A large height difference chute anti-blocking system and method for an open-pit mine

Abstract

The application discloses an open-pit mine large-height-difference chute anti-blocking system and method, and belongs to the technical field of mine machinery. The system comprises a chute body, a dust cover, a blocking detection sensor, a guide rail, a moving trolley, a telescopic folding scraper assembly, a driving mechanism and a control system. The chute body is composed of multiple chute segments. The dust cover covers the top opening of the chute body. The blocking detection sensor collects material state signals in each detection area. The guide rail is arranged on the lower side of the dust cover. The moving trolley is in rolling cooperation with the guide rail. The telescopic folding scraper assembly has a storage state and a cleaning state. The driving mechanism drives the moving trolley to move along the guide rail and drives the telescopic folding scraper assembly to switch between the storage state and the cleaning state. The control system receives the detection signals and controls the execution of the unblocking action. The application can automatically detect blockage, locate the blocked area, drive the scraper mechanism to clean at the designated position, and automatically reset after cleaning.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of mining machinery technology, specifically relating to an anti-clogging system and method for an open-pit mine's large elevation difference chute. Background Technology

[0002] In open-pit mining, bulk materials such as ore, coal, and gangue often need to be transported from higher to lower elevations, with elevation differences sometimes exceeding 100 meters. Chutes are widely used in open-pit mineral material transfer and conveying systems due to their advantages such as energy saving, strong material guiding capacity, simple structure, and adaptability to continuous material discharge. However, under conditions of large elevation differences, factors such as material flow rate, particle size, moisture content, adhesion, and impact from falling material can easily lead to localized accumulation in the chute. When materials form bridging, blockages, or agglomerates within the chute, it can cause transport interruptions, and in severe cases, lead to equipment damage, material spills, dust dispersion, or safety accidents.

[0003] Current methods for clearing blockages largely rely on manual observation and manual tapping, prying, or machine shutdown for cleaning. For open-pit mine chutes with significant elevation differences, the location of blockages is difficult to pinpoint. Manually approaching the equipment for clearing poses a high safety risk, and results in long downtime, high labor intensity, and low cleaning efficiency. While some existing equipment is equipped with vibrators, forks, or fixed cleaning mechanisms, these typically only allow for overall vibration or fixed-position cleaning, making it difficult to precisely address the blockage. Furthermore, if the cleaning mechanism remains inside the chute for extended periods, it may impede the normal flow of materials. In addition, dust problems in the open-pit mine environment and rainy / snowy weather conditions exacerbate the risk of blockages. Excessive dust not only pollutes the working environment and affects personnel health, but rain and snow entering the chute mix with soil, mineral powder, or fine particles, easily forming wet, sticky deposits, further increasing the risk of adhesion and blockage.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide an anti-clogging system and method for chutes with large elevation differences to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Technical problem solved: In view of the technical problems existing in the background art, the present invention provides an anti-blocking system and method for open-pit mining chutes with elevation differences. It can automatically detect blockages, locate the blockage area, drive the scraper mechanism to clean the blockage at fixed points during the conveying process, and automatically reset after cleaning. At the same time, it also meets the dust control requirements of open-pit mining chutes with elevation differences.

[0006] Technical solution: The anti-clogging system for an open-pit mine elevation difference chute according to the present invention includes: The chute body is composed of multiple chute segments connected sequentially along the open-pit mine slope or a conveying path with a large elevation difference to form a continuous material guiding channel; the cross-section of the chute body is U-shaped, and its bottom is arc-shaped. A dust cover is provided at the top of the chute body and extends along the length of the chute body, covering the opening at the top of the chute body, and a sealing structure is provided at the connection of adjacent chute segments. The blockage detection sensor includes multiple sensors arranged at intervals along the length of the chute body on the inner wall of the dust cover, which divide the chute body into multiple detection areas and collect material status signals in each detection area. Guide rails are arranged along the length of the chute body on the lower side of the dust cover; A movable trolley, which rolls in conjunction with a guide rail and reciprocates along the guide rail; A telescopic folding scraper assembly is connected to a mobile trolley and has a storage state and a cleaning state. A drive mechanism is provided, which is correspondingly mounted on the mobile trolley and drives the mobile trolley to move along the guide rail and drives the telescopic folding scraper assembly to switch between the storage state and the cleaning state. The control system is electrically connected to the blockage detection sensor, the drive mechanism, and the telescopic folding scraper assembly, respectively, and receives detection signals and controls the execution of the blockage clearing action.

[0007] Preferably, the blockage detection sensor includes at least one of a level sensor, a distance sensor, a pressure sensor, an image recognition sensor, an infrared sensor, and a laser rangefinder sensor, and at least one blockage detection sensor is provided for each detection area.

[0008] Preferably, the chute body and dust cover adopt a segmented modular structure, and adjacent chute segments are connected by flanges, bolts or welded connectors to form a continuous conveying channel according to the site elevation difference, slope and conveying distance.

[0009] Preferably, the feed inlet and outer shell of the chute body are made of Q235B steel plate or Q355B steel plate; the inner wall of the feed inlet and the inner wall of the chute body are provided with removable wear-resistant liners, the wear-resistant liners are NM360 wear-resistant steel plate or NM400 wear-resistant steel plate; the thickness of the wear-resistant liners in the material impact zone is 16-25mm, and the thickness in the ordinary material guiding zone is 10-16mm.

[0010] Preferably, the telescopic folding scraper assembly includes a telescopic drive link, a hinge seat, and a scraper. One end of the telescopic drive link is fixedly connected to a movable trolley, and the other end is fixedly connected to the hinge seat. The hinge seat is hinged to the scraper. The drive mechanism controls the telescopic drive link to extend and retract, and drives the scraper to retract and expand along the hinge seat.

[0011] Preferably, the scraper includes a Q355B steel scraper body, a replaceable NM400 wear-resistant scraper strip disposed at the leading edge of the scraper, and a reinforcing rib plate disposed on the back of the scraper; the thickness of the scraper body is 20-25mm, and the thickness of the wear-resistant scraper strip is 12-16mm; a hinged lug is provided at the connection between the scraper and the telescopic drive linkage, the hinged lug being 18-25mm thick, and the hinged lug being hinged to the telescopic drive linkage via a flip pin, the flip pin being made of 45# steel and heat-treated.

[0012] Preferably, the lower edge of the scraper is adapted to the shape of the inner wall of the chute body, and the lower edge of the scraper has an arc-shaped curved surface corresponding to the bottom of the U-shaped chute.

[0013] This invention also discloses a method for preventing blockage in open-pit mine chutes with elevation differences, employing the anti-blockage system as described in any one of claims 1-7, the method comprising the following steps: Step 1: Connect multiple chute segments sequentially along the open-pit mine slope or the conveying path with a large elevation difference to form a continuous material guiding channel, and install a dust cover on top of the chute body; Step 2: Collect material height, material accumulation status, material flow status, and blockage signal in each detection area using the blockage detection sensor installed on the dust cover; Step 3: The control system receives the detection signal from the blockage detection sensor and determines whether a blockage has occurred and the detection area where the blockage is located based on the detection signal. When the material height in a certain detection area exceeds the preset blockage threshold and continues for a preset time, or when the material flow rate in the detection area is detected to be lower than the preset flow threshold, the control system determines that a blockage has occurred in the detection area. Step 4: When the control system determines that a certain detection area is blocked, the control drive mechanism drives the moving trolley to move along the guide rail to the corresponding blocked area; Step 5: After the moving trolley reaches the blocked area, the control system controls the telescopic folding scraper assembly to switch from the storage state to the cleaning state, driving the scraper to fold downward and extend into the cavity of the chute body; Step 6: Control the moving trolley to move back and forth along the length of the chute body in the blocked area, so that the scraper can scrape, push, loosen and clear the blocked material; Step 7: During the cleaning process, continuously collect feedback signals from the blockage detection sensor. When the material height in the blockage area is lower than the clearance threshold, the material flow returns to normal, or the blockage signal disappears, the control system determines that the blockage is cleared. After the control system determines that the blockage is cleared, it controls the scraper to retract and fold upward to reset to the storage state, so that the scraper leaves the normal material flow channel.

[0014] Preferably, in step 6, the control system controls the moving trolley to move back and forth once or multiple times within a preset distance before and after the blockage area, and controls the scraper to extend into the material accumulation layer in stages at a preset extension depth, so as to loosen the blockage material layer by layer.

[0015] Preferably, in step 6, if the scraper fails to clear the blockage within a preset number of cleaning cycles or a preset cleaning time, the control system issues an audible and visual alarm signal, a remote alarm signal, and a shutdown interlock signal.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: 1. The anti-blocking system and method of the present invention achieves automatic identification and automatic handling of chute blockage through a closed-loop process of "detection, judgment, positioning, cleaning, feedback, and reset", thereby improving the automation level of open-pit mineral material transportation. By using blockage detection sensors installed on the dust cover, different detection areas inside the chute are monitored in real time, which can promptly detect blockage risks and determine the blockage location, avoiding the problem of difficulty in determining the blockage location in traditional manual blockage removal. 2. After identifying the blockage area, this invention drives a mobile trolley to move along a guide rail to the corresponding position for targeted cleaning, avoiding the problems of overall vibration or insufficient targeting of fixed cleaning methods, thus improving the cleaning efficiency. The telescopic and folding scraper assembly adopts a foldable and telescopic cleaning method. During normal conveying, the scraper is in a retracted and folded storage state and does not enter the material flow channel. When a blockage occurs, the scraper folds down and extends into the trough cavity for cleaning. After cleaning, it automatically resets, which can effectively prevent the cleaning mechanism from obstructing the normal material conveying. 3. The chute body and dust cover of this invention adopt a segmented modular connection method, which can be flexibly spliced ​​according to the elevation difference, slope and conveying distance of the open mine site; even in the case of large or ultra-large elevation difference, multiple chute sections can be connected in sequence to form a continuous conveying channel, which has strong installation adaptability and flexible site layout; the dust cover is equipped with a sealing structure at the connection of adjacent sections, which can suppress dust escape during material conveying and blockage clearing, reduce the impact of dust on the working environment and personnel health, and has a good environmental protection effect; at the same time, it prevents rainwater, snow water and external debris from entering the chute body, and avoids the formation of wet and sticky accumulation after rainwater and snow mix with soil, mineral powder or fine particulate materials, thereby further reducing the risk of adhesion and blockage; 4. The chute body of this invention adopts a U-shaped cross-section structure. Utilizing the arc-shaped transition at the bottom and the continuous smooth inner wall of the U-shaped chute, materials can slide smoothly along the chute cavity under conditions of large elevation differences, reducing material retention, bridging, and accumulating at the bottom and corners of the chute, thus structurally reducing the probability of blockage. It is suitable for material dropping, transfer, and guiding conditions with large elevation differences in open-pit mines, and can withstand large material impacts and continuous wear. By installing removable wear-resistant liners at the feed inlet and on the inner wall of the chute, and replacing wear-resistant scrapers at the leading edge of the scraper, the service life of the equipment can be extended and maintenance costs reduced. 5. This invention can automatically stop cleaning and reset the scraper after the blockage is cleared, which can reduce downtime, improve the continuity of ore conveying and production efficiency, and is especially suitable for open-pit mine conveying environments with high dust, high impact, high wear and large elevation differences; automatic blockage clearing reduces the frequency of manual knocking, prying and machine shutdown for cleaning, which helps to reduce on-site dust, noise and the risk of manual operation near dangerous areas.

[0017] The present invention also has other beneficial effects, which are described in the embodiments section of the specification and will not be repeated here. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the anti-clogging system of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 Main view of the structure of the central blocking system; Figure 3 for Figure 2 Cross-sectional view of the structure of the central blocking system along direction AA; Figure 4 for Figure 3 A first-person perspective 3D structural diagram of the anti-blocking component (scraper in storage state); Figure 5 for Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the second-view three-dimensional structure of the anti-blocking component; Figure 6 for Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the third-view 3D structure of the anti-blocking component; Figure 7 for Figure 3 Enlarged structural diagram of point A in the anti-blocking system.

[0019] Reference numerals: 100, Anti-clogging system; 1, Chute body; 2, Dust cover; 3, Feed inlet; 4, Transition section; 5, Clogging detection sensor; 6, Guide rail; 7, Moving trolley; 8, Drive mechanism; 9, Telescopic folding scraper assembly; 91, Telescopic drive linkage; 92, Hinge seat; 93, Scraper; 94, Reinforcing rib; 10, Control system; 11, Support pier; 12, Slope; 13, Unclogging mechanism. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the following will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Figures 1-7 The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the described embodiments of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Example 1: As Figures 1-3 As shown, the present invention provides an anti-clogging system for an open-pit mine elevation difference chute. The anti-clogging system 100 mainly includes a chute body 1, a dust cover 2, a blockage detection sensor 5, and a blockage clearing mechanism 13.

[0022] (I) Connection structure between chute body and sections: The layout path of the chute body 1 is determined based on the slope 12, elevation difference, gradient, and conveying distance of the open-pit mine site. The chute body 1 is formed by connecting multiple chute segments sequentially along the open-pit mine slope or a conveying path with a large elevation difference to form a continuous material guiding channel. For example, the chute body 1 is fixedly installed on the slope 12 by multiple support piers 11 set along the slope surface. The chute body 1 adopts a segmented modular structure. Adjacent chute segments are connected by flanges, bolts, or welded connectors to form a continuous conveying channel according to the elevation difference, gradient, and conveying distance. The material can enter through the feed inlet 3 and flow towards the bottom of the slope under the action of gravity along the continuous material guiding channel.

[0023] The chute body 1 is arranged at an angle to accommodate the material conveying conditions of large elevation differences in open-pit mines. The cross-section of the chute body 1 is U-shaped, with an arc-shaped transition at the bottom and a smooth, continuous inner wall without obvious dead corners for material accumulation. A transition section 4 connects the inlet end of the chute body 1 to the feed inlet 3 to form a smooth transition, depending on requirements. Because its sections can be continuously spliced, the number of sections can be flexibly increased according to the elevation difference on site, making it suitable for conveying materials with different elevation differences, even extremely large ones.

[0024] The feed inlet 3 and outer shell of the chute body 1 are preferably made of Q235B steel plate or Q355B steel plate to ensure that the overall structure has sufficient strength, rigidity and weldability. The inner wall of the feed inlet 3 and the inner wall of the chute body 1 are provided with removable wear-resistant liners. The wear-resistant liners can be installed on the inner wall by bolt connection, countersunk bolt connection or pressure plate connection, so as to facilitate quick replacement after wear.

[0025] The wear-resistant liner is preferably made of NM360 or NM400 wear-resistant steel plate. Below the feed inlet 3, near the material drop point, and in the high-speed material impact zone, the wear-resistant liner thickness is preferably 16-25 mm. In the ordinary material guiding area, the wear-resistant liner thickness is preferably 10-16 mm. By using wear-resistant liners of different thicknesses in different wear zones, the impact resistance and wear life of the chute can be improved, while avoiding excessive weight increase in the overall structure.

[0026] (II) Dust cover and sealing structure: The dust cover 2 is correspondingly installed at the top of the chute body 1 and extends along the length of the chute body 1, covering the opening at the top of the chute body 1. The dust cover 2 can reduce the escape of dust during material conveying and unblocking processes, and prevent rainwater, snow water and external debris from entering the chute body. At the same time, it provides installation space for the blockage detection sensor 5, guide rail 6 and moving trolley 7. The dust cover 2 can adopt a segmented structure, and a sealing structure is set at the connection between adjacent segments to facilitate transportation, installation, maintenance and environmental protection enclosure.

[0027] The dust cover 2 ensures that the material conveying and scraper unblocking process are carried out in a relatively enclosed space. On the one hand, it reduces dust escape and improves the working environment; on the other hand, it prevents rainwater, snow water and external debris from entering the chute, and avoids the formation of wet and sticky accumulation after rainwater and snow mix with soil, mineral powder or fine particulate materials, thereby further reducing the risk of adhesion and blockage.

[0028] (III) Detection System: like Figure 3 As shown, the blockage detection sensor 5 includes multiple sensors arranged at intervals along the length of the chute body 1 on the inner wall of the dust cover 2, which divide the chute body 1 into multiple detection areas and collect material status signals in each detection area; the blockage detection sensor 5 includes at least one of the following: material level sensor, distance sensor, pressure sensor, image recognition sensor, infrared sensor and laser rangefinder sensor, and at least one blockage detection sensor 5 is provided for each detection area.

[0029] When materials are being conveyed normally, the control system 10 continuously receives detection signals from each blockage detection sensor 5. If the material height in a certain detection area is consistently higher than a preset blockage threshold, or the material flow rate is lower than a preset flow threshold, or the image recognition result shows abnormal material accumulation, the control system 10 determines that a blockage has occurred in that detection area.

[0030] (iv) Structure of the unblocking mechanism: like Figures 4-6As shown, the unblocking mechanism 13 includes a guide rail 6, a movable trolley 7, a drive mechanism 8, and a telescopic folding scraper assembly 9. The guide rail 6 is arranged along the length of the chute body 1 on the lower side of the dust cover 2 and can be installed on the upper edge of the chute body 1. The movable trolley 7 rolls in cooperation with the guide rail 6 and moves back and forth along the guide rail. The telescopic folding scraper assembly 9 is connected to the movable trolley 7 and has a storage state and a cleaning state. The drive mechanism 8 is correspondingly set on the movable trolley 7 and drives the movable trolley 7 to move along the guide rail 6 and drives the telescopic folding scraper assembly 9 to switch between the storage state and the cleaning state. The control system 10 is electrically connected to the blockage detection sensor 5, the drive mechanism 8, and the telescopic folding scraper assembly 9, respectively, receives detection signals, and controls the execution of the unblocking action.

[0031] In a preferred embodiment, the telescopic folding scraper assembly 9 includes a telescopic drive link 91, a hinge seat 92, and a scraper 93. One end of the telescopic drive link 91 is fixedly connected to the movable trolley 7, and the other end is fixedly connected to the hinge seat 92. The hinge seat 92 is hinged to the scraper 93. The drive mechanism 8 controls the telescopic drive link 91 to extend and retract, and drives the scraper 93 to retract and expand along the hinge seat 92. Specifically, the telescopic drive link 91 includes an outer sleeve coaxially connected to the telescopic rod (e.g., ...). Figure 7 (As shown); The control system 10 first controls the scraper 93 to fold downward around the hinge point, and then controls the telescopic rod to extend and retract, so that the scraper 93 extends into the trough cavity and contacts the blocked material.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment, the scraper 93 includes a Q355B steel scraper body, a replaceable NM400 wear-resistant scraper strip (not shown in the figure) disposed at the leading edge of the scraper, and a reinforcing rib plate 94 disposed on the back of the scraper; the scraper body has a thickness of 20-25mm to ensure that the scraper 93 has sufficient bending strength when pushing and scraping blockage materials; the wear-resistant scraper strip has a thickness of 12-16mm and can be detachably connected to the leading edge of the scraper by bolts or pressure plates. When the wear-resistant scraper strip is worn, it can be replaced separately without replacing the entire scraper.

[0033] The scraper 93 is equipped with a reinforcing rib 94 on its back. The reinforcing rib 94 can be a vertical rib, a horizontal rib, or a cross rib, used to improve the bending stiffness and impact resistance of the scraper body. A hinge ear plate is provided at the connection between the scraper 93 and the telescopic drive linkage 91. The thickness of the hinge ear plate is preferably 18-25mm. The hinge ear plate is hinged to the telescopic drive linkage 91 by a flip pin. The flip pin is made of No. 45 steel and has been heat-treated to improve its shear strength, wear resistance and fatigue life, meeting the usage requirements under the conditions of large impact and large load in mining for clearing blockages.

[0034] In a preferred embodiment, the lower edge of the scraper 93 is adapted to the inner wall shape of the chute body 1, and the lower edge of the scraper 93 has an arc-shaped curved surface corresponding to the bottom of the U-shaped chute. When the scraper 93 moves along the length of the chute, it can more fully contact the blocked material and scrape, loosen and clear the material.

[0035] In the blockage location step, the control system 10 generates the target position of the moving trolley 7 based on the detection area where the blockage occurs, and controls the drive mechanism 8 to start. The drive mechanism 8 drives the moving trolley 7 to move along the guide rail 6 to above the blockage area as needed.

[0036] During the cleaning preparation step, when the telescopic folding scraper assembly 9 is in the storage state, it is located above the chute body 1 and does not enter the normal material flow channel; when the moving trolley 7 moves to the blockage area, the control system 10 controls the telescopic folding scraper assembly 9 to switch from the storage state to the cleaning state.

[0037] In the unblocking step, the control system 10 controls the moving trolley 7 to move back and forth along the length of the chute body 1 near the blockage area, so that the scraper 93 scrapes, pushes, loosens and clears the blockage material. Depending on the degree of blockage, the control system 10 can control the scraper 93 to enter the material accumulation layer in stages with different extension depths (for example, first extending 1 / 3 of the depth for shallow loosening, then extending 2 / 3 of the depth for medium-layer loosening, and finally extending fully for deep clearing), thereby loosening the blockage material layer by layer.

[0038] (V) Feedback Reset and Alarm: During the feedback reset step, the control system 10 receives feedback signals from the blockage detection sensor 5 in real time during the cleaning process. When the material height in the blockage area returns to normal, the material flow state is restored, or the blockage signal disappears, the control system 10 determines that the blockage is cleared and controls the telescopic drive linkage 91 to retract the scraper 93. Then, it controls the hinge seat 92 to fold the scraper 93 upwards and reset it, so that it leaves the material flow channel.

[0039] If the control system 10 detects severe blockage, or if the scraper 93 fails to clear the blockage within the preset number of cleaning cycles or the preset cleaning time, the control system 10 will issue an audible and visual alarm signal, a remote alarm signal, or a shutdown interlock signal, and may control the upstream equipment to stop feeding as needed to prevent the blockage from expanding further.

[0040] In a preferred embodiment, the dust cover 2 is provided with an inspection port or observation port to facilitate the inspection and maintenance of the blockage detection sensor 5, guide rail 6, moving trolley 7 and telescopic folding scraper assembly 9.

[0041] Example 2: This invention also discloses an anti-clogging method for open-pit mine elevation difference chutes, using the anti-clogging system of Example 1. The anti-clogging method includes the following steps: Step 1: Connect multiple chute segments sequentially along the open-pit mine slope or large elevation difference conveying path to form a continuous material guiding channel, and install a dust cover 2 above the chute body 1; under normal conveying conditions, the material enters the chute body 1 from the feed inlet 3 and slides smoothly towards the bottom of the slope along the U-shaped trough under the action of gravity. Step 2: The blockage detection sensor 5 installed on the dust cover collects the material height, material accumulation state, material flow state and blockage signal in each detection area; the blockage detection sensor 5 continuously monitors the material status in each detection area; Step 3: The control system 10 receives the detection signal from the blockage detection sensor 5 and determines whether a blockage has occurred and the detection area where the blockage is located based on the detection signal; when the material height in a certain detection area exceeds the preset blockage threshold and continues for a preset time, or when the material flow rate in the detection area is detected to be lower than the preset flow threshold, the control system determines that a blockage has occurred in the detection area. Step 4: When the control system 10 determines that a certain detection area is blocked, the control drive mechanism 8 drives the moving trolley 7 to move along the guide rail 6 to the corresponding blocked area; Step 5: After the moving trolley 7 reaches the blockage area, the control system 10 controls the telescopic folding scraper assembly 9 to switch from the storage state to the cleaning state, drives the scraper 93 to fold downward and extend into the trough cavity of the chute body 1, so that the scraper 93 enters the trough cavity to contact the blockage material. Step 6: Control the moving trolley 7 to move back and forth along the length of the chute body 1 within the blocked area, so that the scraper 93 can scrape, push, loosen and clear the blocked material; during this process, the control system 10 controls the moving trolley 7 to move back and forth within a preset distance in front of and behind the blocked area once or multiple times, and controls the scraper 93 to extend into the material accumulation layer in stages at a preset extension depth, so as to loosen the blocked material layer by layer; if the scraper 93 fails to clear the blockage within a preset number of cleaning times or a preset cleaning time, the control system 10 issues an audible and visual alarm signal, a remote alarm signal and a shutdown interlock signal; Step 7: During the cleaning process, the feedback signal of the blockage detection sensor 5 is continuously collected. When the material height in the blockage area is lower than the clearance threshold, the material flow returns to normal, or the blockage signal disappears, the control system determines that the blockage is cleared. After the control system 10 determines that the blockage is cleared, it controls the scraper 93 to retract and fold upward to reset to the storage state, so that the scraper 93 leaves the normal material flow channel.

[0042] This invention achieves automated and environmentally friendly anti-blocking and automatic unblocking of large-elevation-difference chutes in open-pit mines through a system architecture and process flow of "segmented connection to form a large-elevation-difference conveying channel → sensor zone detection of blockages → control system to determine the blockage location → mobile trolley movement at a fixed point → scraper folding and extending for cleaning → feedback judgment and automatic reset". Compared with traditional manual or fixed unblocking methods, this invention has advantages such as accurate unblocking location, high degree of automation, less dust escape, good safety, and minimal impact on normal material conveying. It can promptly detect blockage risks and determine the blockage location, avoiding the difficulty in determining the blockage location in traditional manual unblocking.

[0043] The above are preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A blockage prevention system for an open-pit mine elevation difference chute, characterized in that, include: The chute body (1) is formed by connecting multiple chute segments sequentially along the open-pit mine slope or the conveying path with a large elevation difference to form a continuous material guiding channel; the cross-section of the chute body (1) is U-shaped and its bottom is arc-shaped. Dust cover (2), the dust cover (2) is correspondingly set at the top of the chute body (1) and extends along the length of the chute body (1), covering the top opening of the chute body (1), and a sealing structure is provided at the connection of adjacent chute segments; The blockage detection sensor (5) includes multiple sensors arranged at intervals along the length of the chute body (1) on the inner wall of the dust cover (2), which divide the chute body (1) into multiple detection areas and collect material status signals in each detection area. Guide rail (6), the guide rail (6) is arranged on the lower side of dust cover (2) along the length direction of chute body (1); The movable trolley (7) is in rolling cooperation with the guide rail (6) and moves back and forth along the guide rail; Telescopic folding scraper assembly (9), which is connected to the mobile trolley (7) and has a storage state and a cleaning state; The driving mechanism (8) is correspondingly arranged on the mobile trolley (7) and drives the mobile trolley (7) to move along the guide rail (6) and drives the telescopic folding scraper assembly (9) to switch between the storage state and the cleaning state. The control system (10) is electrically connected to the blockage detection sensor (5), the drive mechanism (8) and the telescopic folding scraper assembly (9) respectively, and receives detection signals and controls the execution of the blockage clearing action.

2. The anti-clogging system for open-pit mine elevation difference chutes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The blockage detection sensor (5) includes at least one of a level sensor, a distance sensor, a pressure sensor, an image recognition sensor, an infrared sensor, and a laser rangefinder sensor, and at least one blockage detection sensor is provided for each detection area.

3. The anti-clogging system for open-pit mine elevation difference chutes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The chute body (1) and dust cover (2) adopt a segmented modular structure. Adjacent chute segments are connected by flanges, bolts or welded connectors to form a continuous conveying channel according to the site elevation difference, slope and conveying distance.

4. The anti-clogging system for open-pit mine elevation difference chutes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feed inlet (3) and outer shell of the chute body (1) are made of Q235B steel plate or Q355B steel plate; the inner wall of the feed inlet (3) and the inner wall of the chute body (1) are provided with detachable wear-resistant liners, which are NM360 wear-resistant steel plates or NM400 wear-resistant steel plates; the thickness of the wear-resistant liners in the material impact area is 16-25mm, and the thickness in the ordinary material guiding area is 10-16mm.

5. The anti-clogging system for open-pit mine elevation difference chutes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The telescopic folding scraper assembly (9) includes a telescopic drive link (91), a hinge seat (92), and a scraper (93). One end of the telescopic drive link (91) is fixedly connected to the moving trolley (7), and the other end is fixedly connected to the hinge seat (92). The hinge seat (92) is hinged to the scraper (93). The drive mechanism (8) controls the telescopic drive link (91) to extend and retract, and drives the scraper (93) to retract and expand along the hinge seat (92).

6. The anti-clogging system for open-pit mine elevation difference chutes according to claim 5, characterized in that, The scraper (93) includes a Q355B steel scraper body, a replaceable NM400 wear-resistant scraper strip disposed at the front edge of the scraper, and a reinforcing rib plate (94) disposed on the back of the scraper; the thickness of the scraper body is 20-25mm, and the thickness of the wear-resistant scraper strip is 12-16mm; a hinge ear plate is provided at the connection between the scraper (93) and the telescopic drive linkage (91), the thickness of the hinge ear plate is 18-25mm, and the hinge ear plate is hinged to the telescopic drive linkage (91) by a flip pin, the flip pin is made of 45 steel and has been heat treated.

7. The anti-clogging system for open-pit mine elevation difference chutes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lower edge of the scraper (93) is adapted to the inner wall shape of the chute body (1), and the lower edge of the scraper (93) is an arc-shaped curved surface corresponding to the bottom of the U-shaped chute.

8. A method for preventing blockage in an open-pit mine's large elevation difference chute, characterized in that, The anti-blocking system as described in any one of claims 1-7, wherein the anti-blocking method comprises the following steps: Step 1: Connect multiple chute segments sequentially along the open-pit mine slope or the conveying path with a large elevation difference to form a continuous material guiding channel, and install a dust cover (2) above the chute body (1). Step 2: Collect material height, material accumulation status, material flow status and blockage signal in each detection area by using the blockage detection sensor (5) set on the dust cover; Step 3: The control system (10) receives the detection signal from the blockage detection sensor (5) and determines whether a blockage has occurred and the detection area where the blockage is located based on the detection signal; when the material height in a certain detection area exceeds the preset blockage threshold and continues for a preset time, or when the material flow rate in the detection area is detected to be lower than the preset flow threshold, the control system determines that the detection area is blocked. Step 4: When the control system (10) determines that a certain detection area is blocked, the control drive mechanism (8) drives the moving trolley (7) to move along the guide rail (6) to the corresponding blocked area; Step 5: After the moving trolley (7) reaches the blockage area, the control system (10) controls the telescopic folding scraper assembly (9) to switch from the storage state to the cleaning state, and drives the scraper (93) to fold down and extend into the cavity of the chute body (1); Step 6: Control the moving trolley (7) to move back and forth along the length of the chute body (1) in the blocked area, so that the scraper (93) scrapes, pushes, loosens and clears the blocked material; Step 7: During the cleaning process, the feedback signal of the blockage detection sensor (5) is continuously collected. When the material height in the blockage area is lower than the clearance threshold, the material flow state returns to normal, or the blockage signal disappears, the control system determines that the blockage is cleared. When the control system (10) determines that the blockage is cleared, the scraper (93) is retracted and flipped upward to reset to the storage state, so that the scraper (93) leaves the normal material flow channel.

9. The anti-clogging method for open-pit mine chutes with large elevation differences according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step 3, in step 6, the control system (10) controls the moving trolley (7) to move back and forth once or multiple times within a preset distance before and after the blockage area, and controls the scraper (93) to extend into the material accumulation layer in stages at a preset extension depth, so as to loosen the blockage material layer by layer.

10. The method for preventing blockage of open-pit mine chutes with large elevation differences according to claim 9, characterized in that, In step 3, in step 6, if the scraper (93) fails to remove the blockage within the preset number of cleaning cycles or the preset cleaning time, the control system (10) issues an audible and visual alarm signal, a remote alarm signal, and a shutdown interlock signal.

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