A method, apparatus and vehicle for determining battery power

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a battery power determination method, device and vehicle, the method comprising: obtaining battery state data; determining target available energy and actual used energy corresponding to the battery state data through a first power table and a second power table; the first power table is a power table corresponding to a first time length, and the second power table is a power table corresponding to a second time length; the first time length and the second time length are different; comparing the target available energy and the actual used energy to obtain a first comparison result; performing table switching judgment on the battery state data and the first comparison result to obtain a switching judgment result; determining a target power table based on the first power table and the second power table by using the switching judgment result, so as to determine target power corresponding to the battery state data by using the target power table, and providing power for the vehicle according to the target power.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of power battery technology, and in particular to a method, apparatus and vehicle for determining battery power. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of new energy vehicles, non-plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) have become one of the mainstream models in the current market due to their good balance between fuel economy and power performance.

[0003] In related technologies, battery power determination often employs a lookup table method based on bench testing. This involves searching for the corresponding power boundary in a pre-defined power table based on parameters such as battery state of charge (SOC) and temperature (T). While this method is mature in large-capacity battery systems, it has significant limitations in the low-capacity HEV scenario. Specifically, during HEV vehicle operation, the instantaneous power demand of the battery fluctuates drastically, and SOC and temperature change frequently. This necessitates frequent switching between different power tables, easily leading to discontinuous power output and affecting the smoothness and continuity of the vehicle's power delivery. Therefore, a new method is urgently needed to improve these issues. Summary of the Invention

[0004] One objective of this disclosure is to provide a method for determining battery power to solve the problem of power smoothness caused by frequent meter switching; another objective is to provide a device for determining battery power; and a third objective is to provide a vehicle.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted in this disclosure is as follows: This disclosure proposes a method for determining battery power. The method includes: acquiring battery state data; determining the target available energy and actual used energy corresponding to the battery state data using a first power table and a second power table; wherein the first power table is a power table corresponding to a first duration and the second power table is a power table corresponding to a second duration, and the first duration and the second duration are different; comparing the target available energy and the actual used energy to obtain a first comparison result; performing a table switching judgment on the battery state data and the first comparison result to obtain a switching judgment result; and using the switching judgment result, determining a target power table based on the first power table and the second power table, so as to determine the target power corresponding to the battery state data using the target power table, and providing power to the vehicle according to the target power.

[0006] Based on the aforementioned technical methods, the current battery status data is first acquired. Then, using a first power meter and a second power meter, the target available energy and actual energy usage corresponding to the current battery status data are determined. By comparing the target available energy and the actual energy usage, the energy usage status can be monitored in real time, and potential overload risks can be identified promptly. Next, based on the battery status data and the first comparison result, it is determined whether a power meter switch is necessary. This approach considers both the dynamic changes in battery status and energy usage, effectively reducing unnecessary meter switching. Finally, the target power meter is automatically updated based on the switching decision, and the vehicle's power output is controlled based on the target power. This achieves precise dynamic matching of power output, fully utilizing the battery's true capabilities under different operating conditions. It avoids insufficient power due to conservative strategies and prevents safety risks caused by overuse, significantly improving the power performance and driving experience of HEV vehicles.

[0007] In some embodiments, a table switching judgment is performed on the battery state data and the first comparison result to obtain a switching judgment result, including: performing an inter-table switching judgment based on the first comparison result to obtain a first judgment result in the switching judgment result; and performing an intra-table operating point switching judgment on the state of charge change value or temperature change value in the battery state data to obtain a second judgment result in the switching judgment result.

[0008] Based on the aforementioned technical methods, the analysis of the first comparison result determines whether inter-meter switching is triggered. Simultaneously, by combining the state-of-charge (SOC) or temperature change values ​​from the battery status data, it determines whether intra-meter operating point switching is triggered. This enables dual switching logic for both inter-meter and intra-meter operations, making power meter switching more precise and further improving the accuracy of power control.

[0009] In some embodiments, the inter-meter switching determination is performed based on the first comparison result to obtain the first determination result in the switching determination result, including: if the first comparison result is that the actual energy used is less than or equal to the target available energy, determining that the first determination result is that the inter-meter switching of the power meter has not been triggered; if the first comparison result is that the actual energy used is greater than the target available energy, determining that the first determination result is that the inter-meter switching of the power meter has been triggered.

[0010] Based on the aforementioned technical methods, the system accurately determines whether to trigger the switching between power meters by comparing the actual energy used with the target available energy. This allows for precise control over battery power usage, avoiding issues such as power jerkiness or inability to maintain vehicle speed caused by frequent meter switching. Ultimately, this fully utilizes the actual capabilities of small-capacity power batteries, improving the power performance and user experience of HEV vehicles.

[0011] In some embodiments, determining a target power meter based on a first power meter and a second power meter using the switching determination result includes: if the first determination result is that no inter-meter switching of the power meter has been triggered, determining the target power meter as the current first power meter; if the first determination result is that an inter-meter switching of the power meter has been triggered, determining the target power meter based on the second power meter.

[0012] Based on the aforementioned technical methods, the target power meter is dynamically selected according to the inter-meter switching judgment result. If no switching is required, the current power meter continues to be used to ensure the continuity of power output; if switching is required, a power meter with a longer duration is used as the target power meter to reduce the maximum output power and prevent battery damage due to over-discharge. In this way, the power boundary can be dynamically adjusted according to energy consumption, significantly improving the safety and efficiency of battery use.

[0013] In some embodiments, the state of charge (SCC) change value or temperature change value in the battery state data is used to determine the in-table operating point switching, and a second judgment result is obtained in the switching judgment result. This includes: determining a first SCC change threshold corresponding to the battery state data according to a first SCC change table; the first SCC change table is used to characterize the change value of the SCC over time in each test scenario; determining a first temperature change threshold corresponding to the battery state data according to a first temperature change table; the first temperature change table is used to characterize the change value of the temperature over time in each test scenario; if the SCC change value is less than or equal to the first SCC change threshold, or if the temperature change value is less than or equal to the first temperature change threshold, the second judgment result is determined to be that the in-table operating point switching of the power meter has not been triggered; if the SCC change value is greater than the first SCC change threshold, or if the temperature change value is greater than the first temperature change threshold, the second judgment result is determined to be that the in-table operating point switching judgment has been triggered.

[0014] Based on the aforementioned technical means, the allowable state-of-charge (POC) change threshold and temperature change threshold under the current operating condition are obtained by consulting the first POC change table and the first temperature change table. When the actual change value does not exceed the threshold, the current operating point remains unchanged; when it exceeds the threshold, the operating point in the table is switched to match the current battery state. By fully considering the characteristics of rapid fluctuations in POC and temperature of small-capacity HEV batteries under high-power operation, power misjudgment caused by operating point lag is avoided, significantly improving the real-time performance and accuracy of power control.

[0015] In some embodiments, the target power meter is determined based on the first power meter and the second power meter using the switching judgment result. This includes: when the target power meter is the current first power meter and the second judgment result indicates that the switching of the power meter's in-meter operating point has not been triggered, determining the target operating point under the first power meter as the initial operating point, wherein the initial operating point is determined based on the scene temperature value and scene state of charge value in the battery state data; and when the target power meter is the current first power meter and the second judgment result indicates that the switching of the power meter's in-meter operating point has been triggered, determining the target operating point under the first power meter as the current operating point, wherein the current operating point is determined based on the current temperature value and current state of charge value in the battery state data.

[0016] Based on the aforementioned technical methods, when the target power meter is the current first power meter, the target operating point is determined as either the initial operating point or the current operating point based on whether the switching of the operating point within the meter is triggered. This achieves dynamic updating of the power meter's operating point, effectively compensating for performance degradation caused by rapid changes in battery state and improving the adaptability of power output.

[0017] In some embodiments, the method further includes generating a first power meter, a second power meter, a first state-of-charge change table, a first temperature change table, and a first voltage drop rate table based on power test data of the battery in multiple test scenarios; wherein the first voltage drop rate table is used to characterize the voltage change over time in each test scenario.

[0018] Based on the aforementioned technical methods, a first power table, a second power table, a first state-of-charge change table, a first temperature change table, and a first voltage drop rate table are generated using power test data from multiple test scenarios. This allows for the description of the dynamic performance boundaries of HEV small-capacity batteries under different operating conditions from multiple perspectives, enabling more precise power management and in-table switching strategies. Furthermore, the test data from real-world test scenarios accurately reflects the battery's performance boundaries during actual operation.

[0019] In some embodiments, the method further includes acquiring a first voltage value or a first voltage drop rate from battery state data; performing a pre-undervoltage judgment on the first voltage value or the first voltage drop rate to determine whether to trigger a pre-undervoltage strategy.

[0020] Based on the above technical means, by monitoring the first voltage or the first voltage drop rate in real time, potential undervoltage risks can be identified in advance, and early warnings can be issued before the voltage reaches the cutoff threshold, thereby taking restrictive measures in advance and enhancing the system's safety protection capabilities.

[0021] In some embodiments, a pre-undervoltage judgment is performed on a first voltage value or a first voltage drop rate to determine whether to trigger a pre-undervoltage strategy. This includes determining to trigger the pre-undervoltage strategy when the first voltage value is less than a first threshold and the duration of the first voltage value is greater than or equal to a first value, or when the first voltage drop rate is greater than a second threshold and the duration of the first voltage drop rate is greater than or equal to a second value. The first threshold is determined based on the battery's cutoff voltage, and the second threshold is determined based on a first voltage drop rate table.

[0022] Based on the aforementioned technical means, pre-undervoltage protection is triggered when the first voltage is lower than the first threshold for a sufficiently long duration, or when the first voltage drop rate is abnormally rapid and the duration meets the condition. This allows for a more comprehensive capture of the voltage change characteristics of the battery during high-power discharge, thereby identifying potential voltage anomalies in advance and effectively preventing battery over-discharge and system failure.

[0023] In some embodiments, determining the target available energy and the current actual energy used corresponding to the battery state data using a first power table and a second power table includes: determining a first available power by querying the first power table based on a first state of charge, a first temperature, and a second temperature in the battery state data; determining a second available power by querying the second power table based on the first state of charge, the first temperature, and the second temperature; accumulating the difference between the first available power and the second available power over a first duration to obtain the target available energy; and accumulating the difference between the actual power used and the second available power over a third duration to obtain the real-time energy used; the third duration being the actual operating duration.

[0024] Based on the aforementioned technical methods, by querying power tables for different durations, the first and second available power under the current operating conditions are obtained respectively. The difference is then calculated and integrated over a specified time period to obtain the target available energy and real-time usage energy. By considering the differences in power boundaries over time, accurate modeling of battery energy consumption is achieved, providing a basis for subsequent table switching decisions.

[0025] This disclosure proposes a battery power determination device, the device comprising, The acquisition module is used to acquire battery status data; The determination module is used to determine the target available energy and actual used energy corresponding to the battery state data through the first power meter and the second power meter; the first power meter is the power meter corresponding to the first duration, and the second power meter is the power meter corresponding to the second duration, and the first duration and the second duration are different; The comparison module is used to compare the target available energy with the actual energy used to obtain the first comparison result; The judgment module is used to perform a table switching judgment on the battery status data and the first comparison result, and obtain the switching judgment result. The determination module is also used to determine the target power table based on the first power table and the second power table using the switching judgment result, so as to determine the target power corresponding to the battery state data using the target power table, and provide power to the vehicle according to the target power.

[0026] This disclosure provides a vehicle including a processor and a memory configured to store a computer program capable of running on the processor, wherein the processor is configured to execute the steps of the aforementioned method when running the computer program.

[0027] This disclosure provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the aforementioned method.

[0028] This disclosure provides a computer program product, including a computer program or instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the aforementioned method.

[0029] The battery power determination method provided in this disclosure first acquires the current battery state data; based on a first power table and a second power table, it determines the target available energy and actual used energy corresponding to the current battery state data; then, by comparing the target available energy and the actual used energy, it can monitor the energy usage status in real time and promptly identify potential overload risks. Next, based on the battery state data and the first comparison result, it determines whether a power table switch is needed. This approach considers both the dynamic changes in battery state and energy usage, effectively reducing unnecessary table switching. Finally, based on the switching determination result, the target power table is automatically updated, and the vehicle's power output is controlled based on the target power. This achieves precise dynamic matching of power output, fully utilizing the battery's true capabilities under different operating conditions, avoiding insufficient power due to conservative strategies, and preventing safety risks caused by overuse, significantly improving the power performance and driving experience of HEV vehicles. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for determining battery power provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 1 ; Figure 2 This is a schematic flowchart of a battery power testing method provided in an embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for determining battery power provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 2 ; Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for determining battery power provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 3 ; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery power determination device provided in an embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0031] It should be noted that the terms "first" and "second" mentioned above are only used to distinguish between different options and do not represent the degree of superiority or inferiority of the options or their priority in the implementation process. Detailed Implementation

[0032] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this disclosure clearer, the disclosure will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The described embodiments should not be regarded as limitations on this disclosure. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0033] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this disclosure clearer, the specific technical solutions of the application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of this disclosure. The following embodiments are used to illustrate this disclosure, but are not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure.

[0034] In the following description, references are made to “some embodiments,” which describe a subset of all possible embodiments. However, it is understood that “some embodiments” may be the same subset or different subsets of all possible embodiments and may be combined with each other without conflict.

[0035] In the following description, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used only to distinguish different objects and do not represent a specific order of objects or have any chronological limitation. It is understood that "first," "second," and "third" may be interchanged in a specific order or sequence where permitted, so that the embodiments of this disclosure described herein can be implemented in an order other than that illustrated or described herein.

[0036] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing embodiments of this disclosure only and is not intended to be limiting of this disclosure.

[0037] This disclosure provides a method, apparatus, and vehicle for determining battery power. In practical applications, the method for determining battery power can be implemented by an in-vehicle terminal. The method for determining battery power provided in this disclosure will now be described using a vehicle as the executing entity.

[0038] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for determining battery power according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown below. Figure 1 As shown, the method for determining the battery power can be implemented through steps 101-105. Step 101: Obtain battery status data.

[0039] In some embodiments, battery status data refers to a set of key parameters that reflect the current operating status of the battery.

[0040] Battery status data includes first state of charge, first temperature, second temperature, first voltage value, state of charge change value, temperature change value, first voltage drop rate, and state of health (SOH).

[0041] The first state of charge (SOC) refers to the percentage of the battery's current remaining charge relative to its total capacity at a given moment, usually expressed as a percentage.

[0042] The first temperature (maximum temperature) refers to the highest temperature value (Tmax) among all monitoring points within the battery pack. It is used to limit charging power and prevent overcharging or thermal runaway of high-temperature cells.

[0043] The second temperature (minimum temperature) refers to the lowest temperature value (Tmin) among all monitoring points within the battery pack. It is used to limit the discharge power and prevent over-discharge or lithium plating in low-temperature cells.

[0044] The first voltage value refers to the lowest voltage value of a single cell in the battery pack. The first voltage can be identified by Umin and is used to limit the discharge power to prevent the cell from entering the over-discharge region due to excessively low voltage, which could lead to irreversible capacity loss or safety risks.

[0045] The state of charge (SOC) change value refers to the amount of change in the SOC of a battery during charging and discharging. For example, the SOC change value can be identified by ΔSOC. For instance, ΔSOC = SOC_Scenario (scenario SOC value) - SOC_Current (current SOC value). The SOC change value is used to assess the battery's capacity depletion rate under the current scenario.

[0046] Temperature change refers to the amount of temperature increase or decrease during battery charging and discharging. For example, temperature change can be identified by ΔT. For instance, ΔT = T_scenario (scenario temperature) - T_current (current temperature). Temperature change is used to assess the battery's heat dissipation characteristics during high-current charging and discharging, helping to determine if there is a risk of overheating.

[0047] The first voltage drop rate refers to the amount of voltage decrease per unit time, used to characterize how quickly the battery voltage decays during high power output. The first voltage drop rate can be identified by ΔU / Δt, typically measured in mV / s. For example, ΔU / Δt = (Utn - Ut1) / tn, where Utn is the voltage at the end of the pulse discharge tn, and Ut1 is the voltage before the pulse discharge. The first voltage drop rate is used to evaluate the battery's voltage support capability during high-current discharge; a larger rate indicates a faster voltage collapse during high-current discharge, making it unable to stably maintain high power output.

[0048] State of Health (SOH) refers to the degree of aging of a battery, which affects its maximum usable power.

[0049] The battery status data mentioned above is collected in real time by various sensors installed on the battery pack (such as temperature sensors, voltage sampling circuits, current sensors, etc.) and transmitted to the Battery Management System (BMS) for processing. Of course, the battery status data may also include other battery data, which will not be shown here.

[0050] By acquiring battery status data in real time through high-precision sensors and combining it with filtering algorithms to eliminate noise interference, the accuracy of the data is ensured. This provides a reliable basis for subsequent power meter queries, energy calculations, and switching decisions, avoiding power misjudgments or protection strategy failures due to data errors, thereby ensuring the safe and stable operation of the vehicle's power system.

[0051] Step 102: Determine the target available energy and actual used energy corresponding to the battery state data using the first power meter and the second power meter.

[0052] The first power meter corresponds to the first duration, and the second power meter corresponds to the second duration. The first and second durations are different. For example, the first duration is 10 seconds, and the second duration is 30 seconds.

[0053] In some embodiments, the first power meter and the second power meter are two-dimensional or three-dimensional data tables pre-built through offline bench testing, used to query the maximum available power of the battery under a specific state of charge, temperature and duration.

[0054] For example, the first power meter corresponds to a shorter duration (e.g., 10 seconds) and reflects the battery's short-term peak power capability; the second power meter corresponds to a longer duration (e.g., 30 seconds) and reflects the battery's sustainable output capability over a slightly longer period. The first and second power meters together constitute a multi-duration power map, supporting the implementation of the energy pool strategy.

[0055] In some embodiments, the first power meter may also be referred to as "Battery Assembly XXs Charge / Discharge Power Meter / kW". For example, the first state-of-charge change table is shown in Table 1 below.

[0056]

[0057] Table 1 According to Table 1 above, the power value is P1 under the condition of -35℃ and 30% state of charge; P2 under the condition of -35℃ and 40% state of charge; P3 under the condition of -35℃ and 50% state of charge; P4 under the condition of -35℃ and 60% state of charge; P5 under the condition of -35℃ and 70% state of charge; P6 under the condition of -35℃ and 80% state of charge; Pn-1 under the condition of 60℃ and 70% state of charge; and Pn under the condition of 60℃ and 80% state of charge.

[0058] After obtaining the first power meter and the second power meter, the target available energy and the actual used energy corresponding to the current battery state data can be determined based on the power values ​​in the first and second power meters. For example, the target available energy is identified by Wmax; the actual used energy is identified by Wactual.

[0059] This allows for accurate quantification of the relationship between the battery's current release capacity and the energy already used, providing a quantitative basis for subsequent comparative analysis and switching decisions, and effectively avoiding over-discharge or insufficient power issues caused by inaccurate energy estimation.

[0060] Step 103: Compare the target available energy with the actual energy used to obtain the first comparison result.

[0061] In some embodiments, the process of comparing the target available energy and the actual energy used to obtain a first comparison result may include: determining whether the actual energy used exceeds the target available energy, thereby obtaining a first comparison result.

[0062] By comparing the target available energy with the actual energy used, real-time monitoring of energy usage can be achieved, potential overload risks can be identified in a timely manner, and clear triggering conditions can be provided for subsequent inter-table switching, thereby improving the system's response speed and security.

[0063] Step 104: Perform a table switching judgment on the battery status data and the first comparison result to obtain the switching judgment result.

[0064] In some embodiments, table switching judgment includes inter-table switching judgment and intra-table operating point switching judgment.

[0065] The process of performing table switching judgment on battery status data and the first comparison result to obtain the switching judgment result may include: performing inter-table switching judgment on the first comparison result to obtain the first judgment result in the switching judgment result; and performing intra-table operating point switching judgment on battery status data to obtain the second judgment result in the switching judgment result.

[0066] Battery status data includes changes in state of charge and changes in temperature.

[0067] Based on battery status data and the initial comparison results, a comprehensive judgment is made as to whether switching the power meter is necessary. This approach takes into account both the dynamic changes in battery status and energy usage, effectively reducing unnecessary frequent meter switching, improving the smoothness and continuity of power output, and avoiding any jerking sensation.

[0068] Step 105: Using the switching judgment result, determine the target power table based on the first power table and the second power table, so as to determine the target power corresponding to the battery status data using the target power table, and provide power to the vehicle according to the target power.

[0069] In some embodiments, the target power meter is the power meter finally selected based on the switching judgment result. It may be the first power meter, the second power meter, or other power meters with a longer duration selected after inter-meter switching (such as the power meter corresponding to 60s).

[0070] After determining the target power table, the corresponding power value in the target power table can be retrieved based on the battery status data and output as the target power to the vehicle controller.

[0071] The target power is the maximum power output allowed by the battery under the current battery state data, directly determining the power level that the vehicle can obtain. For example, based on the switching judgment result, the current first power meter is switched to the second power meter. If the current SOC=46% and T=30℃, and the target power is found to be 32kW from the second power meter, then the vehicle controller will request the power system to output 32kW of power to drive the vehicle.

[0072] In some embodiments, the target power meter is automatically updated based on the switching judgment result, and the target power is output in real time and sent to the vehicle controller via the CAN bus. This enables precise dynamic matching of power output, fully utilizes the battery's true capabilities under different operating conditions, avoids insufficient power due to conservative strategies or safety risks caused by overuse, and significantly improves the power performance and driving experience of HEV vehicles.

[0073] In this embodiment, the current battery status data is first acquired. Based on a first power meter and a second power meter, the target available energy and actual used energy corresponding to the current battery status data are determined. Then, by comparing the target available energy and the actual used energy, the energy usage status can be monitored in real time, and potential overload risks can be identified promptly. Next, based on the battery status data and the first comparison result, it is determined whether a power meter switch is needed. This approach considers both the dynamic changes in battery status and energy usage, effectively reducing unnecessary meter switching. Finally, the target power meter is automatically updated based on the switching determination result, and the vehicle's power output is controlled based on the target power. This achieves precise dynamic matching of power output, fully utilizing the battery's true capabilities under different operating conditions. It avoids insufficient power due to conservative strategies and prevents safety risks caused by overuse, significantly improving the power performance and driving experience of HEV vehicles.

[0074] In some embodiments, the process of performing a table switching judgment on the battery state data and the first comparison result in step 104 to obtain the switching judgment result may include steps 201-202, wherein... Step 201: Based on the first comparison result, perform a table switching judgment to obtain the first judgment result in the switching judgment result.

[0075] In some embodiments, the switching determination result includes a first determination result and a second determination result.

[0076] Inter-table switching judgment refers to determining, in the power battery power management strategy, whether it is necessary to switch from the current power map table (e.g., the first power table) to the power map table of the next time dimension (e.g., the second power table) based on the comparison results between the target available energy and the actual used energy.

[0077] Step 202: Perform an in-table operating condition point switching judgment on the state of charge change value or temperature change value in the battery state data to obtain the second judgment result in the switching judgment result.

[0078] In some embodiments, the in-table operating point switching judgment refers to determining whether it is necessary to switch the operating point in the current power map table based on the change in state of charge (ΔSOC) or temperature change (ΔT) during battery operation.

[0079] By introducing ΔSOC and ΔT as the basis for switching operating conditions within the table, the characteristics of rapid changes in SOC and temperature of HEV small-capacity batteries during high-power operation can be accurately matched. This can effectively reduce unnecessary power limitations, improve battery power utilization, and avoid performance fluctuations caused by sudden changes in operating conditions, thereby enhancing the power response and range performance of HEV vehicles.

[0080] In this embodiment, the first comparison result is analyzed to determine whether inter-meter switching is triggered; simultaneously, the state of charge change value or temperature change value in the battery status data is combined to determine whether intra-meter operating point switching is triggered. This enables dual switching logic for both inter-meter and intra-meter operations, making the switching of power meters more precise and further improving the accuracy of power control.

[0081] In some embodiments, step 201, which involves performing an inter-table switching judgment based on the first comparison result to obtain the first judgment result in the switching judgment result, may include steps 2011-2012, wherein... Step 2011: If the first comparison result is that the actual energy used is less than or equal to the target available energy, determine that the first judgment result is that the inter-meter switching of the power meter has not been triggered.

[0082] In some embodiments, actual energy used refers to the energy value that the vehicle controller requests and that is actually output by the power battery during the current discharge process.

[0083] The target available energy refers to the upper limit of usable energy corresponding to the maximum allowable output capacity of the power battery under the current battery state (such as state of charge and temperature). This target available energy represents the theoretical usable energy capacity of the power battery under the condition that performance degradation or protection mechanism triggering does not occur.

[0084] By comparing the actual energy used with the target available energy, a first comparison result can be obtained. This first comparison result is used to guide whether to perform inter-meter switching of the power meter.

[0085] When the actual energy used is less than or equal to the target available energy, it indicates that the discharge process is still within the safe range of the battery design, and there is no need to adjust the power output strategy. Therefore, the first judgment result is determined to be that the inter-meter switching of the power meter has not been triggered. That is, the current power meter settings are maintained.

[0086] This ensures that energy is used reasonably within the battery's capacity, thereby avoiding power jerking caused by frequent switching of the power meter, and thus improving the smoothness of vehicle driving and the driving experience.

[0087] Step 2012: If the first comparison result shows that the actual energy used is greater than the target available energy, determine that the first judgment result is to trigger the inter-meter switching of the power meter.

[0088] When the actual energy used exceeds the target available energy, it indicates that the current discharge behavior has exceeded the safe usage boundary of the battery in its current state, which may lead to problems such as over-discharge, excessive temperature rise, or abnormal voltage drop. In this case, the first judgment result is to trigger the inter-meter switching of the power meter. That is, to switch the current power meter (i.e., the first power meter), for example, from the first power meter (such as the 10s power meter) to the next stage's more conservative second power meter (such as the 30s power meter) to reduce the maximum available power boundary.

[0089] For example, the switching between power meters is usually performed according to a preset time sequence, such as 5s→10s→30s→60s, etc., with each power meter corresponding to a different continuous discharge capability. Of course, it is also possible to switch directly from a 10s power meter to a 60s power meter.

[0090] Furthermore, when the vehicle has not been started for an extended period, the power meter can be switched directly from a 30-second setting to a 10-second setting. The specific switching rules will be determined according to the actual power meter settings, and this disclosure does not impose any limitations on this.

[0091] This allows for timely response to the risk of battery capacity exceeding limits, effectively preventing battery damage or vehicle power interruption due to over-discharge, thereby ensuring the safety and reliability of vehicle operation.

[0092] In this embodiment, the power meter switching is precisely determined based on a comparison between actual energy usage and target available energy. This allows for refined control of battery power usage, avoiding power jerkiness or loss of vehicle speed caused by frequent meter switching. Ultimately, this fully utilizes the capabilities of the small-capacity battery, improving the power performance and user experience of the HEV vehicle.

[0093] In some embodiments, step 105, which uses the switching judgment result to determine the target power meter based on the first power meter and the second power meter, may include steps 2013-2014, wherein... Step 2013: If the first judgment result is that the inter-meter switching of the power meter has not been triggered, the target power meter is determined to be the current first power meter.

[0094] If the first judgment result is that the inter-meter switching of the power meter has not been triggered, then the target power meter is determined to be the current first power meter.

[0095] By keeping the first power meter unchanged when no switching between meters is triggered, power control fluctuations caused by frequent switching can be avoided, thus maintaining the smoothness of vehicle power output and improving ride comfort and the stability of power response.

[0096] Step 2014: If the first judgment result is to trigger the inter-meter switching of the power meter, determine the target power meter based on the second power meter.

[0097] In some embodiments, triggering the switching between power meters means that when the actual energy used by the battery to continuously output at the current requested power exceeds the target available energy, the system determines that the currently used power meter can no longer meet the continuous output demand and must switch to a power map meter with a longer duration.

[0098] When the first judgment result triggers an inter-meter switching of the power meter, the first power meter will no longer be used; instead, the second power meter will be switched as the new target power meter. For example, switching from the first power meter to the second power meter (such as switching from the power map table corresponding to 10 seconds to the power map table corresponding to 30 seconds). The second power meter is also retrieved based on the battery's current state of charge and current temperature, but the power boundary value corresponding to the second power meter is usually lower than that of the first power meter, reflecting the battery's safe output capability over a longer period.

[0099] Of course, it is also possible to switch to the third power meter based on the second power meter, that is, the target power meter is the third power meter. For example, switching from the first power meter to the third power meter (such as switching from the power map table corresponding to 10s to the power map table corresponding to 60s).

[0100] In this embodiment, the target power meter is dynamically selected based on the inter-meter switching judgment result. If no switching is required, the current power meter continues to be used to ensure the continuity of power output; if switching is required, a power meter with a shorter duration is used as the target power meter to reduce the maximum output power and prevent the battery from being damaged due to over-discharge. In this way, the power boundary can be dynamically adjusted according to energy consumption, significantly improving the safety and efficiency of battery use.

[0101] In some embodiments, step 202, which involves performing an in-table operating point switching judgment on the state of charge change value or temperature change value in the battery state data to obtain a second judgment result in the switching judgment result, may include steps 2021-2024, wherein... Step 2021: Determine the first state of charge change threshold corresponding to the battery state data based on the first state of charge change table.

[0102] Here, the first state-of-charge (POC) change table is used to characterize the change in POC over time in each test scenario. The first POC change table provides the POC change threshold required for determining the switching of operating points within the table, ensuring that power meter switching is not triggered when the battery POC change value does not exceed the allowable range.

[0103] The first state-of-charge (SOC) change table is a data table obtained in advance through offline bench testing, used to describe the change of battery SOC over time under specific test scenarios.

[0104] The first table of state-of-charge (POC) changes records the change in POC value over a specified time under constant power discharge conditions, using different POC states and temperatures as dimensions. For example, under conditions of 25°C and 50% POC, a continuous discharge at a peak power of 50kW for 10 seconds results in a 14% decrease in POC value. Therefore, the POC change threshold corresponding to the operating point under these test conditions is 14%.

[0105] In some embodiments, the first state of charge change table may also be referred to as the "Battery Assembly XXs Charge / Discharge △SOC Table / %". For example, the first state of charge change table is shown in Table 2 below.

[0106]

[0107] Table 2 According to Table 2 above, the threshold for state of charge change is A1 under the condition of -35℃ and 30% state of charge; A2 under the condition of -35℃ and 40% state of charge; A3 under the condition of -35℃ and 50% state of charge; A4 under the condition of -35℃ and 60% state of charge; A5 under the condition of -35℃ and 70% state of charge; A6 under the condition of -35℃ and 80% state of charge; An-1 under the condition of 60℃ and 70% state of charge; and An under the condition of 60℃ and 80% state of charge.

[0108] The first state-of-charge (POC) change table can be implemented in various forms, such as a two-dimensional table (POC-temperature), a three-dimensional matrix (POC-temperature-time), or a function mapping model. In HEV vehicles, due to the small battery capacity and high discharge rate, a two-dimensional table format is typically used, with POC and temperature as indexes for quick table lookup to meet real-time control requirements. Different types of vehicles can set different time windows (e.g., 5s, 10s, 30s) according to overall vehicle performance requirements, thereby generating corresponding different POC change threshold tables.

[0109] Step 2022: Determine the first temperature change threshold corresponding to the battery status data based on the first temperature change table.

[0110] Here, the first temperature change table is used to characterize the temperature change over time in each test scenario. The first temperature change table is used to provide the temperature change threshold required for the switching of the operating point within the table, ensuring that the power meter switching is not triggered when the battery temperature change value does not exceed the allowable range.

[0111] The first temperature change table is a data table obtained through offline bench testing, used to describe the change of battery temperature (T) over time under specific test scenarios. The first temperature change table also records the change in battery temperature over a specified time under constant power discharge conditions, using different states of charge and temperatures as dimensions. For example, under conditions of 25℃ and 50% state of charge, continuous discharge at a peak power of 50kW for 10 seconds, if the measured temperature increase is 8℃, then the temperature change threshold corresponding to the point under this test condition is 8℃.

[0112] In some embodiments, the first temperature change table may also be referred to as "Battery Assembly XXs Charge / Discharge ΔT Table / °C". For example, the first temperature change table is shown in Table 3 below.

[0113]

[0114] Table 3 According to Table 3 above, the temperature state change threshold is B1 under the condition of -35℃ and 30% state of charge; B2 under the condition of -35℃ and 40% state of charge; B3 under the condition of -35℃ and 50% state of charge; B4 under the condition of -35℃ and 60% state of charge; B5 under the condition of -35℃ and 70% state of charge; B6 under the condition of -35℃ and 80% state of charge; Bn-1 under the condition of 60℃ and 70% state of charge; and Bn under the condition of 60℃ and 80% state of charge.

[0115] The first temperature change table can be implemented in various forms, such as a two-dimensional table (state of charge-temperature), a three-dimensional matrix (state of charge-temperature-time), or a function mapping model. In HEV vehicles, due to the rapid temperature rise of the battery, a two-dimensional table format is typically used, with state of charge and temperature as indexes for quick table lookup, meeting real-time control requirements. For high-temperature conditions, a more conservative temperature change threshold can be set to avoid rapid power drop or overheating risks caused by excessively rapid battery temperature rise.

[0116] Step 2023: If the change in state of charge is less than or equal to the first state of charge change threshold, or if the change in temperature is less than or equal to the first temperature change threshold, determine that the second judgment result is that the switching of the power meter's internal operating point has not been triggered.

[0117] In some embodiments, when the battery's state of charge (SOC) change value is less than or equal to a retrieved first SOC change threshold, or the temperature change value is less than or equal to a retrieved first temperature change threshold (i.e., the SOC change value in the battery state data ≤ the first SOC change threshold; or the temperature change value in the battery state data ≤ the first temperature change threshold), it is determined that no switching of the power meter's operating point is required. This indicates that the battery's current state change is still within the allowable range, and its maximum usable power boundary can remain unchanged.

[0118] In this way, by introducing values ​​for changes in state of charge or temperature, frequent switching of the meter due to slight fluctuations in battery status can be effectively avoided. For example, in congested urban traffic, vehicles frequently start and stop, resulting in significant fluctuations in battery status. However, as long as the values ​​for changes in state of charge and temperature in the battery status data do not exceed the retrieved thresholds, the system will not switch the operating point in the meter, ensuring smooth power output and a good driving experience.

[0119] Step 2024: If the change in state of charge in the battery state data is greater than the first state of charge change threshold, or if the change in temperature in the battery state data is greater than the first temperature change threshold, determine the second judgment result as triggering the switch of the operating point in the table.

[0120] In some embodiments, when the battery's state of charge (SOC) change value exceeds a retrieved first SOC change threshold, or the temperature change value exceeds a retrieved first temperature change threshold (i.e., the SOC change value in the battery state data > the first SOC change threshold or the temperature change value in the battery state data > the first temperature change threshold), it is determined that an in-table operating point switch for the power meter is required. This means that the current state change of the battery has exceeded the allowable range, and its maximum available power boundary needs to be recalculated based on the latest battery state.

[0121] In this way, during actual vehicle operation, when the change in state of charge exceeds the threshold for change in state of charge, or the change in temperature exceeds the threshold for change in temperature, the system can respond promptly to significant changes in the state of charge of the power battery. For example, during high-speed cruising, if the change in state of charge of the power battery drops rapidly or the change in temperature rises rapidly due to continuous high-power discharge, once the preset threshold is exceeded, the system will immediately switch to a new operating point to ensure the safety and rationality of power output.

[0122] In this embodiment, the allowable state-of-charge (POC) change threshold and temperature change threshold under the current operating condition are obtained by looking up a first POC change table and a first temperature change table. When the actual change value does not exceed the threshold, the current operating point remains unchanged; when it exceeds the threshold, the operating point in the table is switched, and the operating point in the power table is updated to match the current battery state. By fully considering the characteristics of rapid fluctuations in POC and temperature of small-capacity HEV batteries under high-power operation, power misjudgment caused by operating point lag is avoided, significantly improving the real-time performance and accuracy of power control.

[0123] In some embodiments, step 105 utilizes the switching determination result to determine the target power table based on the first power table and the second power table, including steps 2025-2026, wherein... Step 2025: If the target power meter is the current first power meter and the second judgment result is that the switching of the power meter's internal operating point has not been triggered, determine the target operating point under the first power meter as the initial operating point.

[0124] Here, the initial operating point is determined based on the scenario temperature and scenario state of charge values ​​in the battery state data.

[0125] The initial operating point refers to the reference operating point used to determine the power boundary capability when the battery has not undergone significant changes in state (such as the state of charge or temperature change has not reached the switching threshold in the table).

[0126] After determining the initial operating point, the corresponding power boundary capability can be queried from the initial operating point under the first power meter. For example, under the conditions of 25℃ and 50% state of charge, the maximum discharge power corresponding to the first power meter (i.e., the power meter corresponding to 10s) is 50kW. Since the second judgment result is that the switching of the operating point within the power meter was not triggered, the initial operating point under the first power meter is the operating point corresponding to 25℃ and 50% state of charge.

[0127] This ensures the continuity and stability of the power output strategy when the battery status does not fluctuate drastically, avoiding power jerking issues caused by frequent switching.

[0128] Step 2026: If the target power meter is the current first power meter and the second judgment result is to trigger the switching of the operating point of the power meter, determine the target operating point under the first power meter as the current operating point.

[0129] Here, the current operating point is determined based on the current temperature and current state of charge values ​​in the battery status data.

[0130] The current operating point refers to the operating point used to update the power boundary capability when the battery state changes significantly (such as when the state of charge or temperature changes trigger the switching conditions in the table).

[0131] After determining the current operating point, the corresponding power boundary capability can be queried through the current operating point under the first power table. For example, the initial operating point is the operating point corresponding to 25°C and 50% state of charge, and the current operating point is the operating point corresponding to 30°C and 40% state of charge.

[0132] Under conditions of 25℃ and 50% state of charge, the maximum discharge power corresponding to the first power meter (i.e., the power meter corresponding to 10 seconds) is 50kW. Since the second judgment result triggers the switching of the operating point within the power meter, the initial operating point corresponding to 25℃ and 50% state of charge is switched to the current operating point corresponding to 30℃ and 40% state of charge. Under conditions of 30℃ and 40% state of charge, the maximum discharge power corresponding to the first power meter is 30kW.

[0133] In some embodiments, when the target power meter is the second power meter and the second determination result is that the switching of the operating point within the power meter is not triggered, the target operating point under the second power meter is determined as the initial operating point. The initial operating point is determined based on the scene temperature value and scene state of charge value in the battery state data.

[0134] When the target power meter is the second power meter and the second judgment result is to trigger the switching of the operating point within the power meter, the target operating point under the second power meter is determined as the current operating point. The current operating point is determined based on the current temperature value and the current state of charge value in the battery status data.

[0135] When the target power meter is the second power meter, it indicates that the inter-meter switching of power meters has been completed. After completing the inter-meter switching, it is possible to determine whether to perform intra-meter switching of the operating point in the second power meter based on the change in state of charge or temperature. If intra-meter switching of the operating point in the second power meter is not performed, the target operating point is the initial operating point in the second power meter. If intra-meter switching of the operating point in the second power meter is performed, the target operating point is the current operating point in the second power meter.

[0136] As can be seen from the foregoing, the switching of the operating point within the table is performed after the target power table is determined. In other words, the judgment of the switching between tables takes precedence over the judgment of the switching of the operating point within the table.

[0137] In this embodiment of the disclosure, when the target power meter is the current first power meter, the target operating point is determined to be either the initial operating point or the current operating point based on whether the switching of the operating point within the meter is triggered. This achieves dynamic updating of the power meter's operating point, effectively compensating for performance degradation caused by rapid changes in battery state and improving the adaptability of power output.

[0138] In some embodiments, the method further includes step 301, wherein... Step 301: Based on the power test data of the battery under multiple test scenarios, generate a first power meter, a second power meter, a first state of charge change table, a first temperature change table, and a first voltage drop rate table.

[0139] The first voltage drop rate table is used to characterize the voltage change over time in each test scenario.

[0140] In some embodiments, power test data obtained from offline bench testing of batteries under various operating conditions are processed to construct a multidimensional parameter table.

[0141] Multiple test scenarios include, but are not limited to, different ambient temperatures (e.g., -20℃, 0℃, 25℃, 45℃), different state of charge (SOC) ranges (e.g., 10%~90%), and different continuous discharge times (e.g., 5s, 10s, 30s, 60s). In each scenario, the battery is discharged using constant power or constant current methods, and the changes in voltage, current, temperature, and SOC over time are recorded.

[0142] The first power meter is a two-dimensional table generated based on test data, reflecting the maximum discharge power boundary value that a battery can output in the first duration (e.g., 10 seconds) under specific state of charge and temperature conditions. For example, under conditions of 25°C and 50% SOC, the maximum output power within 10 seconds is 50kW.

[0143] The second power meter is a two-dimensional table generated based on test data, reflecting the maximum discharge power boundary value that the battery can output for a second duration (e.g., 30 seconds) under specific state of charge and temperature conditions. For example, under conditions of 25°C and 50% SOC, the maximum output power within 30 seconds is 35kW.

[0144] The first state-of-charge (SOC) change table is a threshold table established based on the decrease in SOC of the battery after constant power discharge for a specified duration (e.g., 10s) at each test point in bench testing. For example, if the SOC drops from 50% to 36% after discharging at 50kW for 10s at 25℃ and 50% SOC, then the ΔSOC at that test point is 14%.

[0145] The first temperature change table is a threshold table established based on the change in battery temperature ΔT during the discharge process. For example, if the battery temperature rises from 45°C to 58°C after 10 seconds of discharge at 50kW at a high temperature of 45°C and 50% SOC, then ΔT is 13°C.

[0146] The first voltage drop rate table is a threshold table established based on the rate at which the voltage decreases over time during the test. For example, at 25°C and 50% SOC, a 50kW discharge lasts for 10 seconds, with an initial voltage of 3.68V and a final voltage of 3.3V, the average voltage drop rate is (3.68-3.3) / 10 = 38mV / s.

[0147] In some embodiments, the first voltage drop rate table may also be referred to as the "Battery Assembly XXs Charge / Discharge ΔU / Δt Table / ℃". For example, the first voltage drop rate table is shown in Table 4 below.

[0148]

[0149] Table 4 According to Table 4 above, the voltage drop rate change threshold is C1 under the condition of -35℃ and 30% state of charge; C2 under the condition of -35℃ and 40% state of charge; C3 under the condition of -35℃ and 50% state of charge; C4 under the condition of -35℃ and 60% state of charge; C5 under the condition of -35℃ and 70% state of charge; C6 under the condition of -35℃ and 80% state of charge; Cn-1 under the condition of 60℃ and 70% state of charge; and Cn under the condition of 60℃ and 80% state of charge.

[0150] The aforementioned first power meter provides the basic power boundary, while the first state-of-charge (POC) change meter and the first temperature change meter serve as dynamic thresholds for switching within the meter. When the POC or temperature change exceeds the corresponding threshold during actual operation, the target operating point under the target power meter will be retrieved again to achieve a smooth transition of the power boundary and avoid power jerking caused by frequent meter switching. At the same time, the first voltage drop rate meter serves as the basis for determining pre-undervoltage protection, ensuring that power limiting is triggered in the early stages of rapid voltage drop, thereby improving battery safety.

[0151] In this embodiment of the disclosure, a first power table, a second power table, a first state-of-charge change table, a first temperature change table, and a first voltage drop rate table are generated based on power test data from multiple test scenarios. This allows for the description of the dynamic performance boundaries of HEV small-capacity batteries under different operating conditions from multiple perspectives, enabling more precise power management and in-table switching strategies. Furthermore, the test data from real-world test scenarios accurately reflects the battery's performance boundaries during actual operation.

[0152] In some embodiments, the method further includes steps 401-402, wherein, Step 401: Obtain the first voltage value or the first voltage drop rate from the battery status data.

[0153] As can be seen from the foregoing, the first voltage value refers to the lowest voltage value of a single cell in the battery.

[0154] The first voltage drop rate refers to the rate at which the battery voltage decreases over time during discharge, i.e., ΔU / Δt. The first voltage drop rate can be obtained by using a differential algorithm or sliding window fitting based on continuously collected voltage data to obtain the instantaneous rate of change.

[0155] By acquiring and analyzing the first voltage value or the first voltage drop rate, the voltage change trend of the battery under high power output can be identified in advance, thereby providing data support for subsequent pre-undervoltage control.

[0156] Step 402: Perform a pre-undervoltage judgment on the first voltage value or the first voltage drop rate to determine whether to trigger the pre-undervoltage strategy.

[0157] In some embodiments, the process of performing a pre-undervoltage judgment on the first voltage value or the first voltage drop rate to determine whether to trigger the pre-undervoltage strategy may include: performing a pre-undervoltage judgment on the first voltage value to determine whether to trigger the pre-undervoltage strategy; and performing a pre-undervoltage judgment on the first voltage drop rate to determine whether to trigger the pre-undervoltage strategy.

[0158] By performing a pre-undervoltage judgment on the first voltage value or the first voltage drop rate, proactive prediction and early intervention of the battery's capability boundary are achieved.

[0159] In this embodiment of the disclosure, potential undervoltage risks can be identified in advance by real-time monitoring of the first voltage or the first voltage drop rate. This allows for early warning before the voltage reaches the cutoff threshold, enabling preventative measures to be taken in advance and enhancing the system's safety protection capabilities.

[0160] In some embodiments, step 402, which involves determining whether to trigger a pre-undervoltage strategy by evaluating the first voltage value or the first voltage drop rate, includes steps 4021-4022, wherein... Step 4021: If the first voltage value is less than the first threshold and the duration of the first voltage value is greater than or equal to the first value, or if the first voltage drop rate is greater than the second threshold and the duration of the first voltage drop rate is greater than or equal to the second value, determine to trigger the pre-undervoltage strategy.

[0161] The first threshold is determined based on the battery's cutoff voltage; the second threshold is determined based on the first voltage drop rate table.

[0162] In some embodiments, the first threshold can be set in a gradient manner, shifting the cutoff voltage by several millivolts to form multiple levels of pre-undervoltage thresholds, such as first-level and second-level, to achieve graded protection. For example, the first threshold includes U1…Un. For instance, if the cutoff voltage is 2.0V, the first threshold can be set to 2.1V, 2.2V, 2.3V, and 2.4V. When the first voltage value is lower than 2.4V and the duration exceeds the set first value, the pre-undervoltage strategy is triggered, reducing the output power according to a preset gradient to prevent the first voltage value from directly dropping to a dangerous area. This ensures battery safety while minimizing interference with vehicle power performance.

[0163] Based on the current state of charge (SOC) and temperature of the battery, the corresponding second threshold is retrieved from the first voltage drop rate table. For example, when the battery is at 70% SOC and 45°C, the corresponding second threshold retrieved from the first voltage drop rate table is 28mV / s. If the first voltage drop rate is detected to be 30mV / s and the duration exceeds the set second value (e.g., 2 seconds), a pre-undervoltage strategy is triggered, reducing the output power according to a preset gradient to prevent the battery from experiencing capacity decay or damage due to excessively rapid discharge.

[0164] In this embodiment, pre-undervoltage protection is triggered when the first voltage is lower than a first threshold for a sufficiently long duration, or when the first voltage drop rate is abnormally rapid and the duration meets the condition. This allows for a more comprehensive capture of the voltage change characteristics of the battery during high-power discharge, thereby identifying potential voltage anomalies in advance and effectively preventing battery over-discharge and system failure.

[0165] In some embodiments, step 102, which involves determining the target available energy and actual used energy corresponding to the battery state data using a first power meter and a second power meter, may include steps 501-504, wherein... Step 501: Based on the first state of charge, first temperature and second temperature in the battery state data, query the first power table to determine the first available power.

[0166] In some embodiments, the process of determining the first available power by querying a first power table based on the first state of charge, first temperature, and second temperature in the battery state data may include: querying the first power table based on the first state of charge and the first temperature to determine the first power (P1); querying the first power table based on the first state of charge and the second temperature to determine the second power (P2); and taking the smaller of the first power and the second power to obtain the first available power. The first available power can be identified by Pmax,1,t1s. t1 refers to the first duration (e.g., 10s).

[0167] In some embodiments, after determining the first available power, the first available power can be corrected according to the battery's fault state and usage state to obtain a corrected first available power. The corrected first available power can be identified by Pmax,2,t1s.

[0168] For example, when the battery is in a fault state (such as insulation fault, over-temperature fault, etc.), Pmax,1,t1s is corrected according to the power limiting strategy corresponding to the fault, and the correction coefficient corresponding to the fault state is X1.

[0169] When the battery is not in a fresh state, it indicates that the battery performance has degraded. Pmax,1,t1s is corrected according to the power limiting strategy corresponding to the usage state, and the correction coefficient corresponding to the usage state is X2.

[0170] Therefore, the corrected first available power Pmax,2,t1s = Pmax,1,t1s X1 X2.

[0171] Understandably, if the battery is not faulty and has never been used, then determining the initial usable power is sufficient and no further adjustments are needed.

[0172] Step 502: Based on the first state of charge, the first temperature, and the second temperature, query the second power table to determine the second available power.

[0173] In some embodiments, the process of determining the second available power by querying a second power table based on the first state of charge, the first temperature, and the second temperature in the battery state data may include: querying the second power table based on the first state of charge and the first temperature to determine a third power (P3); querying the second power table based on the first state of charge and the second temperature to determine a fourth power (P4); and taking the smaller of the third power and the fourth power to obtain the second available power. The second available power can be identified by Pmax,1,t2s. t2 refers to the second duration (e.g., 30s).

[0174] In some embodiments, after determining the second available power, the second available power can be further corrected according to the battery's fault state and usage state to obtain a corrected second available power. The corrected second available power can be identified by Pmax,2,t2s.

[0175] For example, when the battery is in a fault state (such as insulation fault, over-temperature fault, etc.), Pmax,1,t2s is corrected according to the power limiting strategy corresponding to the fault, and the correction coefficient corresponding to the fault state is X1.

[0176] When the battery is not in a fresh state, it indicates that the battery performance has degraded. Pmax,1,t2s is corrected according to the power limiting strategy corresponding to the usage state, and the correction coefficient corresponding to the usage state is X2.

[0177] Therefore, the corrected second available power Pmax,2,t2s=Pmax,1,t2s X1 X2.

[0178] Understandably, if the battery is not faulty and has never been used, then determining the second available power is sufficient, and no further adjustments are needed.

[0179] When querying the second power table, the same three parameters—the current first state of charge, the first temperature, and the second temperature—are matched against the second power table to find the maximum power value that the battery can output over a longer period (e.g., 30 seconds) under the corresponding conditions; this is the second usable power. The second usable power is usually less than the first usable power, reflecting the characteristic of battery power decay over time. For example, at 25℃ and 50% first state of charge, the second power table shows a 30-second continuous discharge power of 35kW, which is the second usable power.

[0180] The second available power is determined by jointly querying a second power table based on the first state of charge, the first temperature, and the second temperature. This allows for a comprehensive evaluation of the battery's power output capability across different time scales, enabling the reasonable delineation of short-term and long-term power boundaries, and ultimately supporting accurate calculations of the subsequent energy storage system.

[0181] Step 503: The difference between the first available power and the second available power is accumulated over the first time period to obtain the target available energy.

[0182] Here, the target available energy refers to the theoretical upper limit of energy that the battery can provide at its maximum available power output under the current state, and it is the core parameter of the energy pool strategy. The first duration refers to the time window used to calculate the target available energy. This first duration is the short power duration (e.g., 10s), representing the total amount of energy that the battery can release in a short period of time.

[0183] In some embodiments, the difference between the first available power and the second available power is accumulated, which essentially calculates the excess energy output capability of the battery during the first duration. Exemplarily, the target available energy satisfies the following expression: Wmax=(Pmax2,t1s-Pmax2,t2s) t1 formula (1); Where Wmax is the target available energy, Pmax2,t1s is the first available power, Pmax2,t2s is the second available power, and t1 is the first duration.

[0184] For example, if the first available power is 50kW, the second available power is 35kW, and the first duration is 10s, then the target available energy Wmax = (50-35)×10 / 3600≈0.042kWh.

[0185] The target available energy is obtained by accumulating the difference between the first available power and the second available power over a first duration. This allows for precise quantification of the battery's energy reserves under short-term high-power output, thus enabling rational planning of vehicle power distribution.

[0186] Step 504: Accumulate the difference between the actual power used and the second available power over the third time period to obtain the real-time energy used.

[0187] Here, the third duration is the actual running time, that is, the time interval from the start of timing to the current moment.

[0188] Real-time energy usage refers to the actual energy consumed by the battery during actual operation, based on the difference between the vehicle's requested power and the battery's long-term power capability. Actual power usage is the instantaneous power requested by the vehicle controller from the battery, and real-time power usage can be identified by Pactual.

[0189] In some embodiments, the real-time energy usage satisfies the following expression: Wactual=(Pactual-Pmax2,t2s) Formula (II) for t; Where Wactual represents the real-time energy used, Pactual represents the real-time power used, Pmax2,t2s represents the second available power, and t represents the third duration. For example, if the actual power used is 40kW, the second available power is 35kW, and the set third duration is 5s, then the real-time energy used is (40-35)×5 / 3600≈0.007kWh. When the real-time energy used exceeds the target available energy, the system triggers the switching logic to reduce the available power boundary and prevent the battery from over-discharging.

[0190] The above formula reflects the energy pool consumption mechanism: when the actual power used is higher than the second available power, the system deducts the corresponding energy from the target available energy pool; when the actual power used is lower than or equal to the second available power, the target available energy pool is not consumed.

[0191] In this embodiment, the real-time energy usage is obtained by accumulating the difference between the actual power used and the second available power over a third time period. This allows for dynamic monitoring of battery energy consumption, enabling timely adjustments to the power output strategy and effectively preventing performance degradation or safety risks caused by excessive battery use.

[0192] In this embodiment, by querying power tables for different durations, the first available power and the second available power under the current operating condition are obtained respectively. The difference is then calculated and integrated over a specified time period to obtain the target available energy and the real-time used energy. By considering the difference in power boundaries over time, accurate modeling of battery energy consumption is achieved, providing a basis for subsequent table switching decisions.

[0193] In some embodiments, a method for testing battery power is provided, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the test method for the battery power includes the following.

[0194] S11, rated capacity calibration at room temperature.

[0195] Select normal-run battery cells for room temperature rated capacity calibration. The discharge rate is determined based on the actual operating rate of the vehicle under WLTC conditions. Take the average of three discharge capacities as the initial room temperature capacity C0, and then let it stand for a certain period of time until the temperature and voltage are balanced.

[0196] S12, state of charge adjustment and temperature balance.

[0197] Discharge at a current of 1C (i.e., the current that discharges all the charge in 1 hour) for a preset time until the target SOC is reached, and then place it in a temperature chamber for several hours until the temperature and voltage reach equilibrium.

[0198] The preset duration is indicated by tmin. tmin = (1 - target SOC) / (discharge current / initial capacity C0) × 60 (minutes).

[0199] S13, power test to test battery performance.

[0200] Discharge at a fixed power based on the target power required for the vehicle's performance, for a duration of 10 seconds or other set values. The discharge cutoff condition is reaching the continuous discharge time or the dynamic voltage triggering first-level pre-undervoltage threshold.

[0201] Among them, the first-level pre-undervoltage is a voltage protection threshold set in the BMS strategy to prevent the battery from being used beyond its capacity. It is usually higher than the battery cutoff voltage and is set in a gradient.

[0202] When the voltage protection threshold is triggered during battery discharge, the system performs a power gradient degradation to avoid triggering an undervoltage fault. In bench testing, triggering the pre-undervoltage strategy is typically not permitted to ensure that the test is conducted within the battery's normal operating range.

[0203] S14, Duration and End Voltage Determination.

[0204] The test data is processed and judged. If the discharge duration is less than 10 seconds, the target power is reduced and the test is repeated until the set fixed power can be discharged for 10 seconds and just trigger the first-level pre-undervoltage, thereby determining the maximum sustainable discharge power of the battery under this state.

[0205] In some embodiments, another method for determining battery power is provided, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the method for determining the battery power includes the following.

[0206] S21, Obtain battery status data.

[0207] Battery status data includes temperature, state of charge, fault status, and state of health (SOH).

[0208] S22, determine the target available energy and the actual energy used.

[0209] S23, whether to trigger the table switching strategy.

[0210] S24, ΔSOC>A1…An.

[0211] S25, ΔT>B1…Bn.

[0212] S26 triggers an intra-table switch.

[0213] S27,Wactual>Wmax.

[0214] S28 triggers table switching.

[0215] Based on the steps above, after determining the target available energy and the actual energy used, it can be determined whether to trigger the timetable switching strategy. Specifically, if Wactual > Wmax, inter-timetable switching is triggered; if ΔSOC > A1…An, or ΔT > B1…Bn, intra-timetable switching is triggered. If it is determined that neither inter-timetable switching nor intra-timetable switching will occur, the vehicle will be powered according to the target available energy.

[0216] In some embodiments, another method for determining battery power is provided, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the method for determining the battery power includes the following.

[0217] S31, whether to trigger pre-undervoltage protection.

[0218] Battery status data includes temperature, state of charge, fault status, and state of health (SOH).

[0219] S32, Umin<U1…Un.

[0220] S33, t≥t1.

[0221] S34, ΔU / ΔT>C1…Cn.

[0222] S35, t≥t2.

[0223] S36 triggers the pre-undervoltage strategy.

[0224] Based on the steps above, it can be seen that after the process starts, the first step is to determine whether to trigger the pre-undervoltage protection. Specifically, the pre-undervoltage strategy is triggered when Umin < U1…Un and t ≥ t1; or, the pre-undervoltage strategy is triggered when ΔU / ΔT > C1…Cn and t ≥ t2.

[0225] The method for determining battery power provided in this disclosure will be described in detail below through an embodiment, taking into account a specific application scenario.

[0226] At a critical juncture in the global automotive industry's deep transformation towards low-carbon and electrification, HEVs are leveraging their triple advantages of technological maturity, ease of use, and reasonable cost to upgrade from traditional energy-saving vehicles to the core growth driver in the current market.

[0227] In the field of power battery technology, the methods and experiences regarding battery performance utilization strategies mainly focus on high-capacity power batteries for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) and battery electric vehicles (BEVs). For the low-capacity batteries used in non-plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), the industry currently primarily follows existing experience in utilizing the performance of high-capacity power batteries.

[0228] In related technologies, a method for evaluating the usable energy of an HEV battery pack is provided. This method describes the relationship between the battery's maximum power output and its state of charge, temperature, and cumulative discharge, as well as a calculation function for the maximum output power. However, the maximum output capacity of the battery in this method needs to be calculated by extracting the battery's maximum charging and discharging output power capabilities from multiple charging states in the past. Determining the battery's initial maximum charging and discharging power output capabilities is crucial for estimating the usable energy of an HEV power battery.

[0229] In current mass production solutions, the maximum charging and discharging power output capability of batteries is mainly determined by a lookup table method. This involves using offline bench testing to pre-determine the battery's maximum charging and discharging power output capability at different states of charge (SOC) and temperatures (T), using this as the power boundary for output to the vehicle. The vehicle controller then requests power within this boundary. However, in HEV (Hybrid Electric Vehicle) non-plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, the smaller-capacity batteries used in these solutions suffer from poorer SOC and temperature maintenance compared to conventional new energy vehicles due to the larger instantaneous discharge power during vehicle operation. This results in frequent power meter switching, affecting the vehicle's smoothness and power continuity.

[0230] To avoid the aforementioned problems, this disclosure provides a power utilization strategy for small-capacity HEV power batteries. Based on the characteristics of state of charge, temperature, and voltage changes during power testing of small-capacity HEV batteries, a power utilization strategy is formulated to address issues such as jerking and inability to maintain vehicle speed caused by frequent power meter switching during HEV vehicle operation. Currently, HEV power battery power management strategies continue to use the mature power switching strategies for large-capacity power batteries in plug-in hybrid and pure electric vehicles, i.e., the energy pool strategy. Assuming that HEV power batteries still use the existing energy pool strategy, taking a 1kWh HEV power battery at 25℃ and 50% SOC@10s with a peak discharge power of 50kW (peak power at 25℃ and 50% SOC@30s is 35kW) as an example, the maximum energy of the power battery energy pool under this state is Wmax = (P10s - P30s). T = (50 - 35) 10 / 60 / 60 = 0.042 kWh. If the vehicle accelerates at a power output of 50 kW at this time, the theoretically sustainable time is T = Wmax / (Pactual - P30s). 60 60 = 10s.

[0231] However, during actual discharge of the power battery, because the HEV battery has a smaller capacity but a higher power demand, the state of charge (SOC) changes by 14% during a 10-second discharge. The SOC rapidly decreases from 50% to 36%, and the power output also linearly drops from 50kW (corresponding to 50% SOC) to 20kW (corresponding to 36% SOC). The actual duration of 50kW output is less than 2 seconds. However, in actual bench tests of individual power cells or the entire power battery assembly, it can continuously discharge at 50kW for 10 seconds within the 50%~36% SOC range, demonstrating continuous high-power output capability. Therefore, continuing with the existing strategy does not meet the maximum output power limit of the HEV power battery and will cause problems such as jerking and inability to maintain vehicle speed due to frequent power meter switching during HEV vehicle use.

[0232] To accurately utilize the actual available power of the battery in HEV hybrid vehicles, this disclosure provides the following solution: a power utilization strategy specifically for HEV hybrid vehicles, as detailed below. 1. The conventional power map verification method is used, which involves obtaining the battery's maximum power output boundary capability under different states of charge, temperatures, and durations through offline bench testing using power or current testing methods. This is documented in the "Battery Assembly XXs Charge / Discharge Power Table." The table settings include, but are not limited to, 5s, 10s, 30s, and 60s, depending on the actual needs of the vehicle. Theoretically, the bench test aims to obtain the maximum power output boundary capability under any state of charge and temperature. However, due to the small capacity and high internal resistance of HEV batteries, even over a very short period, the state of charge and temperature can change significantly. Therefore, the obtained maximum power output boundary capability may have some deviation.

[0233] 2. Furthermore, in order to match the state of charge and temperature change characteristics of HEV batteries during the above bench tests, a more detailed in-table switching strategy is added based on the existing energy cell switching table.

[0234] Based on the results of the bench tests in step 1, two additional tables are added as threshold tables for the switching strategy: the "Battery Assembly XXs Charge / Discharge ΔSOC Table" and the "Battery Assembly XXs Charge / Discharge ΔT Table". The ΔSOC and ΔT thresholds are determined by the test power or test current data at each temperature and state of charge during the bench tests in steps 1 and 2. For example, if a battery can output a peak discharge power of 50kW for 10 seconds at 25℃ and 50% SOC during bench testing, the ΔSOC change can be obtained by integrating the current I and time t during this discharge process, and the ΔT time change can be obtained based on the monitored temperature value. In other words, under these conditions, even with changes in SOC (ΔSOC) and temperature (ΔT), the battery's maximum output capability remains unchanged.

[0235] 3. Furthermore, considering the risk of rapid temperature rise during high-power continuous discharge leading to a rapid decrease in power or even overheating, the ΔT threshold at high temperatures needs to be corrected based on the results of thermal management tests conducted on the entire battery pack under bench conditions. This includes, but is not limited to, high-temperature WLTC conditions (Global Light Vehicle Test Cycle), high-temperature high-speed driving conditions, and continuous acceleration and deceleration conditions at the battery's maximum limit.

[0236] 4. Furthermore, based on the aforementioned formulation, control, and switching strategies, a pre-undervoltage protection strategy is added to the overall energy usage strategy. This further mitigates the power abnormality limit or zero-voltage drop caused by exceeding battery capacity under special operating conditions or controller malfunctions. Specifically, a "Battery Assembly XXs Charge / Discharge ΔU / Δt Table" is added as a threshold table for triggering the pre-undervoltage protection. The ΔU / Δt threshold is set based on the test results in step 1. For example, if the battery can continuously output a peak discharge power of 50kW for 10 seconds during bench testing at 25℃ and 50% SOC, with a pre-discharge voltage of 3.68V and a final discharge voltage of 3.3V, then the maximum voltage drop rate at this point is 38mV / s.

[0237] This disclosure leverages the greater variation in state of charge (SOC) and temperature during power testing of HEVs (small-capacity batteries) compared to PHEVs and BEVs. Building upon conventional power usage strategies, it adds an in-table switching strategy. Specifically, based on the characteristics of SOC and temperature changes during battery power bench testing, ΔSOC and ΔT are added as criteria for in-table switching. The threshold settings for ΔSOC and ΔT are determined according to the SOC and temperature changes during battery bench testing. The BMS control software includes tables titled "Battery Assembly XXs Charge / Discharge ΔSOC Table" and "Battery Assembly XXs Charge / Discharge ΔT Table" as characteristic parameter tables for retrieving in-table switching thresholds. This optimizes the battery's actual capabilities to address issues such as jerking and loss of speed maintenance caused by frequent power meter switching during HEV vehicle operation. With the optimized strategy, the duration of peak power discharge during battery operation is increased from 2 seconds or less to 10 seconds. Furthermore, to avoid issues such as exceeding battery capacity due to harsh operating conditions and BMS / vehicle control errors during driving, the voltage drop rate ΔU / Δt is added as a criterion for determining the pre-undervoltage strategy, building upon the existing strategy that simply uses Umin as the pre-undervoltage measure. The threshold for ΔU / Δt is set based on the rate of voltage change over time during battery bench testing. A "Battery Assembly XXs Charge / Discharge ΔU / Δt Table" is added to the BMS control software as a characteristic parameter table for retrieving the pre-undervoltage strategy threshold. Conventional strategies only limit power when the battery capacity is exceeded for a period of time, just before triggering the cutoff voltage. In some scenarios, this limitation may be too late, allowing the voltage to continue dropping and triggering a fault. The optimized strategy adds the voltage drop rate as a criterion. Theoretically, discharging at peak power results in the fastest voltage drop rate. However, when there are errors in the software control strategy or excessive initial battery accumulation, the voltage drop rate can be abnormally fast, triggering the voltage drop rate threshold at the beginning of discharge, causing the BMS controller to prematurely limit power. This further optimizes the undervoltage fault or battery damage issues caused by abnormal power control usage.

[0238] like Figure 2 As shown, the power testing process for HEV power batteries includes the following steps: Step S11: Ambient temperature rated capacity calibration.

[0239] Select a normally discharged individual cell for room temperature rated capacity calibration. The discharge rate can be determined based on the actual WLTC operating rate of the vehicle. Take the average of three discharge capacities as the initial room temperature capacity C0, and let it stand for a certain period of time until temperature and voltage reach equilibrium.

[0240] Step S12: Adjustment of state of charge and temperature balance.

[0241] Discharge at a current of 1C (the current that discharges all the charge in 1 hour) for tmin (t = (1- (%SOC) / (discharge current / initial capacity C0)×60) until the battery's state of charge reaches the target %SOC. Then, place the battery in a temperature chamber for several hours to allow the battery's temperature and voltage to reach equilibrium.

[0242] Step S13: Test the battery performance using power testing.

[0243] The battery performs a fixed-power discharge at the target power required for vehicle performance, lasting 10 seconds or another set value. The cutoff condition is a discharge duration of 10 seconds or a dynamic voltage equal to the first-level pre-undervoltage. The first-level pre-undervoltage is a protection strategy in the Battery Management System (BMS) to prevent undervoltage faults caused by exceeding the battery's capacity. It typically sets a voltage threshold gradient above the battery's cutoff voltage. When the battery reaches this threshold during discharge, the system gradient-degrades the output power to avoid triggering an undervoltage fault. This pre-undervoltage protection strategy is not allowed to be triggered during bench testing.

[0244] Step S14: Determine the duration and the terminal voltage.

[0245] The data is processed and judged. If the duration is less than 10 seconds, the power is reduced and the test continues until the discharge is carried out at a fixed power for 10 seconds, which just reaches the first level of pre-undervoltage.

[0246] like Figure 3 As shown, the method for determining the power of an HEV power battery includes the following steps: In step S21, in the driving or parking power consumption scenario, the BMS controller acquires battery status data, including temperature, state of charge, fault status and state of health (SOH), in order to calculate the current target available energy and maximum available power of the battery.

[0247] The target usable energy and maximum usable power of the battery are obtained by looking up power P1 and power P2 from the power map table based on the current state of charge (actual SOC signal at room temperature) and Tmax and Tmin respectively. The smaller of the two is taken as the current maximum usable power boundary Pmax,1. Furthermore, if a fault condition exists, such as insulation fault or over-temperature fault, Pmax,1 is corrected according to the corresponding power limiting strategy with a correction factor of X1. Further, if the battery is not in a fresh state and its performance has degraded, Pmax,1 is corrected according to the power limiting strategy corresponding to the non-fresh state with a correction factor of X2. Therefore, the final maximum usable power boundary of the battery is Pmax,2 = Pmax,1. X1 X2.

[0248] After determining the maximum available power in step S22, the maximum available energy pool is calculated based on the calculated Pmax,2, using the formula Wmax=(Pmax,2,t1s×Pmax,2,t2s)×t1, where Pmax,2,t1s is the maximum power boundary that can be output for t1 seconds under the current state of charge and temperature conditions, and Pmax,2,t2s is the maximum power boundary that can be output for t2 seconds under the current state of charge and temperature conditions. Wmax represents the total energy corresponding to continuous output with Pmax,2 as the maximum output power under the current state of charge and temperature conditions.

[0249] The real-time energy used is calculated based on the real-time power used by the whole vehicle, Pactual, as follows: Wactual = (Pactual - Pmax2, t2s) t represents the real-time running time. The real-time power usage Pactual is no greater than Pmax2, t1s. When the vehicle's requested power exceeds Pmax2, t1s, the smaller of the two is used for output.

[0250] After determining the maximum energy output of the battery and the real-time energy output of the vehicle, step S23 can determine whether to switch the meter based on the battery's current capacity and output status. That is, whether the battery's maximum available power Pmax and maximum output energy Wmax have changed.

[0251] Switching between tables includes both intra-table switching and inter-table switching. Both are judged simultaneously and in real time. If either condition is met, the maximum available power Pmax and the maximum output energy Wmax are switched.

[0252] In steps S24 and S25, a determination is made as to whether an in-table switching is triggered, based on the ΔSOC and ΔT corresponding to any state of charge and temperature. Specific thresholds are obtained by looking up the "Battery Assembly XXs Charge / Discharge ΔSOC Table" and the "Battery Assembly XXs Charge / Discharge ΔT Table". In step S24, if ΔSOC is greater than the threshold A obtained from the table lookup, in-table switching is triggered in step S26; if ΔSOC is less than or equal to the threshold A obtained from the table lookup, the maximum available power Pmax2, t1s, and maximum output energy remain unchanged.

[0253] When step S26 is triggered for table switching, the maximum available power Pmax2,t1s and the maximum output energy Wmax are determined by referring to the "Battery Assembly XXs Charge and Discharge Power Table" based on the latest state of charge and temperature to obtain the latest usable maximum power boundary Pmax2,t1s. This is determined based on the SOC change during constant power discharge for 1 second at each state of charge and temperature during bench testing. That is, at this point, if the SOC decrease is within ΔSOC, the battery still has the ability to output at Pmax,2. Compared to PHEV / BEV large-capacity batteries, HEV small-capacity batteries have smaller DC internal resistance DCR, smaller cell mass m, and larger discharge rate C. Therefore, they generate more heat during pulse discharge, resulting in a larger temperature rise in the cell itself.

[0254] In step S25, when ΔT is greater than the threshold B obtained from the lookup table, step S26 is triggered to switch within the table. When ΔT is less than or equal to the threshold B obtained from the lookup table, the maximum available power Pmax2,t1s and the maximum output energy remain unchanged. When step S26 is triggered to switch within the table, the maximum available power Pmax2,t1s and the maximum output energy Wmax are also determined based on the latest state of charge and temperature by looking up the latest usable maximum power boundary Pmax2,t1s from the "Battery Assembly XXs Charge and Discharge Power Table". This is determined based on the temperature T change during constant power discharge for 1 second at each state of charge and temperature during bench testing. That is, at this point, if the temperature T change is within ΔT, the battery still has the ability to output at Pmax2.

[0255] However, high temperatures generally limit power output to prevent rapid power reduction or overheating caused by rapid temperature rise. Therefore, if ΔT is determined solely based on temperature changes during bench power testing, there is a risk of power limitation or overheating. In addition to referring to bench power test data, it is necessary to further refine the ΔT threshold at high temperatures by combining continuous operating condition thermal simulations or bench test results.

[0256] Furthermore, if either step S24 or S25 satisfies the intra-table switching condition, the system switches to S26 for intra-table switching, updating the maximum available power Pmax2, t1s, and the maximum output energy Wmax. In step S27, the inter-table switching logic is checked. When the energy Wactual continuously output by the battery at Pactual power exceeds the battery's maximum allowable energy Wmax, the power map table switches to the next power map table. The power map table settings are differentiated according to the vehicle's performance requirements, such as 5s, 1s, 2s, 3s, 6s, etc. When the energy Wactual continuously output by the battery at Pactual power is less than or equal to the battery's maximum allowable energy Wmax, the maximum available power Pmax2, t1s, and the maximum output energy remain unchanged.

[0257] like Figure 4 As shown, the method for determining the power of an HEV power battery includes the following steps: In step S31, a determination is made as to whether to trigger pre-undervoltage protection, including the determination of minimum voltage and voltage drop rate. If either of the two determination conditions meets the given protection threshold, the BMS triggers the pre-undervoltage protection strategy to perform corresponding power limiting.

[0258] In step S32, the minimum voltage Umin is determined. If Umin is less than the set voltages U1~Un, where the thresholds for U1~Un are generally set in a gradient upwards based on the battery's cutoff voltage. Furthermore, based on satisfying S32, the duration t is further determined. If the duration is not less than t1, the pre-undervoltage protection strategy in S36 is triggered to limit power. If S32 is satisfied, but the duration in S33 does not meet the set threshold, the maximum available power Pmax2, t1s, and maximum output energy remain unchanged. In step S34, the voltage drop rate ΔU / Δt is determined. The ΔU / Δt threshold for any state of charge and temperature is obtained by referring to the "Battery Assembly XXs Charge / Discharge ΔU / Δt Table".

[0259] Furthermore, the threshold is set based on the voltage change rate of constant power discharge for 1 second at each state of charge and temperature during bench testing. For example, if the voltage before pulse discharge is Ut1 and the voltage at the end of pulse discharge tn is Utn, then the threshold for the maximum voltage drop rate C1~Cn corresponding to this state of charge and temperature is ΔU / Δt=(Utn-Ut1) / tn.

[0260] In the voltage drop rate determination logic S34, when ΔU / Δt is greater than the set voltage threshold C1~Cn, and on the basis of satisfying S34, S35 further determines the duration t. When the duration is not less than t2, the pre-undervoltage protection strategy of S36 is triggered to limit the power.

[0261] If, based on the conditions of S34, the duration of S35 does not meet the set threshold, the maximum available power Pmax2, t1s, and maximum output energy will remain unchanged. The durations of t1 and t2 in the above steps can be calibrated and optimized based on bench or vehicle testing.

[0262] Secondly, embodiments of this disclosure provide another device for determining battery power, referring to... Figure 5 The battery power determination device shown may include an acquisition module 501, a determination module 502, a comparison module 503, and a judgment module 504, wherein; Module 501 is used to acquire battery status data; The determination module 502 is used to determine the target available energy and actual used energy corresponding to the battery state data through the first power meter and the second power meter; the first power meter is the power meter corresponding to the first duration, and the second power meter is the power meter corresponding to the second duration, and the first duration and the second duration are different; The comparison module 503 is used to compare the target available energy with the actual energy used to obtain the first comparison result; The judgment module 504 is used to perform a table switching judgment on the battery status data and the first comparison result, and obtain the switching judgment result; The determination module 502 is also used to determine a target power meter based on the first power meter and the second power meter using the switching judgment result, so as to determine the target power corresponding to the battery state data using the target power meter, and provide power to the vehicle according to the target power.

[0263] In some embodiments, the judgment module 504 is further configured to perform inter-table switching judgment based on the first comparison result to obtain a first judgment result in the switching judgment result; and to perform intra-table operating point switching judgment on the state of charge change value or temperature change value in the battery state data to obtain a second judgment result in the switching judgment result.

[0264] In some embodiments, the judgment module 504 is further configured to determine that the first judgment result is that the inter-meter switching of the power meter has not been triggered when the first comparison result is that the actual energy used is less than or equal to the target available energy; and to determine that the first judgment result is that the inter-meter switching of the power meter has been triggered when the first comparison result is that the actual energy used is greater than the target available energy.

[0265] In some embodiments, the determining module 502 is further configured to determine the target power meter as the current first power meter when the first determination result is that the inter-meter switching of the power meter has not been triggered; and to determine the target power meter based on the second power meter when the first determination result is that the inter-meter switching of the power meter has been triggered.

[0266] In some embodiments, the judgment module 504 is further configured to: determine a first state-of-charge change threshold corresponding to the battery state data according to a first state-of-charge change table; the first state-of-charge change table is used to characterize the change value of the state of charge over time in each test scenario; determine a first temperature change threshold corresponding to the battery state data according to a first temperature change table; the first temperature change table is used to characterize the change value of the temperature over time in each test scenario; determine a second judgment result that the switching of the power meter's operating point has not been triggered if the state-of-charge change value is less than or equal to the first state-of-charge change threshold, or if the temperature change value is less than or equal to the first temperature change threshold; and determine a second judgment result that the switching of the operating point in the power meter has been triggered if the state-of-charge change value is greater than the first state-of-charge change threshold, or if the temperature change value is greater than the first temperature change threshold.

[0267] In some embodiments, the determining module 502 is further configured to: determine the target operating point under the first power meter as the initial operating point when the target power meter is the current first power meter and the second determination result is that the switching of the operating point within the power meter has not been triggered; the initial operating point is determined based on the scene temperature value and scene state of charge value in the battery state data; and determine the target operating point under the first power meter as the current operating point when the target power meter is the current first power meter and the second determination result is that the switching of the operating point within the power meter has been triggered; the current operating point is determined based on the current temperature value and current state of charge value in the battery state data.

[0268] In some embodiments, the determining module 502 is further configured to generate a first power table, a second power table, a first state of charge change table, a first temperature change table, and a first voltage drop rate table based on power test data of the battery in multiple test scenarios; wherein the first voltage drop rate table is used to characterize the voltage change over time in each test scenario.

[0269] In some embodiments, the determining module 502 is further configured to acquire a first voltage value or a first voltage drop rate in the battery state data; perform a pre-undervoltage judgment on the first voltage value or the first voltage drop rate to determine whether to trigger the pre-undervoltage strategy.

[0270] In some embodiments, the determining module 502 is further configured to determine to trigger a pre-undervoltage strategy when the first voltage value is less than a first threshold and the duration of the first voltage value is greater than or equal to a first value, or when the first voltage drop rate is greater than a second threshold and the duration of the first voltage drop rate is greater than or equal to a second value; wherein the first threshold is determined based on the battery's cutoff voltage; and the second threshold is determined based on a first voltage drop rate table.

[0271] In some embodiments, the determining module 502 is further configured to: query a first power table to determine a first available power based on a first state of charge, a first temperature, and a second temperature in the battery state data; query a second power table to determine a second available power based on the first state of charge, the first temperature, and the second temperature; accumulate the difference between the first available power and the second available power over a first duration to obtain a target available energy; and accumulate the difference between the actual power used and the second available power over a third duration to obtain real-time used energy; the third duration being the actual operating duration.

[0272] It should be noted that the battery power determination device provided in this embodiment includes all the units included, which can be implemented by a processor in an electronic device; of course, it can also be implemented by specific logic circuits; in the implementation process, the processor can be a central processing unit (CPU), a microprocessor (MPU), a digital signal processor (DSP), or a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), etc.

[0273] The description of the above apparatus embodiments is similar to that of the above method embodiments, and has similar beneficial effects. For technical details not disclosed in the apparatus embodiments of this disclosure, please refer to the description of the method embodiments of this disclosure for understanding.

[0274] It should be noted that, in the embodiments of this disclosure, if the above-described vehicle driving control method is implemented as a software functional module and sold or used as an independent product, it can also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the embodiments of this disclosure, or the part that contributes to related technologies, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several voice commands to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the methods of the various embodiments of this disclosure. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as a USB flash drive, external hard drive, read-only memory (ROM), magnetic disk, or optical disk. Thus, the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited to any specific hardware and software combination.

[0275] Thirdly, this disclosure provides another electronic device that can implement the battery power determination method provided in the first aspect.

[0276] In one example, reference Figure 6The electronic device 60 shown includes a processor 601, at least one communication bus 602, a user interface 603, at least one external communication interface 604, and a memory 605. The communication bus 602 is configured to enable communication between these components. The user interface 603 may include a display screen, a microphone, etc. The external communication interface 604 may include standard wired and wireless interfaces.

[0277] The memory 605 is configured to store voice commands and applications executable by the processor 601, and can also cache data to be processed or already processed by the processor 601 and various modules in the electronic device (e.g., image data, audio data, voice communication data and video communication data), which can be implemented by flash memory or random access memory (RAM).

[0278] In some embodiments, this disclosure provides a vehicle including a battery, a vehicle controller, and a memory, wherein the memory stores a computer program or voice commands, and when the computer program is executed by the vehicle controller, it implements the method provided in the first aspect.

[0279] Fourthly, embodiments of this disclosure provide a storage medium, namely a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program or voice instruction is stored, wherein when the computer program or voice instruction is executed by a processor, the steps in any of the battery power determination methods provided in the first aspect of the above embodiments are implemented.

[0280] Fifthly, embodiments of this disclosure provide a computer program product, which includes a computer program or voice instructions. When the computer program or voice instructions are executed by a processor, they implement the steps in any of the battery power determination methods provided in the first aspect of the above embodiments.

[0281] It should be noted that the descriptions of the above embodiments of storage media, devices, apparatuses, and program products are similar to the descriptions of the above method embodiments, and have similar beneficial effects. For technical details not disclosed in the embodiments of storage media, devices, apparatuses, and program products of this disclosure, please refer to the descriptions of the method embodiments of this disclosure for understanding.

[0282] It should be understood that the phrase "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" throughout the specification means that a specific feature, structure, or characteristic related to the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of this disclosure. Therefore, "in one embodiment" or "in some embodiments" appearing throughout the specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, these specific features, structures, or characteristics can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. It should be understood that in the various embodiments of this disclosure, the sequence numbers of the above-described processes do not imply a sequential order of execution; the execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this disclosure. The sequence numbers of the above-described embodiments are for descriptive purposes only and do not represent the superiority or inferiority of the embodiments.

[0283] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Unless otherwise specified, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element.

[0284] In the several embodiments provided in this disclosure, it should be understood that the disclosed devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined, integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. In addition, the coupling, direct coupling, or communication connection between the various components shown or discussed may be through some interfaces. The indirect coupling or communication connection between devices or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0285] The units described above as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units. They may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0286] In addition, each functional unit in the various embodiments of this disclosure can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can be a separate unit, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit; the integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or in the form of hardware plus software functional units.

[0287] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps of the above method embodiments can be implemented by hardware related to program voice commands. The aforementioned program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When the program is executed, it performs the steps of the above method embodiments. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media that can store program code, such as mobile storage devices, read-only memory (ROM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0288] Alternatively, if the integrated units described above are implemented as software functional modules and sold or used as independent products, they can also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure, or the parts that contribute to related technologies, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several voice commands to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the methods of the various embodiments of this disclosure. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as mobile storage devices, ROMs, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0289] The above are merely embodiments of this disclosure, but the scope of protection of this disclosure is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this disclosure should be included within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0290] It should be understood that if this disclosure references any user data and personal information (including but not limited to device information, behavioral data, location information, etc.) and before applying the technical solutions described in the embodiments of this disclosure, the relevant products or services should comply with the laws and regulations concerning the protection of user data and personal information, strictly process users' personal information and data in accordance with the provisions of applicable laws and regulations throughout the entire data processing lifecycle, follow the principles of legality, legitimacy, necessity, good faith, openness, and transparency, and adopt reasonable privacy design schemes and technical measures to ensure the security of user data and personal information, protect users' legitimate rights and interests, and prevent the risks of leakage, theft, or tampering of user data and personal information.

[0291] Specifically, the company must publish and display its privacy policy in a prominent position on the user interface, clearly informing users of the types, purposes, uses, and methods of processing personal information, as well as other matters that should be disclosed as required by laws and regulations; obtain users' prior informed consent or explicit authorization for data processing through user-initiated interaction (such as confirmation pop-ups); process or store user data securely within the legally required timeframe; adopt a series of security technologies and management measures, including but not limited to data encryption and access control; share and transfer user data within the scope permitted by law and in a legally required manner; and process user rights, including the rights to query, access, correct, delete, withdraw authorization and consent, cancel registration, and obtain copies of personal information, within the legally required timeframe.

Claims

1. A method for determining battery power, characterized in that, The method includes, Obtain battery status data; The target available energy and actual energy used are determined by using the first power meter and the second power meter to determine the battery state data. The first power meter is the power meter corresponding to the first duration, and the second power meter is the power meter corresponding to the second duration, wherein the first duration and the second duration are different; The available energy of the target and the actual energy used are compared to obtain a first comparison result; A table switching judgment is performed on the battery status data and the first comparison result to obtain a switching judgment result; Using the switching judgment result, a target power table is determined based on the first power table and the second power table, so as to determine the target power corresponding to the battery state data using the target power table, and to provide power to the vehicle according to the target power.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of performing a table switching judgment on the battery status data and the first comparison result to obtain a switching judgment result includes: Based on the first comparison result, a table switching judgment is made to obtain the first judgment result in the switching judgment result; The state of charge change value or temperature change value in the battery state data are used to make a switch judgment on the operating point in the table, and a second judgment result is obtained in the switch judgment result.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The step of performing inter-table switching judgment based on the first comparison result to obtain the first judgment result in the switching judgment result includes, If the first comparison result indicates that the actual energy used is less than or equal to the target available energy, then the first judgment result is determined to be that the inter-meter switching of the power meter has not been triggered. If the first comparison result indicates that the actual energy used is greater than the target available energy, then the first judgment result is determined to trigger the inter-meter switching of the power meter.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The step of determining the target power meter based on the first power meter and the second power meter using the switching judgment result includes: If the first determination result is that the inter-meter switching of the power meter has not been triggered, the target power meter is determined to be the current first power meter; If the first determination result is to trigger inter-meter switching of the power meter, the target power meter is determined based on the second power meter.

5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The step of performing an in-table operating condition point switching judgment on the state of charge change value or temperature change value in the battery state data, and obtaining a second judgment result in the switching judgment result, includes, Based on the first state of charge change table, determine the first state of charge change threshold corresponding to the battery state data; The first state of charge transition table is used to characterize the change value of the state of charge over time in each test scenario. Based on the first temperature state change table, the battery state data is determined to correspond to the first temperature change threshold; the first temperature change table is used to characterize the temperature change over time in each test scenario. If the change in state of charge is less than or equal to the first state of charge change threshold, or if the change in temperature is less than or equal to the first temperature change threshold, the second judgment result is determined to be that the switching of the power meter's in-meter operating point has not been triggered. If the change in state of charge is greater than the first threshold value, or if the change in temperature is greater than the first threshold value, the second determination result is determined to trigger the switching of the operating point in the table.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The step of determining the target power meter based on the first power meter and the second power meter using the switching judgment result includes: If the target power meter is the current first power meter and the second judgment result is that the switching of the operating point within the power meter has not been triggered, the target operating point under the first power meter is determined as the initial operating point. The initial operating point is determined based on the scene temperature value and scene state of charge value in the battery state data. When the target power meter is the current first power meter, and the second determination result is to trigger the switching of the operating point of the power meter, the target operating point under the first power meter is determined as the current operating point. The current operating point is determined based on the current temperature value and the current state of charge value in the battery state data.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The method also includes, Based on power test data of the battery under multiple test scenarios, the first power table, the second power table, the first state of charge change table, the first temperature change table, and the first voltage drop rate table are generated. The first voltage drop rate table is used to characterize the voltage change over time in each test scenario.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method also includes, Obtain the first voltage value or the first voltage drop rate from the battery status data; Perform a pre-undervoltage judgment on the first voltage value or the first voltage drop rate to determine whether to trigger the pre-undervoltage strategy.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The step of performing a pre-undervoltage judgment on the first voltage value or the first voltage drop rate to determine whether to trigger the pre-undervoltage strategy includes, If the first voltage value is less than the first threshold and the duration of the first voltage value is greater than or equal to the first value, or if the first voltage drop rate is greater than the second threshold and the duration of the first voltage drop rate is greater than or equal to the second value, the pre-undervoltage strategy is determined to be triggered. The first threshold is determined based on the battery's cutoff voltage; the second threshold is determined based on a first voltage drop rate table.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The step of determining the target available energy and current actual energy usage corresponding to the battery state data through the first power meter and the second power meter includes, Based on the first state of charge, first temperature and second temperature in the battery state data, the first available power is determined by querying the first power table. Based on the first state of charge, the first temperature, and the second temperature, the second available power is determined by querying the second power table. The difference between the first available power and the second available power is accumulated over the first duration to obtain the target available energy; The difference between the actual power used and the second available power is accumulated over a third time period to obtain the real-time energy used; the third time period is the actual operating time.

11. A device for determining battery power, characterized in that, The device includes, The acquisition module is used to acquire battery status data; The determination module is used to determine the target available energy and actual used energy corresponding to the battery state data through a first power meter and a second power meter; the first power meter is the power meter corresponding to a first duration, and the second power meter is the power meter corresponding to a second duration, wherein the first duration and the second duration are different; The comparison module is used to compare the target available energy with the actual used energy to obtain a first comparison result; The judgment module is used to perform a table switching judgment on the battery status data and the first comparison result to obtain a switching judgment result; The determining module is further configured to use the switching judgment result to determine a target power table based on the first power table and the second power table, so as to use the target power table to determine the target power corresponding to the battery state data, and provide power to the vehicle according to the target power.

12. A vehicle, characterized in that, The vehicle includes a battery, a vehicle controller, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and capable of running on the vehicle controller, wherein the computer program, when executed by the vehicle controller, implements the method for determining battery power as described in any one of claims 1 to 10.

Images