A power-driven cab pressurization and fresh air system and control method

Abstract

The application discloses a power type cab pressurization fresh air system and a control method, and belongs to the technical field of cab air pressure protection and dust prevention. The technical problem to be solved is that the existing technology has the problems of separate arrangement, complicated disassembly and assembly, lack of integrated closed dust storage bin, inability to realize automatic pressurization and pressure maintenance according to the internal and external pressure difference dynamic speed regulation, insufficient filter precision, easy overpressure of the fan under normal rotation, and poor integration and pressure regulation performance. The technical solution points are as follows: the device comprises a pressurization fan, a front end shell, a negative ion generator, an internal dust storage bin set, a filter element, a controller and connecting pipes, the filter bin, the pressurization bin and the dust storage bin are arranged in the device shell, the device comprises cyclone pre-separation and two-stage filtration of the filter element, the pressurization fan is controlled by the controller to send air to the cab, automatic pressurization and pressure maintenance can be realized, the device has high integration, and the air cleanliness and the comfort of the cab can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of cab air pressure protection and dust prevention technology, specifically to a power-driven cab pressurization and pressure-maintaining fresh air system and control method. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the air pressurization and filtration technology in the cabs of construction machinery both domestically and internationally is limited to air filtration. The methods for purifying the air inside and outside the cab are limited to air conditioning or using an air filter to directly blow filtered air. However, these methods cannot achieve a stable and comfortable air pressure difference between the inside and outside of the cab. Furthermore, given that drivers spend a long time in the cab, the air inevitably becomes stale and has an odor. There are currently no specific designs for dealing with odors in the air.

[0003] Currently, air filtration and pressurization systems for independent cabs typically utilize ordinary air filters. Airflow passes through the main filter element and is directly introduced into the cab's air conditioning system, using an external recirculation mode. Simultaneously, the air is pressurized by the air conditioning compressor. In harsh environments, an air pre-filter is installed at the air filter's inlet. Dirty air first enters the pre-filter, where a vortex forms to pre-separate larger dust particles or debris from the airflow, extending the lifespan of the main filter element. Existing publicly available cab air filtration and pressurization systems are limited to filtering or pressurizing airflow within the cab, lacking technical measures to maintain cabin air pressure during system operation. Low cabin pressure hinders cleanliness, while excessive pressure not only results in significant energy consumption but also poses health risks to the operator inside the cab.

[0004] Existing publicly available cab air filtration and pressurization systems lack real-time monitoring and display capabilities for the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the cab. The entire pressurization and pressurization process remains ambiguous, hindering precise control. Furthermore, the air filter, filter element, and tail cover of these systems are separate units, making maintenance difficult in confined spaces. Current solutions are generally bulky and large in size, and ordinary filters are ineffective at filtering fine particles such as PM2.5, pollen, mold, and some viral aerosols that pose risks to people and precision instruments, failing to meet the cleanliness requirements of an independent cab. Simultaneously, the air conditioning compressor's pressurization effect on the airflow is not only insignificant but also results in high energy consumption. The dual-stage filtration of the air pre-filter and air filter also leads to high initial resistance, requiring the disassembly of multiple components for maintenance, making the process cumbersome and increasing both economic and time costs.

[0005] In summary, there is an urgent need to improve the integration structure, automatic control, applicability, air purification, odor removal, and pressure difference between the inside and outside of the cab, and to optimize the design of a cab-mounted dynamic fresh air boosting and pressure-maintaining filter device and its control method.

[0006] Relevant patent documents retrieved: This patent, published in China (CN204472498U) on July 15, 2025, discloses a filter for an engineering vehicle cab that integrates pressurization, dust removal, and alarm functions. It includes a housing assembly, a filter device, an evaporator fan, a control system, an alarm, a speed regulating element for controlling the evaporator fan speed, and a pressure measuring element for detecting the pressure inside the cab. The filter device comprises a blade ring and a filter element assembly, with the filter element assembly housed within the blade ring. The evaporator fan is located within the filter element assembly. Both the filter device and the evaporator fan are installed within the housing assembly. The housing assembly has a gas inlet, a gas outlet, and a waste collection hopper. The gas outlet is connected to the engineering vehicle cab. The alarm, speed regulating element, and pressure measuring element are all connected to the control system. The pressure measuring element and the alarm are installed inside the engineering vehicle cab. This device integrates pressurization, filtration, and alarm functions into a single unit, resulting in a compact structure that effectively saves space, provides excellent filtration, increases the filter's practicality, and reduces costs.

[0007] This patent, published in China on April 18, 2015 (patent number CN104494399A), discloses a booster device for the cab of engineering machinery, relating to the field of engineering machinery manufacturing technology. It includes a filter and a housing with an air inlet and an air outlet. The filter comprises a primary filter located at the air inlet within the housing and a secondary filter located after the primary filter. The secondary filter divides the internal space of the housing into a first chamber and a second chamber. An automatic dust collector is located at the bottom of the first chamber, and a blower is located in the second chamber. The blower is connected to the cab via the air outlet. Compared with existing technologies, this technology can solve the problems of poor boosting effect and inconvenient maintenance in existing booster systems.

[0008] Relevant non-patent literature retrieved: The journal title is *Engineering Construction and Design*, and the article title is "Research on Optimization Methods for Positive Pressure Cabs of Engineering Machinery," Volume 37, published on August 30, 2024. This article reveals the current state of affairs in the industry: the positive pressure design of cabs for non-road engineering machinery in China is mostly still based on the basic requirement of "meeting a minimum positive pressure of 50Pa." The control logic is mainly simple on / off, lacking dynamic and fine-grained adjustment, and generally focuses on dust protection, with low configuration rates for handling gaseous pollutants and odors. It also cites industry standards such as ISO 10263 and GB / T 19933.4, which can serve as authoritative evidence of the current state of the industry.

[0009] The existing technologies represented by the aforementioned literature suffer from at least the following unresolved technical problems or defects, which severely restrict detection efficiency and reliability, mainly reflected in: 1. CN204472498U collects the internal pressure signal of the cab through a pressure measuring element installed in the cab. The control system adjusts the speed of the evaporator fan based on the pressure signal through the speed regulating element, thereby realizing the internal pressure regulation of the cab. It only collects the absolute pressure inside the cab and does not collect the external environmental pressure. It cannot calculate and intuitively display the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the cab, and does not have the function of maintaining the closed environmental pressure of the cab. It can only realize pressurization operation.

[0010] 2. CN104494399A achieves air intake pressurization through a simple combination of a two-stage filter and a blower. It lacks a cab pressure detection module, making it impossible to obtain the pressure value inside the cab. It cannot provide the driver with intuitive feedback on the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the cab, nor does it have alarm or closed-loop pressure control capabilities. The blower lacks pressure feedback adjustment logic, and the blower output air volume is fixed, unable to be dynamically adjusted according to the actual pressure in the cab, which easily leads to insufficient pressurization or excessive cabin pressure. In addition, the filter, dust removal, and pressurization components are arranged separately, resulting in low integration and a large installation space occupied by the overall structure.

[0011] In summary, in the field of cab air pressure protection and dust prevention technology, existing technologies for fresh air booster devices are characterized by separate installations, cumbersome disassembly and assembly, lack of integrated sealed ash storage bins, inability to dynamically adjust speed based on internal and external pressure differences to achieve automatic pressurization and pressure maintenance, insufficient filter accuracy, and the tendency for constant fan operation to cause overpressure. Furthermore, the integration and pressure control performance are poor. There is an urgent need for a dynamic cab pressurization and pressure maintenance fresh air system and its supporting control method that integrates pre-filtration and fine filtration, has a built-in sealed ash storage bin, facilitates filter disassembly and assembly, can collect real-time internal and external pressure differences and dynamically adjust fan speed, and achieves dynamic balance of automatic pressurization, pressure limiting, and pressure maintenance.

[0012] In solving the above problems or overcoming the above defects, the present invention encountered the following difficulties and obstacles: In designing this technical solution, several integrated structural designs were considered before the final solution, which integrates the ash collection bin, pre-filtration, and fine filtration, was chosen. Furthermore, during logic experiments on pressurization and pressure holding, it was discovered that most cabs on the market do not achieve the ideal sealing condition. Through numerous fine adjustments to the control logic and calibration of air pressure difference range parameters, the optimal pressure holding range, the corresponding fan speed divisions, and the manual operation of the fan were determined. This solution is fully feasible for practical applications and solves current problems. Summary of the Invention

[0013] The purpose of this invention is to provide: A dynamic cab pressurization and pressure-maintaining fresh air system and control method are proposed to overcome the problems of existing technologies, such as the separate installation and cumbersome disassembly of fresh air pressurization devices, the lack of an integrated sealed ash storage bin, the inability to achieve automatic pressurization and pressure maintenance based on dynamic speed adjustment according to the internal and external pressure difference, insufficient filter accuracy, easy overpressure due to constant fan operation, and poor integration and pressure regulation performance. The proposed solution provides a cab fresh air pressurization and pressure maintenance solution that integrates pre-filtration and fine filtration, has a built-in sealed ash storage bin, is easy to disassemble and install, can collect the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the cab in real time and dynamically adjust the fan speed, automatically completes the dynamic balance of pressurization, pressure limiting, and pressure maintenance, has high filtration accuracy, compact and lightweight structure, and high degree of automation.

[0014] Terminology Explanation: Unless otherwise defined, all technical terms herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this subject matter pertains.

[0015] It should be understood that the above brief description and the following detailed description are exemplary and for illustrative purposes only, and do not limit the subject matter of the invention in any way. In this invention, the singular is used in conjunction with the plural unless otherwise specifically stated. It should also be noted that, unless otherwise stated, the use of “or” or “or” means “and / or”. Furthermore, the use of the term “comprising” and other forms such as “including,” “containing,” and “contains” are not limiting.

[0016] The definition of the standard terminology can be found in the reference "Modern Engineering Machinery Design Technology and Application", Chemical Industry Press, edited by Qin Sicheng.

[0017] Unless otherwise stated, conventional methods within the scope of the art, such as welding, shall be used.

[0018] Unless specifically defined herein, the use of all commercially available products herein employs standard techniques. For example, it may be carried out using the manufacturer's instructions for use with the kit, or in accordance with methods known in the art or the description of this invention. The techniques and methods described herein can generally be implemented according to conventional methods well known in the art, based on the descriptions in the various summary and more specific documents cited and discussed in this specification.

[0019] The terms “optional / arbitrary” or “optionally / arbitrarily” mean that the event or situation described below may or may not occur, including both the occurrence and non-occurrence of the event or situation.

[0020] The term "negative ion generator" as used in this article refers to an electronic device that continuously generates negative air ions by ionizing air with high-voltage corona discharge.

[0021] This invention provides a power-driven cab pressurization and pressure-maintaining fresh air system, comprising: a filter element, a front-end housing, a booster fan, an ash storage silo kit, a negative ion generator, and a controller; The front end housing includes a filter chamber, a pressurization chamber, and an ash storage chamber in sequence. The filter chamber contains a filter element, the pressurization chamber contains a pressurization fan and a negative ion generator, and the ash storage chamber contains an ash storage chamber kit. The filter element includes a filter medium and a tail cap. The tail cap is provided with a swirl air inlet, and the outer side of the front end shell of the ash storage bin is provided with an air outlet. The controller is installed inside the cab and is electrically connected to the booster fan and the negative ion generator.

[0022] The term "the front-end housing includes a filter chamber, a pressurization chamber, and an ash storage chamber in sequence" is selected from "functional housing".

[0023] The term "front-end housing includes a filter chamber, a pressurization chamber and an ash storage chamber" is preferably: a multi-cavity housing, a partitioned housing, a segmented integrated housing, or a multi-functional housing.

[0024] Based on further solutions to the technical problems of the present invention, or simultaneous solutions to multiple technical problems, the preferred solution in the technical solution provided in the first aspect of the present invention includes: First preferred option: The front end housing is a hollow barrel-shaped cavity with open ends. One end of the front end housing is an annular flange end face with a central opening, and the other end of the front end housing is a flared annular face. The side wall of the front end housing of the annular flange end face is provided with an air outlet, which is welded and fixed to the front end housing or connected by fasteners. The annular flange end face is provided with a fan fixing flange, and the fan fixing flange is provided with studs. The studs are fixed to the fan fixing flange by riveting or welding.

[0025] This technical solution not only solved the technical problems of "difficulty in assembling and positioning the booster fan and the front-end casing, and insufficient stability of the fan installation and fixing", but also solved the technical problems of "poor sealing of the casing air outlet channel assembly, cumbersome separate connection structure between the casing and the fan, and low integration of the whole machine".

[0026] Second preferred option: An air-guiding annular baffle is provided in the inner cavity of the fan fixing flange near the front end housing. The air-guiding annular baffle includes an arc-shaped outward flange. The radius of the rounded corner of the inner ring guide hole of the arc-shaped outward flange is 3-10mm, and the circumference of the inner ring guide hole is 180-750mm. The arc-shaped outward flange extends into the inner cavity of the booster fan 250. The air guide annular baffle is connected to the sealing strip, the tail end of the sealing strip is conical, and both the fan fixing flange and the air guide annular baffle adopt a flat-top conical structure.

[0027] This technical solution not only solved the technical problems of "turbulent airflow in the fan intake, large eddy current loss, and low air supply and pressurization efficiency", but also further solved the technical problems of "poor sealing between the flange and the guide structure, airflow leakage, large pressure loss, and poor pressure holding effect in the cab".

[0028] Third preferred option: The flared annular end of the front housing is provided with an annular groove, which is annular and has a sealing ring. A spring buckle is welded to the surface of the front housing outside the annular groove. The inner diameter of the annular groove is 466-2300mm. The sealing ring is an annular integrally formed sealing ring gasket. The sealing ring is fixed to the side wall of the front housing by adhesive or fasteners. The front housing and the filter element are connected by snap-fit.

[0029] This technical solution not only solved the technical problems of "poor sealing between the front shell and the filter element, and dust easily seeping into the chamber through assembly gaps", but also solved the technical problems of "cumbersome filter element disassembly and assembly steps, time-consuming disassembly and assembly of split filter components, and inconvenient maintenance operations in a small space".

[0030] Fourth preferred option: The filter element is a circular ring, an elliptical ring, or an irregular columnar body; The filter element includes a filter medium and a tail cap, which are an integral structure. The rear end of the filter element is a ring-shaped sealing ring cast with PU resin, and the top of the sealing ring is a compressible sealing strip. The cross-section of the compressible sealing strip is an isosceles triangle, and the included angle between the two sides of the cross-section of the compressible sealing strip is 30°-75°. The filter medium is held by an outer support mesh and an inner support mesh, respectively, and the mesh of the support mesh is a regular rectangle or rhombus. The tail cover has a swirl air inlet, which is evenly distributed around the circumference of the tail cover. The swirl air inlet is an arc-shaped static curved surface. The interior of the swirl air inlet is a swirl blade. The radius of curvature of the swirl air inlet is about 0.1 times the diameter of the front shell. The angle between the swirl blade and the tail cover is 15°-55°. The tail cap 110 has a ring handle fixed in the center with bolts or glue, and the inner side of the tail cap 110 has a ring-shaped radial spatial structure.

[0031] This technical solution not only solves the technical problems of "failure of sealing between filter element and housing, dust leakage, poor pre-filtration and separation effect, and inability to collect large dust particles", but also further solves the technical problems of "insufficient structural strength of filter element, easy deformation, inconvenient disassembly and handling, limited filter material compatibility, and cumbersome maintenance and replacement operations".

[0032] Fifth preferred option: One end of the ash storage bin kit is fixedly connected to one end of the filter element, and the other end of the ash storage bin kit is connected to the interior of the front end housing; The ash storage hopper kit is a flexible annular stepped structure. The ash storage hopper kit has a fan-shaped opening along the plane. The ash storage hopper kit and the outer edge of the annular air guide baffle form the ash storage hopper.

[0033] This technical solution not only solves the technical problem of "no independent storage space for dust after filtration and separation, and dust backflow causing secondary pollution of the filter element", but also solves the technical problem of "traditional equipment lacks an integrated sealed dust storage structure, and dust is scattered in the inner cavity of the shell, which greatly shortens the service life of the filter element and increases the frequency of maintenance".

[0034] Sixth preferred option: The booster fan includes a DC brushless motor, a centrifugal impeller, and a fan mounting plate; The booster fan is fixed to the end face of the fan mounting flange on the front housing by a fan fixing plate. The booster fan is a DC brushless centrifugal fan with a speed of 800-3500 r / min, a working voltage of DC 6V-48V, a rated air volume of 120-800 m³ / h, and a wind pressure of 0-750 Pa.

[0035] This technical solution not only solves the technical problem that "traditional booster fans operate at constant speed continuously, resulting in high energy consumption and noise, and cannot meet the multi-level differential pressure speed regulation requirements of engineering machinery," but also further solves the technical problem that "existing fans have a narrow voltage compatibility range and fixed air volume and pressure, making it difficult to match the positive pressure maintenance conditions of engineering cabs of different tonnages, resulting in poor versatility."

[0036] Seventh preferred option: The negative ion generator is fixed on the inner wall of the cavity between the air guide ring baffle and the fan fixing flange. The negative ion generator adopts a dual-outlet carbon brush structure, and the dual-outlet carbon brushes are fixed inside the air outlet.

[0037] This technical solution not only addresses the technical problem that "the fresh air in the driver's cab can only filter dust and cannot remove odors or inhibit airborne bacteria, resulting in a single air purification effect," but also further solves the technical problem that "the external installation of the negative ion device occupies space, the ion release path is short, and negative ions cannot be evenly delivered to the driver's cab with the fresh air, resulting in poor purification coverage."

[0038] Eighth preferred option: The controller includes a front cover, a rear cover, a main circuit board, an external air pressure collection pipe for the cab, a power cord for the booster fan / negative ion generator, and a power cord for the controller. The front cover is provided with a display window, an indicator light window, and a manual button window; The rear cover is equipped with a control mode selection switch, a buzzer volume knob, an audio playback port, and a driver's cab internal air pressure acquisition port. The controller's housing is equipped with an external pressure acquisition interface for the driver's cab, a controller power cord, and a power cord for the booster fan / negative ion generator. The controller has a main circuit board inside, which includes an atmospheric pressure acquisition module, a control module, a warning light, a display screen, a buzzer, a manual button, and a buzzer alarm volume adjustment knob.

[0039] This technical solution addresses the technical issues of "only being able to monitor the pressure inside the cab, unable to simultaneously collect the pressure difference between inside and outside, lacking visual operation and status prompt functions, and having poor human-machine interaction." It further solves the technical problems of "low controller integration, messy wiring layout, lack of supporting components for pressure warning, mode switching, and volume adjustment, inability to coordinate the control of the fan and negative ion generator, and insufficient automated control capabilities."

[0040] Secondly, the present invention provides: a method for controlling pressurized and pressure-maintaining fresh air in a powered cab, applied to the aforementioned pressurized and pressure-maintaining fresh air system in a powered cab, comprising: S1. The controller is powered on, the indicator light is on, initialization is performed, and the display screen shows the air pressure inside and outside the driver's cab collected by the controller. After the initialization is completed, the indicator light goes out. S2. Switch between three system modes: automatic, manual, and off by toggling the control mode. In automatic mode, the booster fan and negative ion generator start directly upon power-up. In manual mode, the device needs to be started by pressing the manual button. S3. The display screen shows the internal and external air pressure difference in real time. After N minutes, if the internal and external air pressure difference is lower than the preset value A, the system will stop and sound and light alarms will be triggered. If the internal and external air pressure difference is greater than A, the system will enter normal working state. S4. Under normal system operation, the controller presets the air pressure difference value, the percentage of the rated speed of the fan, and the number of speed adjustment ranges. The controller automatically adjusts the speed of the booster fan based on the real-time pressure difference. The preset air pressure difference value, the percentage of the rated speed of the fan, and the number of speed adjustment ranges can be adjusted according to the actual working conditions. When the booster fan is powered on, the negative ion generator works synchronously. S5. The full-speed mode of the blower can be selected. In the full-speed mode of the blower, the speed of the booster blower is not adjusted or controlled by the controller. S6. Under normal operating conditions, if the differential pressure drops below the preset threshold percentage a within M seconds, the system will shut down and issue an audible and visual alarm. The system can only be restarted by pressing the manual button. The parameters M and a are adjusted according to the actual operating conditions.

[0041] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: 1. Compared with the prior art, the present invention has better technical effects in terms of overall integrated layout, space occupation, and ease of disassembly and maintenance.

[0042] Based on the analysis of the working principle, this invention integrates the pre-filtration and fine filtration structures into one unit, reducing the overall size of the device. At the same time, it adopts an integrated filter element assembly structure with a snap-fit ​​and the handle at the top of the filter element. The filter element can be pulled out as a whole for cleaning and replacement simply by loosening the snap-fit, without the need to disassemble multiple separate filter components. This greatly improves space utilization, makes the equipment lightweight, and simplifies one-handed blind maintenance operations in confined spaces. The integrated pre-filtration structure can also intercept large dust particles in advance, effectively extending the service life of the main filter element and reducing equipment operation and maintenance costs.

[0043] 2. Compared with the prior art, the present invention has better technical effects in terms of automatic control of cab pressure and precision of coordinated control of filtration and pressurization.

[0044] Based on the analysis of its working principle, this invention uses a controller equipped with dual internal and external differential pressure sensors to collect the pressure difference between the cab and the outside in real time. Referring to the 50-200Pa pressure difference range of the ISO10263-3:2009 standard, the fan speed is adjusted in segments. It can be set to automatically stop when the pressure difference exceeds 200Pa and restart and boost pressure when the pressure difference drops to match the corresponding gear, thus achieving dynamic balance and automatic pressure maintenance. Unlike the traditional solution that only monitors the cabin pressure and keeps the fan running at a constant speed, this invention avoids the cabin pressure from exceeding the standard, stably maintains a slightly positive pressure in the cab to prevent the backflow of dirty air from the outside, and simultaneously improves the air cleanliness inside the cabin and the comfort of the driver and passengers.

[0045] 3. Compared with the prior art, the present invention has better technical effects in terms of working condition adaptability and filter element universal adaptability.

[0046] Based on the analysis of the working principle, this invention adopts a wide-voltage DC brushless centrifugal booster fan, combined with multi-stage intelligent speed regulation logic, resulting in fast booster response, lower operating noise, and lower overall power consumption. The filter element adopts a deep-folded paper ring cylinder integrated structure with internal and external support mesh, which is compatible with various filter materials such as glass fiber, synthetic fiber, activated carbon, and nano silver. It can flexibly change the filter media according to different dust conditions in mining, engineering, and sanitation, making the equipment more adaptable to a wider range of scenarios and taking into account multiple needs such as high-pressure dust removal, odor adsorption, and antibacterial purification. Attached Figure Description

[0047] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is an exploded view of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a frontal cross-sectional view of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the front housing; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the filter element structure; Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the filter element; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the tail cap structure; Figure 9 This is a magnified view of a portion of the swirl inlet. Figure 10 This is a structural diagram of an ash storage silo kit; Figure 11 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the ash storage silo; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the booster fan structure; Figure 13 This is a top view of the booster fan; Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the controller structure; Figure 15 This is a front view of the controller; Figure 16 This is a front view of the main circuit board. Figure 17 Rear view of the main circuit board; Figure 18 A schematic diagram of the main circuit board; Figure 19 This is a simplified schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 20A schematic diagram of the cylindrical origami filter element structure and airflow filtration using deep origami technology; Figure 21 This is the control logic diagram for the controller.

[0048] Figure Labels 100. Filter element; 110. Tail cap; 120. Swirl air inlet; 121. Swirl blades; 130. Annular handle; 140. Filter media; 141. Inner support mesh; 142. Outer support mesh; 143. Sealing strip; 144. Ash storage bin; 200. Front housing; 210. Buckle; 220. Ash storage bin kit; 221. Ash storage bin kit limiting protrusion; 222. Limiting structure; 223. Ash inlet. 224. Outer ring surface; 225. Sealing surface; 230. Air guide ring baffle; 231. Arc-shaped outward flange; 240. Fan mounting flange; 250. Booster fan; 251. DC brushless motor; 252. Centrifugal impeller; 253. Booster fan power interface; 254. Fan mounting plate; 255. Welding nut; 260. Air outlet; 300. Sealing ring; 400. Negative ion generator Device; 500, Controller; 501, Front Cover; 502, Rear Cover; 503, Main Circuit Board; 510, Manual Button Window; 5101, Manual Button; 511, Switch Indicator; 512, Alarm Silent Indicator; 513, Display Screen Window; 5131, Display Screen; 514, Indicator Light Window; 5141, Warning Light; 515, External Pressure Acquisition Interface for Cab; 516, External Air Pressure Acquisition Pipe for Cab; 517, Cable Fastening Nut; 518, Power Cord for Booster Fan / Negative Ion Generator; 519, Controller Power Cord; 520, Control Mode Selection Switch Port; 5201, Switch; 521, Buzzer Volume Knob Port; 5211, Buzzer Alarm Volume Adjustment Knob; 522, Audio Playback and Internal Air Pressure Acquisition Port for Cab; 5221, Buzzer; 5222, Atmospheric Pressure Acquisition Module. Detailed Implementation

[0049] The following non-limiting embodiments are intended to enable those skilled in the art to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the present invention, but do not limit the invention in any way. The following content is merely an exemplary description of the scope of protection claimed by the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention based on the disclosed content, and such changes should also fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

[0050] The present invention will be further described below by way of specific embodiments. Unless otherwise specified, all instruments, devices, equipment, reagents, products, etc., used in the embodiments of the present invention are obtained through conventional commercial means.

[0051] Example 1 This embodiment provides a powered cab pressurization and pressure-maintaining fresh air system, such as... Figures 1 to 4 As shown, it includes: filter element 100, front housing 200, booster fan 250, ash storage bin kit 220, negative ion generator 400, controller 500 and air outlet 260. like Figure 5 As shown, the front housing 200 includes a filter chamber, a pressurization chamber and an ash storage chamber. The filter chamber is equipped with a filter element 100. The pressurization chamber is equipped with a pressurizing fan 250 and a negative ion generator 400. The ash storage chamber is equipped with an ash storage chamber kit 220. The pressurizing fan 250 is connected to a welding nut 255, which is used to fix the fan and the fan fixing flange. The negative ion generator 400 is fixed inside the front housing 200. A horizontally or vertically downward filter element 100 is installed inside the front housing 200. One end of the filter element 100 is fixed by a buckle 210, and the other end of the filter element 100 is fixed to the ash storage bin kit 220. The negative ion generator 400 is electrically connected to the controller 500, which automatically controls the opening and closing of the negative ion generator 400. The booster fan 250 is electrically connected to the controller 500. The controller 500 is installed inside the cab and automatically controls the negative ion generator 400 and the booster fan 250 by automatically collecting data on changes in air pressure inside the cab and the difference between the air pressure inside and outside.

[0052] The front housing 200 is a hollow barrel-shaped cavity with open ends. One end is an annular flange end face with a central opening. The side wall of the front housing 200 with the annular flange end face is provided with an air outlet 260. The other end is a flared annular face with an end face sealing strip, which serves as an air inlet. The air outlet 260 is welded to the front housing 200 or connected by fasteners such as bolts. The side wall of the air inlet end of the front housing 200 is welded with a buckle 210. The air outlet end of the front housing 200 is provided with a fan fixing flange 240. There are outward-facing studs around the inner hole of the end face of the fan fixing flange 240. The studs are fixed to the fan fixing flange 240 by riveting or welding. An air-guiding annular baffle 230 is provided near the inner cavity of the front housing 200 of the fan fixed flange 240. The air-guiding annular baffle 230 includes an arc-shaped outward flange 231. The radius of the rounded corner of the inner ring guide hole of the arc-shaped outward flange 231 is 3-10mm, and the circumference of the inner ring guide hole is 180-750mm. The arc-shaped outward flange 231 extends into the inner cavity of the centrifugal impeller 252 of the booster fan 250, which greatly reduces resistance and noise. The air guide annular baffle 230 is connected to the sealing strip 143 with a tapered tail end to achieve a reliable sealing function through axial sealing. Both the fan fixing flange 240 and the air guide annular baffle 230 adopt a flat-top tapered structure, which not only compresses the air pressurization chamber space and improves the pressurization efficiency, but also improves its own structural strength.

[0053] The air inlet end of the front housing 200 is provided with an annular groove with a sealing ring 300. The inner diameter of the annular groove is 466-2300mm. The sealing ring 300 is an annular one-piece molded sealing ring gasket made of PU foam or TPE soft rubber sealing ring gasket. The sealing ring 300 is fixed to the platform on the side wall of the front housing 200 by adhesive or fasteners. A spring clip 210 is welded to the surface of the front housing 200 outside the annular groove. When the filter element 100 is installed inside the front housing 200, the clip 210 is embedded in the annular groove to fix the filter element 100.

[0054] like Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the filter element 100 is a circular ring, an elliptical ring, or an irregular columnar body. The filter element 100 is an integral annular filter medium 140 and a plastic tail cap 110. The rear end is a ring-shaped sealing ring cast with PU glue. The top of the sealing ring is a compressible sealing strip 143 with an isosceles triangle cross-section. The included angle between the two sides of the cross-section of the sealing strip 143 is 30°-75°. The filter element 100 integrates the annular filter medium 140 and the plastic tail cap 110, which not only saves space but also facilitates later maintenance. The annular filter medium 140 is held by an outer support net 141 and an inner support net 142, respectively. The mesh of the support net is a regular rectangle or rhombus. like Figure 8 As shown, the tail cover 110 has swirling air inlets 120 evenly distributed along the circumference. The swirling air inlets 120 are arc-shaped static curved surfaces, such as... Figure 9 As shown, the interior of the swirl inlet 120 has a swirl blade 121 structure. The radius of curvature of the swirl inlet 120 is about 0.1 times the diameter of the front housing 200. The angle between the swirl blade 121 and the tail cover 110 is 15°-55°. The swirl inlet 120 rotates the airflow entering the filter device at high speed. The centrifugal force generated can pre-filter large dust particles in the airflow, thereby extending the life of the filter element.

[0055] The filter element 100 includes an outward-facing dirty surface and a corresponding inward-facing clean surface. Air that has been pre-filtered by the swirl inlet 120 enters the main filter element from the dirty surface of the filter element 100. After being filtered by the main filter element, the filtered clean air enters the pressurization chamber from the clean surface of the filter element 100. The air is pressurized in the inner cavity of the centrifugal impeller 252 of the pressurization fan 250. After the airflow is pressurized, it is discharged from the outlet 260 next to the pressurization chamber. The pre-filtered dust enters the dust storage bin 144 for storage. The filter element 100 has a ring handle 130 fixed in the center of the tail cap 110 with bolts or glue, which makes it easy to replace the filter element by hand. The inner side of the tail cap 110 has a ring-shaped radial space structure to reduce the weight of the tail cap 110 and increase its strength.

[0056] like Figure 10As shown, the ash storage bin kit 220 has an annular stepped structure and is made of elastic material. A fan-shaped opening is designed on the outer edge plane as the dust inlet. The side wall of the fan-shaped opening is provided with a ash storage bin kit limiting protrusion 221. The ash storage bin kit limiting protrusion 221, together with the inner wall of the arc-shaped outward flange 231, leaves a small gap to allow air swirling inside the ash storage bin, which serves as an air cut-off function inside the ash storage bin, thereby allowing dust to settle inside the ash storage bin. The ash storage bin kit 220 is fixed to the end platform of the filter element 100 by its own elasticity and installed inside the front housing 200. like Figure 11 As shown, the ash storage bin kit 220 and the annular outer edge of the air guide ring baffle 230 inside the front housing 200 form an ash storage bin 144.

[0057] like Figure 12 and Figure 13 As shown, the booster fan 250 includes a DC brushless motor 251, a centrifugal impeller 252, a booster fan power interface 253, and a fan mounting plate 254. The booster fan 250 is fixed to the end face of the fan mounting flange 240 on the front housing 200 through the fan mounting plate 254. The 250 booster fan is a DC brushless centrifugal fan with a speed of 800-3500 r / min, a working voltage of DC 6V-48V, a rated air volume of 120-800 m³ / h, and a wind pressure of 0-750 Pa.

[0058] The negative ion generator 400 is fixed on the inner wall of the cavity between the air guide ring baffle 230 and the fan fixing flange 240. The negative ion generator 400 adopts a dual-outlet carbon brush structure, and the dual-outlet carbon brush is fixed inside the air outlet 260.

[0059] like Figure 14 and Figure 15 As shown, the controller 500 includes a front cover 501, a rear cover 502, a main circuit board 503, an external air pressure collection pipe 516 for the cab, a power cord 518 for the booster fan / negative ion generator, and a power cord 519 for the controller. The front cover 501 is equipped with a switch indicator 511, an alarm mute indicator 512, a display window 513, an indicator light window 514, and a manual button window 510; The rear cover 502 has a control mode selection switch 520, a buzzer volume knob 521, and an audio playback and cab air pressure acquisition port 522. The controller 500 housing is equipped with an outdoor pressure acquisition interface 515, a controller power cord 519, and a booster fan / negative ion generator power cord 518. The controller power cord 519 and the booster fan / negative ion generator power cord 518 are connected to the controller 500 through a cable fastening nut 517. like Figures 16 to 18As shown, the controller 500 has a main circuit board 503, which includes an atmospheric pressure acquisition module 5222, a control module, an alarm light 5141, a display screen 5131, a buzzer 5221, a manual button 5101, a switch 5201, and a buzzer alarm volume adjustment knob 5211.

[0060] like Figure 19 As shown, dirty air enters the circumferentially distributed air inlet with swirl blades on the filter element tail cover along arrow 10 and from the direction of arrow 11, forming a rotating airflow. The centrifugal force generated by the rotating airflow is used to achieve the initial separation of snowflakes, raindrops and larger dust particles. The separated dust particles are pushed by the rotating airflow and accumulate in the dust collection bin 144 at the front end of the filter element. Cleaning or replacing the filter element involves cleaning out the accumulated dust in the dust collection bin 144. The pre-filtered air enters the dirty surface of the main filter medium 140 in the direction of arrow 12 for further filtration by the main filter.

[0061] Air entering from the dirty side of the main filter medium 140 is finely filtered by the filter medium, removing fine impurities such as dust, bacteria, viruses, and pollen, and then leaves the clean side of the main filter medium. The clean air enters the inner cavity of the booster fan impeller 252 from the guide hole in the direction of arrow 13. The centrifugal force generated by the centrifugal impeller 252 of the high-speed rotating booster fan 250 converts the axial air intake in the direction of arrow 13 into radial exhaust, so that the air is drawn in and pressurized and discharged from the air outlet 260 in the direction of arrow 14, and then fed into the cab through a pipeline. A filter screen can be installed on the air inlet of the centrifugal impeller cavity of the fan to provide secondary protection for the fan. The booster fan 250 is electrically connected to the controller 500, and the controller 500 adjusts the speed of the booster fan 250 to achieve automatic boosting and pressure holding functions. The controller 500 obtains the atmospheric pressure inside and outside the cab through outdoor and indoor pressure sensors. By converting the calculated real-time pressure difference into a control signal, it regulates the speed of the booster fan 250 to supply clean air to the cab, automatically realizing the booster and pressure maintenance functions inside the cab.

[0062] Example 2 This embodiment provides the structure of the filter medium 140 in a power cab pressurization and pressure-maintaining fresh air system.

[0063] like Figure 20 As shown, the filter medium 140 employs deep folding technology, with a folding height of approximately 15mm-50mm, significantly exceeding the folding depth of ordinary fresh air filters. This increases the surface area of ​​the filter medium, reduces the initial resistance of the filter element 100, and also increases the dust holding capacity of the filter element. Figure 10As shown, the air to be filtered enters the dirty end of the filter medium 140 through arrow 12, and the filtered clean air enters the clean surface channel of the filter element 100 in the direction of arrow 13, preparing to enter the inner cavity of the booster fan 250 through the inner hole of the air guide ring 230.

[0064] Example 3 This embodiment provides the structure of a ash storage hopper kit 220 in a power cab pressurization and pressure-maintaining fresh air system.

[0065] like Figure 11 As shown, when the ash storage bin kit 220 is fitted onto the front end of the filter element 100 using an EPDM or SR soft rubber septum integrally molded by injection molding, the sealing surface 225 adheres to the outer ring surface of the filter medium 140 sealed by PU glue at the front end of the filter element 100, forming an inner sealing structure. After the filter element 100 is installed, the outer ring surface 224 of the ash storage bin kit 220 is attached back to the inner surface of the front housing 200 to form an external sealing structure, thereby forming a semi-open ash storage bin 144 together with the inner surface of the front housing 200 and the side of the air guide annular baffle 230.

[0066] Large dust particles pre-separated by the rotating airflow are propelled by the airflow and enter the ash storage bin 144 through the ash inlet 223. Under the obstruction of the ash storage bin kit limiting protrusion 221, the dust is gradually stored in the ash storage bin.

[0067] The ash storage bin kit 220 also has a limiting structure 222, which is used to ensure that the sleeve is correctly positioned when it is fitted to the front end of the filter element 100, so that the outer ring surface 224 and the sealing surface 225 are parallel to the filter element axis, ensuring the airtightness of the ash storage bin and preventing dust from overflowing from the ash storage bin and causing secondary pollution.

[0068] Example 4 This embodiment provides a power-driven cab pressurization and pressure-maintaining fresh air system, in a cab with an internal space of 2.2m³.

[0069] Using this device, the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the cab increases from 0 to 150Pa in just 4.2 seconds. When the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the cab is maintained at 150-180Pa, the motor speed range is 800-1200r / min, and the noise from the air outlet is ≤58db.

[0070] Example 5 This embodiment provides a method for controlling the pressurization and pressure maintenance of fresh air in a powered cab, such as... Figure 21 As shown.

[0071] S1. After the controller 500 is powered on, the indicator light will illuminate and the initialization process will begin. It will automatically collect the air pressure difference between the driver's cab and the outside air pressure, and the display screen will show the air pressure difference between the driver's cab and the outside air pressure. After the initialization is complete, the indicator light will turn off.

[0072] S2. Select automatic working mode, manual working mode, or system shutdown by toggling the switch 5201 inside the control mode selection switch 520. In automatic mode, the booster fan 250 and negative ion generator 400 start directly after the controller is powered on. In manual mode, the booster fan 250 and negative ion generator 400 start directly after the controller is powered on by pressing the manual button 5101 inside the manual button window 510.

[0073] S3. The display screen 5131 in the display window 513 displays the air pressure difference between the driver's cab and the outside in real time. If the air pressure difference between the driver's cab and the outside is lower than the preset air pressure difference value A after N minutes, the booster fan 250 and the negative ion generator 400 will stop running, the warning light 5141 will light up, and the buzzer 5221 will sound. After pressing the reset button to restart, if the air pressure difference between the driver's cab and the outside is greater than the preset air pressure difference value A after N minutes, the entire system will enter the normal working state.

[0074] S4. Under normal operating conditions, the controller 500 automatically adjusts the speed of the booster fan 250 based on the real-time air pressure difference between the driver's cab and the outside displayed on the screen 5131. The number of adjustment intervals can be set as needed. When the real-time air pressure difference between the driver's cab and the outside displayed on the screen 5131 is B Pa, the booster fan 250 speed is b of its rated speed; when the air pressure difference is C Pa, the booster fan 250 speed is c of its rated speed; when the air pressure difference is D Pa, the booster fan 250 speed is d of its rated speed; when the air pressure difference is E Pa, the booster fan 250 speed is e of its rated speed; when the air pressure difference is F Pa, the booster fan 250 speed is f of its rated speed; when the real-time air pressure difference displayed on the screen 5131 is greater than G... Pa indicates the fan stops. B, C, D, E, F, and G are preset air pressure difference values, while b, c, d, e, and f are percentages of the set rated fan speed. The preset air pressure difference values, intervals, and corresponding percentages of the rated fan speed can vary depending on the specific application.

[0075] S5 allows you to select a mode where the booster fan 250 always runs at full speed during operation, and the fan speed is not affected by the controller 500.

[0076] S6. Under normal operating conditions: If the pressure difference between the cab and the outside displayed on the screen 5131 drops to below a percentage of H within M seconds, the booster fan 250 will stop, the warning light 5141 will light up, and the buzzer 5221 will sound. The system needs to be restarted by pressing the manual button 5101.

[0077] S7. As long as the booster fan 250 is powered on, the negative ion generator 400 will operate normally.

[0078] The above specific embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to examples, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A power-driven cab pressurization and pressure-maintaining fresh air system, characterized in that, include: Filter element, front end housing, booster fan, ash storage silo kit, negative ion generator, controller; The front end housing includes a filter chamber, a pressurization chamber, and an ash storage chamber in sequence. The filter chamber contains a filter element, the pressurization chamber contains a pressurization fan and a negative ion generator, and the ash storage chamber contains an ash storage chamber kit. The filter element includes a filter medium and a tail cap. The tail cap is provided with a swirl air inlet, and the outer side of the front end shell of the ash storage bin is provided with an air outlet. The controller is installed inside the cab and is electrically connected to the booster fan and the negative ion generator.

2. The power-operated cab pressurization and pressure-maintaining fresh air system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The front end housing is a hollow barrel-shaped cavity with open ends. One end of the front end housing is an annular flange end face with a central opening, and the other end of the front end housing is a flared annular face. The side wall of the front end housing of the annular flange end face is provided with an air outlet, which is welded and fixed to the front end housing or connected by fasteners. The annular flange end face is provided with a fan fixing flange, and the fan fixing flange is provided with studs. The studs are fixed to the fan fixing flange by riveting or welding.

3. The power-operated cab pressurization and pressure-maintaining fresh air system according to claim 2, characterized in that, An air-guiding annular baffle is provided in the inner cavity of the fan fixing flange near the front end housing. The air-guiding annular baffle includes an arc-shaped outward flange. The radius of the rounded corner of the inner ring guide hole of the arc-shaped outward flange is 3-10mm, and the circumference of the inner ring guide hole is 180-750mm. The arc-shaped outward flange extends into the inner cavity of the booster fan 250. The air guide annular baffle is connected to the sealing strip, the tail end of the sealing strip is conical, and both the fan fixing flange and the air guide annular baffle adopt a flat-top conical structure.

4. The power-operated cab pressurization and pressure-maintaining fresh air system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The flared annular end of the front housing is provided with an annular groove, which is annular and has a sealing ring. A spring buckle is welded to the surface of the front housing outside the annular groove. The inner diameter of the annular groove is 466-2300mm. The sealing ring is an annular integrally formed sealing ring gasket. The sealing ring is fixed to the side wall of the front housing by adhesive or fasteners. The front housing and the filter element are connected by snap-fit.

5. The power-operated cab pressurization and pressure-maintaining fresh air system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The filter element is a circular ring, an elliptical ring, or an irregular columnar body; The filter element includes a filter medium and a tail cap, which are an integral structure. The rear end of the filter element is a ring-shaped sealing ring cast with PU resin, and the top of the sealing ring is a compressible sealing strip. The cross-section of the compressible sealing strip is an isosceles triangle, and the included angle between the two sides of the cross-section of the compressible sealing strip is 30°-75°. The filter medium is held by an outer support mesh and an inner support mesh, respectively, and the mesh of the support mesh is a regular rectangle or rhombus. The tail cover has a swirl air inlet, which is evenly distributed around the circumference of the tail cover. The swirl air inlet is an arc-shaped static curved surface. The interior of the swirl air inlet is a swirl blade. The radius of curvature of the swirl air inlet is about 0.1 times the diameter of the front shell. The angle between the swirl blade and the tail cover is 15°-55°. The tail cap 110 has a ring handle fixed in the center with bolts or glue, and the inner side of the tail cap 110 has a ring-shaped radial spatial structure.

6. The power-operated cab pressurization and pressure-maintaining fresh air system according to claim 1, characterized in that, One end of the ash storage bin kit is fixedly connected to one end of the filter element, and the other end of the ash storage bin kit is connected to the interior of the front end housing; The ash storage hopper kit is a flexible annular stepped structure. The ash storage hopper kit has a fan-shaped opening along the plane. The ash storage hopper kit and the outer edge of the annular air guide baffle form the ash storage hopper.

7. The power-operated cab pressurization and pressure-maintaining fresh air system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The booster fan includes a DC brushless motor, a centrifugal impeller, and a fan mounting plate; The booster fan is fixed to the end face of the fan mounting flange on the front housing by a fan fixing plate. The booster fan is a DC brushless centrifugal fan with a speed of 800-3500 r / min, a working voltage of DC 6V-48V, a rated air volume of 120-800 m³ / h, and a wind pressure of 0-750 Pa.

8. The power-operated cab pressurization and pressure-maintaining fresh air system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The negative ion generator is fixed on the inner wall of the cavity between the air guide ring baffle and the fan fixing flange. The negative ion generator adopts a dual-outlet carbon brush structure, and the dual-outlet carbon brushes are fixed inside the air outlet.

9. The power-operated cab pressurization and pressure-maintaining fresh air system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The controller includes a front cover, a rear cover, a main circuit board, an external air pressure collection pipe for the cab, a power cord for the booster fan / negative ion generator, and a power cord for the controller. The front cover is provided with a display window, an indicator light window, and a manual button window; The rear cover is equipped with a control mode selection switch, a buzzer volume knob, an audio playback port, and a driver's cab internal air pressure acquisition port. The controller's housing is equipped with an external pressure acquisition interface for the driver's cab, a controller power cord, and a power cord for the booster fan / negative ion generator. The controller has a main circuit board inside, which includes an atmospheric pressure acquisition module, a control module, a warning light, a display screen, a buzzer, a manual button, and a buzzer alarm volume adjustment knob.

10. A method for controlling pressurized and pressure-maintaining fresh air in a powered cab, applied to the pressurized and pressure-maintaining fresh air system of any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, include: S1. The controller is powered on, the indicator light is on, initialization is performed, and the display screen shows the air pressure inside and outside the driver's cab collected by the controller. After the initialization is completed, the indicator light goes out. S2. Switch between three system modes: automatic, manual, and off by toggling the control mode. In automatic mode, the booster fan and negative ion generator start directly upon power-up. In manual mode, the device needs to be started by pressing the manual button. S3. The display screen shows the internal and external air pressure difference in real time. After N minutes, if the internal and external air pressure difference is lower than the preset value A, the system will stop and sound and light alarms will be triggered. If the internal and external air pressure difference is greater than A, the system will enter normal working state. S4. Under normal system operation, the controller presets the air pressure difference value, the percentage of the rated speed of the fan, and the number of speed adjustment ranges. The controller automatically adjusts the speed of the booster fan based on the real-time pressure difference. The preset air pressure difference value, the percentage of the rated speed of the fan, and the number of speed adjustment ranges can be adjusted according to the actual working conditions. When the booster fan is powered on, the negative ion generator works synchronously. S5. The full-speed mode of the blower can be selected. In the full-speed mode of the blower, the speed of the booster blower is not adjusted or controlled by the controller. S6. Under normal operating conditions, if the differential pressure drops below the preset threshold percentage a within M seconds, the system will shut down and issue an audible and visual alarm. The system can only be restarted by pressing the manual button. The parameters M and a are adjusted according to the actual operating conditions.

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