A conveyor material anti-blocking device and a method of using the same

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of material conveying, in particular to a conveyor material anti-blocking device and its use method, which solves the problems of material bridging, adhesion to the inner wall of the cylinder and blockage of the discharge pipe during conveying. The device comprises a conveying cylinder, a vibration mechanism inside the conveying cylinder, the vibration mechanism comprising an eccentric block fixed on a shaft, a pressure relief mechanism at the bottom of the conveying cylinder near the discharge pipe, the pressure relief mechanism comprising a U-shaped return pipe and a pressure relief plate arranged in the return pipe, when blockage occurs near the discharge pipe, the material pressure pushes the pressure relief plate to open the return pipe, part of the material returns to the feed hopper along the return pipe, reducing the pressure at the blockage point, the outer wall of the shaft is also provided with a plurality of scraping mechanisms, each scraping mechanism comprising a floating scraper and a scraper blade, the floating scraper opens outward under the action of centrifugal force, contacts and scrapes the adhering material on the inner wall of the cylinder. The device is used for conveying bulk materials such as coal, which can reduce blockage and material adhesion.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of material conveying technology, and in particular to a material anti-blocking device for a conveyor and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] In the conveying of solid materials in industries such as coal, chemical, and food, screw conveyors are common continuous conveying equipment. They use rotating helical blades inside the cylinder to push the material along the axial direction. To address the problem of material sticking to the cylinder wall or forming bridges during the conveying process, the conventional practice in this field is to install a mechanical vibrator or hammer on the outer wall of the cylinder, or to set a fixed scraper on the screw shaft.

[0003] For external vibrators or hammers, the vibration energy needs to be transmitted through the cylinder wall to the adhesive layer on the inner wall. When transporting over long distances or when the cylinder stiffness is uneven, the vibration transmission is attenuated, resulting in limited cleaning effect on the far end of the cylinder. At the same time, continuous impact may cause cumulative damage to the cylinder welds or weak points in the structure. Although fixed scrapers can directly contact the cylinder wall, the continuous friction between the scraper and the cylinder wall when the conveyor is running under no-load or low-load conditions will cause unnecessary wear and power loss. After long-term operation, scraper wear will lead to an increase in the gap between the scraper and the cylinder wall, resulting in a decrease in the cleaning effect.

[0004] At the end of the conveying process, the area near the discharge pipe is a high-risk area for blockages. Once a blockage occurs, the material will accumulate in front of the blockage point under the continuous pushing of the spiral blades, causing a sharp increase in local pressure. Existing equipment usually lacks an active pressure release mechanism for this condition. Operators often need to clean the pipe section by using external tools through the observation port or by disassembling the pipe section after the machine is stopped. This process not only interrupts production but also poses certain safety risks when dealing with high-pressure accumulated materials. Some improvement solutions attempt to add pressure relief ports to the side wall of the cylinder, but simple openings are difficult to automatically reset and seal after pressure relief, which may cause material leakage or affect the normal conveying flow field. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention addresses the problems of energy attenuation in external vibrators, significant wear on fixed scrapers, and inability to automatically handle discharge pipe blockages in traditional screw conveyors. During the development process, it was discovered that existing technologies using external vibrators suffer from energy attenuation after transmission through the cylinder, resulting in extremely poor cleaning performance at the distal end; continuous friction between the fixed scraper and the cylinder wall, coupled with increased gaps due to wear, leads to cleaning failure; conventional pressure relief ports cannot automatically reset, easily causing material leakage; and manual unblocking rods are slow to respond, often causing equipment jamming.

[0006] This invention organically combines a coaxial vibration mechanism, an adaptive scraping mechanism, an automatic pressure relief and circulation mechanism, a shaft linkage unblocking mechanism, and an axial pressure release mechanism. It simultaneously achieves conveying, vibration, and unblocking through a single motor drive, and utilizes centrifugal force to achieve adaptive scraper clamping, thus proposing a material anti-blocking device for conveyors and its usage method.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A material anti-blocking device for a conveyor, comprising: Conveying cylinder; The shaft is rotatably connected to the inside of the conveying cylinder; The spiral conveyor blades are fixed to the outer wall of the shaft. A feed hopper is fixedly connected to one side of the top of the conveying cylinder; The discharge pipe is fixedly connected to the bottom of the conveying cylinder on the side away from the feed hopper; The motor and gearbox are fixed to one end of the conveying cylinder by a frame. The output shaft of the motor is fixedly connected to the input shaft of the gearbox, and the output shaft of the gearbox is fixedly connected to one end of the shaft. A vibration mechanism is provided inside the conveying cylinder, including an eccentric block fixed to the outer wall of the shaft. The eccentric block is located near the gearbox on the shaft and is used to cause the shaft to generate periodic radial vibration. The pressure relief mechanism includes a U-shaped return pipe fixed to the bottom of the conveying cylinder, a rotating shaft rotatably disposed within the return pipe, and a pressure relief plate fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating shaft. The pressure relief plate is used to open under material pressure to connect the return pipe; and... Multiple scraping mechanisms are fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the shaft. Each scraping mechanism includes a ring seat, multiple floating scrapers hinged to the ring seat, and scraper blades disposed at the end of the floating scraper away from the shaft. The floating scraper is used to drive the scraper blades to contact the inner wall of the conveying cylinder under the action of centrifugal force. The motor drives the shaft and the spiral conveyor blades to rotate and convey the material. The vibration mechanism generates vibration to prevent the material from sticking together. The pressure relief mechanism relieves pressure on the material when the discharge pipe is blocked. The scraping mechanism scrapes off the material adhering to the inner wall of the conveying cylinder during the rotation of the shaft.

[0008] In one possible design, the vibration mechanism further includes two support bushings fixed to the outer wall of the shaft near both ends, and both support bushings are rotatably connected to the inner wall of the conveying cylinder via a rotary bearing; The support bushing consists of an outer metal ring, a rubber ring, and an inner metal ring. The inner metal ring is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the shaft, the rubber ring is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the inner metal ring, and the outer metal ring is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the rubber ring. When the shaft rotates, the support bushing supports the shaft and isolates vibration.

[0009] In one possible design, the pressure relief mechanism further includes multiple springs fixed to the bottom of the pressure relief plate by spring seats. The bottom ends of the multiple springs are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the return pipe by spring seats. The return pipe is U-shaped, with its two ends close to the discharge pipe and the feed hopper, respectively. The rotating shaft is rotatably disposed inside the return pipe and located at the end of the return pipe close to the discharge pipe. Multiple counterweights I are fixed to the bottom of the pressure relief plate, and the counterweights I are located at the end of the pressure relief plate close to the rotating shaft. One end of the rotating shaft extends rotatably to one side of the return pipe and is fixed with a handle. When a blockage occurs near the discharge pipe of the conveying cylinder, the pressure relief plate rotates under the pressure of the material to open the return pipe, allowing the material to return to the feed hopper along the return pipe to reduce the material density at the blockage point. After the blockage is cleared, the pressure relief plate resets and closes the return pipe under the action of the spring force and the gravity of the counterweight I.

[0010] In one possible design, a magnet is fixed to the bottom of the pressure relief plate near the rotating shaft, and an iron limiting block located below the magnet is fixed to the inner wall of one side of the return pipe. The magnet and the iron limiting block are magnetically attracted to each other, so that the pressure relief plate is kept horizontal and the pressure relief plate is limited.

[0011] In one possible design, the scraping mechanism further includes multiple grooves on the outer wall of the ring seat. The ring seat is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the shaft. A rotating rod I is fixedly sleeved on the inner wall of the groove. The floating scraper is rotatably sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating rod I. Two torsion springs are sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating rod I. The ends of the two torsion springs that are close to each other are fixedly connected to the floating scraper through spring seats. The ends of the two torsion springs that are far from each other are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the groove through spring seats. A fixing block is fixed on one side of the floating scraper near the shaft, and the fixing block is located in the groove. A counterweight II is fixed on the side of the fixing block away from the shaft. A mounting plate is fixed to the end of the floating scraper away from the fixing block by bolts. The scraper blade is welded to one side of the mounting plate. A limit plate is fixed in the groove to limit the floating scraper when it rotates under the centrifugal force of the counterweight II, so as to prevent the floating scraper from rotating excessively. When the shaft rotates, the centrifugal force generated by the counterweight II and the fixed block causes the floating scraper to overcome the torsion of the torsion spring and drive the scraper blade to contact the inner wall of the conveying cylinder to scrape off the material.

[0012] In one possible design, the floating scraper has an installation groove, a rubber block is fixed in the installation groove, a rotating ring is fixed in the rubber block, and the rotating ring is rotatably sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating rod I. A corrugated protective cover is fixed inside the groove, and one end of the floating scraper is fixed through the corrugated protective cover.

[0013] In one possible design, the inner wall of the conveying cylinder is provided with a plurality of release grooves, one end of each of the plurality of release grooves extending to the position of the discharge pipe.

[0014] In one possible design, a plurality of observation windows are bolted to one side of the conveying cylinder, and the positions of the observation windows correspond to those of the ring seat.

[0015] In one possible design, the inner wall of the discharge pipe is slidably connected to an inner ring, and the outer wall of the discharge pipe is provided with multiple sliding grooves. Each of the multiple sliding grooves is slidably connected to a sliding rod, and the sliding rod is fixed to the outer wall of the inner ring. The outer wall of the discharge pipe is slidably fitted with an outer ring. The end of the sliding rod away from the inner ring is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer ring. A lifting plate is fixed to one side of the outer ring. A guide rod slides through the lifting plate. The top end of the guide rod is fixedly connected to the bottom of the conveying cylinder. One end of the shaft extends rotatably to one side of the conveying cylinder and is fixed to a rotating disk. A rotating rod II is rotatably connected to one side of the rotating disk off-center via a pin. One end of the rotating rod II is rotatably connected to the lifting plate. Multiple anchor pins pass through the sliding rod. The two ends of the anchor pins pass through the inner ring and the outer ring respectively. The outer ring is provided with a threaded hole, and the anchor pins are threaded into the threaded hole. When the material in the discharge pipe becomes blocked, the anchor is rotated so that its end extends into the discharge pipe. When the shaft rotates, it drives the inner and outer rings to move up and down repeatedly through the rotating disk, rotating rod II and lifting plate, so that the inner ring cooperates with the anchor to move the material and clear the discharge pipe.

[0016] A method of using a material anti-blocking device for a conveyor includes the following steps: S1. Start motor 6, after speed adjustment by gearbox 7, drives shaft 4 to rotate, which in turn drives spiral conveyor blade 5 to rotate; coal material enters conveyor cylinder 1 from feed hopper 2 and is pushed to discharge pipe 3; at the same time, eccentric block 9 rotates with shaft 4 to generate periodic centrifugal force, which forces shaft 4 to vibrate radially, and transmits it to the cylinder wall of conveyor cylinder 1 through inner metal ring 13, rubber ring 12, outer metal ring 11, and rotating bearing 10, loosening the inner wall adhesive layer, and rubber ring 12 buffers the impact; S2 and shaft 4 drive the scraping mechanism to rotate. The counterweight II 30 and the fixed block 29 generate centrifugal force, which overcomes the reset torque of the torsion spring 26, causing the floating scraper 31 to open outward around the rotating rod I 24, driving the scraper blade 33 to contact the inner wall of the cylinder to scrape off the material. When the speed changes, the centrifugal force changes, and the clamping force is adjusted adaptively. When the machine stops, the torsion spring 26 causes the scraper to retract. When encountering a hard object, the reaction force causes the floating scraper 31 to retract towards the ring seat 22, and the rubber block 28 is compressed to absorb energy. S3. During the conveying process, the release trough 35 provides an axial bypass channel, allowing some material to bypass the gap between the spiral conveying blade 5 and the cylinder wall, reducing local extrusion pressure and maintaining stable material flow. S4. When the discharge pipe 3 is blocked, the pressure in the return pipe 14 increases, which pushes the pressure relief plate 16 to rotate around the shaft 15, opening the channel. The material returns to the feed hopper 2 through the U-shaped return pipe 14 to form a cycle. After the blockage is cleared, the pressure drops. The spring 17 push, the counterweight I 20 gravity and the magnetic attraction of the magnet 19 and the iron limit block 18 cause the pressure relief plate 16 to close the channel. S5 and shaft 4 drive the rotating disk 37 to rotate, and drive the lifting plate 39 to reciprocate along the guide rod 40 via rotating rod II 38. This causes the outer ring 44, sliding rod 43, inner ring 41 and anchor 45 to move up and down along the discharge pipe 3 axis. The anchor 45 repeatedly inserts into and pulls out of the material layer, actively clearing blockages.

[0017] Beneficial effects: In this invention, by setting up a vibration mechanism including an eccentric block and a support bushing with a rubber ring, periodic radial vibration can be generated and transmitted to the inner wall of the conveying cylinder while the shaft rotates normally to convey materials. This effectively loosens and prevents materials from adhering. At the same time, the rubber ring absorbs the impact, protects the bearings and drive components, and extends the service life of the equipment. In this invention, a scraping mechanism comprising a floating scraper, a torsion spring, a counterweight II, and a scraper blade is set up. The centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the shaft is used as the driving force to realize the dynamic scraping of the inner wall of the conveying cylinder by the scraper blade. The scraping pressure is adaptively adjusted with the rotation speed and automatically retracts when the machine is at low speed or stopped, reducing unnecessary wear. At the same time, the design of the rubber block and the corrugated protective cover provides overload protection and dust prevention, improving the reliability and ease of maintenance of the mechanism. In this invention, by setting up a pressure relief mechanism including a U-shaped return pipe, a pressure relief plate, a spring, a counterweight I, and a magnet, a material return channel can be automatically opened when a blockage occurs near the discharge pipe, guiding the material back to the feed end to form a short-circuit loop, which quickly reduces the material density and pressure at the blockage point, effectively preventing equipment jamming or damage caused by excessive pressure, and automatically resetting after the blockage is cleared, realizing fully automatic release and management of blockage pressure; In this invention, by setting up a rotating disk, rotating rod II, lifting plate, and discharge pipe unblocking structure with inner ring, outer ring and anchor nail linked to the shaft, the continuous rotational motion of the shaft is converted into the up and down reciprocating motion of the anchor nail in the discharge pipe, which actively moves and loosens the material in the discharge pipe, preventing and unblocking the blockage problem of the discharge port from the source and ensuring the smooth discharge of material.

[0018] In this invention, the vibration mechanism uses an eccentric block to cause the shaft to vibrate periodically in the radial direction, which loosens the material adhering to the inner wall of the cylinder periodically, preventing the formation of a strong adhesive layer. The support bushing can both support the shaft and isolate the vibration impact. When the discharge pipe is blocked, the material can enter the return pipe to form a "short-circuit circulation" to reduce the material density at the blockage point. The pressure relief plate opens and closes automatically. The floating scraper and scraper blade of the scraping mechanism open outward to scrape the material when the shaft rotates, and automatically retract when the speed decreases or the machine stops, reducing static wear and achieving adaptive adjustment of scraping pressure. It can also avoid damage when encountering large hard materials. The release groove can reduce local pressure and play a guiding role, ensuring the smooth operation of the conveyor and improving production efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a material anti-blocking device for a conveyor provided by the present invention; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of a material anti-blocking device for a conveyor provided by the present invention; Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged structural diagram at point A in the middle; Figure 4 A three-dimensional exploded structural diagram of the shaft, spiral conveying blades, and rotating bearing of a material anti-blocking device for a conveyor provided by the present invention; Figure 5 for Figure 4 Enlarged structural diagram at point B; Figure 6 A three-dimensional exploded view of the pressure relief plate and spring of a conveyor material anti-blocking device provided by the present invention; Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the conveyor cylinder and ring seat of a material anti-blocking device for a conveyor provided by the present invention; Figure 8 A three-dimensional cross-sectional view of the ring seat of a material anti-blocking device for a conveyor provided by the present invention; Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional exploded view of the handle, rubber block, and scraper blade of a conveyor material anti-blocking device provided by the present invention. Figure 10This is a cross-sectional view of the discharge pipe and lifting plate of a material anti-blocking device for a conveyor provided by the present invention. Figure 11 This is a three-dimensional exploded view of the outer ring, inner ring, and rotating disk of a conveyor material anti-blocking device provided by the present invention.

[0020] In the diagram: 1. Conveying cylinder; 2. Feed hopper; 3. Discharge pipe; 4. Shaft; 5. Screw conveyor blades; 6. Motor; 7. Gearbox; 8. Support bushing; 9. Eccentric block; 10. Rotary bearing; 11. Outer metal ring; 12. Rubber ring; 13. Inner metal ring; 14. Return pipe; 15. Rotating shaft; 16. Pressure relief plate; 17. Spring; 18. Iron limit block; 19. Magnet block; 20. Counterweight I; 21. Handle; 22. Ring seat; 23. 24. Groove; 25. Rotating rod I; 26. Rotating ring; 27. Torsion spring; 28. Mounting groove; 29. ​​Rubber block; 30. Fixing block; 31. Counterweight II; 32. Floating scraper; 33. Mounting plate; 34. Scraper blade; 35. Corrugated protective cover; 36. Release groove; 37. Observation window; 38. Rotating disc; 39. Rotating rod II; 40. Lifting plate; 41. Guide rod; 42. Inner ring; 43. Sliding groove; 44. Sliding rod; 45. Outer ring; 46. Anchor nail. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0022] In one embodiment: Refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2A material anti-blocking device for a conveyor, relating to the field of material conveying technology, includes a conveying cylinder 1 with a hollow interior for containing and conveying coal material. A shaft 4 is rotatably connected inside the conveying cylinder 1, arranged along the axial centerline of the conveying cylinder 1. Spiral conveying blades 5 are fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the shaft 4, rotating under the drive of the shaft 4 to apply thrust to the coal material entering the conveying cylinder 1, causing it to move axially. A feed hopper 2 is fixedly connected to one side of the top of the conveying cylinder 1, through which the coal material flows. The hopper 2 enters the interior of the conveying cylinder 1. A discharge pipe 3 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the conveying cylinder 1 on the side away from the hopper 2. The coal material to be conveyed to the end is discharged from the discharge pipe 3. A motor 6 and a gearbox 7 are fixedly installed at one end of the conveying cylinder 1 through the frame. The output shaft of the motor 6 is fixedly connected to the input shaft of the gearbox 7. The output shaft of the gearbox 7 is fixedly connected to one end of the shaft 4. The power generated by the motor 6 is transmitted to the shaft 4 after the speed is adjusted by the gearbox 7. This is used to drive the shaft 4 and the spiral conveying blades 5 to rotate at a set speed to continuously convey the coal material.

[0023] Reference Figure 1 It also includes a controller (not shown in the figure), which is electrically connected to the motor 6. The controller is used to control the start, stop and speed of the motor 6 according to a preset program or sensor signal. The controller is a programmable logic controller (PLC) or a microcontroller. It receives signals from pressure sensors (not shown in the figure) installed in the discharge pipe 3 or return pipe 14. When the pressure exceeds the threshold, the controller controls the motor 6 to decelerate or reverse in order to cooperate with the pressure relief mechanism to clear the blockage.

[0024] Reference Figure 2 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 In order to reduce or avoid material bridging or material adhesion to the inner wall of the cylinder during the conveying process, a vibration mechanism is installed inside the conveying cylinder 1. This vibration mechanism generates and transmits vibration energy during the conveying operation of the shaft 4 and the spiral conveying blades 5, causing the material layer attached to the inner wall of the conveying cylinder 1 to be periodically disturbed and loosened, thereby preventing the formation of a firm and continuously thickening adhesive layer. Specifically, the vibration mechanism includes an eccentric block 9 fixed on the outer wall of the shaft 4, and the eccentric block 9 is located on the shaft 4 near the gearbox 7. When the shaft 4 rotates, the eccentric block 9 generates a periodically changing centrifugal force because its center of mass is not on the axis of rotation. This centrifugal force forces the shaft 4 to vibrate radially.

[0025] Reference Figure 2 , Figure 4 and Figure 5The vibration mechanism may further include two support bushings 8 fixed to the outer wall of the shaft 4 near both ends. These two support bushings 8 are rotatably connected to the inner wall of the conveying cylinder 1 via rotating bearings 10. The support bushings 8 are used to bear the weight of the shaft 4 and ensure its rotational stability. Each support bushing 8 consists of a three-layer structure: an outer metal ring 11, a rubber ring 12, and an inner metal ring 13. The inner metal ring 13 is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the shaft 4 and does not rotate relative to the shaft 4. The inner metal ring 13 is fixedly sleeved on the inner wall of the rubber ring 12, that is, the inner wall of the rubber ring 12 is tightly fitted with the outer wall of the inner metal ring 13. The outer metal ring 11 is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the rubber ring 12, that is, the outer wall of the rubber ring 12 is tightly fitted with the inner wall of the outer metal ring 11. The outer wall of the outer metal ring 11 is fixedly connected to the inner ring of the rotating bearing 10. The rotating bearing 10 is a dustproof bearing with a sealing ring. Labyrinth seals or skeleton oil seals are provided at the mating surfaces of the bearing and the conveying cylinder 1 and the inner metal ring 13.

[0026] Specifically, when the shaft 4 rotates, due to the presence of the eccentric block 9, the shaft 4 will generate periodic radial vibration. This vibration is directly transmitted to the screw conveyor blade 5 through the shaft 4, and also to the inner metal ring 13 of the support sleeve 8 through the shaft 4. The inner metal ring 13 transmits the vibration to the rubber ring 12 fixed to it. The rubber ring 12 has elastic and damping characteristics, which can absorb part of the vibration energy and transmit the attenuated vibration to the outer metal ring 11 and the conveying cylinder 1. In this way, the vibration is finally transmitted to the inner wall of the conveying cylinder 1, causing the material layer attached to the inner wall of the cylinder to loosen periodically, preventing the formation of a strong adhesive layer. At the same time, the support sleeve 8 provides a stable support point when the shaft 4 rotates, and through the buffering effect of the rubber ring 12, it isolates the direct impact of vibration on the shaft 4 itself to a certain extent, protecting the shaft 4 and the connecting parts.

[0027] Reference Figure 2 The device also includes a pressure relief mechanism for automatically depressurizing the material in the blocked area when the material is blocked near the discharge pipe 3, so as to alleviate pressure concentration. The pressure relief mechanism includes a return pipe 14 fixed to the bottom of the conveying cylinder 1, which provides an alternative flow path for the coal material in the event of a blockage.

[0028] Reference Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 6The pressure relief mechanism also includes a rotating shaft 15. The overall shape of the return pipe 14 is U-shaped, with its two ends connected to different positions on the conveying cylinder 1. Specifically, one end of the return pipe 14 is close to the discharge pipe 3, and the other end is close to the feed hopper 2. The rotating shaft 15 is rotatably installed inside the return pipe 14, and the rotating shaft 15 is located at the end of the return pipe 14 close to the discharge pipe 3. A pressure relief plate 16 is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating shaft 15. The shape of the pressure relief plate 16 matches the cross-section of the return pipe 14 and is used to close the channel of the return pipe 14. Multiple springs 17 are fixedly connected to the bottom of the pressure relief plate 16 through spring seats. The bottom ends of these springs 17 are also fixedly connected to the inner wall of the return pipe 14 through spring seats. The springs 17 are used to provide a thrust to push the pressure relief plate 16 around the rotating shaft 15. The pressure relief plate 16 is rotated upwards to maintain its horizontal position under normal conditions, thereby sealing the return pipe 14. Multiple counterweights I20 are also fixed at the bottom of the pressure relief plate 16, and these counterweights I20 are located at one end of the pressure relief plate 16 near the rotating shaft 15. The gravity of the counterweights I20 also tends to make the pressure relief plate 16 rotate upwards around the rotating shaft 15, maintaining a horizontal and closed state. One end of the rotating shaft 15 extends to the outside of one side of the return pipe 14, and a handle 21 is fixedly installed at this end. By observing the position of the handle 21 or the rotation resistance, the operator can indirectly understand whether there is a blockage in the conveying cylinder 1. After the inside of the conveying cylinder 1 is cleaned and unblocked, the pressure relief plate 16 rotates upwards under the action of the spring 17 and the counterweights I20, returning the pressure relief plate 16 to a horizontal and closed state.

[0029] Specifically, when a blockage occurs near the discharge pipe 3 in the conveying cylinder 1, the material continuously conveyed by the spiral conveying blades 5 cannot be discharged smoothly from the discharge pipe 3. This causes the material pressure in the upstream area of ​​the blockage point to rise rapidly. Under high pressure, some material is squeezed into the return pipe 14 near the end of the discharge pipe 3. This material pushes the pressure relief plate 16. When the pressure exerted by the material exceeds the sum of the thrust of the spring 17 and the weight of the counterweight I 20, the pressure relief plate 16 rotates counterclockwise around the shaft 15, thereby opening the channel of the return pipe 14, allowing the material to pass through. The material then flows along the U-shaped return pipe 14 and eventually returns to the position of the feed hopper 2 inside the conveying cylinder 1, that is, back to the feed end of the conveying system. This forms a "short-circuit loop" from the discharge end to the feed end, which effectively reduces the material density and pressure near the blockage point. When the blockage is cleared, the pressure in the return pipe 14 decreases. Under the combined action of the elastic force of the spring 17 and the gravity of the counterweight I 20, the pressure relief plate 16 rotates clockwise and reverses, eventually returning to the horizontal position and closing the channel of the return pipe 14 again.

[0030] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 6A magnet 19 is fixed at the bottom of the pressure relief plate 16 near the rotating shaft 15. On the inner wall of the return pipe 14, directly below the magnet 19, an iron limiting block 18 is fixed. When the pressure relief plate 16 rotates to the horizontal position, the magnet 19 and the iron limiting block 18 come into contact with each other. The magnetic attraction between them helps to keep the pressure relief plate 16 stably in a horizontal position. At the same time, the iron limiting block 18 also plays a mechanical limiting role. When the pressure relief plate 16 rotates upward under the action of the spring 17 and the counterweight 120, the iron limiting block 18 will block the magnet 19 from continuing to move upward, thereby accurately limiting the horizontal position of the pressure relief plate 16 and preventing the pressure relief plate 16 from tilting inward towards the inside of the conveying cylinder 1 due to excessive rotation. This ensures that the pressure relief plate 16 fits well with the inner wall of the return pipe 14 in the closed state.

[0031] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 8 Multiple scraping mechanisms are fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the shaft 4. These scraping mechanisms are distributed at intervals along the axial direction of the shaft 4. Each scraping mechanism is used to scrape off the material adhering to the inner wall of the conveying cylinder 1 during the rotation of the shaft 4. Each scraping mechanism includes multiple floating scrapers 31 and scraper blades 33 disposed at the end of the floating scraper 31 away from the shaft 4. The scraper blades 33 are made of high chromium alloy wear-resistant steel plates. The floating scrapers 31 can swing relative to the shaft 4 within a certain angle range, so that the scraper blades 33 can keep in contact with the inner wall of the conveying cylinder 1 or scrape under a certain pressure.

[0032] Reference Figure 4 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 Each scraping mechanism also includes multiple grooves 23 on the outer wall of the ring seat 22. The ring seat 22 is fixedly sleeved on the shaft 4. A rotating rod I 24 is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of each groove 23. One end of the floating scraper 31 is rotatably sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating rod I 24, so that the floating scraper 31 can swing freely around the axis of the rotating rod I 24. Two torsion springs 26 are sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating rod I 24. The ends of the two torsion springs 26 that are close to each other are fixedly connected to the floating scraper 31 through spring seats. The ends of the floating scraper 31 that are far apart from each other are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the groove 23 by spring seats. The torsion spring 26 is used to provide a restoring torque to retract the floating scraper 31 toward the shaft 4. A fixing block 29 is fixed at the end of the floating scraper 31 near the shaft 4, that is, at the position inside the groove 23. A counterweight block II 30 is fixed on the side of the fixing block 29 away from the shaft 4. A mounting plate 32 is fixedly connected to the end of the floating scraper 31 away from the fixing block 29 by bolts. The scraper blade 33 is welded to one side of the mounting plate 32.

[0033] Specifically, when shaft 4 rotates, counterweight II 30 and fixed block 29 rotate together with shaft 4, generating outward centrifugal force. This centrifugal force overcomes the torque applied by torsion spring 26, driving floating scraper 31 to open outward around rotating rod I 24. As the rotation speed increases, the centrifugal force increases, and the opening amplitude of floating scraper 31 also increases, so that scraper blade 33 installed at its end comes into close contact with the inner wall of conveying cylinder 1, scraping off the material layer attached to the inner wall. When the rotation speed of shaft 4 decreases or stops completely, the centrifugal force decreases or disappears. At this time, floating scraper 31 automatically retracts towards shaft 4 under the action of the reset torque of torsion spring 26, causing scraper blade 33 to leave the inner wall of conveying cylinder 1. This design reduces the static wear between scraper blade 33 and the inner wall of cylinder in non-working or low-speed states. The magnitude of centrifugal force is proportional to the square of the rotation speed of shaft 4. Therefore, the higher the rotation speed, the greater the pressing force of floating scraper 31 on the inner wall of cylinder, realizing the adaptive adjustment of scraping pressure with conveying speed.

[0034] Reference Figure 9 An installation groove 27 is provided inside the floating scraper 31. A rubber block 28 is fixedly installed in the installation groove 27. A rotating ring 25 is fixedly embedded inside the rubber block 28. The rotating ring 25 is rotatably sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating rod I 24.

[0035] Specifically, when the floating scraper 31 swings outward under the action of centrifugal force, the rotating ring 25 rotates around the rotating rod I 24. The rubber block 28 serves as an elastic connecting medium between the floating scraper 31 and the rotating rod I 24. When the floating scraper 31 and the scraper blade 33 encounter large pieces of hard material or foreign objects, these hard objects will hinder the radial movement of the scraper blade 33. At this time, the floating scraper 31 can retreat a certain distance towards the ring seat 22, that is, towards the shaft 4. During this process, the rubber block 28 is compressed and absorbs the impact energy, preventing damage to the floating scraper 31, the scraper blade 33, or the shaft 4 due to rigid collision. The hardness of the rubber block 28 is selected according to the properties of the conveyed material.

[0036] Reference Figure 8 and Figure 9 A corrugated protective cover 34 is fixedly installed inside each groove 23. One end of the floating scraper 31 is fixedly inserted through the corrugated protective cover 34. When the floating scraper 31 swings back and forth under the action of the torsion spring 26 and centrifugal force, one side of the corrugated protective cover 34 is stretched, while the opposite side is compressed. The corrugated protective cover 34 expands and contracts with the movement of the floating scraper 31, always sealing the opening of the groove 23, thereby effectively preventing coal material from entering the groove 23 and ensuring the cleanliness and normal operation of precision moving parts such as the torsion spring 26 and the rotating rod I 24.

[0037] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 7Multiple release grooves 35 are provided on the inner wall of the conveying cylinder 1. These release grooves 35 are grooves opened along the axial direction of the conveying cylinder 1. One end of each release groove 35 extends to the position of the discharge pipe 3, so that some fine materials or air can enter the release groove 35, destroy the negative pressure adsorption and material bridging structure between the material and the cylinder wall, thereby helping to maintain the stability of the material flow.

[0038] Specifically, when the gap between the outer edge of the spiral conveyor blade 5 and the inner wall of the conveying cylinder 1 is filled with fine material particles, causing the material to be squeezed and blocked, some of the material can enter these release grooves 35. The existence of the release grooves 35 provides multiple tiny bypass channels for the axial movement of the material. These channels can divert some of the material, thereby reducing the local pressure of the material at the gap between the spiral blade and the cylinder. At the same time, the release grooves 35 also play a guiding role, guiding the material to move more easily along the axial direction of the conveying cylinder 1, reducing the lateral compression and accumulation of the material in the radial direction, and helping to maintain the stable flow of the material.

[0039] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 7 Multiple observation windows 36 are fixedly installed on one side of the conveying cylinder 1 by bolts. The installation positions of these observation windows 36 correspond to the positions of each ring seat 22. The inner wall surface of the observation window 36 is flush with the inner wall surface of the conveying cylinder 1, and its fixing bolts are recessed or located on the outside of the cylinder wall to avoid interference with the rotating scraper blade 33. Operators can directly observe the material conveying status inside the conveying cylinder 1 through these observation windows 36, especially the working status of the floating scraper 31 and the scraper blade 33. When abnormal conditions such as material jamming or foreign object entanglement are found at the scraper blade 33, the corresponding observation window 36 can be easily opened for manual cleaning or maintenance.

[0040] In another embodiment: Refer to Figure 2 and Figure 10An inner ring 41 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the discharge pipe 3. The inner ring 41 can slide up and down along the axial direction of the discharge pipe 3. Multiple vertical sliding grooves 42 are opened on the outer wall of the discharge pipe 3. A sliding rod 43 is slidably connected in each sliding groove 42, and the inner end of each sliding rod 43 is fixed to the outer wall of the inner ring 41. An outer ring 44 is also slidably fitted on the outer wall of the discharge pipe 3. The end of each sliding rod 43 away from the inner ring 41 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer ring 44. In this way, the inner ring 41, the sliding rod 43 and the outer ring 44 are connected as a whole and can slide up and down synchronously. An elastic dustproof cloth or brush sealing strip is fixed at the opening of the sliding groove 42. The sliding rod 43 slides through the sealing strip to prevent dust from entering the interior of the conveying cylinder 1. The height of the outer ring 44 and the inner ring 41 is... The height of the inner ring 41 and outer ring 44 is greater than the height of the sliding groove 42. This way, when the inner ring 41 and outer ring 44 move up and down, they can always block the sliding groove 42 to prevent material from leaking out of the sliding groove 42. A lifting plate 39 is fixedly connected to one side of the outer ring 44. A guide rod 40 slides through the lifting plate 39. The top end of the guide rod 40 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the conveying cylinder 1. The guide rod 40 provides guidance for the up and down movement of the lifting plate 39, making its movement smoother. One end of the shaft 4 extends rotatably to the outer side of the end of the conveying cylinder 1, and a rotating disk 37 is fixedly installed at this end. On one side of the rotating disk 37, off-center, i.e., at an eccentric position, a rotating rod II 38 is rotatably connected by a pin, and the other end of the rotating rod II 38 is rotatably connected to the lifting plate 39.

[0041] Specifically, when shaft 4 rotates, rotating disk 37 rotates accordingly. The eccentric pin on disk 37 drives rotating rod II 38 to reciprocate, which in turn drives lifting plate 39 and outer ring 44 to move up and down along guide rod 40. Outer ring 44 has radial threaded holes, and the outer wall of anchor pin 45 has external threads. Anchor pin 45 is threaded into the threaded hole, and its inner end slides through the guide hole on inner ring 41. The inner end of anchor pin 45 has a conical or wedge-shaped tip. When material in discharge pipe 3 becomes blocked, the operator rotates anchor pin 45. Driven by the thread, it moves radially inward, with its inner end passing through the guide hole of the inner ring 41 and extending into the discharge pipe 3. As the shaft 4 rotates continuously, the inner ring 41, outer ring 44, and anchor pins 45 fixed on them are driven to move up and down along the trajectory of the sliding groove 42 through the linkage of the rotating disk 37, rotating rod II 38, and lifting plate 39. The moving anchor pins 45 repeatedly pierce and pull out the blocked material layer, moving, loosening, and clearing the material in the discharge pipe 3, thereby effectively solving the blockage problem at the discharge pipe 3.

[0042] A method of using a material anti-blocking device for a conveyor includes the following steps: S1. Start motor 6. The rotational power output by motor 6 is transmitted to shaft 4 after speed regulation by gearbox 7, driving shaft 4 to start rotating inside conveying cylinder 1. Shaft 4 drives spiral conveying blades 5 to rotate together. Coal material enters the cylinder from the feed hopper 2 at the top of conveying cylinder 1. Driven by the rotating spiral conveying blades 5, the coal material moves continuously along the axial direction of conveying cylinder 1 towards the discharge pipe 3 away from the feed hopper 2. At the same time as shaft 4 rotates, eccentric block 9 fixed to the outer wall of shaft 4 rotates with shaft 4. Since the center of mass of eccentric block 9 is not located on the rotation axis of shaft 4, it generates a centrifugal force with periodically changing magnitude and direction during rotation. This centrifugal force forces shaft 4 to rotate simultaneously. The radial periodic vibration is generated. The radial vibration of the shaft 4 is directly transmitted to the spiral conveying blade 5 fixed on its outer wall. At the same time, it is transmitted through the shaft 4 to the inner metal ring 13 of the two supporting bushings 8. The inner metal ring 13 transmits the vibration to the rubber ring 12 fixed to it. The rubber ring 12 absorbs part of the high-frequency impact by its elasticity and then transmits the vibration to the outer metal ring 11. The outer metal ring 11 transmits the vibration to the cylinder wall of the conveying cylinder 1 through the rotating bearing 10. This causes the material layer attached to the inner wall of the conveying cylinder 1 to be loosened by periodic alternating stress, preventing the material from forming a firm and continuously thickening adhesive layer on the cylinder wall. At the same time, the buffering effect of the rubber ring 12 isolates part of the vibration from the direct impact of the shaft 4 itself. S2. During the rotation and vibration of shaft 4, multiple scraping mechanisms fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of shaft 4 rotate together with shaft 4. When shaft 4 rotates at the working speed, counterweight II 30 and fixed block 29 generate outward centrifugal force. This centrifugal force overcomes the reset torque applied by the two torsion springs 26 sleeved on rotating rod I 24, driving floating scraper 31 to open outward around rotating rod I 24. After floating scraper 31 opens outward, the mounting plate 32 fixed at its end by bolts drives the scraper blade 33 welded to the mounting plate 32 to move radially, so that the scraper blade 33 keeps in contact with the inner wall surface of conveying cylinder 1. As shaft 4 rotates continuously, scraper blade 33 makes circumferential motion along the inner wall of conveying cylinder 1, scraping off the coal material that is still attached to the inner wall after the vibration mechanism loosens. The scraped material returns to the conveying flow and is pushed forward by the spiral conveying blade 5. When the rotation speed of shaft 4 changes During rotation, the centrifugal force generated by counterweight II 30 changes accordingly. The higher the rotation speed, the greater the centrifugal force, and the greater the pressing force of scraper blade 33 on the inner wall of the cylinder, thereby achieving adaptive adjustment of scraping pressure. When the rotation speed of shaft 4 decreases or stops completely, the centrifugal force decreases or disappears. Under the reset torque of torsion spring 26, floating scraper 31 automatically retracts towards shaft 4, causing scraper blade 33 to disengage from contact with the inner wall of conveying cylinder 1, reducing static wear. During the swinging process of floating scraper 31, when scraper blade 33 encounters large hard materials or foreign objects during rotation, the hard objects generate a radial reaction force towards shaft 4 on scraper blade 33. This reaction force causes floating scraper 31 to overcome centrifugal force and retract towards ring seat 22. At this time, rubber block 28 fixed in mounting groove 27 of floating scraper 31 is compressed and deformed, absorbing impact energy and preventing damage to floating scraper 31, scraper blade 33 or shaft 4 due to rigid collision. S3. During the normal conveying process of the screw conveyor blades 5 driven by the shaft 4, multiple release grooves 35 on the inner wall of the conveying cylinder 1 extend axially from the feed end to the discharge pipe 3. When the annular gap between the outer edge of the screw conveyor blades 5 and the inner wall of the conveying cylinder 1 is filled with fine coal particles, some material will enter the interior of these release grooves 35. The release grooves 35 provide multiple small bypass channels parallel to the axial direction for the material. These channels allow some material to bypass the gap blockage area and move axially along the cylinder wall, thereby reducing the local extrusion pressure of the material at the gap between the screw blades and the cylinder. At the same time, the groove shape of the release grooves 35 guides the axial movement of the material, reduces the lateral extrusion and accumulation of the material in the radial direction, and maintains the stability of the material flow. S4. When a blockage occurs inside the conveying cylinder 1 near the discharge pipe 3, the coal material continuously pushed by the spiral conveying blades 5 cannot be discharged smoothly from the discharge pipe 3, causing the material pressure in the upstream area of ​​the blockage point to rise rapidly. At this time, the internal pressure of the U-shaped return pipe 14 fixed at the bottom of the conveying cylinder 1 near the discharge pipe 3 also increases. High-pressure material enters the return pipe 14 and pushes the pressure relief plate 16 located inside the return pipe 14. The pressure relief plate 16 rotates around the rotating shaft 15. When the pressure exerted by the material on the pressure relief plate 16 exceeds the sum of the thrust of multiple springs 17 and the weight of the counterweight I 20, the pressure relief plate 16 rotates counterclockwise, opening the channel of the return pipe 14. The blocked high-pressure material then flows along the U-shaped return pipe 14 and finally returns to the conveying cylinder from the other end of the return pipe 14. The inside of the cylinder 1, near the feed hopper 2, which is the feed end of the conveying system, forms a short-circuit material loop from the discharge end to the feed end, reducing the material density and internal pressure near the blockage point. When the blockage is cleared, the pressure inside the return pipe 14 decreases. Under the combined action of the spring force of the spring 17 and the gravity of the counterweight I 20 fixed at the bottom of the pressure relief plate 16, the pressure relief plate 16 rotates clockwise. At the same time, the magnet 19 fixed at the bottom of the pressure relief plate 16 and the iron limiting block 18 on the inner wall of the return pipe 14 generate magnetic attraction, which helps the pressure relief plate 16 return to the horizontal position. The iron limiting block 18 also plays a mechanical limiting role, preventing the pressure relief plate 16 from rotating excessively and tilting into the conveying cylinder 1, thereby closing the channel of the return pipe 14 again. S5. While the shaft 4 rotates to drive the spiral conveyor blades 5 to convey materials, the end of the shaft 4 extending to the outer side of the conveyor cylinder 1 drives the rotating disk 37 fixed thereon to rotate synchronously. The rotational motion of the rotating disk 37 is converted into the reciprocating oscillation of the rotating rod II 38 through the eccentric pin. The rotating rod II 38 drives the lifting plate 39 to make up-and-down reciprocating linear motion along the guide rod 40 fixed thereon. The lifting plate 39 is fixedly connected to the outer ring 44, which is slidably sleeved on the outer wall of the discharge pipe 3. The outer ring 44 is fixedly connected to the inner ring 41 slidably connected to the inner wall of the discharge pipe 3 through multiple sliding rods 43. Therefore, the up-and-down motion of the lifting plate 39... The reciprocating motion drives the outer ring 44, inner ring 41, and multiple anchors 45 fixed on the inner ring 41 and outer ring 44 to move up and down along the axial direction of the discharge pipe 3. When the coal material in the discharge pipe 3 shows signs of blockage or has already become blocked, the anchors 45 can be manually driven to rotate, so that their inner ends extend into the interior of the discharge pipe 3. As the inner ring 41 and outer ring 44 move up and down, the anchors 45 repeatedly pierce and pull out the blocked material layer inside the discharge pipe 3, continuously agitating, loosening, and clearing the material, thereby actively preventing and eliminating blockages at the discharge pipe 3.

[0043] When this device is used for conveying materials with high dust or high humidity, the integrity of each seal needs to be checked regularly, and the moving parts such as the rotating bearing 10 and slide rod 43 need to be cleaned and lubricated according to the preset maintenance cycle to ensure the reliability of long-term operation.

[0044] However, as is well known to those skilled in the art, the working principle and wiring method of motor 6 are conventional means or common knowledge, and will not be described in detail here. Those skilled in the art can make any selections according to their needs or convenience.

[0045] The accompanying drawings in this application are for illustrative purposes only. The dimensions and shapes of the components shown are not actual limitations but are merely schematic representations. In actual implementation, the components can be reasonably configured and adjusted according to specific needs and actual conditions.

[0046] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A material anti-blocking device for a conveyor, comprising: Conveying cylinder (1); The shaft (4) is rotatably connected to the inside of the conveying cylinder (1); The spiral conveying blade (5) is fixed to the outer wall of the shaft (4); The feed hopper (2) is fixedly connected to one side of the top of the conveying cylinder (1); The discharge pipe (3) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the conveying cylinder (1) on the side away from the feed hopper (2); A motor (6) and a gearbox (7) are fixed to one end of the conveying cylinder (1) via a frame. The output shaft of the motor (6) is fixedly connected to the input shaft of the gearbox (7), and the output shaft of the gearbox (7) is fixedly connected to one end of the shaft (4). The device is characterized by further comprising: The vibration mechanism is located inside the conveying cylinder (1) and includes an eccentric block (9) fixed to the outer wall of the shaft (4). The eccentric block (9) is located on the shaft (4) near the gearbox (7) and is used to make the shaft (4) generate periodic radial vibration. The pressure relief mechanism includes a U-shaped return pipe (14) fixed to the bottom of the conveying cylinder (1), a rotating shaft (15) rotatably disposed within the return pipe (14), and a pressure relief plate (16) fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating shaft (15). The pressure relief plate (16) is used to open under material pressure to connect the return pipe (14); and, Multiple scraping mechanisms are fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the shaft (4). Each scraping mechanism includes a ring seat (22), multiple floating scrapers (31) hinged to the ring seat (22), and a scraper blade (33) disposed at the end of the floating scraper (31) away from the shaft (4). The floating scraper (31) is used to drive the scraper blade (33) to contact the inner wall of the conveying cylinder (1) under the action of centrifugal force. The motor (6) drives the shaft (4) and the spiral conveying blade (5) to rotate and convey the material. The vibration mechanism generates vibration to prevent the material from sticking. The pressure relief mechanism relieves the pressure of the material when the discharge pipe (3) is blocked. The scraping mechanism scrapes the material attached to the inner wall of the conveying cylinder (1) during the rotation of the shaft (4).

2. The conveyor material anti-blocking device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vibration mechanism also includes two support bushings (8) fixed on the outer wall of the shaft (4) near both ends. Both support bushings (8) are rotatably connected to the inner wall of the conveying cylinder (1) through a rotating bearing (10). The support bushing (8) is composed of an outer metal ring (11), a rubber ring (12) and an inner metal ring (13). The inner metal ring (13) is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the shaft (4), the rubber ring (12) is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the inner metal ring (13), and the outer metal ring (11) is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the rubber ring (12). When the shaft (4) rotates, the support bushing (8) supports the shaft (4) and isolates vibration.

3. The conveyor material anti-blocking device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The pressure relief mechanism also includes multiple springs (17) fixed to the bottom of the pressure relief plate (16) by spring seats. The bottom ends of the multiple springs (17) are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the return pipe (14) by spring seats. The return pipe (14) is U-shaped. The two ends of the return pipe (14) are close to the discharge pipe (3) and the feed hopper (2) respectively. The rotating shaft (15) is rotatably disposed in the return pipe (14) and located at the end of the return pipe (14) close to the discharge pipe (3). Multiple counterweights I (20) are fixed at the bottom of the pressure relief plate (16), and the counterweights I (20) are located at the end of the pressure relief plate (16) close to the rotating shaft (15). One end of the rotating shaft (15) extends rotatably to one side of the return pipe (14) and is fixed with a handle (21). When a blockage occurs near the discharge pipe (3) of the conveying cylinder (1), the pressure relief plate (16) rotates under the pressure of the material to open the return pipe (14), so that the material returns to the feed hopper (2) along the return pipe (14) to reduce the material density at the blockage point. After the blockage is cleared, the pressure relief plate (16) resets and closes the return pipe (14) under the elastic force of the spring (17) and the gravity of the counterweight I (20).

4. The conveyor material anti-blocking device according to claim 3, characterized in that, A magnet (19) is fixed to the bottom of the pressure relief plate (16) near the rotating shaft (15). An iron limiting block (18) located below the magnet (19) is fixed to the inner wall of one side of the return pipe (14). The magnet (19) and the iron limiting block (18) are magnetically attracted to each other, so that the pressure relief plate (16) is kept horizontal and the pressure relief plate (16) is limited.

5. A material anti-blocking device for a conveyor according to claim 4, characterized in that, The scraping mechanism also includes multiple grooves (23) provided on the outer wall of the ring seat (22). The ring seat (22) is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the shaft (4). The inner wall of the groove (23) is fixedly sleeved with a rotating rod I (24). The floating scraper (31) is rotatably sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating rod I (24). The outer wall of the rotating rod I (24) is sleeved with two torsion springs (26). The ends of the two torsion springs (26) that are close to each other are fixedly connected to the floating scraper (31) through spring seats. The ends of the two torsion springs (26) that are far apart from each other are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the groove (23) through spring seats. The floating scraper (31) 1) A fixing block (29) is fixed on one side near the shaft (4), and the fixing block (29) is located in the groove (23). A counterweight block II (30) is fixed on the side of the fixing block (29) away from the shaft (4). The end of the floating scraper (31) away from the fixing block (29) is fixed with a mounting plate (32) by bolts. The scraper blade (33) is welded to one side of the mounting plate (32). A limit plate is fixed in the groove (23) to limit the floating scraper (31) when it rotates under the centrifugal force of the counterweight block II (30) to prevent the floating scraper (31) from rotating excessively. When the shaft (4) rotates, the centrifugal force generated by the counterweight II (30) and the fixed block (29) causes the floating scraper (31) to overcome the torsion of the torsion spring (26) and drive the scraper blade (33) to contact the inner wall of the conveying cylinder (1) to scrape off the material.

6. A material anti-blocking device for a conveyor according to claim 5, characterized in that, The floating scraper (31) is provided with an installation groove (27), a rubber block (28) is fixed in the installation groove (27), a rotating ring (25) is fixed in the rubber block (28), and the rotating ring (25) is rotatably sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating rod I (24); A corrugated protective cover (34) is fixed inside the groove (23), and one end of the floating scraper (31) is fixed through the corrugated protective cover (34).

7. A material anti-blocking device for a conveyor according to claim 6, characterized in that, The inner wall of the conveying cylinder (1) is provided with a plurality of release grooves (35), one end of each of the plurality of release grooves (35) extends to the position of the discharge pipe (3).

8. A material anti-blocking device for a conveyor according to claim 7, characterized in that, The conveying cylinder (1) has multiple observation windows (36) fixed on one side by bolts, and the observation windows (36) correspond to the positions of the ring seat (22).

9. A material anti-blocking device for a conveyor according to claim 8, characterized in that, The inner wall of the discharge pipe (3) is slidably connected to an inner ring (41). The outer wall of the discharge pipe (3) is provided with multiple sliding grooves (42). Each of the multiple sliding grooves (42) is slidably connected to a sliding rod (43), and the sliding rod (43) is fixed to the outer wall of the inner ring (41). The outer wall of the discharge pipe (3) is slidably fitted with an outer ring (44). The end of the sliding rod (43) away from the inner ring (41) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer ring (44). A lifting plate (39) is fixed to one side of the outer ring (44). A guide rod (40) slides through the lifting plate (39). The top of the shaft (4) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the conveying cylinder (1). One end of the shaft (4) extends to one side of the conveying cylinder (1) and is fixed with a rotating disk (37). One side of the rotating disk (37) is offset from the center and is rotatably connected to a rotating rod II (38) via a pin. One end of the rotating rod II (38) is rotatably connected to the lifting plate (39). Multiple anchors (45) pass through the sliding rod (43). The two ends of the anchors (45) pass through the inner ring (41) and the outer ring (44) respectively. The outer ring (44) is provided with a threaded hole. The anchors (45) are threadedly connected to the threaded hole. When the material in the discharge pipe (3) becomes blocked, the anchor (45) is rotated so that its end extends into the discharge pipe (3). When the shaft (4) rotates, it drives the inner ring (41) and outer ring (44) to move up and down through the rotating disk (37), rotating rod II (38) and lifting plate (39), so that the inner ring (41) and the anchor (45) cooperate to move the material to clear the discharge pipe (3).

10. A method of using a conveyor material anti-blocking device, applied to the conveyor material anti-blocking device as described in claim 9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Start the motor (6), and after the speed is adjusted by the gearbox (7), drive the shaft (4) to rotate, which in turn drives the spiral conveyor blades (5) to rotate. Coal material enters the conveying cylinder (1) from the feed hopper (2) and is pushed to the discharge pipe (3). At the same time, the eccentric block (9) generates periodic centrifugal force as the shaft (4) rotates, which forces the shaft (4) to vibrate radially. The vibration is transmitted to the cylinder wall of the conveying cylinder (1) through the inner metal ring (13), rubber ring (12), outer metal ring (11), and rotating bearing (10), loosening the inner wall adhesive layer and the rubber ring (12) buffering the impact. S2, shaft (4) drives the scraping mechanism to rotate, counterweight II (30) and fixed block (29) generate centrifugal force, which overcomes the reset torque of torsion spring (26), causing floating scraper (31) to open outward around rotating rod I (24), driving scraper blade (33) to contact the inner wall of the cylinder to scrape the material; when the speed changes, the centrifugal force changes, and the clamping force is adjusted adaptively; when the machine stops, torsion spring (26) causes scraper to retract; when encountering hard objects, the reaction force causes floating scraper (31) to retract towards ring seat (22), and rubber block (28) is compressed to absorb energy; S3. During the conveying process, the release trough (35) provides an axial bypass channel, allowing some material to bypass the gap between the spiral conveying blades (5) and the cylinder wall, reducing local squeezing pressure and maintaining stable material flow. S4. When the discharge pipe (3) is blocked, the pressure inside the return pipe (14) increases, pushing the pressure relief plate (16) to rotate around the shaft (15), opening the channel, and the material returns to the feed hopper (2) through the U-shaped return pipe (14) to form a cycle; after unblocking, the pressure drops, and the spring (17) thrust, the weight of the counterweight I (20) and the magnetic attraction of the magnet (19) and the iron limit block (18) cause the pressure relief plate (16) to close the channel; S5, shaft (4) drives the rotating disk (37) to rotate, and drives the lifting plate (39) to reciprocate along the guide rod (40) via rotating rod II (38), which in turn drives the outer ring (44), slide rod (43), inner ring (41) and anchor (45) to move up and down along the discharge pipe (3) axially; the anchor (45) repeatedly pierces and pulls out of the material layer, actively clearing blockages.

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