated window 1. Figure 4 Similar to Figure 2 The view in the middle, therefore the view is along Figure 1 The view viewed in the direction of the middle arrow 10.

[0135] The laminated window glass 30 has a first glass sheet with a thickness of 2.1 mm connected to a second glass sheet 32 ​​with a thickness of 1.6 mm via a PVB sheet with a thickness of 0.76 mm.

[0136] exist Figure 4 In this case, the perimeter of the laminated window glass 30 is typical of a vehicle windshield. The laminated window glass 30 has a lower peripheral edge 34, and the inner side of the lower peripheral edge 34 portion of the surface four has been sandblasted to provide a rectangular sandblasted area 36. The width of the rectangular sandblasted area 36 is approximately 5 mm, although the width of the rectangular sandblasted area 36 can be between 2 mm and 50 mm. The rectangular sandblasted area 36 has a lower edge 38, which is parallel to the lower peripheral edge 34 of the laminated window glass.

[0137] The sandblasting area 36 can be a region of the laminated window glass, in which a shielding strip is provided and a window is provided in the shielding strip, and the sandblasting area is located in the window.

[0138] exist Figure 4In an alternative embodiment of the example shown, at least a first rectangular sandblasting region and a second rectangular sandblasting region may exist, spaced apart from each other. Each of the first and second rectangular sandblasting regions has a corresponding lower edge, and preferably, the lower edge of the first rectangular sandblasting region is parallel to the lower edge of the second rectangular sandblasting region. It is also preferred that the lower edges of the first and second sandblasting regions are parallel to the lower peripheral edge 34. Multiple such spaced-apart rectangular sandblasting regions may exist, each region having the same or different widths and being spaced apart from each other by the same or different intervals.

[0139] Figure 5 This is a plan view of the surface of another laminated window 40, which has a similar construction to the laminated window 1 (and is therefore in...). Figure 1 (The view viewed in the direction of arrow 10).

[0140] The laminated window glass 40 includes a first sodium calcium silicate glass sheet with a thickness of 1.8 mm, which is connected to a second sodium calcium silicate glass sheet 42 with a thickness of 1.8 mm via a PVB sheet with a thickness of 0.76 mm.

[0141] The laminated window glass 40 has a curved lower peripheral edge 44, and the inner side of the lower peripheral edge 44 portion of the surface 4 has been sandblasted to provide a sandblasted area 46. The sandblasted area 46 has three portions 46a, 46b and 46c forming a continuous sandblasted area 46.

[0142] Each part 46a, 46b, 46c is a rectangle, and these parts are arranged to substantially conform to the outline of the lower edge 44.

[0143] A second sandblasted area 48 is also provided on the surface 4 of the laminated window glass 40.

[0144] The second sandblasted area 48 is curved and has a lower edge 49 that is substantially parallel to the lower peripheral edge 44 of the laminated window glass 40. The second sandblasted area 48 also has an upper edge 49' that is preferably parallel to the lower edge 49. The distance between the upper edge 49' and the lower edge 49 is between 2 mm and 50 mm, that is, between 2 mm and 10 mm, and can be approximately 5 mm.

[0145] The laminated window glass 40 can be provided with any one sandblasting area 46, 48 or both sandblasting areas 46 and 48. If there are two sandblasting areas 46, 48 (e.g., ...), Figure 5 As shown), their relative positions can be switched so that the second sandblasting area 48 is located between the lower edge 44 and the sandblasting area 46.

[0146] The sandblasted areas 46 and 48 are symmetrical about the axis m-m', which is the center line of the laminated window glass 40.

[0147] Although the sandblasting regions 46 and 48 are each shown as continuous sandblasting regions, in other examples of the invention, one or both of the sandblasting regions 46 and 48 may be formed by a plurality of discontinuous sandblasting regions having a generally similar shape to the sandblasting regions 46 and 48.

[0148] To test the effect of roughening the surface of laminated window glass, for example by sandblasting, the ease with which the laminated window glass breaks was determined.

[0149] refer to Figure 6 and 7 The laminated window glass to be tested is constructed using conventional lamination conditions and includes a first sodium calcium silicate glass sheet 53 connected to a second sodium calcium silicate glass sheet 57 via a PVB sheet 55. As is common in the art, laminated window glass is in the form of a vehicle windshield and may have a shading strip. Neither the first sheet 53 nor the second sheet 55 is chemically strengthened.

[0150] The first pane 53 has an exposed main surface 59, and this main surface 59 is "surface one" (or S1) of the laminated window glass 51. The main surface 59 is convex.

[0151] The second pane 57 has an exposed main surface 61, which is the "surface four" (or S4) of the laminated window glass 51. The main surface 61 is concave.

[0152] Several portions of the main surface 61 were sandblasted. Figure 6 In the middle, there are nine sandblasted square areas 77 (only one of which is marked), so the plan view of the laminated window glass 51 viewed in the direction of arrow 60 is similar to Figure 2 The floor plan shown (except that there are nine squares instead of six).

[0153] exist Figure 6 In the laminated window glass 51, each square measures 2 cm × 2 cm and is spaced approximately 10 cm–15 cm apart from adjacent squares; the spacing can be uniform. The center of each square is between 60 mm and 100 mm from the lower edge 54 of the laminated window glass 51. The lower edge of each square is arranged to conform to the contour of the lower edge 54, such that the nine squares are not arranged in a straight line, but rather as a curve with a curvature similar to (or the same as) that of the lower edge 54. However, the squares can also be arranged in a straight line.

[0154] Regardless of the layout of the sandblasting area, the laminated window glass was tested as described below, with reference to... Figure 6 and Figure 7 .

[0155] The laminated window glass 51 is first positioned in a horizontally arranged frame (not shown) and held in the frame around its perimeter. The main surface 59 (“Surface One”) faces upward and can be freely accessed, i.e., the frame does not obstruct access to the main surface 59.

[0156] Then, the impactor 67 is dropped onto one of two locations on surface 59. Due to the destructive nature of the test, only one impact location can be tested on a laminated window.

[0157] The first impact position 63 is located in the center and is substantially on the centerline n-n' of the laminated window glass, about 15 cm-30 cm away from the lower edge 54' of the laminated window glass. The actual distance from the lower edge 54' of the laminated window glass remains constant in each test.

[0158] The second impact position 65 is located on the side of the laminated window glass facing the driver and represents the portion of the laminated window glass directly in front of the driver of the vehicle in which the laminated window glass 51 is installed. Since the laminated window glass is symmetrical about the centerline n-n', the second impact position is essentially the same as the portion of the laminated window glass directly in front of the front passenger of the vehicle in which the laminated window glass 51 is installed.

[0159] The second impact point was approximately 15-30 cm from the side 54′′ of the laminated window glass and approximately 15-30 cm from the bottom edge 54′. In all tests, the actual distances from the side 54′′ and the bottom edge 54′ of the laminated window glass remained the same.

[0160] The impactor 67 used in the test was a hollow plastic ellipsoid filled with steel shot and covered with felt. The total weight of impactor 67 was 4.5 kg, and the total diameter was 165 mm.

[0161] The impactor used in the test was similar to the impactor specified in UN Regulation 127 (E / ECE / 324 / Rev.2 / Add.126 / Rev.2).

[0162] The impactor 67 is positioned directly above either the first or second impact location, at a height sufficient to allow it to reach a speed of 40 km / h at the selected impact location (by converting potential energy into acquired kinetic energy). Reference Figure 7 The impactor 67 is located directly above the first impact position 63 and will be released, falling in the direction of arrow 68 under the action of gravity to impact the first impact position 63 of the main surface 59.

[0163] To ensure that the impact point is the same on each sample, a plumb line can be used to position the impactor 67 in the desired location so that it contacts the glass surface upon impact.

[0164] To evaluate how the laminated window glass breaks when the impactor 67 falls onto the laminated window glass 51 as described above, a camera 70 positioned above the laminated window glass 51 records the test. The camera 70 operates at a high frame rate (e.g., 1000 frames per second).

[0165] To classify the ease with which laminated window glass 51 breaks, two breakage criteria were identified by examining video recordings made during the testing period.

[0166] The first breakage criterion is called the "initial breakage time," and it is the time taken for the initial crack to be observed in the laminated window glass after the impactor 67 contacts the main surface 59 at the selected impact location.

[0167] The second breakage criterion is called the "complete breakage time," which is the time it takes for the laminated window glass 51 to undergo devastating breakage after the impactor 67 contacts the main surface 59 at the selected impact location.

[0168] To aid in identifying the initial fracture time and / or complete fracture time, one or more reference markers may be provided on the main surface 59, particularly in the area of ​​the selected impact location. The reference markers may be in the form of a grid and may be applied to the main surface 59 using a suitable pen or similar tool.

[0169] The evaluations described above were performed on numerous laminated window glass samples. Each laminated window glass had essentially the same curvature. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0170] The samples in Table 1 are defined by the outer and inner windows. (Reference) Figure 6 and Figure 7 The first pane 53 is referred to as the "outer window" because it faces outwards when the laminated window glass 51 is installed in the vehicle. Therefore, the second pane 57 is referred to as the "inner window" because it faces inwards when the laminated window glass 51 is installed in the vehicle. Thus, the impactor 67 strikes the outer window to simulate an impact with a pedestrian, who may be involved in a frontal collision with the vehicle equipped with the laminated window glass 51.

[0171] Sample details and results are provided in Table 1. Each of the inner and outer windows is a soda-lime silicate glass sheet of the cited thickness. The inner and outer windows are connected by a 0.76 mm thick PVB sheet. In these samples, neither the inner nor outer windows were chemically strengthened.

[0172] Two different types of sandblasted areas on the surface of the sample were evaluated. The first type of sandblasted area consisted of nine 2cm × 2cm squares, as shown in the reference. Figure 6 and Figure 7 As described. The second type of sandblasting area being evaluated is as follows: Figure 5 Region 46 is described in the image, with a total length of approximately 1.4 m and a width of approximately 5 mm. (See reference) Figure 5 In the tests conducted, when the laminated window glass was installed in a vehicle, both lateral portions 46a and 46c were rectangular in shape and approximately 40 cm long, and the central portion 46b was also rectangular in shape and approximately 60 cm long, with the central portion 46b being essentially horizontal relative to the horizon. The lateral portions 46a and 46c were tilted at an angle of approximately 20° to 30° relative to the central portion 46b, which was essentially determined by the curvature of the lower perimeter edge of the sample.

[0173] In Table 1 below, the first type of sandblasting area is labeled "square" and the second type of sandblasting area is labeled "strip". The first impact position is called "center" and the second impact position is called "driver".

[0174] The table also provides the average depth of the (multiple) blasted areas for each sample, measured using a Hommel Tester T500 profilometer.

[0175] Initial fracture time and complete fracture time are each provided in milliseconds (ms).

[0176] In Table 1 below, Comparative Examples 1-4 have inner and outer windows made of 1.8 mm thick soda-lime silicate glass connected by 0.76 mm PVB sheets. Comparative Examples 5-8 have inner and outer windows made of 1.4 mm and 1.8 mm thick soda-lime silicate glass connected by 0.76 mm PVB sheets, respectively. Comparative Examples 1-8 do not have sandblasted areas.

[0177] The results in Table 1 show that, without any sandblasted areas (Comparative Examples 1-8), the initial breakage time of the laminated window glass was between 4 and 6 ms after surface 59 was impacted by impactor 67 in the selected impact area. Most comparative samples had an initial breakage time of 5 ms.

[0178] As can be seen from Table 1, the final rupture time occurs shortly after the initial rupture time, typically within one millisecond of the initial rupture time.

[0179] The results in Table 1 show that providing sandblasted areas (of the type described above) on the surface four of the laminated window glass reduced the initial breakage time from 4 ms to approximately 1 ms or less. The final breakage time was also reduced.

[0180] This indicates that windshields with sandblasted areas are more likely to break when impacted, for example, by a pedestrian colliding with the windshield surface. The reduced stiffness of the windshield when it breaks results in less serious injury to the pedestrian.

[0181] It can be expected, instead of a reference Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 6 The array of sandblasted square areas described herein will be represented in a similar manner by other shaped areas, such as rhombuses, circles, trapezoids, or other irregular shapes. Symmetrical areas and / or areas of the same shape may provide the benefits detailed in Table 1 to laminated window glass at more than one impact point on the windshield surface.

[0182] It can also be expected that similar benefits will be observed when using other similar tests to determine the breakage properties of laminated window glass, for example, as described in UN Regulation 127 (E / ECE / 324 / Rev.2 / Add.126 / Rev.2).

[0183] Table 1

[0184]

[0185] It has been found that, by using a treated area on the inward-facing surface of the laminated windshield, the inward-facing glass is more prone to breakage in the event of a pedestrian collision with the outward-facing surface. The treated area is positioned so as not to visually distract the driver or impair the windshield's performance in stone impact tests.

Claims

1. A laminated window glass for a vehicle windshield, the laminated window glass comprising a first window glass sheet bonded to a second window glass sheet by at least one adhesive interlayer material sheet, each of the first and second window glass sheets having a respective first main surface and a second main surface, wherein the second main surface of the first window glass sheet faces the first main surface of the second window glass sheet, and further wherein the second main surface of the second window glass sheet includes at least a first treated area, the first treated area having undergone a roughening process such that, prior to the roughening process, the first treated area has a first surface roughness, and after the roughening process, the first treated area has a second surface roughness, wherein... The first processing area is positioned so as not to distract the visual attention of the driver of the vehicle in which the laminated window glass is installed, wherein the first processing area is spaced 1 cm to 10 cm away from the peripheral edge of the laminated window glass, and when installed in a vehicle, the peripheral edge of the laminated window glass is configured as the lower edge of the laminated window glass. The first processing region is one of multiple processing regions, and the area of ​​the first processing region is less than 0.01 cm². 2 With 200 cm 2 Between; and wherein the first processed area is translucent to visible light compared to the unprocessed area of ​​the second main surface of the second window glass sheet, the unprocessed area having not undergone a roughening process; and The first and second window glass sheets are not chemically reinforced.

2. The laminated window glass according to claim 1, wherein the first processing area has an outer perimeter, the outer perimeter having one edge, or two edges, or three edges, or four edges, or five edges, or six edges, or seven edges, or eight edges, or nine edges, or ten edges.

3. The laminated window glass according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the roughening process includes providing one or more scratches in the first treated area of ​​the second surface of the second window glass sheet.

4. The laminated window glass of claim 3, wherein the scratch is produced mechanically.

5. The laminated window glass according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the roughening process includes grinding the first treated area of ​​the second surface of the second window glass material sheet.

6. The laminated window glass according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the first processing area includes a sandblasting area or an acid etching area.

7. The laminated window glass according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the first treated area after the roughening process is a sandblasting area with a sandblasting depth of at least 20 μm.

8. The laminated window glass according to claim 7, wherein the sandblasting depth is less than 500 μm.

9. The laminated window glass according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of processed areas have a total area, and the total area of ​​the plurality of processed areas is less than 10%, or 9%, or 8%, or 7%, or 6%, or 5%, or 4%, or 3%, or 2%, or 1% of the area of ​​the second main surface of the second window glass sheet.

10. The laminated window glass according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the area of ​​the first processed region is 0.01 cm². 2 With 100 cm 2 between.

11. The laminated window glass according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the area of ​​the first processed region is 0.01 cm². 2 With 10 cm 2 between.

12. The laminated window glass according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the area of ​​the first processed region is 0.01 cm². 2 and 5 cm 2 between.

13. The laminated window glass according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the area of ​​the first processed region is 0.01 cm². 2 With 0.5 cm 2 between.

14. The laminated window glass according to claim 1, wherein the area of ​​one or more of the other processed areas in the plurality of processed areas is 0.01 cm². 2 With 200 cm 2 between.

15. The laminated window glass according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the area of ​​one or more of the other processed areas in the plurality of processed areas is 0.01 cm². 2 With 100 cm 2 between.

16. The laminated window glass according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the area of ​​one or more of the other processed areas in the plurality of processed areas is 0.01 cm². 2 With 10 cm 2 between.

17. The laminated window glass according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the area of ​​one or more of the other processed areas in the plurality of processed areas is 0.01 cm². 2 With 5 cm 2 between.

18. The laminated window glass according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the area of ​​one or more of the other processed areas in the plurality of processed areas is 0.01 cm². 2 With 0.5 cm 2 between.

19. The laminated window glass according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein two or more of the processed areas have the same area.

20. The laminated window glass according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein all the processing areas in the plurality of processing areas have the same area.

21. The laminated window glass according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the first processing area and the second processing area are spaced apart by a first distance, and wherein the first distance is between 0.5 cm and 50 cm.

22. The laminated window glass of claim 21, wherein the first spacing is between 0.5 cm and 40 cm.

23. The laminated window glass according to claim 21, wherein the first spacing is between 0.5 cm and 30 cm.

24. The laminated window glass of claim 21, wherein the first spacing is between 0.5 cm and 20 cm.

25. The laminated window glass of claim 21, wherein the first spacing is between 0.5 cm and 10 cm.

26. The laminated window glass according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the first processing area is spaced 1 cm to 9 cm from the peripheral edge of the laminated window glass.

27. The laminated window glass according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the thickness of the first window glass sheet is between 1 mm and 5 mm.

28. The laminated window glass according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the thickness of the first window glass sheet is between 1.3 mm and 3 mm.

29. The laminated window glass according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the thickness of the second window glass sheet is between 1 mm and 5 mm.

30. The laminated window glass according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the thickness of the second window glass sheet is between 1.3 mm and 3 mm.

31. The laminated window glass according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the second window glass sheet is thinner than the first window glass sheet.

32. The laminated window glass according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the laminated window glass has a thickness between 3 mm and 10 mm.

33. The laminated window glass according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the first processing area is in the area of ​​the laminated window glass having a shielding strip.

34. The laminated window glass according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the roughening process includes irradiating at least a portion of the first area to be treated with a laser to laser etch the first treated area on the second main surface of the second window glass material sheet.

35. The laminated window glass according to claim 34, wherein a defect is formed in the volume of the second window glass sheet defined by the first processing area after being irradiated with the laser.

36. The laminated window glass according to claim 34, wherein the laser is a carbon dioxide laser.

37. The laminated window glass according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the second surface roughness Rz > 20 μm.

38. The laminated window glass according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the second surface roughness Ra is in the range of 3 µm to 6 µm.

39. The laminated window glass according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the second surface roughness Rmax is in the range of 20 μm to 50 μm.

40. The laminated window glass according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the second surface roughness Rv is in the range of 10 μm to 20 μm.

41. The laminated window glass according to claim 1, wherein, After being struck at the impact location on the first main surface of the first window glass sheet with a suitable impactor, the laminated window glass develops a crack near the impact location in less than 2 ms.

42. The laminated window glass according to claim 41, wherein the impactor is (i) as described in United Nations Regulation No. 127 (E / ECE / 324 / Rev.2 / Add.126 / Rev.2); or (ii) wherein the mass of the impactor is between 3 kg and 6 kg, or wherein the impactor is a sphere or ellipsoid.

43. The laminated window glass according to claim 41, wherein when the impactor impacts the impact location, the velocity of the impactor is between 20 km / h and 50 km / h.

44. A vehicle windshield, the vehicle windshield comprising laminated window glass according to any one of claims 1 to 43.

45. The use of one or more roughened areas on a first exposed surface of a laminated window glaze for a vehicle windshield to reduce the time required for the laminated window glaze to break when an impact area on a second exposed surface of the laminated window glaze is impacted by a suitable impactor, wherein, The first roughening area is positioned to not distract the visual attention of the driver of a vehicle equipped with the laminated window glass, wherein the first roughening area is spaced 1 cm to 10 cm from the peripheral edge of the laminated window glass, and when installed in a vehicle, the peripheral edge of the laminated window glass is configured as the lower edge of the laminated window glass. The first roughened region is one of a plurality of roughened regions, and the area of ​​the first roughened region is less than 0.01 cm². 2 With 200 cm 2 Between; and wherein the first processed area is translucent to visible light compared to the unprocessed area of ​​the second main surface of the second window glass sheet, the unprocessed area having not undergone a roughening process; and The first and second window glass sheets are not chemically reinforced.

46. ​​The use according to claim 45, wherein the roughened region includes a sandblasted region and / or a laser-etched region.

47. The use according to claim 45, wherein the first exposed surface is surface four of the laminated window glass, and the second exposed surface is surface one of the laminated window glass.

48. The use according to claim 45, wherein the mass of the impactor is between 3 kg and 6 kg.

49. The use according to claim 45, wherein the mass of the impactor is between 4 kg and 5 kg.

50. The use according to claim 45, wherein the mass of the impactor is 4.5 kg.

51. The use according to claim 45, wherein the impactor is a sphere or an ellipsoid.

52. The use according to claim 51, wherein the diameter of the impactor is between 15 cm and 20 cm.

53. The use according to claim 51, wherein the diameter of the impactor is between 16 cm and 17 cm.

54. The use according to claim 45, wherein when the impactor impacts the impact location, the speed of the impactor is between 20 km / h and 50 km / h.

55. The use according to claim 45, wherein when the impactor impacts the impact location, the velocity of the impactor is between 35 km / h and 45 km / h.

56. The use according to claim 45, wherein the velocity of the impactor is 40 km / h when the impactor impacts the impact location.

57. The use according to claim 45, wherein the laminated window glass comprises a first window glass sheet connected to a second window glass sheet by at least one adhesive interlayer material sheet.

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