Electrochemical algal removal method and system

Abstract

The application discloses an electrochemical algae removal method and system, belongs to the field of algae removal, and comprises a solar power supply system, an algae activity monitoring device, an intelligent control system, an electrochemical algae removal reactor and a movable platform. The algae activity monitoring device integrates a portable ATP activity tester and a chlorophyll fluorescence monitor, and real-time acquisition of algae activity indexes and photosynthetic activity indexes of water bodies is realized. The intelligent control system dynamically adjusts the current density, treatment time and electrode spacing of the electrochemical algae removal reactor according to the double-index data, and generates a treatment flow instruction in linkage with the power generation of the solar power supply system. The electrochemical algae removal reactor adopts adjustable-spacing grid electrodes and an aeration strengthening unit, and realizes algae inactivation. Through double-index monitoring and intelligent parameter matching, the application realizes efficient, low-consumption and movable continuous electrochemical algae removal.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of algae removal, and particularly relates to an electrochemical algae removal method and system. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, with the increasing eutrophication of global water bodies, the frequency and coverage of cyanobacterial blooms have risen, seriously threatening drinking water safety and aquatic ecological balance. Traditional chemical algae removal methods (such as adding copper sulfate and hydrogen peroxide) can quickly inhibit algae growth, but they easily cause heavy metal residues and secondary pollution; mechanical algae removal (such as dredging boats) has limitations such as high equipment costs, low treatment efficiency, and inability to remove algal toxins. Electrochemical algae removal technology, due to its advantages such as no need to add chemicals, strong oxidation capacity, and no secondary pollution, has gradually become a research hotspot for algal bloom control.

[0003] However, existing electrochemical algae removal technologies still have the following core drawbacks: First, they have high energy consumption, with most equipment relying on mains power, resulting in high power consumption per unit volume of algal solution and high operating costs; second, the process parameters are fixed, making it impossible to dynamically adjust key parameters such as current density and treatment time according to changes in algal physiological activity (such as metabolic activity and photosynthetic capacity), leading to large fluctuations in algae removal efficiency and poor adaptability; third, they lack intelligent monitoring and control modules, requiring manual on-site operation, resulting in delayed response and difficulty in achieving routine treatment of large areas and remote water bodies; fourth, they cannot effectively treat dormant cyanobacteria deposited in the bottom sediment, leading to repeated algal blooms; and fifth, long-term use of fixed parameters can easily induce algae to develop "drug resistance," causing the algae removal effect to continuously decline with prolonged operation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides an electrochemical algae removal method, comprising: Real-time data on the activity status of algae in the water body is obtained through an algae activity monitoring device; Based on the acquired algal activity state data, the intelligent control system generates electrochemical treatment parameter adjustment instructions. According to the generated electrochemical treatment parameter adjustment instructions, the electrochemical algae removal reactor is controlled to perform electrochemical treatment on algae; Based on the real-time power generation of the solar power system, the intelligent control system generates a corresponding processing flow command and adjusts the algae treatment flow rate entering the electrochemical algae removal reactor according to the processing flow command.

[0005] On the other hand, the present invention also provides an electrochemical algae removal system, comprising: Solar power systems are used to provide electrical energy; Algae activity monitoring device, used to acquire real-time data on the activity status of algae in water bodies; The intelligent control system is used to generate electrochemical treatment parameter adjustment instructions based on the algal activity status data obtained by the algal activity monitoring device. An electrochemical algae removal reactor is used to perform electrochemical treatment of algae according to the electrochemical treatment parameter adjustment instructions generated by the intelligent control system. A mobile platform is used to carry the solar power supply system, the algae activity monitoring device, the intelligent control system, and the electrochemical algae removal reactor, and moves to operate according to a preset work route.

[0006] Optionally, the algal activity monitoring device includes a portable ATP activity tester and a chlorophyll fluorescence monitor; the algal activity status data is obtained by calculating the algal activity index based on the ATP concentration obtained from the water sample detected by the portable ATP activity tester. The photosynthetic activity index is calculated based on the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters obtained from the water sample detected by the chlorophyll fluorescence monitor.

[0007] Optionally, the intelligent control system generates the electrochemical treatment parameter adjustment instructions by: determining the growth stage of the algae based on the algal activity index and the photosynthetic activity index; and matching the corresponding base current density value and treatment time value based on the determined growth stage of the algae.

[0008] Optionally, the electrochemical algae removal reactor includes a grid-like anode plate and a cathode plate with adjustable spacing; The electrochemical treatment parameter adjustment commands include current density adjustment commands, treatment time adjustment commands, and electrode spacing adjustment commands; The electrochemical algae removal reactor performs electrochemical treatment according to the current density adjustment command and the treatment time adjustment command, and drives the adjustment of the distance between the anode plate and the cathode plate according to the electrode distance adjustment command.

[0009] Optionally, the solar power system includes a solar panel array, an energy storage battery, and an energy manager; The intelligent control system is also used to: determine the current energy supply level based on the real-time power generation of the solar panel array; and generate corresponding processing flow instructions based on the energy supply level.

[0010] Optionally, a flow regulating valve is provided at the inlet of the electrochemical algae removal reactor; the electrochemical algae removal reactor is also used for: The flow rate command generated by the intelligent control system is used to control the opening of the flow regulating valve to adjust the flow rate of algae-treated water entering the electrochemical algae removal reactor.

[0011] Optionally, the electrochemical algae removal reactor further includes a flexible electrode array and a pulsed power supply; The intelligent control system is also used to: generate a pulse power supply command and an electrode insertion command when the operation command is detected to be a bottom sediment treatment mode; According to the electrode insertion command, the flexible electrode array is driven to insert into the surface layer of the bottom sediment of the water body; According to the pulse power supply command, the pulse power supply applies a pulse current to the flexible electrode array inserted into the bottom sediment.

[0012] Optionally, the intelligent control system is further configured to: acquire a preset formula for dynamic adjustment of electrochemical parameters, the formula including a current density component that changes periodically with time; According to the dynamic adjustment formula, a dynamic current density adjustment command is periodically generated; the electrochemical algae removal reactor executes a periodically changing current density output according to the dynamic current density adjustment command.

[0013] Optionally, the mobile platform further includes a propulsion system and a navigation and positioning module; The movement operation according to the preset operation route is achieved by generating movement control commands based on the comparison results between the real-time location information obtained by the navigation and positioning module and the preset operation route. According to the movement control command, the propulsion system is controlled to drive the mobile platform to move along the preset work route.

[0014] On the other hand, the present invention also provides an electronic device including a memory, a processor, and a computing program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the method when executing the computing program.

[0015] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the method.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects: This invention achieves the following beneficial effects by constructing a collaborative system of "algal activity monitoring - intelligent parameter matching - solar power - mobile operation": Based on dual-indicator monitoring of ATP activity and chlorophyll fluorescence, it identifies the algal growth stage in real time and dynamically optimizes current density and treatment time, increasing algal removal efficiency to over 95% and reducing energy consumption by 40%-60%; Utilizing solar power and intelligent energy storage scheduling, it achieves continuous operation with zero carbon emissions, reducing daily operating costs by over 50%; By using flexible electrodes and pulsed power supplies to synergistically treat dormant cyanobacteria in the sediment, it inhibits the recurrence of algal blooms at the source; The introduction of a periodic fluctuation parameter adjustment mechanism effectively avoids algal adaptability, ensuring stable long-term algal removal effects. This invention provides an efficient, low-consumption, intelligent, and sustainable integrated solution for cyanobacterial bloom control. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of this application. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this application are used to explain this application and do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the method flow according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the system structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0018] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. This application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0019] It should be noted that the steps shown in the flowchart in the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions, and although a logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases the steps shown or described may be executed in a different order than that shown here.

[0020] Example 1 like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides an electrochemical algae removal method, including: This embodiment focuses on the system integration of a portable ATP activity tester and the synergistic application of a dynamic electrochemical treatment strategy based on algal ATP activity, aiming to achieve end-to-end optimization from precise algal activity identification to differentiated algae removal. The ATP activity monitoring module utilizes a Biolum handheld ATP fluorescence detector. This device is equipped with a high-sensitivity photomultiplier tube and a constant-temperature reaction chamber, with the reaction temperature controlled at 25±0.5℃. It can detect not only the ATP activity of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and algae, but also features an algae-specific detection mode, effectively eliminating interference from ATP signals from other microorganisms in the water. The detection range of this device is... mol ATP, detection sensitivity reaches The detection time for mol ATP can be adaptively adjusted within the range of 10–60 seconds: shortening to 10 seconds for rapid detection when algae concentration is high, and extending to 60 seconds for improved accuracy when algae concentration is low. To adapt to the on-site operation requirements of mobile algae removal vessels, the device integrates a fully automated sampling-pretreatment-detection system. Water samples are collected from different depths around the vessel using submersible pumps with a flow rate adjustable range of 0.5–2 L / min. Sampling depths are 0.5 m for the surface layer, 2 m for the middle layer, and 0.3 m for the bottom layer near the sediment. The collected water samples are transported to the detection unit via pipelines. The complete detection process is as follows.

[0021] First, sample pretreatment is performed. The water sample is first passed through a 200-mesh stainless steel filter to remove large suspended particles, then enters a 0.45μm polyethersulfone membrane filter unit to precisely trap algal cells and prevent ATP loss due to cell rupture. After filtration, 50μL of a dedicated algal cell lysis buffer containing 0.1% Triton X-100 and 0.05mol / L Tris-HCl buffer (pH=7.8) is sprayed onto the filter membrane surface. This buffer disrupts the algal cell membrane through chemical osmosis, allowing intracellular ATP to be fully released into the lysis buffer. Finally, the lysis buffer is transferred to a reaction tube, and 10μL of an ATPase inhibitor, adenosine-5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) sodium salt, is added to prevent ATP degradation and ensure accurate detection.

[0022] Then, ATP detection and data processing were performed. 50 μL of luciferin-luciferase reagent was added to the pretreated reaction tube, with a luciferin concentration of 0.1 mmol / L and a luciferase activity of 50 U / mL. This reagent undergoes a specific bioluminescent reaction with ATP, the reaction being: ATP + luciferin + O2 → oxidized luciferin + ADP + phosphate + fluorescence. The luminescence intensity is linearly positively correlated with the ATP concentration. The device converts the fluorescence signal into an electrical signal via a photomultiplier tube. After calibration by the built-in data processing module, the ATP concentration value in the water sample is obtained. Simultaneously, by adding adenosine kinase and pyruvate kinase for enzymatic reactions, ADP and AMP in the water sample are converted into ATP, realizing the detection of total adenosine (ATP + ADP + AMP) concentration. Finally, the algal activity index AI = ATP / (ATP + ADP + AMP) is calculated. The AI ​​value ranges from 0 to 1, with a higher value indicating stronger algal metabolic activity. The detection data is transmitted to the intelligent control system in real time via the LoRa wireless communication module, with a communication distance of ≥3km and a transmission delay of ≤2 seconds; at the same time, the detection data of the past 30 days is stored locally for subsequent traceability and analysis.

[0023] Next, a dynamic parameter adjustment strategy was implemented. The intelligent control system dynamically optimized the electrochemical treatment parameters based on the correlation between AI values ​​and algal growth stages. Extensive experimental verification showed that the correlation between algal growth stages and ATP concentration and AI values ​​is as follows: ATP > 0.05 for algae in the logarithmic growth phase. When the algal cell density is high (mol / cell) and the algal affinity is >0.6, the algal cells are metabolically active and have high cell membrane permeability. Treatment with a high current density (8–10 mA / cm²) for a short time (10–15 minutes) can rapidly destroy the cell membrane through hydroxyl radical (·OH) oxidation, achieving highly efficient inactivation. Algae in the stationary phase… With a concentration of mol / cell and an AI of 0.3–0.6, the cells were in a stable physiological state. Treatment was conducted at a moderate current density (5–8 mA / cm²) for a moderate duration (20–30 minutes), while simultaneously using an aeration device (0.2–0.3 L / min) to enhance the efficiency of the electro-Fenton reaction and strengthen reactive oxygen species generation, balancing algae removal efficiency with energy consumption control. During the algal decline phase, ATP levels in the algae were < When the algal concentration is low (mol / cell) and algal algae (AI) < 0.3, cell metabolism is slow, and the primary component is cellular debris. A low current density (2–5 mA / cm²) and long treatment time (30–60 minutes) are used to remove algal debris mainly through electrocoagulation, specifically by adsorbing hydroxide flocs generated from the hydrolysis of metal ions. The specific parameter adjustment logic is as follows: when AI > 0.6, the current density is set to 5–10 mA / cm², increasing linearly with the AI ​​value, with the fitting formula I = 1.2 × AI + 2.5 and a correlation coefficient R² = 0.92; when 0.3 ≤ AI ≤ 0.6, the current density is set to 3–5 mA / cm²; when AI < 0.3, the current density is set to 1–3 mA / cm².

[0024] Finally, the implementation effect was verified. In a field application at a eutrophic lake, the integrated detection and dynamic treatment strategy of this embodiment was used for algae removal experiments. The results showed that for *Microcystis aeruginosa* in the logarithmic growth phase (AI=0.82), the algae removal efficiency reached 96.3% after 15 minutes of treatment, with a unit energy consumption of only 2.1 kWh / m³; for algae in the stationary phase (AI=0.45), the algae removal efficiency reached 94.7% after 25 minutes of treatment, with a unit energy consumption of 1.8 kWh / m³; and for algae in the decay phase (AI=0.28), the algae removal efficiency reached 92.1% after 40 minutes of treatment, with a unit energy consumption of 1.6 kWh / m³. Compared with traditional fixed-parameter treatment (current density 5 mA / cm², treatment time 30 minutes), this strategy reduced the average energy consumption by 35%, increased the average algae removal efficiency by 15%, and effectively avoided energy waste and water disturbance caused by overtreatment. Furthermore, this strategy is adaptable to water environments with different algae densities; when the algae density in the water is... Even when the number of cells / L varies, the system can still dynamically adjust parameters through the AI ​​value to maintain a stable algae removal effect, thus verifying its environmental adaptability and reliability.

[0025] This embodiment innovatively integrates the AquaPen handheld algal chlorophyll fluorescence meter and the WATER-PAM-II multispectral algal chlorophyll fluorescence meter, constructing a multi-dimensional chlorophyll fluorescence monitoring system. It is paired with a fully automated integrated system for sample introduction, pretreatment, detection, and cleaning to achieve continuous and accurate monitoring of algal photosynthetic activity and species-specific identification in water, thus providing core data support for the personalized optimization of electrochemical algae removal parameters. The AquaPen fluorescence meter is equipped with a 4ml constant-temperature measurement chamber with a temperature control accuracy of ±0.1℃, and can simultaneously measure chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and 680 / 720nm optical density, suitable for rapid detection of routine photosynthetic activity. The WATER-PAM-II fluorescence meter has multi-band excitation light sources at 450nm, 520nm, 630nm, and 660nm, enabling the identification of dominant algal species based on differences in fluorescence excitation spectra among different algal species. Both instruments achieve synchronous data transmission and collaborative operation via an RS485 bus, with the detection cycle adaptively adjusted according to algal concentration within 5–30 seconds.

[0026] In terms of multi-dimensional fluorescence parameter detection and in-depth analysis, the system employs a dual-instrument collaborative detection mode to simultaneously acquire basic fluorescence parameters and specific fluorescence spectral data. Regarding basic parameters, the system focuses on detecting key indicators such as Fv / Fm (maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II), Fv' / Fm' (actual photochemical efficiency under photoadaptation), and NPQ (non-photochemical quenching coefficient). Fv / Fm reflects the potential maximum activity of the algal photosynthetic system; the Fv / Fm value of normal healthy algae is stable between 0.80 and 0.85. This value decreases significantly under electrochemical oxidative stress, and a value below 0.6 indicates severe damage to the photosynthetic system. NPQ reflects the algae's photoprotective capacity; an increased value indicates that the algae are under stress. For spectral data, fluorescence emission intensity at different excitation wavelengths is obtained using WATER-PAM-II to construct an algal fluorescence spectral feature library, providing a basis for algal species identification. To ensure detection accuracy, the system incorporates an interference correction module that automatically removes fluorescence interference from suspended particulate matter and colored soluble organic matter (CDOM) in the water, achieving a detection limit of up to [missing information]. It improves the detection accuracy by more than 40% compared to a single fluorescence instrument.

[0027] Regarding the assessment of photosynthetic activity and algal species identification mechanisms, a two-dimensional assessment system was constructed based on dual-instrument detection data. First, the photosynthetic activity index was calculated. The system quantifies the photosynthetic capacity of algae under actual light conditions. A PAI > 0.7 indicates vigorous photosynthetic activity and the algae are in the logarithmic growth phase; 0.5 ≤ PAI ≤ 0.7 indicates mild stress on the photosynthetic system and a stable phase; and PAI < 0.5 indicates severe damage to the photosynthetic system, with the algae nearing death or in decline. Secondly, based on multispectral fluorescence data, a support vector machine (SVM) algorithm is used to identify dominant algal species, achieving accurate classification by utilizing the differences in characteristic fluorescence peaks of different species: cyanobacteria exhibit a characteristic fluorescence emission peak at 630 nm excitation wavelength (emission wavelength 685 nm), green algae show significantly higher fluorescence intensity at 660 nm excitation than other bands, and diatoms / dinoflagellates show specific fluorescence responses at dual-band excitation at 450 nm and 520 nm. The system's identification accuracy can reach over 92%, effectively distinguishing common bloom algal species such as *Microcystis aeruginosa*, *Anabaena*, *Chlorella*, and *Nyctaginea*.

[0028] Regarding personalized electrochemical algae removal parameter optimization strategies, the intelligent control system constructs a bivariate parameter adjustment model based on the photosynthetic activity index (PAI) and dominant algae species identification results to achieve personalized matching of electrochemical algae removal parameters. The specific strategies are as follows.

[0029] General activity adaptation adjustment: When PAI > 0.7 (vigorous photosynthetic activity), the standard treatment mode is adopted, with a current density of 5 mA / cm² and a treatment time of 20 minutes, to balance algae removal efficiency and energy consumption; when PAI = 0.5 to 0.7 (mild stress), the enhanced treatment mode is adopted, with the current density increased to 8 mA / cm² and the treatment time extended to 30 minutes, while the aeration device is turned on simultaneously (aeration rate of 0.2 to 0.3 L / min) to enhance the electro-Fenton reaction; when PAI < 0.5 (severely damaged), the maintenance treatment mode is adopted, with the current density reduced to 3 mA / cm² and the treatment time of 15 minutes, to avoid excessive oxidation leading to the release of algal toxins.

[0030] Algal Species Specific Optimization: Based on the differences in electrochemical sensitivity among different algal species, parameters were fine-tuned according to the general model. For cyanobacteria (such as *Microcystis aeruginosa*), which are highly sensitive to electrochemical oxidation, the current density was maintained at 6–8 mA / cm², while the pH of the water was adjusted to 6.0–6.5 to enhance the generation efficiency of hydroxyl radicals. For green algae (such as *Chlorella vulgaris*), whose cell membranes are more stable, the current density needed to be controlled at 4–6 mA / cm², and the pH adjusted to 7.0–7.5 to balance oxidation intensity and treatment cost. For diatoms / dinoflagellates (such as *Nyctaginosa*), which have the strongest tolerance to oxidative stress, the current density was set to... The pH was adjusted to 7.5–8.0, and the treatment time was extended by 5–10 minutes to ensure effective algae removal. Experimental data showed that for water bodies dominated by Microcystis aeruginosa, treatment with cyanobacteria-specific parameters achieved an algae removal efficiency of 95.8%, an improvement of 8.3% compared to general parameters; for water bodies dominated by Chlorella, treatment with green algae-specific parameters reduced unit energy consumption by 22%.

[0031] Dynamic feedback adjustment: The system completes fluorescence parameter detection and algae species verification every 5 minutes. If the PAI value rises by more than 0.1 twice in a row or the dominant algae species changes, the parameters will be automatically re-optimized to ensure the stability and adaptability of the algae removal effect and effectively avoid the problem of algae treatment failure caused by environmental changes.

[0032] This embodiment designs and integrates a dual-mode green electricity system—"solar-only drive" and "wind-solar hybrid drive"—to achieve stable power supply and optimized energy consumption for the electrochemical algae removal vessel under all operating conditions, considering different sunlight and wind resource scenarios. The core design concept of the system is "resource adaptation + intelligent scheduling + high-efficiency energy storage." Through modular integration and adaptive control strategies, it ensures efficient utilization of renewable energy in various scenarios, including sunny areas in southern my country, windy areas in the north, and remote lake areas, guaranteeing the continuous and stable operation of the electrochemical algae removal process. The solar drive module uses high-efficiency monocrystalline PERC solar panels, while the wind-solar hybrid module adds a small vertical-axis wind turbine to the solar power system. Combined with a high-precision energy management system and a large-capacity energy storage unit, this constructs an all-weather green electricity supply system.

[0033] First, the core configuration of the multi-mode green electric drive system will be explained.

[0034] The solar-powered single-drive mode is suitable for scenarios with ample sunlight. Its core component is a high-efficiency monocrystalline PERC solar panel, which employs passivated emitters and back-contact technology, achieving a conversion efficiency of 22.3%, 4-6 percentage points higher than conventional polycrystalline silicon modules. It also maintains excellent photoelectric conversion performance under low-light conditions. Each module is 450W, with a total of 20 modules configured, for a total installed power of 9kW. The output voltage is 48V DC, directly matching the power supply requirements of the electrochemical algae removal reactor. To maximize light capture efficiency, the solar panel array is equipped with a dual-axis tracking system, using high-precision GPS positioning and a light sensor for coordinated control. It can track the solar azimuth angle (adjustable range 0-360°) and altitude angle (adjustable range 0-90°) in real time, with a tracking accuracy error ≤0.5°, improving light utilization by more than 30% compared to fixed installation methods. The photovoltaic controller is an MPPT (maximum power point tracking) type, with a conversion efficiency of 98%, capable of tracking the maximum power output point of the solar panels in real time, reducing energy loss due to changes in light intensity. The energy storage unit is equipped with a lithium iron phosphate battery pack with specifications of 48V / 100Ah and an energy storage capacity of 4.8kWh. It has multiple safety mechanisms such as charge and discharge protection and temperature protection, and a cycle life of ≥3000 cycles, which can meet the continuous operation needs of cloudy days or short periods of night.

[0035] The wind-solar hybrid drive mode is suitable for scenarios with insufficient sunlight or high winds. Based on a single solar drive module, a 3kW vertical axis wind turbine is added. This turbine uses a permanent magnet synchronous motor, with a cut-in wind speed of only 3m / s, a rated wind speed of 12m / s, and a maximum wind resistance rating of level 15, making it suitable for windy environments in open waters such as lakes and reservoirs. The wind turbine outputs 24-48V DC and works in conjunction with the solar system through a wind-solar hybrid controller to achieve unified energy scheduling and distribution. The energy storage system is upgraded to a 48V / 200Ah lithium iron phosphate battery pack, increasing the energy storage capacity to 9.6kWh. It is also equipped with a 10kW high-frequency pure sine wave inverter with a conversion efficiency of 96%, ensuring continuous operation for more than 24 hours under extreme weather conditions. Furthermore, the system integrates dual-parameter sensors for wind speed and sunlight intensity to collect environmental energy data in real time, providing a basis for intelligent switching of the drive mode.

[0036] Secondly, the paper elaborates on the multi-scenario adaptable "flow-current-energy" collaborative control strategy. Based on the MIT improved flow command current control strategy, and combined with green electricity supply capacity and algal pollution load, the system constructs a three-in-one adaptive control system integrating "energy-load-effect". Through real-time monitoring of solar power generation, wind power generation, and remaining energy storage capacity by the energy management system, and simultaneously linking algal activity monitoring data (ATP activity index, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters), the system dynamically adjusts the processing flow rate and current density of the electrochemical algae removal reactor, thereby achieving an optimal balance between energy utilization efficiency and algae removal effect. The specific control logic is as follows.

[0037] Under conditions of sufficient green electricity, i.e., solar power generation ≥ 80% of rated power, or total wind and solar power ≥ 80% of system demand, the system will prioritize full-load operation. Processing flow will be increased to... The current density is set to At the same time, turn on the aeration device (aeration capacity) This enhances the electro-Fenton reaction and maximizes algae removal efficiency. Excess electrical energy is preferentially stored in the energy storage battery pack until the storage capacity reaches 90%, at which point it is safely released through an unloading device to avoid overcharging and damaging the battery.

[0038] Under green electricity operating conditions, i.e., when solar power generation is 50%–80% of rated power, or when the combined wind and solar power output is 50%–80% of system demand, the system adopts an economical operation mode. The flow rate regulation is... The current density is set to The aeration intensity was adjusted to The energy management system balances power generation and load in real time. When power generation fluctuates, it provides temporary energy replenishment through the energy storage battery pack to ensure parameter stability and avoid fluctuations in algae removal efficiency.

[0039] When green electricity is insufficient, i.e., solar power generation is less than 50% of rated power, or the total wind and solar power is less than 50% of system demand, the system activates energy-saving operation mode. The processing flow rate is reduced to... The current density is set to Priority will be given to ensuring the operation of core monitoring equipment and control systems. If the remaining energy storage capacity is less than 30%, the "priority handling of key areas" logic will be automatically triggered, focusing on operations in areas with high algae density, and resuming full-scale operations after the green electricity supply is restored.

[0040] In extreme green energy-free conditions, such as consecutive cloudy or windless days with less than 20% of the energy storage capacity remaining, the system activates emergency backup mode. At this time, only core functions such as algae activity monitoring and positioning navigation are retained, and the electrochemical reactor operates intermittently (15 minutes per hour) to maintain the minimum algae removal requirements. Simultaneously, a power replenishment warning is sent to the remote control center via the wireless communication module, prompting maintenance personnel to replenish emergency power in a timely manner.

[0041] Next, the intelligent energy management and safety assurance system will be introduced. The system integrates a PLC-based intelligent energy management system, whose core functions include energy monitoring, dynamic scheduling, safety protection, and data traceability. Through multi-parameter sensors such as voltage, current, and power, it collects real-time operating data from solar panels, wind turbines, energy storage batteries, and loads, employing a fuzzy PID algorithm to achieve optimal energy allocation. Simultaneously, the system possesses comprehensive safety protection mechanisms, including overcharge protection, over-discharge protection, short-circuit protection, leakage protection, and lightning protection, ensuring safe operation of the equipment in complex aquatic environments. Furthermore, the system has a built-in data storage module that records nearly one year's worth of energy income and expenditure, equipment operating parameters, and algae removal effectiveness data, which is then uploaded to a remote control center via a 4G / 5G wireless communication module, facilitating remote monitoring and maintenance decision-making by operations and maintenance personnel.

[0042] The actual operational performance under different scenarios is verified as follows. In southern regions with abundant sunshine (annual average sunshine hours of 1800-2200 hours), using a single solar-powered system, the annual renewable energy utilization rate reaches over 92%, with an average daily power generation of 45-50 kWh, which can meet the full-load operation requirements of the algae removal vessel. The energy consumption per unit volume of treated water is only [amount missing]. In northern regions with frequent winds and little sunlight (average annual wind speed...) With an average annual sunshine duration of 1200-1500 hours, the wind-solar hybrid power system achieves an annual renewable energy utilization rate of over 85%, and can operate continuously and stably for 72 hours under extreme weather conditions. Compared with traditional diesel-powered systems, it reduces carbon emissions by over 90% and lowers annual operating costs by 65%. In small reservoirs in remote mountainous areas (without grid coverage), the wind-solar hybrid system with increased capacity energy storage can achieve unattended continuous operation for 30 days, with algae removal efficiency remaining stable at over 95%, effectively solving the power supply problem for algae removal equipment in remote waters.

[0043] Addressing the challenge of traditional technologies failing to reach dormant cyanobacteria in sediments, leading to recurring algal blooms, this embodiment integrates sediment interface electrochemical oxidation technology with in-situ sediment resuspension technology to construct a three-pronged synergistic algae removal system of "resuspension-oxidation-stabilization." This system achieves efficient inactivation of dormant or overwintering cyanobacteria while simultaneously improving the sediment environment. The system breaks down the dense structure of the sediment surface through mechanical resuspension, combined with precise electrochemical oxidation to inactivate dormant algae, ultimately stabilizing the physicochemical properties of the sediment and inhibiting cyanobacterial resurgence at its source. It is suitable for the treatment of cyanobacteria in eutrophic water bodies such as lakes and reservoirs.

[0044] First, the core equipment configuration of the collaborative algae removal system will be explained. The system adopts a modular integrated design, integrating four major functional modules: sediment disturbance, electrochemical oxidation, active oxygen enhancement, and real-time monitoring. The parameters of each core device are as follows.

[0045] The sediment resuspension module uses a high-power jet pump with a power of 1.5–3 kW and a flow rate of 20–50 m³ / h, paired with a liftable nozzle assembly. The nozzle can be adjusted to penetrate 0–50 cm into the bottom of the water body, creating localized water flow disturbance through high-pressure jets to evenly resuspension the top 10–20 cm of sediment. This allows dormant cyanobacteria cells to be fully dispersed into the water, improving the contact efficiency of subsequent electrochemical treatment. The jet pump is made of corrosion-resistant stainless steel, suitable for different bottom sediment environments such as silt and sandy sediments, and features intelligent start-stop control, automatically adjusting its operating power according to the sediment thickness.

[0046] The electrochemical oxidation module is equipped with a flexible titanium-based iridium-ruthenium coated electrode array with an electrode thickness of 0.5 mm and an effective conductive area of ​​[missing information]. It can adaptively conform to the bottom sediment topography and be inserted 10-20cm into the bottom sediment surface. It is equipped with a high-frequency pulse power supply, whose output voltage is continuously adjustable in the range of 0-50V, the pulse frequency is 1-100Hz, and the duty cycle can be precisely controlled in the range of 10%-90%. It can dynamically adjust the pulse parameters according to the redox potential of the bottom sediment to avoid electrode passivation.

[0047] The active oxygen enhancement module integrates a high-efficiency active oxygen generator, which can simultaneously produce O3 (yield 0.5-2 g / h), H2O2 (concentration 50-200 mg / L) and ·OH (concentration ≥10 μmol / L). The active oxygen is then directionally delivered to the sediment-water interface and resuspension zone through a high-pressure resistant conduit to enhance the oxidative inactivation effect on dormant cyanobacteria cells, while simultaneously degrading algal toxins and reducing pollutants released from the sediment.

[0048] The real-time monitoring module is equipped with a sediment oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) sensor (measurement range -500 to +500mV, accuracy ±5mV), a dissolved oxygen (DO) sensor (measurement range 0 to 20mg / L), a sediment thickness sensor, and an algal cell counter. It collects sediment physicochemical parameters and dormant algal cell concentration data in real time, with a data transmission delay of ≤3 seconds, providing closed-loop feedback for adjusting equipment operating parameters.

[0049] Secondly, the core technology principles and synergistic mechanisms are explained. This system achieves efficient control of dormant cyanobacteria through the synergistic effect of "mechanical disturbance - electrochemical oxidation - reactive oxygen enhancement".

[0050] The pretreatment function of sediment resuspension is as follows: the high-pressure water flow generated by the jet pump breaks the anaerobic microenvironment on the surface of the sediment, causing the deposited dormant cyanobacterial cells (such as Microcystis spores) to detach from the sediment particles and disperse into the water. Simultaneously, it promotes the partial release of nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen adsorbed in the sediment. The resuspension process also increases the mass transfer efficiency at the sediment-water interface, providing a wider reaction contact area for the active substances generated by subsequent electrochemical oxidation, and preventing reactive oxygen species from being blocked by the dense structure of the sediment surface.

[0051] The synergistic inactivation effect of electrochemical oxidation and reactive oxygen species lies in the following: After the flexible electrode array is inserted into the sediment, an electrochemical reaction occurs under the action of a pulsed power supply. The anode produces strong oxidizing substances such as ·OH and ClO⁻, while the cathode undergoes a reduction reaction to generate H₂O₂. Simultaneously, the reactive oxygen species generator directionally delivers O₃, which further reacts with the electrochemically generated H₂O₂ to generate more ·OH. These active substances work synergistically to destroy the cell walls and cell membranes of dormant cyanobacteria, degrading intracellular proteins, nucleic acids, and other biomolecules, thus rendering the dormant organisms unable to revive. Experiments have verified that under conditions of a current density of 20 mA / cm², a pulse frequency of 50 Hz, and an aeration rate of 0.3 L / min, the inactivation rate of dormant cyanobacteria in the sediment can reach over 92% within 30 minutes; if only electrochemical oxidation is used, the inactivation rate is only about 75%, demonstrating the significant advantage of the synergistic effect.

[0052] The synchronous stabilizing effect of the sediment environment lies in: during the electrochemical oxidation process, the anode produces... , Metal ions (if an iron or aluminum-based auxiliary electrode is used) will hydrolyze to form hydroxide flocs, which adsorb phosphorus and suspended particulate matter released from the sediment, thereby reducing the concentration of bioavailable phosphorus in the water. At the same time, the oxidation reaction increases the redox potential of the sediment, inhibits the release of pollutants such as reducing sulfides and methane from the sediment, improves the anaerobic environment of the sediment, and fundamentally destroys the survival conditions of dormant cyanobacteria.

[0053] Next, a seasonal synergistic treatment strategy was developed. Based on the growth cycle of dormant cyanobacteria and changes in the aquatic environment, targeted seasonal treatment plans were formulated to ensure continuous algae control throughout the year.

[0054] Preventative co-treatment should be carried out in spring (March to May). This period is crucial for controlling cyanobacteria as dormant bodies are about to revive. Co-treatment should be conducted 1-2 times per month, with each treatment lasting 40 minutes. A "low-intensity resuspension + medium-intensity oxidation" mode should be used, with the jet pump power adjusted to 1.5kW to avoid excessive disturbance of the sediment; the current density should be set to... The active oxygen generator produces 0.8 g / h of O3, primarily inactivating dormant organisms poised to reactivate, while simultaneously reducing the risk of phosphorus release from the sediment. Post-treatment sediment ORP ≥ -50 mV effectively inhibits reactivation.

[0055] Surface-sediment co-treatment is carried out during the summer (June to August). Blue-green algae are active in the surface water during summer, and some dormant algae in the sediment may be disturbed and float to the surface. A "surface electrochemical treatment + regular sediment maintenance" model is adopted. Surface treatment is carried out according to conventional algae removal parameters, and sediment co-treatment is conducted every two months. The jet pump power is 2kW, and the current density is 12mA / cm². The focus is on treating dormant algae that float to the surface due to water disturbance, preventing their proliferation in the surface water.

[0056] Pre-treatment suppression is carried out in autumn (September to November). As cyanobacteria begin to settle and enter dormancy in autumn, intensive treatment is necessary before settling. Co-treatment is conducted twice a month using a 2.5kW jet pump to enhance surface disturbance of the sediment, ensuring sufficient contact and oxidation between active cyanobacteria and dormant algae; the current density is... The active oxygen generator produces 1.2 g / h of O3, and the treatment time is extended to 50 minutes. It is also used in conjunction with an algae collection device to reduce the amount of blue-green algae settling.

[0057] Deep inactivation treatment is carried out during winter (December to February). During winter, the sediment is in an anaerobic state, and dormant sediments are concentrated. Deep co-treatment is conducted every 2-3 months, using a 3kW jet pump to fully disturb the top 20cm of sediment; the current density is increased to... The active oxygen generator operates at full capacity (O3 production 2g / h) for 60 minutes, focusing on inactivating dormant algae in the deep sediment layers. After treatment, the sediment ORP can be increased to over +100mV, and the total phosphorus content can be reduced by more than 45%, laying the foundation for algae control in the following spring.

[0058] Finally, an effectiveness evaluation and engineering verification were conducted. A one-year engineering verification was carried out in a eutrophic reservoir, selecting an area of ​​[area missing]. In the experimental area with an average water depth of 3m, the initial density of dormant cyanobacteria in the bottom sediment was: The effects of this synergistic treatment system in different seasons are as follows: During the spring recovery period, the density of cyanobacteria in the experimental area decreased by 68% compared to the control area, the number of revivable dormant algae in the sediment decreased by 72%, and no large-scale algal blooms occurred; after deep treatment in winter, the total phosphorus content in the sediment decreased from the initial 1.8 g / kg to 1.0 g / kg, the redox potential increased from -200 mV to +120 mV, and the anaerobic environment was significantly improved; the overall effect throughout the year showed that the number of cyanobacterial blooms in the experimental area decreased by 80% compared to the control area, the water transparency increased from 0.8 m to 1.5 m, the dissolved oxygen content increased by 30%, and the density of dormant cyanobacteria in the sediment remained stable throughout the year. The treatment effect is stable and long-lasting. Compared with single electrochemical treatment of sediment, this synergistic system increases the inactivation rate of dormant cyanobacteria by 17% to 22%, increases the inhibition rate of phosphorus release from sediment by 35%, and reduces annual operating energy consumption by 18%, demonstrating the technical advantages and economic feasibility of the "disturbance-oxidation-stabilization" synergistic model.

[0059] In the long-term electrochemical algae removal process using fixed parameters, cyanobacteria blooms adapt to the treatment environment by adjusting cell surface charge, enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzyme systems, and forming aggregated membranes, gradually developing an "antibiotic resistance"-like adaptability. This leads to a continuous decline in algae removal efficiency over time. This is a key bottleneck restricting the long-term stable application of traditional electrochemical algae removal technology. This embodiment innovatively proposes a machine learning-based dynamic adjustment strategy for electrochemical parameters. By constructing a multi-parameter synergistic fluctuation treatment mode, it breaks the conditions for algal adaptation, thereby achieving long-term, high-efficiency algae removal. Its core design idea is: using algal activity monitoring data as feedback, dynamically adjusting core electrochemical parameters keeps the treatment environment in a dynamic state that algae cannot adapt to. At the same time, machine learning algorithms continuously optimize parameter combinations to balance algae removal efficiency, energy consumption, and anti-adaptation effects.

[0060] First, a dynamic adjustment formula is constructed and each parameter is analyzed. The core formula for dynamic adjustment of electrochemical parameters proposed in this embodiment uses current density as the control core, integrating key influencing factors such as algal density and ambient temperature to achieve precise dynamic adaptation of the parameters. The specific formula is as follows: ; The design of this formula follows a three-dimensional control logic of "basic guarantee + dynamic fluctuation + environmental adaptation". Where I(t) is the real-time current density (…). As a core regulatory parameter, I0 directly determines the electrochemical oxidation intensity and reactive oxygen species generation rate, and its dynamic changes are the core driving force for algal adaptation. I0 is the basic current density (…). Based on extensive preliminary experiments, this value represents the minimum effective inactivation current density for most common cyanobacteria blooms (such as Microcystis aeruginosa and Anabaena aquaticus), ensuring that basic algae removal effects are maintained even during periods of low fluctuation, and preventing treatment failure due to parameter fluctuations. A represents the adjustment range (…). ), determined in conjunction with the algal activity tolerance threshold; the upper limit of the adjustment range ( It will not lead to the risk of algal toxin release due to excessive oxidation, lower limit ( The basic adsorption of electrocoagulation can still be maintained, thus achieving "effective fluctuation and safe controllability". f is the adjustment frequency (0.001 Hz), corresponding to a period of approximately 16.7 minutes. This frequency is optimized based on the stress response cycle of algal cells. Experimental verification shows that when the parameter fluctuation period is shorter than the algal stress adaptation period (approximately 20 minutes), algae cannot complete adaptive regulation, effectively breaking the "drug resistance" formation process. If the period is too long (more than 30 minutes), algae still have enough time to adapt to the phased stable parameters. φ is the initial phase (random value), used to avoid synchronization of parameter fluctuations in multiple parallel reactors or the same reactor in different operating cycles, preventing algae in local water bodies from gradually adapting due to encountering consistent parameter change patterns, thereby further improving the anti-adaptation effect. B is the concentration influence coefficient (0.5), obtained by linearly fitting the correlation between algal density changes and current density requirements. When algal density increases sharply (ΔC is positive), the real-time current density is moderately increased using this coefficient to enhance treatment intensity to match the pollution load. When algal density decreases (ΔC is negative), the current density is simultaneously reduced to save energy. C is the temperature influence coefficient (0.1), considering the influence of water temperature on the electrochemical reaction rate (the electrochemical reaction rate increases by 1.5 to 2 times for every 10°C increase in temperature). The current density is dynamically corrected using this coefficient: when water temperature increases (ΔT is positive), the current density is moderately reduced to avoid over-oxidation; when water temperature decreases (ΔT is negative), the current density is slightly increased to compensate for the decrease in reaction rate, thereby ensuring stable treatment effects under different water temperature environments. ΔC is the algal density change rate, defined as the difference between the algal density in the current monitoring period and the density in the previous period divided by the density in the previous period. It is obtained in real time through the algal activity monitoring system, reflecting the growth or decline trend of algae in the water. ΔT is the rate of temperature change, defined as the difference between the current water temperature and the water temperature in the previous monitoring period. It is collected in real time by water quality monitoring sensors and is adapted to the diurnal fluctuations and seasonal changes in the water temperature of natural water bodies.

[0061] Secondly, the multi-parameter synergistic adjustment mechanism and its implementation path are explained. While dynamic adjustment of a single current density can mitigate algal adaptation to some extent, its effect is limited. This embodiment adopts a multi-parameter control mode of "core parameter dominance + auxiliary parameter synergy." In addition to the core current density, the electrode spacing, treatment time, and aeration intensity are dynamically adjusted simultaneously. The synergistic effect between parameters enhances the anti-adaptation effect while optimizing the balance between energy consumption and algae removal efficiency. The adjustment logic and implementation path of each auxiliary parameter are as follows.

[0062] The electrode spacing adopts a periodic, stepped variation within the range of 1–3 cm, with the variation period maintaining a 2:1 synchronous relationship with the current density fluctuation period. That is, the electrode spacing is adjusted once every two current density fluctuation cycles. Specifically, when the current density is at its peak, the electrode spacing is adjusted to the minimum value of 1 cm to enhance the electric field strength and improve the reactive oxygen species generation efficiency. When the current density is at its trough, the electrode spacing is adjusted to the maximum value of 3 cm to reduce energy consumption and avoid uneven electric field distribution caused by low current density and small spacing. The electrode spacing adjustment is achieved through a built-in electric adjustment mechanism in the reactor, with an adjustment accuracy of up to 0.1 cm, ensuring precise parameter changes.

[0063] The treatment time is dynamically adjusted based on real-time monitoring of reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration. An online ROS sensor (with a detection accuracy of 0.1 μmol / L) collects the total concentration of ROS, including ·OH and H₂O₂, in the reactor in real time. When the ROS concentration is below the threshold (5 μmol / L), the treatment time is automatically extended by 5–10 minutes; when the ROS concentration is above the threshold (15 μmol / L), the treatment time is shortened by 3–5 minutes. The adjustment of the treatment time is achieved by coordinating the influent flow rate and the angle of the baffles within the reactor, ensuring that the residence time of algae in the reactor precisely matches the amount of ROS generated. This avoids incomplete algae removal due to insufficient treatment time, or energy waste and the release of algal toxins due to excessive treatment time.

[0064] Aeration intensity is adjusted in conjunction with dissolved oxygen levels and electro-Fenton reaction efficiency. Dissolved oxygen concentration in the reactor is monitored in real-time using a dissolved oxygen sensor, with a target range of 5–8 mg / L. When the dissolved oxygen concentration is below 5 mg / L, the aeration intensity is increased to 0.3–0.5 L / min to increase the oxygen supply to the cathode, promote H₂O₂ generation, and enhance the electro-Fenton reaction. When the dissolved oxygen concentration is above 8 mg / L, the aeration intensity is reduced to 0.1–0.2 L / min to avoid excessive water disturbance caused by over-aeration and reduce the risk of algal cell rupture and toxin release. Simultaneously, the adjustment of aeration intensity is coordinated with current density fluctuations: aeration intensity is increased synchronously during peak current density to further enhance active oxygen generation efficiency; and aeration intensity is reduced during trough current density to conserve aeration energy.

[0065] Next, the machine learning optimization system and effect verification are introduced. To achieve continuous optimization of the parameter adjustment strategy, this embodiment integrates a BP neural network prediction model and a reinforcement learning optimization algorithm to construct a closed-loop machine learning system of "prediction-optimization-verification-feedback" to ensure that the dynamic adjustment strategy is always in the optimal state.

[0066] The core function of the BP neural network prediction model is to predict algae removal efficiency and adaptive risk based on input parameters. The model's input parameters include: real-time algae activity indicators (ATP activity index, chlorophyll fluorescence parameter Fv / Fm), algae density, water temperature, and the current combination of electrochemical parameters (current density, electrode spacing, treatment time, aeration intensity). The model's output parameters are the predicted algae removal efficiency and the adaptive risk level (low, medium, high). The model was trained using a dataset constructed from laboratory simulation data and field pilot data, obtaining 1000 sets of valid data. The network weights were optimized using gradient descent. After training, the model achieved a prediction accuracy of over 92%, accurately predicting the algae removal effect and algae adaptive risk under different parameter combinations.

[0067] The reinforcement learning optimization algorithm uses "algae removal efficiency ≥90%, energy consumption ≤2.0 kWh / m³, and adaptive risk level ≤low" as comprehensive optimization objectives. It uses the prediction results of the BP neural network as the reward signal and iteratively adjusts key parameters such as A (adjustment amplitude), f (adjustment frequency), B (concentration influence coefficient), and C (temperature influence coefficient) in the parameter adjustment formula to optimize parameter fluctuation patterns and collaborative logic. The reinforcement learning training process consists of two stages: offline training and online optimization. The offline training stage completes preliminary parameter optimization based on historical datasets. In the online optimization stage, the system automatically collects daily operational data every 24 hours (20 sets / day) and fine-tunes the model parameters to ensure the strategy can adapt to the dynamic changes in algae species, density, and activity in actual water bodies.

[0068] To verify the effectiveness of the dynamic adjustment strategy, a 60-day long-term simulation experiment was conducted, comparing the algae removal efficiency and energy consumption changes between the dynamic adjustment strategy and the traditional fixed-parameter strategy (current density 5 mA / cm², electrode spacing 2 cm, treatment time 30 minutes, aeration intensity 0.2 L / min). The experimental results showed that the algae removal efficiency of the traditional fixed-parameter strategy began to decline continuously after the 15th day of operation, dropping from an initial 92% to 68% on the 60th day, indicating significant algae adaptation. In contrast, the dynamic adjustment strategy in this embodiment maintained a stable algae removal efficiency between 90% and 95% throughout the 60-day operation period, without showing a significant downward trend, successfully avoiding the formation of algae resistance. Regarding energy consumption, the average unit energy consumption of the dynamic adjustment strategy was 1.8 kWh / m³, a 28% reduction compared to the traditional fixed-parameter strategy (2.5 kWh / m³). Furthermore, analysis of the physiological characteristics of the treated algae revealed that the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase) in the algal cells of the dynamic parameter treatment group was 35%–45% lower than that of the fixed parameter treatment group. This indicates that the fluctuation of dynamic parameters effectively inhibited the stress adaptation mechanism of algae, further verifying the effectiveness of this strategy.

[0069] On the other hand, this embodiment also provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computing program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the method when executing the computing program.

[0070] On the other hand, this embodiment also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the method.

[0071] Example 2 like Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment provides an electrochemical algae removal system, including: The system includes a solar panel array. This array employs high-efficiency photoelectric conversion components to stably convert solar energy into electrical energy adapted to the characteristics of the electrochemical algae removal load. It also features light tracking adaptation, dynamically adjusting the receiving angle according to the sun's position to improve light energy utilization.

[0072] The system also includes an electrochemical algae removal reactor. The core of this reactor is a grid structure formed by alternating anode and cathode plates, with dynamically adjustable grid spacing. Highly active oxidizing substances are generated through electro-oxidation and electro-Fenton reactions on the electrode surfaces to inactivate algae, while also serving as an auxiliary function for adsorbing algal residues and toxins. Preferably, the anode plates are made of titanium-based platinum electrodes or ruthenium-titanium electrodes. These electrodes possess extremely low oxygen evolution overpotentials and excellent corrosion resistance, allowing for long-term stable operation in complex ionic environments and efficient generation of hydroxyl radicals. The cathode plates are made of activated carbon fiber / nickel foam composite electrodes or stainless steel electrodes. The activated carbon fiber / nickel foam composite electrodes have an ultra-large specific surface area, serving both as a reduction reaction site to generate H₂O₂ and adsorbing algal residues and toxins in the water. The spacing between adjacent electrode plates is designed to be adjustable within a range of 1-5 cm. This parameter range is selected to balance the intensity of the oxidation reaction and the resistance to water flow, and precise positioning is achieved through an electric adjustment mechanism. Furthermore, the electrochemical algae removal reactor also includes a ring-shaped aeration device arranged below the electrode array. This device continuously supplies air or oxygen to the cathode area via an air pump, with an aeration rate of 0.05-0.5 L / min. Its functions include increasing the dissolved oxygen content of the water to promote the generation of H2O2 on the cathode surface, enhancing the electro-Fenton reaction, and forming microbubble disturbances to prevent electrode passivation. The electrochemical algae removal reactor has a treatment flow rate of 1-100 m³ / h, a current density of 0.5-20 mA / cm², and a treatment time of 5-60 minutes. All of these parameters are dynamically adjusted by an intelligent control system: when the algae density is high and the activity is strong (logarithmic growth phase), a combination of high current density, short treatment time, and large flow rate is used; when the algae density is low and the activity is weak (decay phase), a combination of low current density, long treatment time, and small flow rate is used.

[0073] The system also includes an intelligent control system, which serves as the core control unit. Based on real-time data from the algae activity monitoring device, this system dynamically adjusts electrochemical treatment parameters (including current density, treatment time, electrode spacing, etc.) through a preset algorithm model, while simultaneously coordinating with the solar power supply system to achieve intelligent energy allocation scheduling. Specifically, the intelligent control system adopts a flow command current control strategy based on an improved MIT (Made in Taiwan) approach. Its core logic is to construct a three-dimensional linkage model of "solar power generation - algae activity index - treatment parameters." The system collects real-time power generation data from the solar panel array and monitoring data (ATP activity index, photosynthetic activity index) from the algae activity monitoring device. Through a built-in algorithm, it calculates the optimal treatment flow rate and current density, achieving dynamic real-time adjustment of treatment parameters. This ensures stable algae removal efficiency and optimal energy consumption under both energy supply fluctuations and changes in algae activity. Furthermore, the intelligent control system includes a LoRa / 4G / 5G wireless communication module, enabling long-distance data transmission and command reception. It can transmit algae activity monitoring data, water quality monitoring data, and equipment operating parameters to a remote control center in real time, while simultaneously receiving operation commands from the remote control center, achieving remote monitoring, remote operation, and maintenance management.

[0074] The system also includes a mobile platform. This platform features a lightweight, corrosion-resistant structural design to stably support all the aforementioned functional components. Equipped with an autonomous movement and positioning module, it can flexibly move across different water areas according to operational needs, adapting to various operational scenarios such as shallow water and open water. Specifically, the mobile platform offers two options: a catamaran structure or a pontoon platform. The catamaran structure uses lightweight, corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy, with a length of 3-10 meters, a width of 2-5 meters, and a catamaran spacing of 1.5-2 meters, providing excellent wind and wave stability. The pontoon platform uses high-density polyethylene pontoons, which can be assembled and combined according to the operational range, suitable for shallow water areas with a depth ≥0.3m or small enclosed water bodies. Both types of platforms are designed with a draft of 0.3-0.8 meters. The mobile platform also includes a high-efficiency propulsion system, which uses an electric thruster or propeller with a power of 0.5-5 kW and supports dual control modes of wireless remote control and autonomous navigation. The autonomous navigation system integrates a GPS positioning module and a water quality sensor, can preset the operation route, and achieve full coverage algae removal operation in a designated area. It also has the functions of fixed-point operation and automatic obstacle avoidance.

[0075] The system also includes an algal activity monitoring device. This device integrates a portable ATP activity analyzer and a chlorophyll fluorescence monitor, forming a dual-indicator synergistic monitoring system. It is used to capture the metabolic and photosynthetic activity status of algae blooms in real time and accurately, providing core decision-making basis for the intelligent control system. It features automatic sampling, data calibration, and wireless transmission capabilities. Specifically, the portable ATP activity analyzer has an algae-specific detection mode, which can effectively eliminate interference from ATP signals from other microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi in the water, achieving a high detection sensitivity. The instrument measures mol ATP, and the detection time can be adaptively adjusted from 1 to 60 seconds based on algal concentration. It integrates fully automated sampling, cell lysis, enzymatic reaction, fluorescence signal detection, and data calibration functions, requiring no manual intervention throughout the process. The chlorophyll fluorescence monitor can simultaneously detect core photosynthetic activity parameters such as Fv / Fm (maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II), Fv' / Fm' (actual photochemical efficiency under light adaptation), and NPQ (non-photochemical quenching coefficient), with a detection limit reaching [missing information]. Through the synergistic analysis of the above parameters, the degree of damage to the algal photosynthetic system can be accurately assessed, providing a key basis for judging the algae removal effect and adjusting the treatment parameters.

[0076] Preferably, the solar panel array uses monocrystalline silicon or polycrystalline silicon materials, wherein the conversion efficiency of the monocrystalline silicon solar panel is not less than 22%, the conversion efficiency of the polycrystalline silicon solar panel is not less than 18%, the output voltage is designed to be adjustable in the range of 12-48V, the maximum output power is 300-3000W, and it has overvoltage and overcurrent protection functions.

[0077] The system also includes a high-safety energy storage system. This system primarily uses lithium iron phosphate batteries (cycle life ≥ 3000 cycles) or lead-acid batteries, with a storage capacity of 5-50 kWh, which can be flexibly configured according to operational duration requirements. The system integrates multiple safety mechanisms, including charge / discharge protection, temperature protection, and overcharge / over-discharge protection. It can store excess energy generated by the solar panel array, providing continuous and stable power support for the entire device under conditions of cloudy days, nighttime, or insufficient sunlight, ensuring continuous operation for 8-24 hours.

[0078] In addition, the system also includes a multi-parameter water quality monitoring sensor group, which can monitor key water quality parameters such as pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, temperature, and turbidity in real time. All monitoring data are transmitted to the intelligent control system in real time for comprehensive evaluation of the treatment effect. When the parameters deviate from the preset range, the treatment parameters are automatically adjusted.

[0079] The system also includes an algae collection device located downstream of the electrochemical algae removal reactor. This device adopts an integrated structure of filtration-flocculation-sedimentation, which can efficiently collect the treated algal biomass (including inactivated algal cells and algal residues). The collected algal biomass can be dehydrated and dried by subsequent supporting treatment units to further produce organic fertilizer or biofuel, thereby realizing the resource recycling of algal waste.

[0080] The system also includes a comprehensive safety protection system covering three dimensions: electrical safety, equipment safety, and personnel safety. In terms of electrical safety, it has leakage protection, overload protection, short circuit protection, and lightning protection functions. In terms of equipment safety, it has electrode reverse connection protection, energy storage system overcharge and over-discharge protection, and temperature over-limit protection functions. It is also equipped with an emergency stop button and a fault alarm device, which can quickly stop the equipment and issue an alarm signal when the equipment is abnormal.

[0081] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An electrochemical algae removal method, characterized in that, include: Real-time data on the activity status of algae in the water body is obtained through an algae activity monitoring device; Based on the acquired algal activity state data, the intelligent control system generates electrochemical treatment parameter adjustment instructions. According to the generated electrochemical treatment parameter adjustment instructions, the electrochemical algae removal reactor is controlled to perform electrochemical treatment on algae; Based on the real-time power generation of the solar power system, the intelligent control system generates a corresponding processing flow command and adjusts the algae treatment flow rate entering the electrochemical algae removal reactor according to the processing flow command.

2. An electrochemical algae removal system, characterized in that, include: Solar power systems are used to provide electrical energy; Algae activity monitoring device, used to acquire real-time data on the activity status of algae in water bodies; The intelligent control system is used to generate electrochemical treatment parameter adjustment instructions based on the algal activity status data obtained by the algal activity monitoring device. An electrochemical algae removal reactor is used to perform electrochemical treatment of algae according to the electrochemical treatment parameter adjustment instructions generated by the intelligent control system. A mobile platform is used to carry the solar power supply system, the algae activity monitoring device, the intelligent control system, and the electrochemical algae removal reactor, and moves to operate according to a preset work route.

3. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The algal activity monitoring device includes a portable ATP activity tester and a chlorophyll fluorescence monitor; the algal activity status data is obtained by calculating the algal activity index based on the ATP concentration obtained from the water sample detected by the portable ATP activity tester. The photosynthetic activity index is calculated based on the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters obtained from the water sample detected by the chlorophyll fluorescence monitor.

4. The system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The intelligent control system generates the electrochemical treatment parameter adjustment instructions in the following manner: determining the growth stage of the algae based on the algal activity index and the photosynthetic activity index; and matching the corresponding base current density value and treatment time value based on the determined growth stage of the algae.

5. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The electrochemical algae removal reactor includes a grid-like anode plate and a cathode plate with adjustable spacing; The electrochemical treatment parameter adjustment commands include current density adjustment commands, treatment time adjustment commands, and electrode spacing adjustment commands; The electrochemical algae removal reactor performs electrochemical treatment according to the current density adjustment command and the treatment time adjustment command, and drives the adjustment of the distance between the anode plate and the cathode plate according to the electrode distance adjustment command.

6. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The solar power system includes a solar panel array, an energy storage battery, and an energy manager; The intelligent control system is also used to: determine the current energy supply level based on the real-time power generation of the solar panel array; Based on the energy supply level, a corresponding processing flow instruction is generated.

7. The system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The electrochemical algae removal reactor is equipped with a flow regulating valve at its inlet; the electrochemical algae removal reactor is also used for: The flow rate command generated by the intelligent control system is used to control the opening of the flow regulating valve to adjust the flow rate of algae-treated water entering the electrochemical algae removal reactor.

8. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The electrochemical algae removal reactor also includes a flexible electrode array and a pulse power supply; The intelligent control system is also used to: generate a pulse power supply command and an electrode insertion command when the operation command is detected to be a bottom sediment treatment mode; According to the electrode insertion command, the flexible electrode array is driven to insert into the surface layer of the bottom sediment of the water body; According to the pulse power supply command, the pulse power supply applies a pulse current to the flexible electrode array inserted into the bottom sediment.

9. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The intelligent control system is also used to: obtain a preset formula for dynamic adjustment of electrochemical parameters, the formula including a current density component that changes periodically with time. According to the dynamic adjustment formula, a dynamic current density adjustment command is periodically generated; the electrochemical algae removal reactor executes a periodically changing current density output according to the dynamic current density adjustment command.

10. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The mobile platform also includes a propulsion system and a navigation and positioning module; The movement operation according to the preset operation route is achieved by generating movement control commands based on the comparison results between the real-time location information obtained by the navigation and positioning module and the preset operation route. According to the movement control command, the propulsion system is controlled to drive the mobile platform to move along the preset work route.

Images