Mechanical crash safety retraction seat

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of passive safety protection, in particular to a mechanical collision safety back-off seat, comprising a base; a seat, which is slidably arranged above the base along the running direction of the vehicle; an inertia back-off trigger mechanism, which comprises a locking sliding groove arranged at the top end of the base along the running direction of the vehicle, a back-off spring and a friction sliding block arranged inside the locking sliding groove, the back-off spring being arranged between the inner wall of the closed end of the locking sliding groove and the friction sliding block, the top end of the friction sliding block being fixedly connected with the seat, the rear side of the friction sliding block being provided with a locking hook, and the rear side wall of the friction sliding block and the front side wall of the locking hook abutting to form a static friction pair. The present application adopts a full-mechanical structure inertia trigger design, does not need to rely on the vehicle power supply, electronic sensors and control signals, completely avoids the mechanism failure problem caused by line damage, power failure and signal abnormality under the traditional electric control scheme in the collision working condition, and greatly improves the working stability and protection reliability under extreme working conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of passive safety protection technology, and in particular to a mechanical collision safety retraction seat. Background Technology

[0002] During a train collision, the driver experiences significant forward motion due to inertia, making them susceptible to secondary collisions with internal structures such as the control panel, leading to injuries to critical areas such as the head, chest, neck, and lower limbs. This is especially true for high-speed, heavy vehicles, where the front of the train is prone to crumple during collisions, reducing survival space and making safety protection extremely challenging.

[0003] Currently, collision safety retraction seats mainly employ three methods: electromagnetic drive unlocking, pyrotechnic active control, and manual operation. All of these methods have significant drawbacks when adapting to heavy-load train collision conditions. The electromagnetic drive solution heavily relies on the onboard power supply and electronic signals, and is prone to failure due to circuit damage or power outages during a collision, resulting in poor reliability. The pyrotechnic control solution uses pyrotechnic triggers, which pose safety hazards, have a limited lifespan, and high maintenance costs, with a high risk of accidental triggering, making it unsuitable for large-scale engineering applications. Traditional manual operation methods cannot achieve automatic collision response and cannot meet the emergency protection needs of sudden collisions.

[0004] In summary, existing collision seat inertia retreat triggering mechanisms generally suffer from technical defects such as reliance on electronic power supply, insufficient reliability, safety hazards, and inability to automatically respond to collision conditions. There is a lack of a purely mechanical, non-electrically dependent, pyrotechnic-free, adaptive collision inertia triggering mechanism with stable and reliable response, which makes it difficult to effectively avoid direct collision damage between occupants and the front structure of the vehicle during a collision. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by proposing a mechanical collision safety retraction seat.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a mechanical collision safety retraction seat, including a base;

[0007] A seat, which is slidably disposed above the base along the vehicle's direction of travel;

[0008] An inertial retraction trigger mechanism is provided between the base and the seat. The inertial retraction trigger mechanism includes a locking groove located at the top of the base along the vehicle's running direction, with the rear end of the locking groove being an open structure. A retraction spring and a friction slider are provided inside the locking groove. The retraction spring is located between the inner wall of the closed end of the locking groove and the friction slider. The top end of the friction slider is fixedly connected to the seat. A locking hook is provided on the rear side of the friction slider, and the rear side wall of the friction slider abuts against the front side wall of the locking hook to form a static friction pair.

[0009] The base has a through-hole at the position of the locking hook, the locking hook is located in the through-hole, the hook part of the locking hook faces the direction of vehicle travel, the base has a limiting block at the bottom of the front side of the locking hook, the top of the hook part of the locking hook abuts against the bottom of the limiting block, and a trigger spring is provided at the top of the locking hook, the trigger spring is located between the bottom of the seat and the top of the locking hook.

[0010] Preferably, a sliding guide mechanism is provided between the base and the seat. The sliding guide mechanism includes two slide rails extending along the vehicle running direction and sliders respectively slidably disposed in the slide rails. The two slide rails are symmetrically disposed on both sides of the top of the base, and the tops of the two sliders are fixedly connected to the seat.

[0011] Preferably, a limiting hole is longitudinally formed on the base of the locking hook, and a positioning pin is transversely provided in the receiving hole, with the positioning pin passing through the limiting hole.

[0012] Preferably, the contact surfaces of the friction slider and the locking hook are provided with a mesh knurled texture.

[0013] Preferably, there are two trigger springs, symmetrically arranged on both sides of the top of the locking hook.

[0014] Compared with existing technologies, this invention first adopts a fully mechanical inertial trigger design, which does not rely on vehicle power supply, electronic sensors and control signals. It completely avoids the problem of mechanism failure caused by circuit damage, power failure and signal abnormality in traditional electronic control schemes under collision conditions, and greatly improves working stability and protection reliability under extreme conditions.

[0015] Meanwhile, this invention abandons the pyrotechnic triggering structure, does not require pyrotechnics to assist in triggering, has no flammable or explosive safety hazards, has no limit on the expiration date of consumables, and can be repeatedly reset and used, which greatly reduces the cost of later equipment maintenance, replacement and operation and maintenance, and has stronger engineering implementation and adaptability.

[0016] Furthermore, this invention can achieve controllable collision trigger threshold through structural matching. When a train collides and the driver experiences inertial forward displacement, the mechanism can be unlocked quickly and the seat can be automatically retracted. This effectively increases the safe distance between the driver and rigid structures such as the control panel in front, avoiding secondary rigid collisions and significantly reducing the risk of collision damage to critical body parts such as the driver's head, chest, and neck. It has excellent protective effects and is suitable for high-speed, heavy-load, and high-safety-level operating conditions of trains. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the present invention (direction one);

[0018] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the present invention (direction two);

[0019] Figure 3 This is a partial enlarged view of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 4 This is a BB cross-sectional view of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 5 This is a diagram showing the motion response of the dummy during the seat retraction process of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 6 This is a diagram showing the damage assessment of the dummy during the seat retraction process of the present invention.

[0023] Legend:

[0024] 1. Base; 101. Limiting block; 2. Seat; 3. Inertial return trigger mechanism; 301. Locking groove; 302. Return spring; 303. Friction slider; 304. Locking hook; 305. Receiving hole; 306. Trigger spring; 307. Positioning pin; 308. Limiting hole; 4. Sliding guide mechanism; 401. Slide rail; 402. Slider. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in this application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0026] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another component, it can be directly on or indirectly set on the other component; when a component is referred to as being "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to or indirectly connected to the other component.

[0027] It should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0028] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "a plurality of" or "several" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0029] It should be noted that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc., shown in the accompanying drawings of this specification are only for the purpose of assisting those skilled in the art in understanding and reading the content disclosed in the specification, and are not intended to limit the conditions under which this application can be implemented. Therefore, they have no substantial technical significance. Any modifications to the structure, changes in the proportions, or adjustments to the size should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed in this application, provided that they do not affect the effects and purposes that this application can produce.

[0030] Reference Figure 1-4This invention provides a mechanical collision safety retraction seat: It includes a base 1; a seat 2, the seat 2 being slidably disposed above the base 1 along the vehicle's direction of travel; a sliding guide mechanism 4 is provided between the base 1 and the seat 2, the sliding guide mechanism 4 including two slide rails 401 extending along the vehicle's direction of travel and sliders 402 respectively slidably disposed within the slide rails 401, the two slide rails 401 being symmetrically disposed on both sides of the top end of the base 1, and the top ends of both sliders 402 being fixedly connected to the seat 2; and an inertial retraction trigger mechanism 3, the inertial retraction trigger mechanism 3 being disposed between the base 1 and the seat 2. The inertial return trigger mechanism 3 includes a locking groove 301 located at the top of the base 1 along the vehicle's running direction. The rear end of the locking groove 301 is open. A return spring 302 and a friction slider 303 are disposed inside the locking groove 301. The return spring 302 is normally compressed and is located between the inner wall of the closed end of the locking groove 301 and the friction slider 303. The top end of the friction slider 303 is fixedly connected to the seat 2. A locking hook 304 is provided on the rear side of the friction slider 303, and the rear side wall of the friction slider 303 abuts against the front side wall of the locking hook 304. A static friction pair is formed. The contact surfaces of the friction slider 303 and the locking hook 304 are provided with a mesh knurled texture. The base 1 has a vertically penetrating receiving hole 305 corresponding to the position of the locking hook 304. The locking hook 304 is disposed in the receiving hole 305, with the hook portion of the locking hook 304 facing the vehicle's direction of travel. The base 1 has a limiting block 101 at the bottom front side of the locking hook 304. The top end of the hook portion of the locking hook 304 abuts against the bottom end of the limiting block 101. By installing limiting blocks 101 of different sizes, the height of the locking hook 304 in the receiving hole 305 can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the trigger spring 306. The degree of compression is controlled to achieve a controllable collision trigger threshold. A limiting hole 308 is longitudinally opened on the base of the locking hook 304. A positioning pin 307 is transversely provided in the receiving hole 305. The positioning pin 307 passes through the limiting hole 308. A trigger spring 306 is provided on the top of the locking hook 304. The trigger spring 306 is in a compressed state under normal conditions. The trigger spring 306 is located between the bottom end of the seat 2 and the top end of the locking hook 304. There are two trigger springs 306, which are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the top end of the locking hook 304. The sum of the preload of the two trigger springs 306 is less than the rated elastic force of the return spring 302.

[0031] The working process of this embodiment will be described in detail below in conjunction with its working principle:

[0032] Normal locking state

[0033] Under normal driving conditions, the rear sidewall of the friction slider 303 abuts against the front sidewall of the locking hook 304. The static friction between the two can overcome the downward thrust of the trigger spring 306, keeping the locking hook 304 in the initial height position in the receiving hole 305. At this time, the locking hook 304 blocks the rear of the friction slider 303, restricting the friction slider 303 from moving backward under the thrust of the return spring 302, thus restraining the seat 2 in the initial working position and maintaining riding stability.

[0034] It should be noted that the preload of the trigger spring 306 is much smaller than the elastic force of the return spring 302, and the friction pair is only used to balance the small thrust of the trigger spring 306; during normal driving, there is no relative sliding between the friction slider 303 and the locking hook 304, and the wear is minimal.

[0035] Collision Triggering and Retreat Process

[0036] When a head-on collision occurs and the vehicle deceleration reaches a preset trigger threshold, the seat 2 and friction slider 303 undergo a slight forward displacement due to their own inertia. This causes the side of the friction slider 303 to disengage from the side of the locking hook 304, creating a gap, and the static friction between them disappears instantly. At this moment, the trigger spring 306, which is in a compressed state, immediately releases its elastic force, pushing the locking hook 304 downward through the guide pin 307 in the limiting hole 308, sinking into the receiving hole 305 of the base 1, and completely disengaging from the friction slider 303.

[0037] After the locking hook 304 is unlocked, the return spring 302 loses its constraint and instantly releases the stored elastic potential energy, pushing the friction slider 303 to slide backward along the locking groove 301, which in turn drives the seat 2 and the two side sliders 402 to move backward quickly along the slide rail 401 until they reach the end of their travel. This ultimately increases the safe distance between the driver and the front control panel, preventing secondary collisions between the occupants and the hard structure in front.

[0038] Anti-false triggering mechanism

[0039] This device possesses inherent anti-false triggering capability: unlocking requires the friction slider 303 to generate sufficient forward displacement to eliminate the static friction force of the friction pair, and this inertial displacement threshold is significantly greater than the vibration and bump displacement amplitude of normal train operation. Combined with the knurled texture of the contact surface to increase the static friction coefficient, false locking will not occur under normal operating conditions. If applied to extreme environments such as oil stains or dust, the friction slider 303 can be designed as a replaceable wear part; regular replacement ensures long-term operational reliability.

[0040] Verification of protective effect

[0041] refer to Figure 5The dummy's motion response curve shows that the seat 2 retraction action is triggered quickly, and the displacement increases steadily over time, eventually reaching the maximum protection stroke; there is no obvious deflection or jamming during the entire retraction process, demonstrating good directional stability.

[0042] refer to Figure 6 The results of the dummy injury assessment show that, under the same collision conditions, compared with traditional non-retractable seats, this solution can reduce head injury by up to 64.1%, neck injury by up to 71.3%, and chest injury by up to 80.7%, significantly reducing injuries to key parts of the occupants and demonstrating outstanding protective effects.

[0043] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mechanical collision safety recoil-free seat, characterized in that, Including the base (1); Seat (2), which is slidably disposed above the base (1) along the vehicle running direction; An inertial return trigger mechanism (3) is provided between the base (1) and the seat (2). The inertial return trigger mechanism (3) includes a locking groove (301) located at the top of the base (1) along the vehicle running direction. The rear end of the locking groove (301) is an open structure. The locking groove (301) is provided with a return spring (302) and a friction slider (303) inside. The return spring (302) is located between the inner wall of the closed end of the locking groove (301) and the friction slider (303). The top end of the friction slider (303) is fixedly connected to the seat (2). The rear side of the friction slider (303) is provided with a locking hook (304). The rear side wall of the friction slider (303) abuts against the front side wall of the locking hook (304) to form a static friction pair. The base (1) has a through-hole (305) at the position corresponding to the locking hook (304). The locking hook (304) is located in the through-hole (305). The hook part of the locking hook (304) faces the direction of vehicle operation. The base (1) has a limiting block (101) at the bottom of the front side of the locking hook (304). The top of the hook part of the locking hook (304) abuts against the bottom of the limiting block (101). The top of the locking hook (304) is provided with a trigger spring (306). The trigger spring (306) is located between the bottom of the seat (2) and the top of the locking hook (304).

2. The mechanical collision safety retraction seat according to claim 1, characterized in that, A sliding guide mechanism (4) is provided between the base (1) and the seat (2). The sliding guide mechanism (4) includes two slide rails (401) extending along the vehicle running direction and sliders (402) respectively slidably disposed in the slide rails (401). The two slide rails (401) are symmetrically disposed on both sides of the top of the base (1), and the tops of the two sliders (402) are fixedly connected to the seat (2).

3. A mechanical collision safety retraction seat according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The locking hook (304) has a longitudinally extending limiting hole (308) on its base, and a locating pin (307) is provided laterally in the receiving hole (305), with the locating pin (307) passing through the limiting hole (308).

4. A mechanical collision safety retraction seat according to claim 3, characterized in that, The contact surfaces of the friction slider (303) and the locking hook (304) are provided with a mesh knurled texture.

5. A mechanical collision safety retraction seat according to claim 4, characterized in that, The number of trigger springs (306) is two, which are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the top of the locking hook (304).

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