A water treatment reactor and method based on platinum-carbon coating and ultraviolet light source coordination

Abstract

The application discloses a water treatment reactor and method based on platinum-carbon coating and ultraviolet light source cooperation, which comprises a water tank, a Pt-C catalyst coating fixed on the inner wall, a built-in double-wavelength ultraviolet lamp, a water inlet, a water outlet and an electric control system; the Pt-C catalyst coating is formed by loading platinum on a carbon carrier, and the thickness is less than or equal to 0.01 mm; the ultraviolet lamp emits 254 nm and 185 nm light to directly irradiate the coating and water body; during operation, the carbon carrier quickly adsorbs and enriches organic matters, the Pt site provides intrinsic heterogeneous catalysis, and the ultraviolet light assists in initiating a free radical chain reaction; the whole process does not depend on semiconductor band gap excitation, completely avoids the bottlenecks such as narrow TiO2 light response, fast electron-hole recombination, easy deactivation and difficult recovery, and has the advantages of high degradation efficiency, fast rate, low energy consumption, stable operation, no need of catalyst recovery and the like, and is suitable for household and industrial efficient water treatment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of water treatment equipment technology, specifically relating to a water treatment reactor and method based on the synergy of platinum-carbon coating and ultraviolet light source. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, advanced oxidation water treatment commonly employs TiO2 semiconductor photocatalysts in conjunction with ultraviolet light sources to purify water. The mainstream structure involves coating the inner wall of the reactor with TiO2 or using a TiO2 suspension slurry, with ultraviolet lamps placed inside or outside the reactor for irradiation. This technology relies on ultraviolet light to excite TiO2 to generate electron-hole pairs, which in turn generate hydroxyl radicals to oxidize and decompose organic matter. However, this system has inherent drawbacks that are difficult to overcome: TiO2 has a band gap of approximately 3.2 eV, allowing it to absorb ultraviolet light with wavelengths less than 387 nm, resulting in extremely low spectral utilization; photogenerated electron-hole pairs recombine rapidly, leading to low quantum efficiency and limited actual oxidation capacity; the catalyst is easily adsorbed and covered by natural organic matter in the water, causing deactivation; suspended TiO2 requires complex sedimentation or membrane separation processes for recovery, significantly increasing equipment and operating costs; simultaneously, the system has poor resistance to water quality interference, being significantly affected by turbidity and background organic matter, resulting in incomplete degradation, long treatment cycles, and high energy consumption in practical applications.

[0003] The defects of existing technologies all stem from the limitations of the intrinsic physical properties of TiO2 semiconductors, which cannot be fundamentally solved by conventional modification. This makes it difficult for existing water treatment devices to meet the requirements of high efficiency, stability, and low consumption for purification, and further improvements are needed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the technical problems of low catalytic oxidation efficiency, slow pollutant degradation rate, high energy consumption, easy catalyst deactivation, and difficulty in separation and recovery in existing TiO2 photocatalytic water treatment technologies, this invention provides a water treatment reactor and method based on the synergy of platinum-carbon coating and ultraviolet light source. By replacing the TiO2 semiconductor system with a Pt-C catalytic system and combining it with ultraviolet light source assistance, an adsorption-catalysis-photo-assisted synergistic mechanism is constructed to achieve efficient, stable, and low-consumption water purification.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A water treatment reactor based on the synergistic effect of a platinum-carbon coating and an ultraviolet light source includes a water tank, an ultraviolet lamp, an inlet, and an outlet. A Pt-C catalyst coating, which is a composite catalyst coating formed by platinum supported on a carbon carrier, is fixedly disposed on the inner wall of the water tank. The ultraviolet lamp is fixed inside the water tank and arranged longitudinally within the tank. The emitted light from the ultraviolet lamp directly irradiates the Pt-C catalyst coating and the water, purifying the water through the synergistic effect of ultraviolet light and the Pt-C catalyst coating. The inlet and outlet are respectively located at the upper and lower ends of the water tank.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Pt-C catalyst coating is a continuous and uniform film layer, which is fixed to the inner wall of the water tank by high-temperature sintering or water-resistant adhesive, and the coating thickness is 0.001mm to 0.01mm, and does not fall off under the scouring of water flow.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the Pt-C catalyst coating, platinum is loaded on the surface of a carbon support in the form of nanoparticles, and the mass fraction of platinum loading is 0.5% to 5.0%; the carbon support is at least one of activated carbon, carbon black, and graphene, and has a porous adsorption structure and a conductive network structure.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ultraviolet lamp is a dual-wavelength ultraviolet light source, the emission spectrum of which includes 254nm and 185nm ultraviolet light, and it is installed in an immersion manner or protected by a quartz sleeve.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, an electronic control system is also included, which is electrically connected to the ultraviolet lamp and is used to control the switching and power adjustment of the ultraviolet lamp; a water pump is optionally installed on the inlet and outlet pipes.

[0011] A method for water treatment using a water treatment reactor based on a platinum-carbon coating and an ultraviolet light source, as described above, includes the following steps:

[0012] Step 1: Start the reactor water inlet unit to continuously feed the water to be treated into the reactor tank through the inlet. Control the water flow rate to be stable so that the water can evenly fill the tank cavity and make full contact with the Pt-C catalyst coating on the inner wall, thus completing the water feeding and space filling.

[0013] Step 2 utilizes the porous adsorption structure of the carbon support in the Pt-C catalyst coating to physically adsorb and enrich organic pollutants in the water at the interface, allowing pollutants to continuously accumulate on the coating surface and form a stable adsorption equilibrium state, providing a high-concentration reaction interface for the catalytic reaction.

[0014] Step 3: Turn on the built-in dual-wavelength ultraviolet lamp through the electronic control system, adjust the output power of the ultraviolet lamp, so that 185nm and 254nm ultraviolet light directly irradiate the Pt-C catalyst coating and the water, and start the photo-assisted catalysis conditions.

[0015] Step 4: Under the synergistic effect of intrinsic heterogeneous catalysis at the Pt active sites and ultraviolet light, reactive oxygen species such as hydroxyl radicals are generated in situ to oxidize and decompose the organic pollutants adsorbed and enriched on the coating surface, gradually degrading the organic pollutants into small molecule intermediates and finally mineralizing them. The catalytic reaction does not rely on the generation of electron-hole pairs by semiconductor bandgap excitation throughout the entire process.

[0016] Step 5: After the water body completes the preset hydraulic retention time, the catalytic oxidation reaction achieves the preset purification effect, and the purified water that meets the standards is stably discharged from the outlet, completing a single water treatment process.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step 2, the Pt-C catalyst coating degrades organic matter through adsorption and intrinsic heterogeneous catalysis in a dark state without ultraviolet light irradiation.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step 2, the catalytic process is a heterogeneous adsorption-catalytic synergistic process, which does not rely on semiconductor bandgap excitation to generate electron-hole pairs.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step 3, the ultraviolet lamp uses a dual-wavelength composite light source of 254nm and 185nm. The 185nm wavelength ionizes water molecules to generate ozone and primary free radicals, while the 254nm wavelength excites a synergistic free radical chain reaction.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step 4, the hydraulic retention time is adjusted to 5 to 30 minutes according to the COD concentration of the water.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] 1. Mechanism Innovation: Abandoning TiO2 semiconductor photocatalysis, a synergistic mechanism of Pt-C heterogeneous catalysis + carbon adsorption enrichment + ultraviolet-assisted catalysis is adopted, which completely avoids the inherent bottlenecks of narrow light response and fast electron-hole recombination, and the quantum efficiency is greatly improved.

[0023] 2. Improved efficiency: The carbon carrier rapidly adsorbs and concentrates low-concentration organic matter, the Pt active sites significantly reduce the activation energy of the oxidation reaction, and ultraviolet light initiates free radical chain reactions, resulting in an order-of-magnitude increase in degradation rate and mineralization degree.

[0024] 3. Stable operation: The catalyst coating is fixed to the inner wall of the water tank, eliminating the need for separation and recycling. It is not easily contaminated or deactivated, has strong resistance to water quality interference, and exhibits high long-term operational stability.

[0025] 4. Economic and energy-saving: High energy utilization rate, lower energy consumption and shorter time for the same treatment effect, simple equipment structure and low maintenance cost, suitable for household terminal water purification and industrial wastewater treatment. Attached Figure Description

[0026] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments or prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a water treatment reactor based on the synergy of a platinum-carbon coating and an ultraviolet light source, provided as an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a water treatment reactor based on the synergy of a platinum-carbon coating and an ultraviolet light source, provided as an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Attached diagram labels: 1. Water tank; 2. Pt-C catalyst coating; 3. Ultraviolet lamp; 4. Water inlet; 5. Water outlet; 6. Electrical control system. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0031] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a water treatment reactor based on the synergistic effect of a platinum-carbon coating and an ultraviolet light source, including a water tank 1, an ultraviolet lamp 3, an inlet 4, and an outlet 5. A Pt-C catalyst coating 2 is fixedly disposed on the inner wall of the water tank 1. Pt-C refers to platinum-carbon, and the Pt-C catalyst coating 2 is a composite catalyst coating formed by platinum supported on a carbon carrier, with a thickness ≤0.01mm. The ultraviolet lamp 3 is built into the water tank 1, and its emitted light directly irradiates the Pt-C catalyst coating 2 and the water, used to purify the water through the synergistic effect of ultraviolet light and the Pt-C catalyst coating. The inlet 4 and the outlet 5 are respectively located at the upper and lower ends of the water tank 1.

[0032] Water tank 1 is a closed or semi-closed reaction vessel made of stainless steel or engineering plastic.

[0033] The Pt-C catalyst coating 2 is a continuous and uniform film layer, fixed to the inner wall of the water tank by high-temperature sintering or water-resistant adhesive. The coating thickness is 0.001 mm to 0.01 mm, and it does not fall off under water flow. In the Pt-C catalyst coating 2, platinum is loaded on the surface of the carbon support in the form of nanoparticles, and the mass fraction of platinum loading is 0.5% to 5.0%. The carbon support is at least one of activated carbon, carbon black, and graphene, and has a porous adsorption structure and a conductive network structure.

[0034] The UV lamp 3 is a dual-wavelength UV light source, emitting a spectrum including 254nm and 185nm UV light, and is installed in an immersion manner or protected by a quartz sleeve.

[0035] The water treatment reactor based on the synergy of platinum-carbon coating and ultraviolet light source also includes an electrical control system 6, which is electrically connected to the ultraviolet lamp 3 and is used to control the switching and power adjustment of the ultraviolet lamp 3; water pumps are optionally installed on the inlet 4 and outlet 5 pipelines.

[0036] Water enters tank 1 through inlet 4. During the water's static or circulating process, organic matter in the water is first rapidly adsorbed and concentrated onto the surface of the Pt-C catalyst coating 2 by the carbon support. Simultaneously, ultraviolet light emitted by ultraviolet lamp 3 directly irradiates the coating surface and the water, causing a catalytic oxidation reaction under the assistance of Pt active sites and UV. The generated hydroxyl radicals (·OH) completely oxidize and decompose the concentrated organic matter. The purified water is then discharged through outlet 5.

[0037] The Pt-C catalyst coating 2 is the core functional layer of the reactor: it consists of nano-platinum particles, carbon support, and binder phase, and is prepared using an integrated "loading-dispersion-film formation-curing" process to ensure that the coating has high adsorption, high catalytic activity, high water resistance, and high stability.

[0038] The raw material ratio and preparation: The carbon support is selected from one or more of activated carbon, carbon black, graphene, and carbon nanotubes, with a blend ratio of activated carbon:graphene = 7:3, which combines high specific surface area and high conductivity. The platinum source is selected from soluble platinum salts such as chloroplatinic acid and platinum nitrate, which are reduced to form platinum nanoparticles with a particle size of 2nm–10nm, which are uniformly loaded on the surface of the carbon support. Preparation process: The carbon support is dispersed in an ethanol-water solution and ultrasonically dispersed for 30min to form a uniform suspension; a platinum salt solution is added, and sodium borohydride and ethylene glycol are used as reducing agents, and reduction is carried out at 60℃–90℃ for 2h–4h to make the platinum nanoparticles firmly attached to the surface of the carbon support; after centrifugation, washing, and vacuum drying, Pt-C composite catalyst powder is obtained, in which the platinum loading mass fraction is strictly controlled at 0.5%–5.0%, preferably 1.0%–2.0% for household use and 3.0%–5.0% for industrial use, balancing catalytic activity and cost.

[0039] Coating and curing methods include high-temperature sintering, water-resistant adhesive spraying, and electrostatic adsorption, which can be flexibly selected according to the material of the water tank.

[0040] High-temperature sintering method: Suitable for stainless steel and ceramic water tanks. Pt-C catalyst powder is mixed with inorganic binder to form a slurry, which is then uniformly coated onto the inner wall of the water tank by spraying or brushing. The coating thickness is controlled between 0.001mm and 0.01mm. The tank is then placed in a muffle furnace and sintered at 300℃–500℃ for 1 to 3 hours. After cooling, a continuous and dense coating is formed with high bonding strength, resistance to water flow erosion and acid and alkali corrosion, and a service life of more than 5 years.

[0041] Water-resistant adhesive spraying method: Suitable for water tanks made of engineering plastics and glass. A food-grade water-based water-resistant adhesive is selected and mixed with Pt-C catalyst powder at a mass ratio of 1:4. After thorough mixing, high-pressure airless spraying is used. The spraying pressure is 0.2MPa–0.5MPa, applied in 2–3 coats with 15-minute intervals between coats. Curing is allowed at room temperature for 24 hours or at 60℃ for 2 hours. The coating is odorless, insoluble in water, and meets household water purification safety standards. After coating formation, a water resistance test is required: the coated water tank is filled with clean water and continuously circulated for 30 days. The coating should show no peeling, chalking, or discoloration, and the adsorption and catalytic performance retention rate should be ≥95%, ensuring long-term stable operation.

[0042] Coating performance can be adjusted by modifying the platinum loading, carbon carrier type, and coating thickness to achieve performance adaptation for different water treatment needs: low platinum loading (0.5%–1.0%) is suitable for low-pollution drinking water and is inexpensive; high platinum loading (3.0%–5.0%) is suitable for high-concentration industrial wastewater and has stronger catalytic activity; thin coating (0.001mm–0.005mm) has high light transmittance and improved ultraviolet light utilization efficiency; thick coating (0.005mm–0.01mm) has large adsorption capacity and is suitable for water bodies with high turbidity and high organic matter content.

[0043] Optimization of UV light source selection and installation: As the core component of photo-assisted catalysis, UV lamp 3 adopts a dual-wavelength UV light source, emitting 185nm vacuum UV light and 254nm bactericidal UV light. The two wavelengths work together to achieve the triple effect of "free radical generation, chain reaction activation, and water sterilization". The selection and installation of the light source directly affect the catalytic efficiency and energy consumption.

[0044] Light source type and parameters:

[0045] Household type: Uses dual-wavelength UVC-LED ultraviolet lamps with a power of 1W–10W. It is small in size, mercury-free and environmentally friendly, starts up quickly, and can be steplessly dimmed. The light emission angle is 120°–180°, ensuring that the ultraviolet light fully covers the Pt-C catalyst coating and water. The service life is ≥10000h.

[0046] Industrial type: Utilizes dual-wavelength low-pressure mercury lamps, with a power of 20W–200W. Offers stable light output and low cost, with 185nm ultraviolet light accounting for ≥10% and 254nm ultraviolet light accounting for ≥80%. Suitable for large-volume reactors, with a service life ≥8000 hours. Light source parameters must meet the following requirements: the 185nm wavelength is responsible for ionizing water molecules and dissolved oxygen, generating ozone, hydroxyl radicals, superoxide anions, and other reactive oxygen species; the 254nm wavelength is responsible for stimulating free radical chain reactions, degrading organic matter, and killing bacteria and viruses in the water. The two wavelengths operate without interference and synergistically enhance each other's effects.

[0047] The UV protection lamp 3 can be installed in two ways: immersion installation and external sleeve installation.

[0048] Immersion installation: The UV lamp is placed directly in the center of the water tank. The lamp body is encapsulated with quartz glass, which has a UV transmittance of ≥90%. The UV light directly irradiates the coating and the water, resulting in the highest light utilization efficiency, making it suitable for cleaning water bodies.

[0049] External sleeve installation: The UV lamp is placed in a quartz sleeve, which is sealed to the water tank, preventing direct contact between the lamp and the water. This facilitates replacement and maintenance, and is suitable for industrial wastewater and high-turbidity water, preventing the lamp from being contaminated or corroded. Installation spacing control: The distance between the UV lamp and the coating surface should be 5cm–20cm. Too close a distance can cause excessively high local light intensity and coating aging, while too far a distance reduces light utilization efficiency. When multiple lamps are configured, the lamp spacing should be 10cm–30cm to ensure that there are no blind spots in the water tank and that the water and coating are evenly illuminated.

[0050] Electrical control system and hydraulic system design: The electrical control system 6 works in conjunction with the hydraulic system to achieve automatic control of the reactor, parameter adjustment, safety protection, and intelligent operation and maintenance, thereby improving the ease of operation and the stability of water treatment.

[0051] The electrical control system utilizes a microcontroller or a programmable logic controller (PLC). For home use, a microcontroller is chosen due to its small size and low cost; for industrial use, a PLC is selected for network monitoring and remote control. Core functions include:

[0052] UV lamp control: Enables on / off control, power adjustment, and timed start / stop. It can automatically adjust the UV light intensity according to water quality, saving energy and reducing consumption.

[0053] Water flow control: It is linked with the water pumps at the inlet and outlet to automatically adjust the flow rate according to the hydraulic residence time, with a flow range of 0.1L / min–1000L / min.

[0054] Safety protection: It has water shortage protection, overload protection, and leakage protection functions. When the water tank is empty, the UV lamp and water pump will be automatically turned off to prevent equipment damage.

[0055] Status monitoring: Real-time display of UV lamp power, water flow rate, and running time; automatic alarm in case of malfunction, facilitating maintenance.

[0056] The hydraulic system is designed with inlet 4 at the bottom of the water tank and outlet 5 at the top, employing a bottom-in, top-out flow pattern to ensure the entire cavity is filled with water, eliminating air pockets and short-circuiting, and extending the water flow path and contact time. The pipeline can be equipped with self-priming pumps, circulating pumps, or metering pumps. The domestic model uses gravity flow or a small self-priming pump, requiring no external power supply; the industrial model uses a variable frequency circulating pump, allowing for flexible flow rate adjustment based on COD concentration and treatment volume. The hydraulic retention time (HRT) is dynamically adjusted according to the degree of water pollution: drinking water and purified water HRT = 5-10 min; deep treatment of domestic sewage HRT = 10-20 min; industrial recalcitrant organic wastewater HRT = 20-30 min, ensuring complete degradation and mineralization of organic matter.

[0057] This invention also provides a method for water treatment using a water treatment reactor based on a platinum-carbon coating and an ultraviolet light source, as described above, comprising the following steps:

[0058] Step 1: Start the reactor water inlet unit to continuously feed the water to be treated into the reactor tank through the inlet. Control the water flow rate to be stable so that the water can evenly fill the tank cavity and make full contact with the Pt-C catalyst coating on the inner wall, thus completing the water feeding and space filling.

[0059] Step 2 utilizes the porous adsorption structure of the carbon support in the Pt-C catalyst coating to physically adsorb and enrich organic pollutants in the water at the interface, allowing pollutants to continuously accumulate on the coating surface and form a stable adsorption equilibrium state, providing a high-concentration reaction interface for the catalytic reaction.

[0060] Step 3: Turn on the built-in dual-wavelength ultraviolet lamp through the electronic control system, adjust the output power of the ultraviolet lamp, so that 185nm and 254nm ultraviolet light directly irradiate the Pt-C catalyst coating and the water, and start the photo-assisted catalysis conditions.

[0061] Step 4: Under the synergistic effect of intrinsic heterogeneous catalysis at the Pt active sites and ultraviolet light, reactive oxygen species such as hydroxyl radicals are generated in situ to oxidize and decompose the organic pollutants adsorbed and enriched on the coating surface, gradually degrading the organic pollutants into small molecule intermediates and finally mineralizing them. The catalytic reaction does not rely on the generation of electron-hole pairs by semiconductor bandgap excitation throughout the entire process.

[0062] Step 5: After the water body completes the preset hydraulic retention time, the catalytic oxidation reaction achieves the preset purification effect, and the purified water that meets the standards is stably discharged from the outlet, completing a single water treatment process.

[0063] In step 2, the Pt-C catalyst coating degrades organic matter through adsorption and intrinsic heterogeneous catalysis in the dark without ultraviolet light irradiation.

[0064] In step 2, the catalytic process is a heterogeneous adsorption-catalytic synergistic process, which does not rely on semiconductor bandgap excitation to generate electron-hole pairs.

[0065] In step 3, the ultraviolet lamp uses a dual-wavelength composite light source of 254nm and 185nm. The 185nm wavelength ionizes water molecules to generate ozone and primary free radicals, while the 254nm wavelength excites a synergistic free radical chain reaction.

[0066] In step 4, the hydraulic retention time is adjusted to 5 to 30 minutes according to the COD concentration in the water.

[0067] Specifically, when using this reactor for water treatment, it strictly follows a five-step process: influent - adsorption - photocatalysis - degradation - effluent. The entire process is automated and requires no manual intervention. The specific steps are as follows:

[0068] Step 1: Stabilizing Water Intake and Filling the Chamber. Start the water pump to continuously feed the water to be treated (drinking water, sewage, wastewater) into the tank through the lower inlet. Control the water flow rate to be stable, with a flow deviation of ≤±5%. The water should rise slowly and evenly fill the tank chamber, expelling internal air and ensuring full and complete contact between the water and the Pt-C catalyst coating, with no blind spots. During the filling process, the water flow rate should be gentle to avoid violent scouring that could cause the coating to peel off. The filling time should be adjusted according to the tank volume: 1-3 minutes for small household equipment and 5-10 minutes for large industrial equipment.

[0069] Step 2: Dark-State Adsorption and Pollutant Enrichment. After water filling is complete, the dark-state adsorption stage begins. Without the need for UV lamps, the porous structure and high specific surface area of ​​the carbon support in the Pt-C catalyst coating facilitate the physical and chemical adsorption of organic pollutants, chromatic substances, trace heavy metals, and odor molecules in the water. This rapidly enriches low-concentration pollutants on the coating surface, creating a localized high-concentration reaction microenvironment. During this stage, the Pt active sites simultaneously exert their intrinsic heterogeneous catalytic activity, directly weakening the chemical bonds of organic matter without UV excitation, achieving preliminary degradation. After 3–5 minutes of dark-state treatment, pollutant removal rates can reach 50%–65%, laying the foundation for subsequent photocatalytic degradation. This process does not rely on semiconductor bandgap excitation, completely differentiating itself from the "no light, no effect" defect of traditional TiO2 photocatalysis.

[0070] Step 3: Dual-wavelength UV light activation and synergistic excitation. The dual-wavelength UV lamps are activated via an electronic control system, adjusting the output power: 3W-5W for household models and 50W-100W for industrial models. 185nm and 254nm UV light directly irradiates the Pt-C catalyst coating and water, initiating photo-assisted catalysis. The 185nm UV light photoionizes water molecules to generate hydroxyl radicals (·OH) and hydrogen radicals (H·), while simultaneously decomposing dissolved oxygen to generate ozone (O3). The 254nm UV light photolyzes some organic matter, stimulating a chain reaction between ozone and free radicals to generate more reactive oxygen species. The synergistic effect of the two wavelengths increases the free radical generation rate by more than three times, significantly accelerating the catalytic reaction rate.

[0071] Step 4: Synergistic Catalytic Degradation and Thorough Mineralization. Under the triple synergistic effect of intrinsic heterogeneous catalysis at Pt active sites, adsorption and enrichment by the carbon support, and free radical excitation by ultraviolet light, organic pollutants on the coating surface are rapidly oxidized and decomposed: macromolecular organic matter is first degraded into small-molecule organic acids, alcohols, aldehydes, and other intermediate products, and then further mineralized into harmless substances such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O), without secondary pollution. During the catalytic process, the carbon support acts as a conductive network, rapidly capturing free electrons and transferring them to Pt sites, reducing dissolved oxygen to generate superoxide anions (•O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), achieving oxidant recycling, avoiding free radical quenching, and improving quantum efficiency. No electron-hole recombination phenomenon occurs throughout the process, and the light utilization efficiency is improved by more than 80% compared to the TiO2 system, with a degradation rate increased by 3-5 times.

[0072] Step 5: After the effluent and continuously operating water reach the preset hydraulic retention time, the organic pollutant removal rate is ≥95%, the COD removal rate is ≥90%, and color and odor are completely removed, meeting drinking water standards or industrial discharge standards. Open the outlet valve, and the purified water is stably discharged, completing a single water treatment process. The reactor can achieve continuous flow operation, with influent and effluent occurring simultaneously, requiring no downtime and allowing for 24-hour uninterrupted operation to meet the continuous water treatment needs of both domestic and industrial users. When shutting down, turn off the UV lamp and water pump, and inject clean water to circulate and clean the chamber for 10 minutes to remove residual impurities from the coating surface and extend its service life.

[0073] The working principle of this invention is as follows: After water enters the reactor, the carbon support in the Pt-C catalyst coating 2, with its high specific surface area and strong adsorption capacity, rapidly enriches low-concentration organic matter in the water onto the coating surface, creating a localized high-concentration reaction microenvironment. Pt nanoparticles, acting as highly active catalytic sites, chemically adsorb organic molecules, significantly reducing the activation energy of the oxidation reaction. The 254nm and 185nm ultraviolet light emitted by the ultraviolet lamp 3 directly acts on the water and adsorbed organic matter. The 185nm light photolyzes water molecules to generate hydroxyl radicals, while the 254nm light initiates a free radical chain degradation reaction. Simultaneously, the carbon support acts as a conductive network, enabling electron shuttle, removing free electrons, and generating secondary oxidants, synergistically improving oxidation efficiency. Through the "adsorption-catalysis synergy" mechanism, the Pt-C catalyst coating and ultraviolet light source work together in the water treatment reaction, without involving semiconductor bandgap transitions throughout the process. This addresses the inherent defects of the TiO2 system at its root, achieving efficient, stable, and low-water-consumption treatment.

[0074] The "catalytic" role of Pt active sites: As a highly active noble metal site, Pt provides an efficient redox reaction interface around enriched pollutants. The "assisted and excitation" role of UV: 254nm and 185nm UV light directly photolyzes some pollutants in the water or generates a small amount of free radicals. Simultaneously, it penetrates the water and irradiates the Pt-C catalyst coating, assisting in accelerating the free radical chain reaction on the Pt surface (similar to the UV-assisted catalytic wet air oxidation (UV-CWAO) mechanism). Avoiding the semiconductor bottleneck: The entire process does not rely on the bandgap excitation of the catalyst, thus completely eliminating the problems of "rapid electron-hole recombination" and "narrow light response due to bandgap," resulting in a significant improvement in quantum efficiency.

[0075] Pt-C catalyst coating parameters: The mass fraction of Pt loaded on the carbon support is 0.5%~5.0%; the coating is attached to the inner wall of the water tank by high-temperature sintering or spraying with a special water-resistant adhesive to ensure it does not fall off under water flow; the coating thickness is controlled between 0.001mm and 0.01mm (ensuring sufficient adsorption and catalytic capacity while avoiding excessive coating thickness that could lead to saturation of the inner carbon layer and loss of effectiveness). UV lamp configuration: A dual-wavelength composite mercury lamp (254nm and 185nm) or a UVC-LED array is used. The 185nm wavelength is used to ionize water molecules to generate ozone and more primary free radicals, while the 254nm wavelength is used to excite synergistic reactions. Hydraulic residence time: The water pump flow rate is dynamically adjusted according to the COD concentration of the water to control the residence time of the water in the tank to 5~30 minutes. This invention's water treatment process differs fundamentally from traditional TiO2 semiconductor photocatalysis in terms of reaction thermodynamics and kinetic pathways. Traditional TiO2 systems belong to the "semiconductor band excitation model," while the Pt-C catalyst coating system of this invention belongs to the "UV-assisted heterogeneous catalytic oxidation model at a high-concentration enrichment interface." Its synergistic mechanism can be broken down into the following processes:

[0076] Targeted enrichment and microenvironment reshaping of carbon supports (breaking mass transfer limitations): During water flow or settling, carbon supports (such as activated carbon and graphene) in Pt-C catalyst coatings, with their rich pore structure and huge specific surface area, rapidly "capture" and enrich low-concentration, large-volume organic pollutants in the water onto the coating surface through physical adsorption such as van der Waals forces. This process constructs a locally high-concentration reaction microenvironment on the catalyst surface, completely breaking the "idle" phenomenon caused by the lack of pollutants on the surface of traditional photocatalysts, transforming macroscopic low-concentration water treatment into microscopic high-concentration interfacial reactions.

[0077] "Intrinsic heterogeneous catalysis" of Pt active sites (discarding bandgap excitation): Organic molecules enriched on the carbon support surface undergo interfacial migration to Pt nanoparticles (active metal sites). As a typical d-block transition metal, Pt has a large number of unfilled d orbitals on its surface, which can directly and strongly chemisorb (σ-π coordination) with the functional groups of organic molecules (such as benzene rings, double bonds, hydroxyl groups, etc.), weakening the chemical bond energy of organic matter at the molecular level and significantly reducing the activation energy of oxidation reactions.

[0078] In this process, Pt exerts its inherent "heterogeneous catalysis" activity, which does not require any photon energy to generate electron-hole pairs. Therefore, it fundamentally eliminates the quantum efficiency loss caused by "extremely fast recombination of photogenerated carriers (ps level)" in traditional photocatalysis.

[0079] "Assisted induction" and free radical chain excitation by ultraviolet light (non-catalyst excitation): In this invention, the built-in 254nm and 185nm ultraviolet light primarily targets water molecules, dissolved oxygen, and the adsorbed organic matter itself, rather than the Pt-C catalyst. Photolysis and primary free radical generation: 185nm ultraviolet light directly photolyzes water molecules (H2O + hν → ·OH + H·), while 254nm ultraviolet light photolyzes some organic matter containing chromophores, generating a small amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the presence of trace dissolved oxygen. Initiating chain reactions: These primary free radicals (·OH, etc.) generated by UV photolysis travel to the surface of the Pt-C catalyst coating, acting like "sparks" to instantly trigger the free radical chain degradation reaction of organic molecules already in a low activation energy state on the Pt surface. The role of UV is "accelerator" and "initiator," not "igniter" of the catalyst.

[0080] The "electron shuttle" effect of the carbon network and its synergistic promotion of secondary oxidants: During UV radiation of water and pollutants, some free electrons are inevitably generated. In traditional systems, these electrons readily undergo quenching side reactions with free radicals. However, in this system, the carbon support in the Pt-C catalyst coating acts as an excellent conductive network, rapidly capturing these free electrons and transferring them to Pt sites through the "electron shuttle" effect. The Pt sites then transfer these electrons to dissolved oxygen (O2) on the coating surface, reducing them to generate highly oxidizing superoxide anions (·O2). - This can be achieved by using either hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or other oxidants. This not only removes the byproducts that inhibit oxidation but also enables the recycling and regeneration of the oxidant.

[0081] In summary, the reaction pathway of this invention is as follows: carbon adsorption and concentration → intrinsic Pt catalytic dimensional reduction and deconstruction → UV photolysis initiating a free radical chain reaction → carbon network electron transfer promoting the generation of a secondary oxidant. This pathway involves no semiconductor bandgap transitions throughout, completely bypassing the two major drawbacks of TiO2: "wide bandgap leading to narrow photoresponse" and "rapid electron-hole recombination," thus achieving efficient, rapid, and thorough oxidation of recalcitrant organic matter in complex water bodies.

[0082] Example 1: Household small water treatment reactor.

[0083] Water tank 1 is a semi-sealed container made of food-grade engineering plastic. The inner wall is coated with a Pt-C catalyst coating 2, 0.005 mm thick, with a Pt loading of 1.0% by mass. The carbon carrier is activated carbon. The UV lamp 3 is a 254 nm / 185 nm dual-wavelength UVC-LED array, placed in the center of the tank and protected by a quartz sleeve. The inlet 4 and outlet 5 are located at the top and bottom of the tank, respectively. No water pump is installed; the system uses a static environment. The electrical control system 6 controls the switching and power adjustment of the UV lamp. When treating drinking water, the hydraulic retention time is 10 minutes. Trace organic pollutants in the water are rapidly enriched by the carbon carrier and efficiently degraded under Pt catalysis and UV assistance, achieving an organic matter removal rate of over 95% in the effluent. Even without UV light, stable removal can still be achieved through adsorption and intrinsic catalysis.

[0084] Example 2: Industrial flow water treatment reactor.

[0085] Water tank 1 is a sealed container made of 304 stainless steel. The inner wall is coated with a 0.01mm thick Pt-C catalyst layer 2, with a Pt loading of 3.0% by mass, and the carbon support is graphene. The ultraviolet lamp 3 is a dual-wavelength mercury lamp, submerged inside the tank. A circulating water pump is installed at the inlet 4 and outlet 5. The electrical control system 6 is linked to a water quality sensor, automatically adjusting the flow rate based on COD concentration and controlling the hydraulic retention time to 15–25 minutes. When treating recalcitrant industrial organic wastewater, the carbon support rapidly enriches pollutants, Pt sites provide highly efficient catalysis, and dual-wavelength ultraviolet light assists in the generation of a large number of active free radicals, achieving complete mineralization of organic matter. The treatment efficiency is more than three times higher than traditional TiO2 photocatalytic devices, and the catalyst does not require recovery and remains inactive during long-term operation.

[0086] Mechanism verification experiment: Three control groups were set up: ① Pt-C catalyst coating only, no ultraviolet light; ② Pt-C catalyst coating + ultraviolet light; ③ Traditional TiO2 coating + ultraviolet light. The results showed that without ultraviolet light, the Pt-C catalyst coating achieved a pollutant removal rate of 62% through adsorption and intrinsic catalysis; after turning on ultraviolet light, the removal rate increased to 98%; the traditional TiO2 system had a removal rate of 0% without light and only 65% ​​with light. The experiment proves that this invention does not rely on semiconductor bandgap excitation, and ultraviolet light is only an auxiliary acceleration condition, which is fundamentally different from traditional photocatalysis and has outstanding inventiveness and technical advantages.

[0087] This invention employs a Pt-C catalyst system to achieve highly efficient catalytic oxidation under direct ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Specific effects are as follows: the d-band center theory gives Pt a low activation energy barrier for O2 / pollutant oxidation (far lower than that of TiO2 surface); DFT-like systems (such as single-atom Pt) show an improvement of approximately 0.2 eV in CO2 or intermediate adsorption energy. Quantum / efficiency correlation: TiO2 intrinsic quantum yield is 1-10% (·OH generation); Pt-supported systems often improve overall efficiency by 2 times (electron recombination suppression). Pt, as a highly active catalytic site, combined with a carbon support, enhances pollutant adsorption and electron transfer, effectively reducing electron-hole recombination (compared to the TiO2 system), increasing the catalytic oxidation rate, and achieving more thorough mineralization of organic pollutants (generating CO2 and H2O). Direct UV irradiation of water and coatings overcomes the shortcomings of TiO2's narrow light response and rapid recombination. The catalyst coating is fixed to the inner wall, eliminating the need for suspension and recovery, reducing equipment maintenance costs; higher energy utilization, shorter processing time under the same power UV lamp, suitable for different scenarios, and potentially reducing overall energy consumption.

[0088] Routine maintenance of household equipment: Clean the cavity with circulating water for 10 minutes monthly to remove surface impurities; check the brightness of the UV lamp every 6 months, and replace it when the brightness decreases by ≥20%. Industrial equipment: Clean the cavity and coating quarterly to remove stubborn dirt; test the coating performance annually, and if the adsorption and catalytic efficiency decreases by ≤10%, no replacement is needed; replace the UV lamp annually to ensure stable light output.

[0089] Coating Protection: Prevent long-term scouring by sharp particles and high-concentration acids and alkalis in the water. If necessary, install a pre-filter to remove large particles. Light Source Protection: Regularly wipe the surface of the quartz sleeve to remove scale and dirt, ensuring high UV transmittance. Parameter Calibration: Calibrate water flow rate and UV power every 3 months to ensure stable water treatment performance.

[0090] By comprehensively detailing and expanding the reactor structure, coating preparation, light source selection, operation process, scenario adaptation, and maintenance, the technical parameters, operating procedures, and performance requirements of each link are clarified. Based on this content, those skilled in the art can complete the processing, manufacturing, installation, commissioning, and practical application of the equipment, giving full play to the technical advantages of the synergy between Pt-C coating and ultraviolet light source, achieving efficient, stable, low-consumption, and pollution-free water treatment, completely solving the inherent defects of traditional TiO2 photocatalysis technology, and promoting the upgrading and popularization of advanced oxidation water treatment technology.

[0091] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely preferred examples and are not intended to limit the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A water treatment reactor based on the synergistic effect of platinum-carbon coating and ultraviolet light source, characterized in that, The system includes a water tank (1), an ultraviolet lamp (3), an inlet (4), and an outlet (5). The inner wall of the water tank (1) is fixedly provided with a Pt-C catalyst coating (2), which is a composite catalyst coating formed by platinum loaded on a carbon support. The ultraviolet lamp (3) is fixed inside the water tank (1), and the emitted light of the ultraviolet lamp (3) directly irradiates the Pt-C catalyst coating (2) and the water body, so as to purify the water body through the synergistic effect of ultraviolet light and Pt-C catalyst coating. The inlet (4) and the outlet (5) are respectively located at the upper and lower ends of the water tank (1).

2. The water treatment reactor based on the synergistic effect of platinum-carbon coating and ultraviolet light source according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Pt-C catalyst coating (2) is a continuous and uniform film layer, which is fixed to the inner wall of the water tank by high-temperature sintering or water-resistant adhesive. The coating thickness is 0.001mm to 0.01mm and it does not fall off under the scouring of water flow.

3. The water treatment reactor based on the synergy of platinum-carbon coating and ultraviolet light source according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the Pt-C catalyst coating (2), platinum is loaded on the surface of the carbon support in the form of nanoparticles, and the loading mass fraction of platinum is 0.5% to 5.0%; the carbon support is at least one of activated carbon, carbon black, and graphene, and has a porous adsorption structure and a conductive network structure.

4. The water treatment reactor based on the synergistic effect of platinum-carbon coating and ultraviolet light source according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ultraviolet lamp (3) is a dual-wavelength ultraviolet light source, and its emission spectrum includes 254nm and 185nm ultraviolet light. It is installed in an immersion manner or protected by a quartz sleeve.

5. The water treatment reactor based on the synergistic effect of platinum-carbon coating and ultraviolet light source according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an electrical control system (6), which is electrically connected to the ultraviolet lamp (3) and is used to control the switching and power adjustment of the ultraviolet lamp (3); water pumps are optionally installed on the inlet (4) and outlet (5) pipelines.

6. A method for water treatment based on a water treatment reactor using a platinum-carbon coating and an ultraviolet light source as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Start the reactor water inlet unit and continuously feed the water to be treated into the reactor water tank through the inlet. Control the water flow rate to be stable so that the water can evenly fill the water tank cavity and make full contact with the Pt-C catalyst coating on the inner wall, thus completing the water feeding and space filling. Step 2: Utilize the porous adsorption structure of the carbon support in the Pt-C catalyst coating to physically adsorb and enrich organic pollutants in the water at the interface, so that the pollutants continuously accumulate on the coating surface and form a stable adsorption equilibrium state, providing a high-concentration reaction interface for the catalytic reaction. Step 3: Turn on the built-in dual-wavelength ultraviolet lamp through the electronic control system, adjust the output power of the ultraviolet lamp, so that 185nm and 254nm ultraviolet light directly irradiate the Pt-C catalyst coating and water, and start the photo-assisted catalysis conditions. Step 4: Under the synergistic effect of intrinsic heterogeneous catalysis at Pt active sites and ultraviolet light, reactive oxygen species such as hydroxyl radicals are generated in situ to oxidize and decompose organic pollutants adsorbed and enriched on the coating surface, gradually degrading the organic pollutants into small molecule intermediates and mineralizing them. The catalytic reaction does not rely on semiconductor bandgap excitation to generate electron-hole pairs throughout the entire process. Step 5: After the water body completes the preset hydraulic retention time, the catalytic oxidation reaction achieves the preset purification effect, and the purified water that meets the standards is stably discharged from the outlet, completing a single water treatment process.

7. The method for water treatment based on a water treatment reactor synergistically using a platinum-carbon coating and an ultraviolet light source according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step 2, the Pt-C catalyst coating degrades organic matter through adsorption and intrinsic heterogeneous catalysis in the dark without ultraviolet light irradiation.

8. The method for water treatment based on a water treatment reactor synergistically using a platinum-carbon coating and an ultraviolet light source according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step 2, the catalytic process is a heterogeneous adsorption-catalytic synergistic process, which does not rely on semiconductor bandgap excitation to generate electron-hole pairs.

9. The method for water treatment based on a water treatment reactor synergistically using a platinum-carbon coating and an ultraviolet light source according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step 3, the ultraviolet lamp uses a dual-wavelength composite light source of 254nm and 185nm. The 185nm wavelength ionizes water molecules to generate ozone and primary free radicals, while the 254nm wavelength excites a synergistic free radical chain reaction.

10. The method for water treatment based on a water treatment reactor synergistically using a platinum-carbon coating and an ultraviolet light source according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step 4, the hydraulic retention time is adjusted to 5 to 30 minutes based on the COD concentration in the water.

Images