Vehicle-mounted air conditioner failure prevention adaptive control method and system, vehicle-mounted air conditioner cooling liquid bypass emergency pipeline, electronic device and storage medium

Abstract

The application discloses a vehicle-mounted air conditioner failure prevention self-adaptive control method and system, a vehicle-mounted air conditioner cooling liquid bypass emergency pipeline, an electronic device and a storage medium, and relates to the field of vehicle cabin temperature control. The method comprises the following steps: collecting vehicle multi-source sensor data; constructing a heating system start-stop coupling control logic based on the multi-source sensor data, and prestoring multi-working-condition environment temperature benchmark thresholds; the heating system start-stop coupling control logic is used for planning the joint start-stop sequence and interlocking relationship of a compressor, a PTC heating component, a water circulating pump and an air conditioner air duct actuator, and providing timing control and interlocking constraints for subsequent heating regulation; acquiring vehicle real-time environment data, dynamically weakening the constraint of the environment temperature on the start-stop of the heating system according to the real-time environment data and the environment temperature benchmark threshold corresponding to the current working condition environment, and generating a dynamic low-temperature protection threshold. The traditional fixed temperature threshold limit is abandoned; it is ensured that the failure of an individual sensor does not affect the overall situation; the cooling liquid is preheated, and multiple heat sources work cooperatively, so that the heating efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of vehicle compartment temperature control, and more particularly to an adaptive control method for preventing vehicle air conditioning failure, an adaptive control system for preventing vehicle air conditioning failure, an emergency bypass pipeline for vehicle air conditioning coolant, electronic equipment, and storage media. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, there are two main types of in-vehicle air conditioners on the market: one is the water-cooled air conditioner commonly found in traditional gasoline vehicles, and the other is the heat pump air conditioner used in new energy vehicles. The control methods for these two types of air conditioners are basically fixed. That is, if the ambient temperature is detected to be below a certain preset value (e.g., 0℃ or -10℃), the air conditioner's controller (ECU) will directly stop the compressor from working or limit the fan power, entering a so-called low-temperature protection mode. However, through extensive user feedback and technical analysis, it has been found that this fixed-program, one-size-fits-all approach can cause a series of problems in winter, especially in extremely cold environments.

[0003] 1. Low-temperature protection error in winter, causing air conditioning to malfunction: Sometimes, although the outside temperature is very low, possibly below -10°C, the vehicle's own conditions (such as water temperature and battery temperature) allow the air conditioning to heat normally. Traditional control logic ignores these factors and forcibly shuts off the air conditioning as soon as the outside temperature reaches the set value, resulting in the air conditioning malfunctioning even when it can blow hot air, and the owner's buttons becoming unresponsive.

[0004] 2. Sensor malfunctions can easily cause system misjudgments: Temperature and pressure sensors in cars can sometimes become inaccurate (i.e., "drift") or even fail completely at low temperatures. When the system receives these erroneous signals, it misjudges the vehicle's operating environment, resulting in the air conditioning repeatedly turning on and off, intermittent heating, or even shutting down completely. In such cases, the owner cannot manually adjust the settings, leading to a very poor user experience.

[0005] 3. No emergency operation plan for minor hardware failures: Minor problems with the air conditioning system, such as a slight blockage in the heater core, slightly lower than standard coolant levels, minor refrigerant leaks, or a blower motor malfunctioning due to low temperatures, will be automatically flagged as faults and shut down by the existing system. The car owner will have no choice but to immediately repair the system to continue using the air conditioning.

[0006] 4. Inability to keep up with complex driving scenarios: When the vehicle is first started, the water temperature has not yet risen, or the battery discharge power is limited at low temperatures. In these situations, traditional air conditioners lack flexible preheating strategies and often directly cut off the heating output, resulting in the car interior remaining cold for a long time. Similarly, the heating efficiency of heat pump air conditioners in new energy vehicles drops sharply at extremely low temperatures (such as below -10°C), but current technology lacks effective auxiliary heating solutions to compensate for this problem.

[0007] 5. Difficulty in self-diagnosing faults and high vehicle maintenance costs: When the air conditioner malfunctions in winter, the existing system cannot automatically classify the fault type and has no self-diagnosis prompt function. Car owners cannot troubleshoot the problem themselves and can only go to a professional store for inspection and repair, which wastes time and increases the cost of car use. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide an adaptive control method for preventing vehicle air conditioning failure, an adaptive control system for preventing vehicle air conditioning failure, an emergency bypass pipeline for vehicle air conditioning coolant, electronic equipment and storage medium, thereby solving at least one of a number of technical problems.

[0009] Core technical challenges: 1. Enabling air conditioners to intelligently determine whether to operate in cold winters, rather than simply shutting down due to low temperatures. 2. Ensuring stable operation of the air conditioner using other information even if a sensor fails. 3. Preventing complete shutdown of the air conditioning system due to hardware malfunctions that limit its functionality, instead providing basic heating in a gentle degraded mode. 4. Addressing the issues of traditional air conditioners lacking gradient preheating logic during cold starts and the low heating efficiency of new energy low-temperature heat pumps, leading to slow heating response and functional malfunctions. 5. Achieving autonomous detection, classification, and one-click self-healing reset for vehicle air conditioning malfunctions in winter, reducing troubleshooting and subsequent maintenance costs.

[0010] This invention provides the following solution: According to a first aspect of the present invention, an adaptive control method for preventing malfunction of vehicle air conditioning is provided, comprising: Collect data from multiple vehicle sensors; The start-stop coupled control logic of the heating system is constructed based on multi-source sensor data, and the reference threshold of ambient temperature under multiple operating conditions is pre-stored. The start-stop coupling control logic of the heating system is used to coordinate the joint start-stop timing and interlocking relationship of the compressor, PTC heating component, water circulation pump, and air conditioning duct actuator, providing timing control and interlocking constraints for subsequent heating regulation; The system acquires real-time environmental data of the vehicle and dynamically weakens the constraint of ambient temperature on the start and stop of the heating system based on the ambient temperature benchmark threshold corresponding to the real-time environmental data and the current operating environment, thereby generating a dynamic low-temperature protection threshold. Based on multi-source sensor data, the health status of the heating system is identified. Combined with multiple factors such as the deviation between real-time ambient temperature and dynamic low-temperature protection threshold, coolant temperature, battery temperature, system load and fault level, a corresponding preset heating control adjustment strategy is matched. Based on the start-stop coupling control logic of the heating system, a matching heating control adjustment strategy is executed; Based on the health status of the heating system and the results of the adjustment strategy execution, the self-healing control strategy of the heating system is matched and run.

[0011] Furthermore, the multi-source sensor data includes at least: vehicle interior and exterior temperatures, coolant temperature, air conditioning pressure, battery temperature, and vehicle speed data; The vehicle's internal and external temperatures and speed data are used to retrieve the multi-condition ambient temperature reference thresholds and participate in the calculation of dynamic low-temperature protection thresholds. Coolant temperature and battery temperature are used to determine the basic operating conditions of the heating system. The vehicle's internal and external temperatures and air conditioning pressure are used to cross-verify sensor values ​​and identify sensor drift or signal communication failures. Coolant temperature and air conditioning pressure are used to determine minor hardware faults such as heater core blockage and refrigerant leakage. Among them, minor hardware failures of air conditioners are defined as: failures that do not affect the basic heating function, have no hardware safety failure risk, and only have the effects of reduced system heat exchange efficiency and slight actuator response deviation. Specifically, these include minor blockage of the heating water tank, minor refrigerant leakage, minor pressure loss in the pipeline, and slight actuator response delay. These failures can be mitigated and allowed to operate normally through algorithms and power compensation.

[0012] Furthermore, the steps for generating a dynamic cryogenic protection threshold include: A table of baseline thresholds for ambient temperature and vehicle speed is pre-stored, and the ambient temperature baseline threshold corresponding to the current working condition is obtained by looking up the table based on the real-time collected ambient temperature and vehicle speed. Obtain the vehicle start-up time correction factor and heating power correction factor; The dynamic low temperature protection threshold is obtained by multiplying the ambient temperature reference threshold, the vehicle start-up time correction factor, and the heating power correction factor. When the real-time ambient temperature is lower than the dynamic low-temperature protection threshold and falls within the preset extreme cold operating temperature range, the power-limited forced start channel is activated, and the corresponding compressor power limit range is matched according to the fluctuation value of the dynamic low-temperature protection threshold. Limit the compressor's maximum operating power and simultaneously activate the heating components to raise the coolant temperature based on the coolant temperature and battery temperature.

[0013] Furthermore, the health status of the heating system can be categorized into at least three types: hard faults in sensor communication, soft faults in sensor data drift, minor hardware faults in the air conditioner, and irreversible hardware faults. The corresponding heating control adjustment strategies include: Sensor communication hard faults: Based on CAN bus message loss and data exceeding the physical range, a multi-source data conservative value replacement control strategy is adopted. If a hard fault is determined in the sensor communication, a preset conservative safety value is retrieved to replace the faulty sensor data in the calculation. Sensor data drift soft fault: Based on the continuous out-of-tolerance threshold of the target sensor and associated temperature and pressure sensor data, a multi-sensor weighted fusion arbitration control strategy is matched. If a soft fault of sensor data drift is determined, an arbitration value is calculated by weighting the data from the vehicle's interior and exterior temperature sensors and the air conditioning pressure sensor, and the arbitration value is used to replace the original data of the faulty sensor in the control process. Air conditioning hardware failure: Based on the coolant inlet and outlet temperature difference and the system pressure preset time being lower than the healthy range, a coolant bypass shunting combined power compensation control strategy is matched. After identifying a minor hardware fault such as a slight blockage in the heater core, a command is output to open the coolant bypass branch. Simultaneously increase the blower speed and increase the compressor output power to compensate for heat exchange losses; Irreversible hardware failure: Based on compressor stall and circuit short circuit signals, a power-limiting shutdown control strategy for the heating system is matched.

[0014] Furthermore, the self-healing control strategy is implemented based on the graded health status of the heating system: For two types of self-healing soft faults, namely sensor data drift soft faults and transient communication hard faults, automatic data compensation or module reset is performed. For minor hardware malfunctions in the air conditioner that cause it to degrade into a lower operating level, the central control panel will display a pop-up window indicating the fault type and provide a one-click reset option. In the event of an irreversible hardware failure, the heating system will be shut down and a maintenance reminder will be sent.

[0015] Furthermore, the heating control adjustment strategy also includes gradient coordinated heating of heat pumps and PTCs: Real-time acquisition of the heat pump heating efficiency ratio, combined with the external ambient temperature and battery discharge power threshold for comprehensive judgment; When the energy efficiency ratio is lower than the preset threshold, the heat pump load is gradually reduced and the PTC output power is increased. Once the heat pump's energy efficiency recovers, gradually reduce the PTC power until it is shut down.

[0016] According to a second aspect of the present invention, an adaptive control system for preventing vehicle air conditioning failure is provided, which executes an adaptive control method for preventing vehicle air conditioning failure. The adaptive control system for preventing vehicle air conditioning failure includes: a multi-source sensor acquisition module, a working condition fusion analysis module, an adaptive control module, a fault self-diagnosis and self-healing module, a bypass emergency execution module, and a human-machine interaction prompt module. Each module exchanges data and control commands through the vehicle CAN bus. Multi-source sensor acquisition module, used to acquire data from multiple vehicle sensors; The operating condition fusion and analysis module is used to construct the start-stop coupled control logic of the heating system, generate dynamic low temperature protection thresholds, and distinguish four types of heating system health states based on multi-source sensor data and match corresponding heating control adjustment strategies. The adaptive control module is used to execute heating control adjustment strategies and output actuator drive commands; The fault self-diagnosis and self-healing module is used to match and run self-healing control strategies based on the health status of the heating system. The bypass emergency execution module, including the compressor, blower, PTC heater, and coolant bypass solenoid valve, is used to receive instructions from the adaptive control module to complete the heating path and power regulation; The human-computer interaction prompt module is used to display fault information and receive manual reset operations from users.

[0017] According to a third aspect of the present invention, an emergency bypass pipeline for vehicle air conditioning coolant is provided, which is applied to an adaptive control system for preventing vehicle air conditioning failure. The pipeline includes an engine coolant main outlet pipe, a main flow regulating valve, a heater core body, a heater core main inlet, a heater core main outlet, a coolant main return pipe, a bypass branch pipe, a bypass solenoid valve, and a bypass merging interface. The output end of the engine coolant main outlet pipe is connected to the input end of the main flow regulating valve, the output end of the main flow regulating valve is connected to the main inlet of the heater core, the main inlet of the heater core is connected to the inlet of the heater core body, the outlet of the heater core body is connected to the main outlet of the heater core, and the main outlet of the heater core is connected to the main return pipe of the coolant. The input end of the bypass branch pipe is connected in parallel to the pipeline between the main outlet pipe of the engine coolant and the main flow regulating valve. The output end of the bypass branch pipe is equipped with a bypass solenoid valve, and the output end of the bypass branch pipe is connected to the main return pipe of the coolant through the bypass merging interface. Under normal operating conditions, the bypass electronically controlled solenoid valve is closed, and the coolant forms the main heat exchange circuit through the engine coolant main outlet pipe, the main flow regulating valve, and the heater core body, and only flows into the heater core for heat exchange through the main circuit. When a minor blockage is detected in the heater core based on the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the coolant, the bypass solenoid valve opens, allowing the coolant to bypass the heater core body via the bypass branch pipe and flow into the main coolant return pipe through the bypass merging interface. This, combined with the power compensation strategy, enables emergency heating operation.

[0018] According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, an electronic device is provided, comprising: a processor, a communication interface, a memory, and a communication bus, wherein the processor, the communication interface, and the memory communicate with each other via the communication bus; The memory stores a computer program, which, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to perform steps such as the adaptive control method for preventing vehicle air conditioning malfunction.

[0019] According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, comprising: storing a computer program executable by an electronic device, wherein when the computer program is run on the electronic device, the electronic device performs steps such as an adaptive control method for preventing malfunction of an in-vehicle air conditioning system.

[0020] The above solution achieves the following beneficial technical effects: This invention abandons the traditional fixed temperature threshold limitation and adaptively judges based on the environment and the actual working conditions of the vehicle. Even in extreme weather conditions of -20°C, the system can make flexible decisions based on the actual situation of the vehicle to maximize the continuous and stable output of hot air from the air conditioner and greatly improve the reliability of low-temperature operation.

[0021] This invention ensures that the failure of individual sensors does not affect the overall system, as the system uses other data to estimate a reasonable value. Minor hardware problems will not completely disable the air conditioner; an emergency circuit will automatically activate, allowing it to continue operating at reduced efficiency, demonstrating strong fault-tolerant operation capabilities.

[0022] This invention, through strategies such as preheating the coolant and coordinating the operation of multiple heat sources, can shorten the time it takes for the air conditioner to blow out hot air during a cold start in winter by more than one-third, thereby reducing the heating response time and improving heating efficiency.

[0023] This invention automatically distinguishes between self-healing software faults and irreversible hardware faults, displays fault type and handling suggestions in a pop-up window on the central control panel, supports one-click reset and restart for car owners, significantly reduces the number of times vehicles need to be taken to a repair shop, and features intelligent self-diagnosis and self-healing for greater ease of use.

[0024] This invention allows for more precise adjustment of the power of the compressor, blower, and heater, avoiding unnecessary work. It is projected that overall energy consumption for air conditioning use in winter will decrease by 12% to 18%, while also reducing the impact of heavy loads, helping to extend the lifespan of the entire air conditioning system and achieving energy savings. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of an adaptive control method for preventing vehicle air conditioning malfunction provided by one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of an adaptive control system for preventing vehicle air conditioning malfunction, provided by one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of an emergency bypass pipeline for vehicle air conditioning coolant provided in one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the framework of a winter air conditioner anti-malfunction control system provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a winter air conditioner anti-malfunction control process provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a coolant bypass emergency pipeline structure provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 7 This is a block diagram of an electronic device structure for an adaptive control method for preventing vehicle air conditioning malfunction, provided in one or more embodiments of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of an adaptive control method for preventing vehicle air conditioning malfunction provided by one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0034] Example 1, such as Figure 1 The vehicle air conditioning anti-failure adaptive control method shown includes: T1 collects data from multiple vehicle sensors; T2 constructs start-stop coupled control logic for the heating system based on multi-source sensor data and pre-stores multi-condition ambient temperature reference thresholds. T3 acquires real-time environmental data of the vehicle and dynamically weakens the constraint of ambient temperature on the start and stop of the heating system based on the real-time environmental data and the benchmark threshold, generating a dynamic low temperature protection threshold. T4 identifies the health status of the heating system based on data from multiple sensors and matches it with a preset heating control adjustment strategy. T5 executes the matching heating control adjustment strategy; T6 matches and runs the heating system's self-healing control strategy based on the health status of the heating system and the results of the adjustment strategy execution.

[0035] In this embodiment, the multi-source sensor data includes at least: vehicle interior and exterior temperatures, coolant temperature, air conditioning pressure (air conditioning high and low pressure circuit pressure), battery temperature, and vehicle speed data. The vehicle's internal and external temperatures and speed data are used to retrieve the multi-condition ambient temperature reference thresholds and participate in the calculation of dynamic low-temperature protection thresholds. Coolant temperature and battery temperature are used to determine the basic operating conditions of the heating system. The vehicle's internal and external temperatures and air conditioning pressure are used to cross-verify sensor values ​​and identify sensor drift or signal communication failures. Coolant temperature and air conditioning pressure are used to determine minor hardware faults such as heater core blockage and refrigerant leakage.

[0036] Specifically, in Example 2, the heating system is a complete vehicle air conditioning heating system, encompassing: 1) Coolant circulation heating circuit: engine / motor cooling water circuit, heater core, coolant bypass solenoid valve, main flow control valve; 2) Heat pump circulation components: compressor, indoor heat exchanger, outdoor heat exchanger, throttle valve, high and low pressure sensors; 3) Electric auxiliary heating components: high-pressure PTC heater; 4) Air supply mechanism: blower, hot and cold air damper actuator; 5) Sensing components: vehicle interior and exterior temperature sensors, coolant temperature sensor, air conditioning high and low pressure circuit pressure sensors, battery temperature sensor, vehicle speed sensor; 6) Control and execution unit: vehicle ECU, air conditioning controller, CAN communication module. This can be summarized as: water-cooled heating circuit, heat pump circulation circuit, PTC electric heating circuit, air supply mechanism, and supporting sensing and electronic control execution components. As an electric vehicle, the heating system mainly includes the air conditioning compressor and PTC heater generating heat. The air conditioning compressor works on the principle of heat exchange, while the PTC heater works on the principle of directly consuming electrical energy and converting it into heat energy. Air conditioning has relatively low energy consumption but low efficiency, while PTC has high energy consumption but high efficiency.

[0037] Coolant, especially in new energy electric vehicles, the water coolant in the motor / battery cooling circuit also participates in heat exchange and heating, forming part of the heating system.

[0038] Example 3, retrieving multi-condition ambient temperature reference thresholds and participating in the calculation of dynamic low-temperature protection thresholds includes: 1) The vehicle controller has a pre-stored calibration data table (two-dimensional lookup table matrix) with two independent variables: the ambient temperature range and the real-time vehicle speed range; 2) Each group (ambient temperature, vehicle speed) in the table corresponds to a baseline threshold T_base, which is the minimum cooling medium temperature that allows the on-board heating system compressor / PTC to start normally; 3) Multi-condition coverage: extreme cold (≤-20℃), severe cold (-20~-10℃), low temperature (-10~0℃), low speed 0~20km / h, medium and high speed above 20km / h, all of which are fixed values ​​obtained through high-altitude cold-weather vehicle calibration, which are the uncorrected basic safety thresholds.

[0039] For example, ambient temperature -15℃, vehicle speed 0km / h → lookup table base threshold T_base=65℃; ambient temperature -25℃, vehicle speed 10km / h → lookup table base threshold T_base=70℃.

[0040] The T_base obtained by simply looking up the table is a static base value and cannot be directly used as a protection threshold. It needs to be calculated by adding two correction factors to generate the final dynamic judgment threshold T_threshold=T_base×K_t×K_other. K_t: Vehicle start-up time correction factor, less than 1 in the first 180 seconds of cold start, lowers the start-up threshold and allows for low-temperature preheating; K_other: Heating power correction factor, with a value of 0.9 when the PTC is operating at full power, further relaxing the start-up conditions; The T_base obtained from the table is the basic input item for the calculation, so it is described as "participating in the calculation of dynamic cryogenic protection threshold".

[0041] Traditional logic: Only judge the ambient temperature, and lock the compressor directly if it is lower than a fixed value; This solution's logic: 1) First, combine the ambient temperature and vehicle speed to look up the table and match the basic allowable water temperature under the current operating conditions; 2) Then, dynamically lower the start-up threshold according to the start-up time and PTC heating power; 3) Finally, compare the calculated dynamic threshold with the actual cooling medium temperature to decide whether to allow the heating system to work, avoiding accidental shutdown during extremely cold starts.

[0042] The basic operating conditions are the minimum thermal state threshold for the entire vehicle to stably and safely output hot air in the vehicle's air conditioning heating system. For example, in a new energy vehicle with heat pump + PTC heating: the cooling circuit medium has a basic heat exchange source, and the power battery temperature meets the discharge output power constraint, allowing stable operation of the compressor and PTC. This invention simultaneously reads two core parameters: the cooling circuit medium temperature and the battery temperature, comprehensively determining whether the heat source / power supply meets the standards, rather than relying solely on a single temperature value as in traditional methods. If either temperature falls below the safety lower limit: the basic operating conditions are not met, and the system enters a low-power preheating mode, preventing the compressor from operating at full load and prioritizing the increase of the medium / battery temperature to avoid directly locking up heating.

[0043] Example 4: Cross-validating sensor values ​​to identify sensor drift or signal communication faults, including: Under normal heating conditions, the vehicle interior temperature, exterior ambient temperature, and refrigerant high and low pressure have a fixed physical correspondence, and their values ​​will not deviate significantly from the theoretical matching range for a long period. For example, sensor drift (soft fault): In low-temperature environments, the sensor element ages due to temperature drift, and the output value does not exceed the hardware range (it will not display extreme invalid values ​​such as -55℃ or 80℃), but it continuously and stably deviates from the true physical quantity. For example, if the actual outdoor temperature is 0℃, the sensor will output a fixed value of -5℃ for a long time, which is an accuracy deviation. There is no hardware open circuit / short circuit; it is just inaccurate measurement. For example, signal communication faults (hard faults): CAN bus message loss, signal timeout, checksum error, sensor open circuit / short circuit, the controller cannot receive a valid signal, or the signal directly exceeds the sensor's physical measurement range (such as an ambient temperature that is consistently -60℃).

[0044] Example 5: The complete cross-validation execution process may include: 1. Synchronously collect multiple sets of sensor data on vehicle interior and exterior temperatures and air conditioning high and low pressure circuits; 2. Calculate the theoretical matching difference range between each sensor based on the air conditioning heating thermodynamic model; 3. Determine two types of faults in a layered manner: First layer (hard communication fault determination): Detect continuous loss of CAN messages or data exceeding the sensor's rated range to directly determine a communication fault; Second layer (soft drift fault determination): If the sensor value is within the range, but the difference between it and the theoretical value of the associated sensor exceeds the preset deviation threshold for multiple consecutive sampling cycles, then sensor drift is determined; Output the fault determination result and send it to the subsequent heating control adjustment strategy matching stage.

[0045] Minor hardware faults such as heater core blockage and refrigerant leakage include: minor hardware faults where components are not completely ineffective, there is no fatal damage such as short circuits / jamming, only a decrease in heat exchange and circulation performance, and the system can still reduce power to maintain basic heating. These are not irreversible faults that cause direct shutdown. They include two typical types of faults: partial blockage of the heater core and slow leakage of a small amount of refrigerant.

[0046] 1. Logic for determining minor blockage in the heater core: Pre-stable operating conditions: engine / motor warm-up complete, air conditioner providing stable heating, blower airflow fixed, coolant level normal with no shortage, and no air resistance in the pipeline; continuously collect the inlet and outlet temperatures of the cooling medium in the heater core and calculate the inlet and outlet temperature difference; if the measured temperature difference is consistently lower than the preset healthy temperature difference threshold for multiple consecutive sampling cycles, it is determined that scale and impurities inside the heater core have caused local blockage; Physical principle: the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the medium is large during normal flow; after pipeline blockage, the flow rate decreases, heat exchange is insufficient, and the inlet and outlet temperature difference is significantly reduced.

[0047] 2. Logic for judging minor refrigerant leaks: The heat pump operates stably in heating mode, excluding interference from fluctuations in ambient temperature and air volume; the high and low pressure circuits of the refrigerant are collected in real time; if the high and low pressures are consistently lower than the standard pressure range specified for this operating condition for a long period of time, and there is no rapid pressure drop or triggering of the system's low-pressure hard protection shutdown, then a minor refrigerant leak is judged (minor fault); to distinguish severe leaks: a sudden pressure drop that triggers the compressor to shut down is an irreversible fault; a slow and small pressure drop is a minor leak, and the system can be degraded for operation.

[0048] For example, the execution process is as follows: 1. Collect the temperature of the cooling circuit medium and the pressure of the air conditioning high and low pressure circuits; 2. Lock in the stable heating condition and eliminate interference such as cold start and sudden changes in air volume; 3. Calculate the temperature difference between the medium inlet and outlet and the high and low pressure of the refrigerant; 4. Compare with the preset health threshold. If the value continues to exceed the threshold, it is marked as a minor hardware fault; 5. Output the fault judgment result and match the heating control adjustment strategy of "coolant bypass diversion + power compensation".

[0049] In this embodiment, the step of generating a dynamic cryogenic protection threshold includes: Pre-store a multi-condition baseline threshold lookup table indexed by ambient temperature and vehicle speed; Based on the collected external ambient temperature and vehicle speed index lookup table, retrieve the benchmark threshold corresponding to the current operating condition; Obtain the vehicle start-up time correction factor and heating power correction factor; Multiply the retrieved baseline threshold, vehicle start-up time correction factor, and heating power correction factor to obtain the dynamic low-temperature protection threshold. When the real-time ambient temperature is lower than the preset extreme cold temperature, the power-limited forced start channel is activated to limit the maximum operating power of the compressor, and the heating components are activated simultaneously according to the coolant temperature and battery temperature to raise the coolant temperature.

[0050] Specifically: In Example 6, the duration correction factor is a proportional coefficient with the cumulative running time after the vehicle is powered on / engine / drive motor starts as the independent variable. It is used to scale and correct the base threshold T_base obtained by looking up the table, and finally obtain the dynamic low temperature protection threshold T_threshold=T_base×K_t×K_other.

[0051] During the initial cold start phase of the vehicle (calibration window, e.g., 0-180s after startup), K_t is less than 1; after 180s of startup, K_t returns to 1, and the startup threshold is no longer relaxed.

[0052] The heating power correction factor is a dimensionless proportionality coefficient determined based on the actual output power of the current PTC electric heater. It is used as a multiplicative correction term in the calculation of the dynamic low-temperature protection threshold: T_threshold = T_base × K_t × K_other. Its core logic is: the higher the heating power input by the PTC, the more sufficient the vehicle's heating capacity reserve, allowing for a more relaxed medium temperature threshold for the heating system to start, thus lowering the judgment threshold. For example: when the PTC is running at full power, the heating power correction factor takes a fixed value less than 1 (e.g., 0.9); when the PTC is running at half power, the heating power correction factor takes a value close to 1; when the PTC is not started and there is no electric heating output, the heating power correction factor is equal to 1, and the start-up threshold is not relaxed.

[0053] The PTC drive duty cycle / output power signal output in real time by the air conditioner controller is an internal execution status parameter of the system.

[0054] In this embodiment, the health status of the heating system is categorized into at least three types: sensor communication hard fault, sensor data drift soft fault, minor air conditioning hardware fault, and irreversible hardware fault. The corresponding heating control adjustment strategies include: Sensor communication hard faults: Based on CAN bus message loss and data exceeding the physical range, a multi-source data conservative value replacement control strategy is adopted. If a hard fault is determined in the sensor communication, a preset conservative safety value is retrieved to replace the faulty sensor data in the calculation. Sensor data drift soft fault: Based on the continuous out-of-tolerance threshold of the target sensor and associated temperature and pressure sensor data, a multi-sensor weighted fusion arbitration control strategy is matched. If a soft fault of sensor data drift is determined, an arbitration value is calculated by weighting the data from the vehicle's interior and exterior temperature sensors and the air conditioning pressure sensor, and the arbitration value is used to replace the original data of the faulty sensor in the control process. Minor hardware malfunction in air conditioning: Based on the coolant inlet / outlet temperature difference and the system pressure preset time being below the healthy range, a coolant bypass shunting combined power compensation control strategy is applied. After identifying a minor hardware fault such as a slight blockage in the heater core, a command is output to open the coolant bypass branch. Simultaneously increase the blower speed and increase the compressor output power to compensate for heat exchange losses.

[0055] Irreversible hardware failure: Based on compressor stall and circuit short circuit signals, a power-limiting shutdown control strategy for the heating system is matched.

[0056] In this embodiment, the self-healing control strategy is implemented according to the graded health status of the heating system: For two types of self-healing soft faults, namely sensor data drift soft faults and transient communication hard faults, automatic data compensation or module reset is performed. For minor hardware malfunctions in the air conditioner that cause it to degrade into a lower operating level, the central control panel will display a pop-up window indicating the fault type and provide a one-click reset option. In the event of an irreversible hardware failure, the heating system will be shut down and a maintenance reminder will be sent.

[0057] In this embodiment, the heating control adjustment strategy also includes gradient coordinated heating of the heat pump and PTC: Real-time acquisition of the heat pump heating efficiency ratio, combined with the external ambient temperature and battery discharge power threshold for comprehensive judgment; When the energy efficiency ratio is lower than the preset threshold, the heat pump load is gradually reduced and the PTC output power is increased. Once the heat pump's energy efficiency recovers, gradually reduce the PTC power until it is shut down.

[0058] Specifically: Example 7, in one specific embodiment, discloses an adaptive control method for preventing vehicle air conditioning malfunction, including the following steps: S1. After the vehicle is powered on, the multi-source sensor acquisition module collects the vehicle's sensor data in real time, preprocesses it, and uploads it to the working condition fusion and analysis module. S2. The working condition fusion analysis module retrieves the preset benchmark threshold table, calculates the real-time low temperature protection threshold by combining the dynamic correction factor, and simultaneously verifies the consistency of sensor data and detects the performance degradation status of heating hardware. S3, the adaptive control module outputs gradient heating control commands based on dynamic thresholds and the real-time COP value of the heat pump, driving the bypass emergency execution module to complete coolant preheating and heat pump and PTC coordinated heating; S4. The fault self-diagnosis and self-healing module determines the fault type based on the sensor verification results and matches the corresponding control strategies for fault-tolerant operation, bypass degradation, and shutdown alarm. S5, the human-computer interaction prompt module synchronously displays fault classification information, receives one-click reset command and sends back the fault self-inspection and self-healing module to perform self-healing operation; S6. The system continuously monitors the vehicle's operating condition in a loop, and the entire machine stops operating after the vehicle is turned off.

[0059] In step S2, when the ambient temperature is detected to be lower than the preset extreme cold threshold, a power-limiting forced start strategy is executed to limit the maximum operating power of the compressor and simultaneously start the engine or high-pressure PTC to raise the coolant temperature, thus preventing the air conditioner from shutting down completely.

[0060] After determining a minor hardware blockage fault in step S4, the coolant bypass diversion channel is opened, the heating output power is compensated simultaneously, the basic warm air output is maintained, the fault code is recorded simultaneously, and a maintenance prompt is pushed to the user.

[0061] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of an adaptive control system for preventing vehicle air conditioning malfunction, provided by one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0062] Example 8, as Figure 2 The vehicle air conditioning anti-failure adaptive control system shown executes the vehicle air conditioning anti-failure adaptive control method. The vehicle air conditioning anti-failure adaptive control system includes: a multi-source sensor acquisition module, a working condition fusion analysis module, an adaptive control module, a fault self-diagnosis and self-healing module, a bypass emergency execution module, and a human-machine interaction prompt module. Each module exchanges data and control commands through the vehicle CAN bus. Multi-source sensor acquisition module, used to acquire data from multiple vehicle sensors; The operating condition fusion and analysis module is used to construct the start-stop coupled control logic of the heating system, generate dynamic low temperature protection thresholds, and distinguish four types of heating system health states based on multi-source sensor data and match corresponding heating control adjustment strategies. The adaptive control module is used to execute heating control adjustment strategies and output actuator drive commands; The fault self-diagnosis and self-healing module is used to match and run self-healing control strategies based on the health status of the heating system. The bypass emergency execution module, including the compressor, blower, PTC heater, and coolant bypass solenoid valve, is used to receive instructions from the adaptive control module to complete the heating path and power regulation; The human-computer interaction prompt module is used to display fault information and receive manual reset operations from users.

[0063] In this embodiment, the working condition fusion judgment module stores a multi-working-condition ambient temperature benchmark threshold table and has a built-in dynamic threshold correction algorithm and a multi-sensor data fusion arbitration model. The working condition fusion judgment module calls the vehicle interior and exterior temperature, coolant temperature, air conditioning pressure (air conditioning high and low pressure circuit pressure), battery temperature, and vehicle speed data to complete the table lookup to obtain the benchmark threshold, threshold multiplication correction, cross-verification of four types of faults, and hardware fault determination.

[0064] In this embodiment, the bypass emergency execution module is equipped with a coolant bypass pipeline, which includes a bypass branch pipe, a bypass solenoid valve, and a bypass confluence interface. When the bypass solenoid valve is opened, the coolant flows through the bypass branch pipe to increase the circulation flow rate.

[0065] In this embodiment, the human-machine interaction prompt module is connected to the vehicle's central control screen, supporting graded fault pop-up prompts and one-click reset operation; or it can use voice broadcasting combined with a physical reset button to realize human-machine interaction.

[0066] In this embodiment, the operating condition fusion judgment module uses a trained AI neural network model to replace the multi-dimensional data fusion judgment logic; or cancels the independent bypass solenoid valve and realizes the bypass diversion of coolant by adjusting the opening of the main flow regulating valve.

[0067] Specifically: In one embodiment, Example 9 discloses an adaptive control and fault self-healing system for preventing vehicle air conditioning failure, including a multi-source sensor acquisition module, a working condition fusion analysis module, an adaptive control module, a fault self-inspection and self-healing module, a bypass emergency execution module, and a human-machine interaction prompt module. The multi-source sensor acquisition module is used to collect multi-dimensional operating sensor data of the whole vehicle and transmit the data to the operating condition fusion and analysis module after completing signal preprocessing. The working condition fusion analysis module pre-stores a multi-working condition benchmark threshold table and configures dynamic correction factor calculation logic to dynamically generate the air conditioner low temperature protection start threshold by combining real-time sensor data, and at the same time completes sensor data consistency verification and hardware heating performance degradation fault judgment. The adaptive control module has a built-in dynamic low temperature protection threshold adaptive regulation algorithm and a heat pump-PTC coupled gradient heating regulation algorithm. It is used to output graded heating control commands based on the dynamic threshold output by the working condition fusion judgment module and the heat source energy efficiency evaluation results. The fault self-inspection and self-healing module pre-stores hierarchical fault handling strategies and soft fault self-healing reset logic to distinguish sensor communication faults, sensor data drift soft faults, minor hardware attenuation faults, and irreversible hardware faults, and matches them with corresponding fault-tolerant operation, bypass degradation, and fault alarm handling schemes. The bypass emergency execution module, controlled by the adaptive control module and the fault self-diagnosis and self-healing module, includes a coolant bypass solenoid valve, compressor, PTC heater, blower, and warm air damper actuator, used to perform conventional heating, power-limited low-temperature start-up, and bypass diversion compensation heating actions. The human-machine interaction prompt module connects to the vehicle central control interaction terminal and is used for fault classification pop-up prompts, receiving user one-click reset commands and feeding back to the fault self-diagnosis and self-healing module. Each module achieves real-time data interaction through the vehicle's CAN bus. The system replaces the fixed temperature protection threshold with a dynamically generated low-temperature protection threshold, sets a power-limited forced heating channel in extremely cold conditions, and maintains basic heating output of the air conditioner when sensors malfunction or minor hardware failures occur. At the same time, it automatically identifies the fault type and provides self-healing or maintenance prompts.

[0068] In this embodiment, the dynamic low-temperature protection threshold generated by the working condition fusion judgment module is calculated as follows: T_threshold = T_base × K_t × K_other; where T_base is the pre-stored baseline heating start temperature that matches the ambient temperature and vehicle speed, K_t is the vehicle start-up duration correction factor, which takes a value less than 1 within the preset vehicle start-up duration to reduce the heating start-up threshold, and K_other is the system's available heating power fine-tuning factor; when the ambient temperature is lower than the preset extreme cold critical value, the working condition fusion judgment module outputs a power-limited forced start command, controls the upper limit of the compressor's operating power, and simultaneously starts the auxiliary heating device to preheat the coolant.

[0069] In this embodiment, the fault self-diagnosis and self-healing module includes the following logic for sensor fault classification diagnosis and fault-tolerant operation: Level 1 hard fault is when sensor communication is interrupted or sensor data exceeds the physical reasonable range. The system discards the faulty sensor data and uses a preset conservative safety value for control. Level 2 soft fault is when the sensor value is in the valid range but continuously deviates from the associated sensor arbitration value. The system uses the weighted average of multiple associated sensors or the estimated value of the physical model to replace the faulty sensor data for control. When the global sensor confidence is lower than the safety threshold, the system automatically switches to the fixed power basic backup heating mode.

[0070] In this embodiment, after the fault self-diagnosis and self-healing module determines that there is a minor hardware fault such as a slight blockage in the heater core, insufficient coolant flow, or slight refrigerant leakage, it triggers the bypass emergency execution module to start the coolant bypass solenoid valve to increase the circulation flow. At the same time, the adaptive control module increases the blower air volume and adjusts the compressor output load to compensate for heat exchange power, so that the air conditioner continues to heat in a downgraded mode.

[0071] In this embodiment, the heat pump-PTC coupled gradient heating regulation logic of the adaptive control module is as follows: calculate the COP energy efficiency value of the heat pump under the current operating condition in real time; when the COP is lower than the preset efficiency threshold, gradually reduce the heat pump load and progressively increase the PTC auxiliary heating power; when the vehicle operating condition improves and the heat pump COP recovers, gradually reduce the PTC output power until it is turned off, so as to realize the dual heat source coordinated dynamic ratio heating.

[0072] In this embodiment, the fault self-diagnosis and self-healing module distinguishes three types of fault handling logic: self-healable soft faults execute automatic logic reset and prompt the user through human-machine interaction to indicate that self-healing is complete; minor faults with limited performance start the downgraded heating mode and pop up a window prompting the user to have the fault repaired at an appropriate time; irreversible serious faults directly cut off the heating output and force the user to go to the store for repair immediately; the human-machine interaction prompt module is equipped with a one-key reset function, which drives the fault self-diagnosis and self-healing module to complete the initialization and reset of the corresponding control module after receiving the user's command.

[0073] In this embodiment, the sensing devices connected to the multi-source sensing acquisition module include vehicle interior and exterior temperature sensors, coolant temperature sensors, air conditioning pressure sensors, battery temperature sensors, and vehicle speed sensors. The collected analog signals are filtered, amplified, and preprocessed before being synchronously transmitted to the operating condition fusion and analysis module via the CAN bus.

[0074] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of an emergency bypass pipeline for vehicle air conditioning coolant provided in one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0075] Example 10, as Figure 3 The vehicle air conditioning coolant bypass emergency pipeline shown is used in the vehicle air conditioning anti-failure adaptive control system, including the engine coolant main outlet pipe, main flow regulating valve, heater core body, heater core main inlet, heater core main outlet, coolant main return pipe, bypass branch pipe, bypass solenoid valve, and bypass merging interface. Under normal operating conditions, the bypass solenoid valve is closed, and the coolant flows into the heater core via the main circuit for heat exchange. When a minor blockage in the heater core is detected based on the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the coolant, the bypass solenoid valve opens, and the coolant flows into the main coolant return pipe through the bypass branch pipe and the bypass merging interface.

[0076] It is worth noting that although this system / device only discloses the above-mentioned modules / units, it does not mean that this system / device is limited to the above-mentioned basic functional modules. On the contrary, what this invention intends to express is that, based on the above-mentioned basic functional modules, those skilled in the art can add one or more functional modules in combination with the prior art to form an infinite number of embodiments or technical solutions. That is to say, this system is open rather than closed. It cannot be assumed that the scope of protection of the claims of this invention is limited to the above-disclosed basic functional modules just because this embodiment only discloses a few basic functional modules.

[0077] Example 11, in one specific embodiment, discloses a winter vehicle air conditioning anti-failure adaptive control and fault self-healing system, which is composed of six parts: a multi-source sensor acquisition module, a working condition fusion analysis module, an adaptive control module, a fault self-checking and self-healing module, a bypass emergency execution module, and a human-machine interaction prompt module (e.g., Figure 4 (as shown) Multi-source sensor acquisition module: connects to vehicle interior and exterior temperature sensors, coolant temperature sensor, air conditioning pressure sensor, battery temperature sensor, and vehicle speed sensor; Adaptive control module: Built-in low-temperature protection dynamic threshold algorithm and heat pump-PTC coupling control algorithm; Fault self-diagnosis and self-healing module: realizes sensor fault diagnosis, minor hardware fault identification, fault code storage and system reset functions; Bypass emergency execution module: externally controls the air conditioning compressor, heating damper, blower, PTC heater, coolant circulation bypass solenoid valve and other execution components; Human-machine interaction prompt module: It connects to the vehicle's central control screen and air conditioning control panel to realize interactive functions such as fault pop-up prompts, manual reset, and working mode switching.

[0078] In this embodiment, dynamic low-temperature protection threshold adaptive adjustment is adopted (e.g., Figure 5 (as shown) Instead of using traditional fixed protection thresholds like 0℃ and -10℃, it dynamically generates thresholds that allow the air conditioning compressor or high-pressure components to start based on the vehicle's real-time thermal state and environmental conditions, using a combination of table lookup calculations and dynamic correction factors. Core threshold definition table: This table stores recommended baseline values ​​T_base(T_env, Vehicle) for coolant / battery temperatures that allow the compressor or heat pump to start under different ambient temperature (T_env) and vehicle speed (Vehicle) ranges. For example: when T_env = [-∞, -20℃] && Vehicle = [0, 20] km / h, the baseline coolant temperature T_base = 70℃. When T_env = [-20℃, -10℃] && Vehicle = [0, 20] km / h, T_base = 65℃. The table is pre-calibrated and covers all considered operating condition combinations.

[0079] Dynamic correction factor: The final start-up threshold T_threshold is calculated using the following formula, taking into account the dynamic impact of the vehicle's operating status: T_threshold = T_base × K_t × K_other.

[0080] K_t (Runtime Factor): In the initial stage after the engine / drive motor starts (e.g., the first 180 seconds), this factor takes a value <1.0 (e.g., 0.8), which aims to moderately lower the start-up threshold and encourage the air conditioning system to intervene at a low power level in advance to accelerate preheating.

[0081] K_other (Other fine-tuning factor): Dynamically fine-tuned based on the available heating power of the system (such as PTC status) (e.g., when the PTC is operating at full power, K_other=0.9). Special treatment for extremely cold working conditions: In the lowest T_env range (e.g., T_env < -25℃), an additional power-limited forced start channel is established. That is, regardless of how low the water temperature is, the system automatically limits the compressor's maximum allowable operating power to below 30% and forcibly starts the high-pressure PTC / engine to raise the coolant temperature, prioritizing avoiding complete shutdown and maintaining basic heating capacity.

[0082] Example 12: In this example, sensor fault multi-source data fusion correction and fault-tolerant operation control are implemented. To effectively address system misjudgments caused by sensor low-temperature drift or malfunction, this invention abandons the traditional "abnormality equals error" mechanism and designs a tiered fault handling process. This process distinguishes between communication hard faults, invalid data faults, and data drift soft faults, and employs different fault-tolerance strategies (such as...). Figure 5 (As shown) Level 1: Communication and Signal Effectiveness Diagnosis Communication interruption fault: Detects CAN bus message loss, timeout, or checksum error. If these occur consecutively (e.g., ≥100ms), it is immediately identified as a "communication offline fault".

[0083] Physical validity fault: Check if the sensor data exceeds its reasonable physical range (e.g., the outside temperature is continuously displayed as -55℃ or +80℃). If it exceeds the preset number of cycles consecutively, it is judged as "data invalid fault".

[0084] Handling method: For the above two levels of hard faults, the system will discard the data of that sensor channel, instead adopt the preset conservative safety value, and trigger the highest level fault code and user alarm.

[0085] Level 2: Data consistency and correlation diagnosis (used to detect soft faults) For sensors whose values ​​are within the valid range but may "drift", the system compares their real-time data with data from a set of "physically correlated sensors" and estimates based on physical models / historical data.

[0086] For example, when judging the outside temperature sensor, one can refer to the inside temperature sensor, the theoretical outside temperature calculated based on the current air conditioning operating status and airflow model, and recent historical data for a comprehensive judgment.

[0087] The fault determination rule is as follows: If the deviation between the sensor data and the above "arbitration value" continuously and stably exceeds the preset threshold (e.g., the difference is greater than 3°C for 5 consecutive seconds), it will be marked as "low data confidence (soft fault)".

[0088] This also includes fault-tolerant control and data fusion: 1) For sensors marked as “soft faults”, instead of directly discarding their data, the data of that channel in the control algorithm is replaced with the aforementioned “arbitration value” (such as the weighted average of associated sensor data or model estimation value), thereby shielding the influence of erroneous signals without interrupting control.

[0089] 2) Global System Degradation Logic: To prevent the system from operating based on unreliable data due to the simultaneous failure of multiple sensors, this invention defines a safety boundary. When the global confidence level calculated by the system falls below a preset threshold (e.g., more than half of all sensors for a critical physical quantity are judged to be faulty), or when internal consistency checks (e.g., energy balance checks) fail severely, the system will automatically exit complex adaptive control and switch to a preset, conservative "basic backup heating mode" (e.g., only enabling a fixed PTC heating power), and prompt the user to check immediately.

[0090] Example 13: In this example, the bypass emergency control logic for minor hardware failures is as follows: To address issues such as minor blockages in the heater core, the system incorporates a logic of "performance degradation detection + bypass emergency control".

[0091] Fault diagnosis: If, after the engine has been running stably and the air conditioning heating mode has been stable for a period of time, the temperature difference between the heater inlet and outlet water or the actual temperature rise rate in the cockpit is consistently lower than the preset health threshold, and the coolant flow sensor shows no abnormality, then it is determined to be "minor blockage".

[0092] Degradation control: 1) Activate emergency bypass: Instruct the bypass solenoid valve to work, adding an extra coolant flow channel to bypass the original heat exchanger section, thereby increasing the overall circulation volume.

[0093] 2) Power compensation: On the controller side, slightly increase the target outlet air temperature setting or reduce the restriction on low-frequency operation of the compressor to compensate for the heat exchange capacity lost due to blockage. At the same time, temperature compensation can be achieved by slightly increasing the blower airflow.

[0094] 3) Steady-state confirmation and maintenance: After the system confirms a new degraded operating point (such as the inlet / outlet water temperature difference returning to an acceptable range, or the vehicle interior temperature rise meeting the standard), it maintains the operation in this state and records relevant data and fault codes.

[0095] In this embodiment, a gradient heating control strategy is employed that couples the heat pump with the PTC: Unlike simple switching based on temperature thresholds, this invention employs a control strategy based on dynamic energy efficiency ratio evaluation.

[0096] 1) The system evaluates the estimated heating efficiency (COP) of the heat pump in real time under the current ambient temperature and indoor set temperature.

[0097] 2) When COP drops below a cost-effectiveness threshold (e.g., when the ambient temperature is below -10°C or the load is extremely high), do not fully switch to PTC.

[0098] 3) Phased Coordination: First, attempt to reduce the target load rate of the heat pump from 70% to 50%. Simultaneously, activate a low-power PTC for auxiliary operation. If the power demand still cannot be met after auxiliary operation, the system will further increase the ratio of PTC to heat pump, rather than having them work in opposition.

[0099] 4) During PTC startup, the controller continuously monitors the actual energy efficiency. If the system detects that the vehicle has entered a stable driving state and the air circulation in the front engine compartment has improved, resulting in a rise in COP that can meet the demand, the PTC power will be gradually reduced until it is turned off.

[0100] Example 14: In this example, the fault self-diagnosis and human-computer interaction self-healing mechanism is as follows: The system backend maintains a classification table based on physically detectable fault sources, and records a set of feasible logical reset / self-healing steps for each type of "soft fault" (intermittent loss of sensor communication, temporary deviation of sensor values, etc.).

[0101] Self-healing soft faults: such as transient interference in sensor signals, short-term communication loss, software logic timeouts, etc. After the system automatically performs a reset or data compensation, it will prompt the user through the human-machine interface that the self-healing has been completed.

[0102] A hard fault warning is required: such as sensor / hardware performance degradation involved in the aforementioned fault-tolerant or degraded operation. The system will log this in the background and notify the user that "the system has started standby mode operation, and some functions are limited. It is recommended to arrange an inspection as soon as possible." Serious malfunctions require immediate attention: For malfunctions that directly affect safety (such as compressor stall and short circuit), the system will shut down and display a "Repair immediately" message.

[0103] One-click reset function: For some self-healing software faults, the system provides an "Immediate Reset" button on the HMI. After the user clicks it, the controller will perform software restart and initialization operations on the specified module, attempting to quickly restore normal operation. This function allows users to quickly resolve problems without having to visit a store in some cases.

[0104] In this embodiment, the system electrical connections and signal interaction relationships are as follows: Various sensors collect analog signals and send them to the multi-source sensor acquisition module. After filtering and amplification, the signals are transmitted to the operating condition fusion and analysis module. The analysis module generates control commands through built-in algorithms and sends them to the adaptive control module and the fault self-diagnosis and self-healing module. The adaptive control module drives the solenoid valves, compressors, PTC heaters, blowers, and damper mechanisms in the bypass emergency execution module to complete the corresponding actions. Fault-related information is simultaneously pushed to the human-machine interaction module to provide visual reminders. All functional modules of the system complete real-time data interaction through the vehicle's CAN bus.

[0105] Example 15, in another specific embodiment, discloses an embodiment of a gasoline-powered passenger vehicle operating in extremely cold winter conditions: Application scenario: When the ambient temperature is -15℃ and the vehicle is cold-started, the initial coolant temperature is only 30℃. Traditional air conditioners will directly trigger low-temperature protection and cut off heating, resulting in no hot air output.

[0106] Workflow of this embodiment: 1. The multi-source sensor module collects ambient temperature -15℃, coolant temperature 30℃, vehicle speed 0km / h, and start-up time 0s; 2. The operating condition fusion analysis module calculates and generates a dynamic low temperature protection threshold, which does not trigger the compressor lock-up protection; 3. The adaptive control module controls the coolant to circulate and preheat at low power, and the blower blows air out at low speed and at low speed. 4. After the water temperature rises to 55℃, gradually increase the compressor load and the heating output power. Stable hot air will be output within 3 minutes. 5. No false protection shutdowns occur throughout the entire process, and the air conditioner continues to provide normal heating.

[0107] Example 16, in another specific embodiment, discloses a sensor fault self-healing embodiment: Application scenario: In winter, the vehicle's outside temperature sensor drifts at low temperatures, displaying a fixed value of -5℃, while the actual ambient temperature is 0℃. Traditional air conditioners mistakenly enter extreme cold protection mode, causing frequent heating start-stop and malfunction.

[0108] Workflow of this embodiment: 1. The fault self-diagnosis module compares relevant data such as the vehicle interior temperature and air conditioning system pressure to determine whether the outside temperature sensor value is abnormally drifting. 2. By combining in-vehicle temperature data with historical operating conditions, the actual ambient temperature of 0℃ is estimated. 3. Replace the faulty sensor signal with an estimated normal value, and the air conditioner maintains a constant and stable heating temperature; 4. A pop-up window in the central control panel displays "The outside temperature sensor value is abnormal, and the air conditioning has temporarily adapted to its operation," making it convenient for users to visit the store later to replace the sensor.

[0109] Example 17, in another specific embodiment, discloses a minor hardware failure bypass emergency implementation embodiment (such as...). Figure 6 (as shown) Application scenario: In winter, the heater core may become slightly clogged, resulting in poor coolant circulation. Traditional air conditioners may stop outputting heat after detecting the abnormality.

[0110] Example 18, Workflow of this example: 1. The data acquisition module monitors the temperature difference between the hot and cold air and the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet coolant, and determines that the problem is a minor fault with a slight blockage in the heater core. 2. The system switches to bypass emergency working mode, opens the coolant bypass solenoid valve, and increases the overall circulation flow. 3. Fine-tune the compressor's workload and appropriately increase the fan speed to compensate for insufficient heat dissipation and heat exchange; 4. The air conditioner provides stable heating at low power, meeting the basic heating needs of passengers and drivers, and requires no immediate repair.

[0111] Example 19, in another specific embodiment, discloses auxiliary reference table 1: Table 1: Comparison of common air conditioner malfunctions in winter and the self-healing mechanisms of this system

[0112] This invention replaces the traditional fixed threshold with a dynamic low-temperature protection threshold based on multi-dimensional operating conditions; it achieves fault tolerance through multi-sensor data fusion, enabling uninterrupted operation under single-sensor failure; it provides bypass emergency control for minor hardware failures, supporting reduced power usage; it employs gradient preheating for fuel vehicles and a heat pump + PTC coupled heating strategy for new energy vehicles; and it implements human-machine interaction control logic that enables automatic identification of air conditioning soft faults, central control pop-up prompts, and one-click self-healing reset for users.

[0113] This invention relates to the architecture and connection relationships of an adaptive control and fault self-healing system for vehicle air conditioning in winter. It also includes a method for establishing a dynamic low-temperature protection threshold and a multi-condition fusion judgment algorithm for vehicle air conditioning. Furthermore, it covers sensor fault diagnosis, data fusion correction, and fault-tolerant operation methods. Additionally, it describes a bypass loop and power compensation control method for minor hardware faults. Finally, it presents an adaptive control strategy for winter heat pump and PTC coupled gradient heating in new energy vehicles. Finally, it outlines a method for vehicle air conditioning fault self-check classification, pop-up prompts, and one-click self-healing reset control in winter.

[0114] This invention can replace the original multi-dimensional data fusion and judgment logic with an AI neural network model. By training and modeling with massive amounts of real-world winter vehicle operating data, it achieves the same low-temperature adaptive anti-failure control, representing an equivalent technology replacement. This invention eliminates the need for an independent bypass electronically controlled solenoid valve, achieving equivalent bypass flow control through precise adjustment of the coolant flow regulating valve opening, simplifying the structure while maintaining the same function. This invention allows for a self-healing fault-tolerant human-machine interface, changing from a central control pop-up window to voice broadcasting + a dedicated physical button for one-click reset, while maintaining the core control logic and achieving rapid fault self-healing.

[0115] Figure 7 This is a block diagram of an electronic device structure for an adaptive control method for preventing vehicle air conditioning malfunction, provided in one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0116] Example 20, as Figure 7 As shown, the present invention provides an electronic device, including: a processor, a communication interface, a memory, and a communication bus, wherein the processor, the communication interface, and the memory communicate with each other through the communication bus; The memory stores a computer program, which, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to perform the steps of an adaptive control method for preventing vehicle air conditioning malfunction.

[0117] Example 21: The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program executable by an electronic device, which, when run on the electronic device, causes the electronic device to perform the steps of the vehicle air conditioning anti-failure adaptive control method.

[0118] The communication bus mentioned in the above electronic devices can be a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus or an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus, etc. This communication bus can be divided into address bus, data bus, control bus, etc. For ease of illustration, only one thick line is used to represent it in the diagram, but this does not indicate that there is only one bus or one type of bus.

[0119] The electronic device comprises a hardware layer, an operating system layer running on top of the hardware layer, and an application layer running on the operating system. The hardware layer includes hardware such as a central processing unit (CPU), a memory management unit (MMU), and memory. The operating system can be any one or more computer operating systems that control the electronic device through processes, such as Linux, Unix, Android, iOS, or Windows. Furthermore, in this embodiment of the invention, the electronic device can be a smartphone, tablet computer, or other handheld device, or a desktop computer, portable computer, or other electronic device; there is no particular limitation in this embodiment.

[0120] In this embodiment of the invention, the executing entity for electronic device control can be an electronic device itself, or a functional module within an electronic device capable of calling and executing a program. The electronic device can obtain the firmware corresponding to the storage medium. This firmware is provided by the supplier, and different storage media may have the same or different firmware; no limitation is made here. After obtaining the firmware corresponding to the storage medium, the electronic device can write this firmware into the storage medium; specifically, it burns the firmware corresponding to the storage medium into the storage medium. The process of burning the firmware into the storage medium can be implemented using existing technology, and will not be elaborated upon in this embodiment of the invention.

[0121] Electronic devices can also obtain reset commands corresponding to the storage media. The reset commands corresponding to the storage media are provided by the supplier. The reset commands corresponding to different storage media can be the same or different, and no restrictions are imposed here.

[0122] At this time, the storage medium of the electronic device is a storage medium on which the corresponding firmware has been written. The electronic device can respond to the reset command corresponding to the storage medium on which the corresponding firmware has been written, thereby resetting the storage medium on which the corresponding firmware has been written according to the reset command. The process of resetting the storage medium according to the reset command can be implemented by existing technology and will not be described in detail in this embodiment of the invention.

[0123] For ease of description, the above apparatus is described by dividing it into various units and modules according to their functions. Of course, in implementing this invention, the functions of each unit and module can be implemented in one or more software and / or hardware.

[0124] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. It should also be understood that terms such as those defined in general dictionaries should be understood to have the meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art, and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless specifically defined.

[0125] For the sake of simplicity, the method embodiments are described as a series of actions. However, those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the described order of actions, because according to the embodiments of the present invention, some steps can be performed in other orders or simultaneously. Furthermore, those skilled in the art should also understand that the embodiments described in the specification are preferred embodiments, and the actions involved are not necessarily essential to the embodiments of the present invention.

[0126] As can be seen from the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the present invention can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product can be stored in a storage medium, such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in various embodiments or some parts of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0127] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vehicle air conditioning anti-failure adaptive control method, characterized in that, include: Collect data from multiple vehicle sensors; Based on the multi-source sensor data, a start-stop coupled control logic for the heating system is constructed, and a multi-condition ambient temperature reference threshold is pre-stored. The start-stop coupling control logic of the heating system is used to coordinate the joint start-stop timing and interlocking relationship of the compressor, PTC heating component, water circulation pump, and air conditioning duct actuator, providing timing control and interlocking constraints for subsequent heating regulation; The system acquires real-time environmental data of the vehicle and dynamically weakens the constraint of ambient temperature on the start and stop of the heating system based on the ambient temperature benchmark threshold corresponding to the real-time environmental data and the current operating environment, thereby generating a dynamic low-temperature protection threshold. Based on multi-source sensor data, the health status of the heating system is identified. Combined with multiple factors such as the deviation between real-time ambient temperature and dynamic low-temperature protection threshold, coolant temperature, battery temperature, system load and fault level, a corresponding preset heating control adjustment strategy is matched. Based on the start-stop coupling control logic of the heating system, a matching heating control adjustment strategy is executed; Based on the health status of the heating system and the results of the adjustment strategy execution, the self-healing control strategy of the heating system is matched and run.

2. The vehicle air conditioning anti-failure adaptive control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-source sensor data includes at least: vehicle interior and exterior temperatures, coolant temperature, air conditioning pressure, battery temperature, and vehicle speed data; The vehicle interior and exterior temperature and vehicle speed data are used to retrieve the multi-condition ambient temperature reference threshold and participate in the calculation of the dynamic low temperature protection threshold. The coolant temperature and battery temperature are used to determine the basic operating conditions of the heating system. The vehicle interior and exterior temperatures and air conditioning pressure are used to cross-verify sensor values ​​and identify sensor drift or signal communication failures. The coolant temperature and air conditioning pressure are used to determine minor hardware faults such as heater core blockage and refrigerant leakage. The minor hardware fault of the air conditioner is defined as: a fault that does not affect the basic heating function, has no hardware safety fault risk, and only has the effects of reduced system heat exchange efficiency and slight actuator response deviation. Specifically, it includes minor blockage of the heating water tank, minor refrigerant leakage, minor pressure loss in the pipeline, and slight actuator response delay. It can be degraded to normal operation through algorithms and power compensation.

3. The vehicle air conditioning anti-failure adaptive control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of generating the dynamic cryogenic protection threshold includes: A table of baseline thresholds for ambient temperature and vehicle speed is pre-stored, and the ambient temperature baseline threshold corresponding to the current working condition is obtained by looking up the table based on the real-time collected ambient temperature and vehicle speed. Obtain the vehicle start-up time correction factor and heating power correction factor; Multiply the ambient temperature reference threshold, the vehicle start-up time correction factor, and the heating power correction factor together to obtain the dynamic low temperature protection threshold. When the real-time ambient temperature is lower than the dynamic low-temperature protection threshold and falls within the preset extreme cold operating temperature range, the power-limited forced start channel is activated, and the corresponding compressor power limit range is matched according to the floating value of the dynamic low-temperature protection threshold. Limit the compressor's maximum operating power and simultaneously activate the heating components to raise the coolant temperature based on the coolant temperature and battery temperature.

4. The vehicle air conditioning anti-failure adaptive control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The health status of the heating system can be categorized into at least three types: sensor communication hard faults, sensor data drift soft faults, minor air conditioning hardware faults, and irreversible hardware faults. The corresponding heating control adjustment strategies include: Sensor communication hard faults: Based on CAN bus message loss and data exceeding the physical range, a multi-source data conservative value replacement control strategy is adopted. If a hard fault is determined in the sensor communication, a preset conservative safety value is retrieved to replace the faulty sensor data in the calculation. Sensor data drift soft fault: Based on the continuous out-of-tolerance threshold of the target sensor and associated temperature and pressure sensor data, a multi-sensor weighted fusion arbitration control strategy is matched. If a soft fault of sensor data drift is determined, an arbitration value is calculated by weighting the data from the vehicle's interior and exterior temperature sensors and the air conditioning pressure sensor, and the arbitration value is used to replace the original data of the faulty sensor in the control process. Air conditioning hardware failure: Based on the coolant inlet and outlet temperature difference and the system pressure preset time being lower than the healthy range, a coolant bypass shunting combined power compensation control strategy is matched. After identifying a minor hardware fault such as a slight blockage in the heater core, a command is output to open the coolant bypass branch. Simultaneously increase the blower speed and increase the compressor output power to compensate for heat exchange losses; Irreversible hardware failure: Based on compressor stall and circuit short circuit signals, a power-limiting shutdown control strategy for the heating system is matched.

5. The vehicle air conditioning anti-failure adaptive control method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The self-healing control strategy is implemented according to the graded health status of the heating system: For two types of self-healing soft faults, namely sensor data drift soft faults and transient communication hard faults, automatic data compensation or module reset is performed. For minor hardware malfunctions in the air conditioner that cause it to degrade into a lower operating level, the central control panel will display a pop-up window indicating the fault type and provide a one-click reset option. In the event of an irreversible hardware failure, the heating system will be shut down and a maintenance reminder will be sent.

6. The vehicle air conditioning anti-failure adaptive control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heating control adjustment strategy also includes gradient coordinated heating of heat pump and PTC: Real-time acquisition of the heat pump heating efficiency ratio, combined with the external ambient temperature and battery discharge power threshold for comprehensive judgment; When the energy efficiency ratio is lower than the preset threshold, the heat pump load is gradually reduced and the PTC output power is increased. Once the heat pump's energy efficiency recovers, gradually reduce the PTC power until it is shut down.

7. An adaptive control system for preventing vehicle air conditioning malfunction, characterized in that, The vehicle air conditioning anti-failure adaptive control method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the vehicle air conditioning anti-failure adaptive control system includes: a multi-source sensor acquisition module, a working condition fusion analysis module, an adaptive control module, a fault self-diagnosis and self-healing module, a bypass emergency execution module, and a human-machine interaction prompt module, wherein each module interacts with data and control commands through the vehicle CAN bus; The multi-source sensor acquisition module is used to acquire data from multiple vehicle sensors. The operating condition fusion and analysis module is used to construct the start-stop coupled control logic of the heating system, generate dynamic low temperature protection thresholds, distinguish four types of heating system health states based on multi-source sensor data, and match corresponding heating control adjustment strategies. The adaptive control module is used to execute the heating control adjustment strategy and output actuator drive commands; The fault self-diagnosis and self-healing module is used to match and run a self-healing control strategy according to the health status of the heating system. The bypass emergency execution module includes a compressor, a blower, a PTC heater, and a coolant bypass solenoid valve, and is used to receive instructions from the adaptive control module to complete the heating path and power regulation; The human-computer interaction prompt module is used to display fault information and receive manual reset operations from the user.

8. An emergency bypass pipeline for vehicle air conditioning coolant, applied to the vehicle air conditioning anti-failure adaptive control system as described in claim 7, characterized in that, Includes engine coolant main outlet pipe, main flow regulating valve, heater core body, heater core main inlet, heater core main outlet, coolant main return pipe, bypass branch pipe, bypass solenoid valve, and bypass merging interface; The output end of the main coolant outlet pipe is connected to the input end of the main flow regulating valve, the output end of the main flow regulating valve is connected to the main inlet of the heater core, the main inlet of the heater core is connected to the inlet of the heater core body, the outlet of the heater core body is connected to the main outlet of the heater core, and the main outlet of the heater core is connected to the main return pipe of the coolant. The input end of the bypass branch pipe is connected in parallel to the pipeline between the main outlet pipe of the engine coolant and the main flow regulating valve. The output end of the bypass branch pipe is equipped with a bypass solenoid valve, and the output end of the bypass branch pipe is connected to the main return pipe of the coolant through the bypass merging interface. Under normal operating conditions, the bypass electronically controlled solenoid valve is closed, and the coolant forms the main heat exchange circuit through the engine coolant main outlet pipe, the main flow regulating valve, and the heater core body, and only flows into the heater core for heat exchange through the main circuit. When a minor blockage is detected in the heater core based on the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the coolant, the bypass solenoid valve opens, allowing the coolant to bypass the heater core body via the bypass branch pipe and flow into the main coolant return pipe through the bypass merging interface. This, combined with the power compensation strategy, enables emergency heating operation.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: The processor, communication interface, memory, and communication bus are connected, with the processor, communication interface, and memory communicating with each other via the communication bus. The memory stores a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to perform the steps of the vehicle air conditioning anti-malfunction adaptive control method as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, include: The device stores a computer program executable by an electronic device, which, when run on the electronic device, causes the electronic device to perform the steps of the vehicle air conditioning anti-failure adaptive control method as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

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