A ferroelectric photocatalytic self-cleaning system with self-powered charge suppression shielding and a preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of self-powered inhibition charge shielding ferroelectric photocatalytic self-cleaning system and its preparation method and application.The system includes disc type friction nanogenerator and conductive glass counter electrode;Conductive glass counter electrode includes ferroelectric photocatalytic glass and screen window;Ferroelectric photocatalytic glass includes BaTiO3 / g-C3N4 heterostructure film and ITO glass;BaTiO3 / g-C3N4 heterostructure film is loaded on ITO glass;Disc type friction nanogenerator is used to polarize BaTiO3 / g-C3N4 heterostructure film;Ferroelectric photocatalytic glass and screen window are respectively one-to-one corresponding to connect the two output terminals of disc type friction nanogenerator.Compared with prior art, in rhodamine B experiment, 30 min degradation rate after 170 rpm and 200 rpm polarization is 75% and 78% respectively, compared with non-polarized sample, it is increased by 40 and 43 percentage points respectively;In formaldehyde experiment, 1 h degradation rate reaches about 40%, increases by 13 percentage points.No need for external power supply, with self-powered characteristics.The system can be widely used in building glass, automobile glass and other scenes, realize efficient, energy-saving self-cleaning function.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of waste gas and wastewater purification technology, and in particular to a self-powered ferroelectric photocatalytic self-cleaning system with charge suppression and shielding, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] For a long time, industrial production has accelerated the development of productivity, but the discharge of waste gas and wastewater has led to environmental pollution. Among these pollutants, VOCs and organic dyes pose a significant threat to human health, corrode buildings, and stain glass. Many purification methods exist for these pollutants, such as activated carbon adsorption, ozonation, and plasma. While these technologies can degrade pollutants, they have numerous drawbacks. Photocatalytic self-cleaning is a non-toxic, low-cost technology that converts light energy into chemical energy, attracting widespread attention for its potential to degrade pollutants. Typical photocatalysts include g-C3N4, WO3, and TiO2. Among these, g-C3N4, due to its narrow band gap, can absorb visible light and has no metal contamination, making it an inexpensive and stable visible light-responsive catalyst, which has been widely used in the photocatalytic degradation of VOCs.

[0003] However, its photogenerated electrons and holes are easy to recombine, and its photocatalytic activity needs to be improved. Some studies have promoted the separation of photogenerated carriers through the depolarization field of ferroelectric materials such as PbTiO3, BiFeO3, and BaTiO3. However, the following problems limit its application: (1) Due to the adsorption of some charged particles, the depolarization field is easily shielded by charge, which limits the ability to promote the separation of photogenerated carriers. (2) The photocatalytic self-cleaning material has low light transmittance, which is not conducive to practical application.

[0004] This invention was proposed to solve the above-mentioned problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art by providing a self-powered, charge-shielding ferroelectric photocatalytic self-cleaning system, its preparation method, and its application. This solves the problems of charge shielding and low transmittance in the aforementioned ferroelectric photocatalysis. The prepared self-powered, charge-shielding ferroelectric photocatalytic self-cleaning system, in the Rhodamine B experiment, achieved degradation rates of 75% and 78% after 30 minutes of polarization at 170 rpm and 200 rpm, respectively, representing increases of 40 and 43 percentage points compared to the unpolarized sample. In the formaldehyde experiment, the degradation rate reached approximately 40% after 1 hour, an increase of 13 percentage points.

[0006] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions: One of the technical solutions of this invention is to provide a self-powered, charge-suppressing, charge-shielding ferroelectric photocatalytic self-cleaning system. The system includes a disc-type triboelectric nanogenerator (D-TENG) and a conductive glass counter electrode. The conductive glass counter electrode includes a ferroelectric photocatalytic glass and a screen. The ferroelectric photocatalytic glass includes a BaTiO3 / g-C3N4 heterostructure film and ITO glass (conductive glass). The BaTiO3 / g-C3N4 heterostructure film is loaded on the ITO glass. The disc-type triboelectric nanogenerator converts mechanical energy into an alternating electric field to polarize the BaTiO3 / g-C3N4 heterostructure film. The ferroelectric photocatalytic glass and the screen are respectively connected to the two output terminals of the disc-type triboelectric nanogenerator to form a polarized electric field, which changes the magnitude of the depolarization field of the BaTiO3 / g-C3N4 heterostructure film.

[0007] Furthermore, the disc-type triboelectric nanogenerator (D-TENG) generates a high voltage under the influence of water flow or wind, supplying power to the BaTiO3 / g-C3N4 heterostructure film and breaking the charge shielding present in the ferroelectric photocatalytic film (i.e., the BaTiO3 / g-C3N4 heterostructure film), thereby improving the efficiency of the depolarization field in promoting the photocatalytic degradation of VOCs. The D-TENG generates a high-frequency alternating electric field by collecting environmental mechanical energy (such as water flow) to polarize the ferroelectric material, suppressing its surface charge shielding effect, and thus enhancing the photogenerated carrier separation efficiency.

[0008] Furthermore, BaTiO3 / g-C3N4 heterostructure thin films were prepared on ITO glass using a hydrothermal method and a dicyandiamide heating method.

[0009] Furthermore, the screen is a stainless steel screen.

[0010] Furthermore, the screen window is positioned opposite to the ferroelectric photocatalytic glass, with the side of the BaTiO3 / g-C3N4 heterostructure film facing the screen window.

[0011] Furthermore, the disc-type triboelectric nanogenerator includes a rotor, a stator, and metal electrodes; the rotor is covered with an electropositive triboelectric material layer; the stator is covered with an electronegative triboelectric material layer; the stator and rotor are stacked and mounted, and a fixing bracket is installed at the bottom for fixation; the metal electrodes are attached to the stator.

[0012] Furthermore, the fixing bracket is manufactured using 3D printing.

[0013] Furthermore, the electropositive triboelectric material layer is rabbit fur.

[0014] Furthermore, the rabbit fur needs to be cut using a laser cutter and trimmed with scissors to ensure consistent length.

[0015] Furthermore, the electronegative friction material layer is a PTFE friction layer (polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, electronegative material) film).

[0016] Furthermore, the stator and rotor are arranged coaxially, and the charge flow channel is located between the stator and the rotor.

[0017] Furthermore, the central shaft (metal rod) is fixedly connected to the outer ring stator, and the central shaft is fixedly connected to the stator through a bearing (coupling).

[0018] Furthermore, the metal electrode is a thin film or a single layer of conductive material.

[0019] Furthermore, the outer surface of the metal electrodes undergoes a cleaning process to enhance the output performance of the power generation unit.

[0020] More preferably, the metal electrode is a copper electrode.

[0021] Furthermore, the stator and rotor are mounted on a central shaft, and the rotor is driven by water flow or wind to rub against the stator.

[0022] Furthermore, multiple metal electrodes are provided and connected to each other to form a parallel circuit.

[0023] Furthermore, the metal electrodes are attached to the stator by a scraper, and the metal electrodes are connected to each other to form a parallel circuit.

[0024] Furthermore, the rabbit hair on the rotor and the PTFE friction layer covering the stator, along with multiple metal electrodes connected to each other by several wires, are connected to the coupling by a metal rod in the middle.

[0025] More preferably, 12 metal electrodes are provided.

[0026] Furthermore, the disc-type triboelectric nanogenerator has a rotational speed of 50-200 rpm and an output voltage range of 1-5kV.

[0027] Furthermore, the maximum output power of the disc-type triboelectric nanogenerator is 120mW when the matching resistance is 50 MΩ.

[0028] Furthermore, the disc-shaped triboelectric nanogenerator can efficiently capture wind or water energy in the environment and convert it into high-voltage electrical energy. The triboelectric nanogenerator based on the rotating disc structure achieves efficient energy conversion through precise mechanical structure and material design.

[0029] The second technical solution of the present invention provides a method for preparing a self-powered, charge-suppressing, charge-shielding ferroelectric photocatalytic self-cleaning system, comprising the following steps: Preparation of ferroelectric photocatalytic glass; The ferroelectric photocatalytic glass disk triboelectric nanogenerator and the screen window are connected one-to-one to the two output terminals of the disk triboelectric nanogenerator.

[0030] Furthermore, the process for preparing ferroelectric photocatalytic glass includes the following steps: (1) Synthesis of BaTiO3: Using barium acetate and titanium tetraisopropoxide as raw materials, BaTiO3 crystalline thin films were grown on ITO glass in an alkaline hydrothermal environment; (2) Synthesis of g-C3N4: Dicyandiamide (C2H4N4) precursor is thermally evaporated on the surface of BaTiO3 crystal film, so that g-C3N4 can be directly nucleated and grown on the surface of BaTiO3 crystal film to obtain BaTiO3 / g-C3N4 heterostructure film loaded on ITO glass, thereby obtaining ferroelectric photocatalytic glass.

[0031] Furthermore, the process for preparing ferroelectric photocatalytic glass specifically includes the following steps: (1) Barium acetate was dissolved in deionized water to obtain a barium acetate aqueous solution, and tetraisopropoxide was dissolved in ethanol to obtain a sodium vanadate alcohol solution. The two solutions were mixed and stirred with a magnetic stirrer to obtain a mixed solution. Sodium hydroxide solution was added dropwise to the mixed solution. The solution was then transferred to a reaction vessel (hydrothermal reactor), and conductive glass (ITO glass) was placed obliquely in the reaction vessel. After hydrothermal reaction, rinsing, and drying, barium titanate (BaTiO3) was grown in situ on the ITO glass to form a BaTiO3 crystal film, thus obtaining ITO glass containing BaTiO3.

[0032] (2) g-C3N4 was prepared by the dicyandiamide (C2H4N4) heating method. C2H4N4 was heated and kept at a temperature in a muffle furnace. Dicyandiamide could be thermally evaporated onto ITO glass containing BaTiO3 to form g-C3N4. BaTiO3 / g-C3N4 with high glass transmittance was synthesized in situ, and BaTiO3 / g-C3N4 heterostructure film loaded on ITO glass was obtained, thus obtaining ferroelectric photocatalytic glass.

[0033] Further, in step (1), the molar ratio of barium acetate and tetraisopropoxide is 1:1.

[0034] Further, in step (1), the concentration of barium acetate aqueous solution is preferably 0.01 mmol / mL, and the concentration of tetraisopropoxide titanium is preferably 0.01 mmol / mL. Of course, the concentration can also be adjusted according to the preparation needs. 1M NaOH solution (aqueous solution) is added dropwise to adjust the pH to 10-12. During the addition process, the dropping rate is controlled to be 0.5 mL / min.

[0035] Further, in step (1), the ITO glass is placed in the reactor at 45°~60° to grow a BaTiO3 crystal film on the ITO glass.

[0036] Furthermore, in step (1), the conductive layer of the ITO glass faces downwards, with an inclination angle of 45°~60°.

[0037] Furthermore, in step (1), the reactor (hydrothermal reactor) is placed in a muffle furnace at 180°C and reacted for 24 h.

[0038] Further, in step (2), after dicyandiamide is placed in a crucible, it is heated and kept warm in a muffle furnace. The side of the ITO glass containing BaTiO3 is placed downwards and horizontally in the center of the crucible for thermal evaporation.

[0039] Further, in step (2), the conditions for thermally evaporating the dicyandiamide precursor on the surface of the BaTiO3 crystal film are as follows: heating to 530°C in a muffle furnace at a heating rate of 2°C / min and holding for 2 h.

[0040] Further, in step (2), C2H4N4 is thermally evaporated onto the ITO glass containing BaTiO3 to form a conductive glass (ITO glass) containing BaTiO3 / g-C3N4 heterostructure material (BaTiO3 / g-C3N4 heterostructure thin film).

[0041] Furthermore, in step (2), g-C3N4 is in situ composited on ITO glass containing BaTiO3 by high-temperature pyrolysis of dicyandiamide.

[0042] The preparation principle and process of this invention are as follows: 1. The raw materials for preparing barium titanate are barium acetate and tetraisopropoxide. Based on the principle of hydrothermal crystallization, the precursors are uniformly mixed by dissolving barium acetate in the aqueous phase and tetraisopropoxide in the ethanol phase. The perovskite-type BaTiO3 crystal film is then directionally grown on a conductive glass substrate in an alkaline hydrothermal environment. 2. The raw material for preparing graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is dicyandiamide. The principle of thermal polycondensation is adopted. The dicyandiamide molecules undergo a condensation reaction through a programmed temperature-controlled pyrolysis method to form a g-C3N4 semiconductor material with a triazine ring structure. 3. Utilizing the principle of in-situ deposition and interface coupling, dicyandiamide precursor is thermally evaporated on the surface of BaTiO3 crystal film. Through a gas phase transport-pyrolysis process, g-C3N4 is directly nucleated and grown on the BaTiO3 surface, forming a molecular-level tightly contacted heterogeneous interface. 4. Based on the principles of lattice matching and band engineering, the perovskite lattice of BaTiO3 and the layered structure of g-C3N4 generate a strong coupling effect at the interface, and a built-in electric field is formed through ferroelectric spontaneous polarization, which effectively promotes the spatial separation of photogenerated carriers. 5. The band structure of the BaTiO3 / g-C3N4 heterojunction thermodynamically meets the requirements of photocatalytic reaction. The visible light absorption characteristics of g-C3N4 and the high carrier mobility of BaTiO3 produce a synergistic effect, which significantly improves the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the composite material. 6. The BaTiO3 / g-C3N4 heterostructure thin film constructed on the surface of conductive glass (ITO glass) has both high light transmittance and self-cleaning properties, providing an ideal transparent electrode-catalyst integrated structure for optoelectronic device applications.

[0043] The third technical solution of the present invention is to provide an application of a self-powered, charge-suppressing, charge-shielding ferroelectric photocatalytic self-cleaning system, which is used for photocatalytic degradation of pollutants.

[0044] Furthermore, the pollutants include one or more of Rhodamine B, formaldehyde, etc.

[0045] Furthermore, when the BaTiO3 / g-C3N4 heterostructure material is polarized using a disk-type triboelectric nanogenerator, the degradation rate of pollutants by the system is higher than that of the system before polarization.

[0046] Furthermore, the polarization time of the disc-type triboelectric nanogenerator is 20 minutes.

[0047] Furthermore, the system achieves a degradation rate of Rhodamine B of approximately 40% higher under simulated sunlight than the unpolarized system.

[0048] Furthermore, the system degrades formaldehyde under simulated sunlight, achieving a degradation rate approximately 13% higher than the non-polarized system, significantly improving the formaldehyde degradation rate.

[0049] Furthermore, D-TENG was applied to the degradation experiment of Rhodamine B (RhB). The influence of D-TENG polarization parameters on the performance recovery of the ferroelectric photocatalytic film (BaTiO3 / g-C3N4 heterostructure film) with conductive glass counter electrodes was systematically studied, revealing the quantitative relationship between charge shielding effect and degradation rate. First, the BaTiO3 / g-C3N4 ferroelectric photocatalytic film (BaTiO3 / g-C3N4 heterostructure film) was pretreated to simulate a charge shielding state: the film was immersed in a 30 mg / L RhB solution and irradiated under a 20 W UV lamp (365 nm) for 3 hours, then removed and dried. To precisely control the polarization conditions, a high-precision motor control system was used to adjust the D-TENG rotation speed, polarizing the film for 20 minutes at 50, 80, 110, 140, 170, and 200 rpm, while maintaining an electrode spacing of 2 mm to prevent air breakdown (breakdown field strength ≈ 3 kV / mm). With increasing rotational speed (polarization voltage), the RhB degradation rate significantly improved. Specifically, under 30 minutes of illumination, the RhB degradation rate of the unpolarized film was only 35%, while the degradation rates after polarization at 170 rpm and 200 rpm reached 75% and 78%, respectively, an improvement of about 40 percentage points compared to the unpolarized film.

[0050] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention provides a self-powered ferroelectric photocatalytic self-cleaning system that suppresses charge shielding, its preparation method, and its application. The external electric field of D-TENG in the system can break the charge shielding effect caused by the adsorption of charged particles, thereby improving the degradation effect of the ferroelectric photocatalyst (BaTiO3 / g-C3N4 heterostructure film) in removing pollutants. The preparation method is simple to operate, low in cost, uses non-toxic raw materials, and conforms to the concept of environmental protection. It can achieve glass self-cleaning and air purification without the need for an external power source. Attached Figure Description

[0051] Figure 1 a is a scanning electron microscope image at 30 kJ / g: the photocatalyst (BaTiO3 / g-C3N4 heterostructure film) supported on barium titanate nanoparticles obtained in Example 1. Figure 1 b is a scanning electron microscope image at 35 kJ of the barium titanate nanoparticle-supported carbon nitride nanosheet photocatalyst (BaTiO3 / g-C3N4 heterostructure film) obtained in Example 1. Figure 1 c is a transmission electron microscope image of the barium titanate nanoparticle-supported carbon nitride nanosheet photocatalyst (BaTiO3 / g-C3N4 heterostructure film) obtained in Example 1 at 50 nm. Figure 1d is a transmission electron microscope image of the barium titanate nanoparticle-supported carbon nitride nanosheet photocatalyst (BaTiO3 / g-C3N4 heterostructure film) obtained in Example 1 at 10 nm.

[0052] Figure 2 a is the X-ray electron diffraction pattern of the BaTiO3 crystal thin film obtained in step (1) of Example 1 and the BaTiO3 / g-C3N4 heterostructure thin film obtained in step (2); Figure 2 b is the Fourier transform infrared image of the BaTiO3 crystal thin film obtained in step (1) of Example 1 and the BaTiO3 / g-C3N4 heterostructure thin film obtained in step (2). Figure 2 c represents the UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra of the BaTiO3 crystal film obtained in step (1) and the BaTiO3 / g-C3N4 heterostructure film obtained in step (2) of Example 1. Figure 2 d represents the electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of the BaTiO3 crystal thin film obtained in step (1) and the BaTiO3 / g-C3N4 heterostructure thin film obtained in step (2) of Example 1.

[0053] Figure 3 The glass transmittance diagrams are for the BaTiO3 crystalline thin film obtained in step (1) and the BaTiO3 / g-C3N4 heterostructure thin film obtained in step (2) of Example 1.

[0054] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of a disc-type triboelectric nanogenerator (D-TENG).

[0055] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of voltage simulation of a disk-type triboelectric nanogenerator using COMSOL.

[0056] Figure 6 a is a schematic diagram of measuring the output voltage of a D-TENG using the traditional parallel resistance method; Figure 6 b is a schematic diagram of the voltage divider method used in this test to measure the output voltage of the D-TENG.

[0057] Figure 7 a is a structural diagram of D-TENG; Figure 7 b represents the voltage output of the D-TENG at different speeds; Figure 7 c represents the charge output of the D-TENG at different rotation speeds; Figure 7 d represents the current output of the D-TENG at different speeds; Figure 7e represents the maximum power and matching resistance of the D-TENG at 200 rpm.

[0058] Figure 8 These are the maximum power and matching resistance of the D-TENG at different speeds.

[0059] Figure 9 a is the maximum power of D-TENG at different speeds; Figure 9 b is the charging curve of the capacitor of D-TENG at different speeds; Figure 9 c is the charging curve of D-TENG with different capacitors at 50 rpm.

[0060] Figure 10 a is a schematic diagram of the polarization of the ferroelectric thin film (BaTiO3 / g-C3N4 heterostructure thin film); Figure 10 b represents the efficiency of Rhodamine B degradation at different rotation speeds under a fixed polarization time; Figure 10 c represents the efficiency of Rhodamine B degradation at different planned times under a fixed rotation speed.

[0061] Figure 11 It refers to the efficiency of formaldehyde degradation at different rotation speeds.

[0062] Figure 12 A schematic diagram of the operation of a ferroelectric photocatalytic self-cleaning system that uses self-powered charge-suppressing shielding. Detailed Implementation

[0063] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments. These embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Component models, material names, connection structures, control methods, and other features not explicitly stated in this technical solution are considered to be common technical features disclosed in the prior art.

[0064] This embodiment is implemented based on the technical solution of the present invention, and provides detailed implementation methods and specific operation processes. However, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiment.

[0065] In the following embodiments, unless otherwise specified, the raw materials or processing techniques are conventional commercially available raw materials or conventional processing techniques in the art.

[0066] In this invention, the ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance is tested using a UV-2401PC. X-ray electron diffraction was performed using Bruker D8 X; Formaldehyde performance testing was performed using a portable pump-suction gas formaldehyde tester K-600; The laser cutting machine was tested using ULTRA X6000. The electrometer used was a Keithley 6514.

[0067] Example 1 This embodiment provides a self-powered, charge-suppressing, charge-shielding ferroelectric photocatalytic self-cleaning system. The system includes a disk-type triboelectric nanogenerator (D-TENG) and a conductive glass counter electrode. The conductive glass counter electrode includes a ferroelectric photocatalytic glass and a screen. The ferroelectric photocatalytic glass includes a BaTiO3 / g-C3N4 heterostructure film and an ITO glass (conductive glass). The BaTiO3 / g-C3N4 heterostructure film is loaded on the ITO glass. The disk-type triboelectric nanogenerator converts mechanical energy into an alternating electric field to polarize the BaTiO3 / g-C3N4 heterostructure film. The ferroelectric photocatalytic glass and the screen are respectively connected to the two output terminals of the disk-type triboelectric nanogenerator to form a polarized electric field, which changes the magnitude of the depolarization field of the BaTiO3 / g-C3N4 heterostructure film.

[0068] The disc-shaped triboelectric nanogenerator (D-TENG) generates a high voltage under the action of water flow or wind, and supplies power to the BaTiO3 / g-C3N4 heterostructure film. It also breaks the charge shielding present in the ferroelectric photocatalytic film (i.e., the BaTiO3 / g-C3N4 heterostructure film), thereby improving the efficiency of the depolarization field in promoting the photocatalytic degradation of VOCs.

[0069] The screen is a commercially available stainless steel screen, 1mm thick, with 2mm mesh.

[0070] The screen window is positioned opposite to the ferroelectric photocatalytic glass, with the side of the BaTiO3 / g-C3N4 heterostructure film facing the screen window.

[0071] The disc-shaped triboelectric nanogenerator includes a rotor, a stator, and metal electrodes. The rotor is covered with rabbit hair. The stator is covered with a PTFE friction layer (a thin film of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, an electronegative material), which is commercially available PTFE from Chenguang Plastics and has a thickness of 0.18 mm. The stator and rotor are stacked and mounted, and a fixing bracket is added at the bottom for fixation. The metal electrodes are attached to the stator. The rabbit hair needs to be cut using a laser cutter and trimmed with scissors to ensure consistent length.

[0072] The stator and rotor are arranged coaxially, the charge flow channel is located between the stator and the rotor, the stator and rotor are mounted on a central shaft, the rotor is driven by water flow or wind to rub against the stator, the central shaft (metal rod) is fixedly connected to the outer ring stator, and the central shaft is fixedly connected to the stator through a bearing (coupling).

[0073] The metal electrode is a copper electrode, and its outer surface is cleaned to enhance the output performance of the power generation unit.

[0074] Twelve metal electrodes are set up and attached to the stator by scrapers. The metal electrodes are connected to each other to form a parallel circuit. The metal electrodes are connected to the coupling by a metal rod in the middle.

[0075] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing a self-powered, charge-suppressing, charge-shielding ferroelectric photocatalytic self-cleaning system, comprising the following steps: Preparation of ferroelectric photocatalytic glass; The ferroelectric photocatalytic glass disc triboelectric nanogenerator and the screen window are connected one-to-one to the two output terminals of the disc triboelectric nanogenerator, that is, the output wire ports of the triboelectric nanogenerator.

[0076] The process of preparing ferroelectric photocatalytic glass specifically includes the following steps: (1) Barium acetate was dissolved in deionized water to obtain a barium acetate aqueous solution with a concentration of 0.01 mmol / mL. Tetraisopropoxide was dissolved in ethanol to obtain a sodium vanadate alcohol solution with a concentration of 0.01 mmol / mL. The two solutions were mixed (the molar ratio of barium acetate to tetraisopropoxide was 1:1) and stirred with a magnetic stirrer to obtain a mixed solution. 1M NaOH solution (aqueous solution) was added dropwise to adjust the pH of the mixed solution to 10-12. During the addition, the dropping rate was controlled at 0.5 mL / min. The solution was then transferred to a reaction vessel (hydrothermal reactor). Conductive glass (ITO glass) was then placed at a 45° angle in the reaction vessel. The hydrothermal reaction was carried out (the reaction vessel was placed in a muffle furnace at 180°C for 24 h), followed by rinsing and drying. Barium titanate (BaTiO3) was grown in situ on the ITO glass to form a BaTiO3 crystal film (abbreviated as BaTiO3), thus obtaining ITO glass containing BaTiO3.

[0077] (2) g-C3N4 was prepared by the dicyandiamide (C2H4N4) heating method. 3g of C2H4N4 was placed in a crucible and heated and held in a muffle furnace. The conditions were: heating to 530℃ at a heating rate of 2℃ / min in the muffle furnace and holding for 2 h. The side of the ITO glass containing BaTiO3 was placed downwards and horizontally in the center of the crucible for thermal evaporation. Dicyandiamide can be thermally evaporated onto the ITO glass containing BaTiO3 to form g-C3N4. BaTiO3 / g-C3N4 with high glass transmittance was synthesized in situ, and BaTiO3 / g-C3N4 heterostructure film (abbreviated as BaTiO3 / g-C3N4) loaded on ITO glass was obtained, thus obtaining ferroelectric photocatalytic glass. For comparison, pure-phase g-C3N4 was obtained by placing 3g of C2H4N4 in a crucible and heating and holding it in a muffle furnace under the following conditions: heating to 530℃ at a heating rate of 2℃ / min and holding for 2 h.

[0078] The scanning electron microscope (SEM) used (model JEOL-JSM-7800F, manufactured by Nippon Electron Ltd.) produced the following SEM images: Figure 1 As shown in a, apart from some powder impurities on the ITO glass surface, the majority of BaTiO3 consists of cubic BaTiO3 particles that are evenly distributed. Figure 1 b shows that g-C3N4 was synthesized on the surface of BaTiO3 using a dicyandiamide heating method.

[0079] The transmission electron microscope (TEM) used (model JEOL JEM-2100F, manufactured by Nippon Electron Ltd.) produced the following TEM images: Figure 1 As shown in c and 1d, the BaTiO3 particles are uniformly covered by g-C3N4. High-resolution TEM revealed a clear boundary between the BaTiO3 particles and g-C3N4, and the lattice of the BaTiO3 particles was distinct.

[0080] The XRD patterns of BaTiO3 obtained in step (1), g-C3N4 obtained in step (2), and BaTiO3 / g-C3N4 obtained in Example 1 were measured using an X-ray diffractometer (model: D8 advance, manufacturer: Bruker GmbH, Germany). Figure 2As shown in Figure a, the XRD pattern of pure-phase g-C3N4 exhibits two typical diffraction features: the diffraction peak of the (100) crystal plane at around 13° is very indistinct compared to the previously synthesized system, which is due to the poor crystallinity of carbon nitride synthesized by the dicyandiamide heating method. The peak of the (002) crystal plane at 27.38° corresponds to the interlayer π-π stacking effect between conjugated aromatic rings, a feature that is highly consistent with the layered topology of graphitized carbon nitride materials. Sharp Bragg diffraction peaks were observed at 22.11°, 31.45°, 38.79°, 45.25°, 50.85°, 56.15°, and 65.56° in the diffraction patterns of BaTiO3 and BaTiO3 / g-C3N4, corresponding to the (100), (110), (111), (200), (210), (211), and (220) crystal planes of tetragonal barium titanate, indicating that the samples have a highly crystalline perovskite structure. No characteristic peaks of g-C3N4 were detected in BaTiO3 / g-C3N4, which may be due to the low loading of g-C3N4 during the composite process.

[0081] Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (model: FTIR1500, manufacturer: Shanghai Precision Instruments Co., Ltd.) was used to measure the BaTiO3 obtained in step (1), the g-C3N4 obtained in step (2), and the BaTiO3 / g-C3N4 in Example 1, respectively. The obtained FTIR spectra are shown below. Figure 2 As shown in b, the chemical composition and interfacial interactions of the material were further investigated using FTIR spectroscopy. Pure g-C3N4 exhibited three characteristic absorption bands in the fingerprint region: 810 cm⁻¹ -1 and 879 cm -1 The vibrational peak at 480 cm⁻¹ originates from the out-of-plane bending vibrational mode of the triazine ring (g-C₃N₄). For the BaTiO₃ sample, this peak occurs at 480 cm⁻¹. -1 The characteristic peak at 1446 cm⁻¹ is caused by the stretching vibration of the Ti-O octahedron, while the peak at 1446 cm⁻¹ is caused by the stretching vibration of the Ti-O octahedron. -1 The peak at the [specific location] is due to the adsorption of water molecules by the catalyst, where the OH bonds of the water molecules vibrate. In the FTIR spectrum of BaTiO3 / g-C3N4, both the CN / C=N vibration peak of g-C3N4 and the Ti-O characteristic peak of BaTiO3 were observed, and no new chemical bond formation was observed, indicating that the composite process did not destroy the intrinsic structure of each component, and a heterogeneous interface was constructed between the two phases through physical adsorption or van der Waals forces.

[0082] The UV-Vis spectrophotometer (model: UV-2401PC, manufacturer: Shimadzu Corporation, Japan) was used to measure the UV-Vis photocatalysts obtained in step (1) of Example 1, g-C3N4 obtained in step (2), and BaTiO3 / g-C3N4, respectively. The obtained UV-Vis spectra are shown below. Figure 2As shown in c, the light absorption properties of the materials were systematically evaluated using UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Pure BaTiO3 exhibits a steep absorption edge at 400 nm, corresponding to its wide bandgap of approximately 3.1 eV, which limits its light-harvesting ability in the visible region (λ > 420 nm). In contrast, g-C3N4 exhibits a redshifted absorption edge to 465 nm and a bandgap of approximately 2.67 eV, indicating its visible light response capability. This is consistent with the performance of sp in carbon nitride materials. 2 The narrow bandgap characteristics of the hybrid carbon-nitrogen conjugated system are closely related. For BaTiO3 / g-C3N4, its absorption edge exhibits a transitional feature between the two monomers, and its absorbance in the visible light region is significantly enhanced, which is attributed to the coupling effect of the band structure at the heterojunction.

[0083] The BaTiO3 obtained in step (1), g-C3N4 obtained in step (2), and the BaTiO3 / g-C3N4 photocatalyst were measured using an electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer (Magnettech ESR5000, manufactured by Bruker GmbH, Germany). The FTIR spectra obtained are shown below. Figure 2 As shown in d, oxygen vacancies are formed. The peak near g=2.003 indicates the formation of oxygen vacancies. The formation of a small number of oxygen vacancies is beneficial to delay carrier recombination, thereby improving catalytic efficiency.

[0084] The UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra of BaTiO3 obtained in step (1), g-C3N4 obtained in step (2), and BaTiO3 / g-C3N4 obtained in Example 1 were measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer (model: UV-2401PC, manufacturer: Shimadzu Corporation, Japan). The results are shown below. Figure 3 As shown, the transmittance of BaTiO3 / g-C3N4 synthesized by the dicyandiamide heating method on ITO glass is significantly improved compared with the transmittance of the composite material synthesized in the previous system on ITO, which indicates its application prospects in glass self-cleaning.

[0085] The working principle of the disk-type triboelectric nanogenerator was drawn using 3D Max software, as shown below. Figure 4 As shown, the device achieves efficient conversion of wind energy into electrical energy through precise mechanical structure and material design. Specifically, the initial state of the D-TENG is as follows: Figure 4As shown in (i), rabbit hair (an electropositive triboelectric material) is located directly above the left electrode and is firmly fixed to the lower surface of the rotor with highly viscous conductive adhesive. When the rotor is driven to rotate by wind power, the rabbit hair comes into contact with the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, an electronegative triboelectric material) film covering the stator. Due to the difference in triboelectric series between the two materials (PTFE is at the negative end of the triboelectric series, and the rabbit hair is at the positive end), the contact electrification effect causes the surface of the rabbit hair to carry a positive charge, and the surface of the PTFE to carry an equal amount of negative charge. As the rotor continues to rotate, as... Figure 4 As shown in (ii)-(iii) in Figure 4, the rabbit hair gradually separates from the PTFE. Due to the law of conservation of charge, the negative charge on the PTFE surface induces a rightward flow of electrons in the external circuit to balance the positive charge brought by the rotor. When the rabbit hair rotates to the top of the right metal electrode, as shown in Figure (iv), the system reaches a charge balance state again, at which point equal amounts of positive and negative charges accumulate in the right electrode region. Subsequently, as shown in Figures (v)-(vi) in Figure 4, as the rotor continues to move, the positive charge above the right electrode gradually decreases, while the positive charge above the left electrode increases accordingly. This asymmetry in charge distribution drives electrons in the external circuit to flow from the right electrode to the left electrode, forming a complete current loop, thereby generating alternating voltage output. This periodic contact-separation mechanism enables the D-TENG to generate a stable alternating current output during continuous rotation, providing a reliable energy source for the subsequent self-powered, charge-suppressed, charge-shielded ferroelectric photocatalytic self-cleaning system.

[0086] The disk-type triboelectric nanogenerator device was analyzed using three-dimensional finite element simulation with COMSOL software. Figure 5 As shown, during the simulation, the surface charge densities of rabbit hair and PTFE film were set to corresponding parameters to accurately reflect the charge distribution after contact electrification. The potential evolution of the D-TENG during counterclockwise rotation was simulated using a transient solver, revealing the electric field distribution and charge migration patterns at different device positions. The simulation results show that when rabbit hair contacts PTFE (corresponding to...),... Figure 5 (i) Position), a strong charge separation interface forms in the contact area, resulting in a significant spatial gradient in the potential distribution. As the rotor rotates to the separation stage ( Figure 5 (ii)-(iii)), the negative charge on the PTFE surface forms a potential well (-2.5 kV) above the left electrode, while the positive charge carried by the rabbit hair forms a potential peak (+2.5 kV) above the right electrode. This potential difference drives electrons in the external circuit to flow from the right electrode to the left electrode, forming a transient current. When the rabbit hair completely detaches from the PTFE and rotates to the position above the right electrode ( Figure 5(iv) The system reaches a new electrostatic equilibrium state, with a symmetrical potential distribution, at which point the external circuit current drops to zero. These simulation results provide important guidance for optimizing the structural design of D-TENGs, and also theoretically verify the charge transfer laws and potential distribution characteristics observed in experiments, laying a solid foundation for understanding the working mechanism of disk-type triboelectric nanogenerators.

[0087] The testing device for the disk-type triboelectric nanogenerator is as follows: Figure 6 As shown in a and 6b, the voltage generated by the D-TENG is too high to be measured using a direct connection of electrometers. Therefore, to test the actual voltage generated by the device and address the measurement challenges posed by the high-voltage output characteristics of the D-TENG (peak voltage > 1.5 kV), this invention designs an indirect measurement scheme based on the impedance matching principle. Since traditional electrometers are susceptible to high-voltage breakdown and leakage current interference during direct measurement, the experiment uses a series load method for accurate characterization: a test circuit is constructed consisting of the D-TENG, an adjustable resistance box (range 1 kΩ-100 MΩ), and a high-precision electrometer (e.g., ...). Figure 6 b) Connect the high-voltage resistor R1 and the sampling resistor R2 in series between the two output terminals of the D-TENG, and connect the electrometer in parallel across R2 to measure the voltage U. m The D-TENG output voltage is calculated according to U=U m The calculation is (R1+R2) / R2. The resistance values ​​of R1 and R2 are selected according to the allowable input range of the electrometer, and high-voltage resistant resistors and sufficient creepage distance are used. Figure 6 The traditional direct parallel measurement shown in Figure a is for illustrative and comparative purposes only. This method effectively avoids the safety hazards of direct high-voltage measurement, and at the same time reveals the power output characteristics of the DC-TENG through dynamic impedance scanning, providing key parameter basis for subsequent energy management.

[0088] The output performance of the disk-type triboelectric nanogenerator was tested using a high-precision electrometer (Keithley 6514), such as... Figure 7 Figure a shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a nanogenerator, as follows: Figure 7 bd, systematically studied the effect of rotational speed (r=50, 80, 110, 140, 170 and 200 rpm) on open-circuit voltage (V OC ), short-circuit current (I) SC ) and transferred charge (Q) SC The influence of V is investigated. Experimental results show that as the rotational speed increases from 50 rpm to 200 rpm, V... OC The voltage increased linearly from 1.6 kV to 5.0 kV, consistent with the voltage magnitude previously simulated in COMSOL. SC From 15 μA to 50 μA, Q SCMaintain a temperature of 0.25 μC. This speed-dependent output characteristic is mainly attributed to two factors: firstly, according to the triboelectric theory, when the device reaches charge saturation, V... OC Theoretically, it should be independent of rotational speed. However, in actual operation, the leakage effect of surface charge (mainly due to air ionization and material surface defects) is more significant under low-speed conditions, leading to a decrease in effective charge density. Secondly, increasing the rotational speed shortens the contact-separation cycle, reducing charge recombination time and thus improving charge transfer efficiency. To further optimize the energy output performance of the D-TENG, the effect of external load resistance (R) on I was investigated. SC The effect of output power (P) Figure 7 e). According to the formula for calculating output power: When the rotational speed is fixed at 200 rpm, as R increases from 1 MΩ to 1000 MΩ, I SC The A gradually decreased from 70 μA to 1.5 μA, while P showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, reaching a peak power of 120 mW (power density 15 W / m) at R=50 MΩ. 2 This phenomenon conforms to the impedance matching principle: when R is much smaller than the device's internal resistance (approximately 100 MΩ), most of the energy is consumed inside the device; when R is much larger than the internal resistance, although the voltage increases, the current decreases significantly; only when R matches the internal resistance can maximum power output be achieved. These experimental results not only verify the high-efficiency energy conversion capability of D-TENG, but also provide important basis for impedance matching design in subsequent system integration.

[0089] The matching resistance and maximum power of the disc-shaped triboelectric nanogenerator at different speeds were tested using a high-precision electrometer (Keithley 6514). The matching resistance and maximum power were tested at different motor speeds (50, 80, 110, 140, 170, and 200 rpm). Figure 8 From a to 8f, it can be observed that the matching resistance gradually decreases. This phenomenon can be explained by dynamic impedance matching theory: as the rotational speed increases, the output frequency of the D-TENG increases, leading to a decrease in the device's internal resistance. Maximum power transfer conditions require the external load resistance to match the internal resistance. Furthermore, the contact-separation cycle shortens under high-speed rotation, reducing charge recombination time and increasing surface charge density, further lowering the equivalent internal resistance.

[0090] The maximum power, capacitor charging capacity, and charging capacity of the disk-shaped triboelectric nanogenerator at different rotational speeds were tested using a high-precision electrometer (Keithley 6514). For example... Figure 9By studying the maximum output power characteristics of the D-TENG at different speeds (50-200 rpm), it was found that the maximum power significantly increases as the speed increases from 50 rpm to 200 rpm. Figure 9 b. To evaluate the actual energy storage performance of the D-TENG, the charging characteristics of a 47 μF electrolytic capacitor at different rotational speeds were experimentally tested. The results showed that at 200 rpm, the capacitor voltage could be rapidly charged to 10 V within 15 seconds, while at 50 rpm it could only reach 2.5 V, representing a 4-fold increase in charging efficiency. This significant rotational speed effect stems from the higher instantaneous power output and more stable charge transfer efficiency at higher speeds. Further investigation was conducted on the charging behavior of capacitors with different capacities (0.22 μF, 0.47 μF, 1 μF, 2.2 μF, 4.77 μF, 33 μF, 47 μF) at 50 rpm. Figure 9 c). Experiments show that as the capacitance increases from 0.22 μF to 47 μF, the charging rate gradually decreases, but the voltage across the capacitor still maintains a linear growth trend. This indicates that the D-TENG has a stable charge output capability and can adapt to application scenarios with different energy storage requirements. By optimizing the speed and load matching, the D-TENG demonstrates good energy harvesting and storage potential, providing a reliable energy solution for self-powered ferroelectric photocatalytic self-cleaning systems that suppress charge shielding.

[0091] like Figure 12 The diagram shows the working principle of a ferroelectric photocatalytic self-cleaning system that suppresses charge shielding through self-powered operation. The polarized electric field generated by the triboelectric nanogenerator promotes the breaking of charge shielding and improves charge separation capability.

[0092] Application Example 1 The performance test for photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B includes the following steps: D-TENG was applied to RhB degradation experiments. The influence of D-TENG polarization parameters on the performance recovery of the ferroelectric photocatalytic film was systematically studied, revealing the quantitative relationship between charge shielding effect and degradation efficiency. First, the BaTiO3 / g-C3N4 heterostructure film was pretreated to simulate a charge shielding state: the BaTiO3 / g-C3N4 heterostructure film was immersed in a 30 mg / L RhB solution and irradiated under a 20 W UV lamp (365 nm) for 3 hours, then removed and dried. The D-TENG rotation speed was adjusted, and the film was polarized for 20 minutes at 50, 80, 110, 140, 170, and 200 rpm, respectively. A schematic diagram of the polarization device is shown below. Figure 10 As shown in a, the electrode spacing is maintained at 2 mm to prevent air breakdown (breakdown field strength ≈ 3 kV / mm).

[0093] Degradation performance test results are as follows Figure 10 As shown in b, the RhB degradation efficiency significantly improves with increasing rotational speed (polarization voltage). Specifically, under 30 minutes of illumination, the RhB degradation rate of the unpolarized film is only 35%, while the degradation rates after polarization at 170 rpm and 200 rpm reach 75% and 78%, respectively, an improvement of approximately 40 percentage points compared to the unpolarized film. Further increasing the voltage may accelerate the degradation efficiency, but exceeding the air breakdown field strength ≈ 3 kV / mm would lead to catalyst degradation; therefore, the experiment was limited to 3 kV.

[0094] To further optimize polarization parameters, the effects of polarization time (15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes) on degradation efficiency were investigated with fixed rotation speeds of 50, 110, and 170 rpm. Figure 10 c). The results show that the degradation efficiency increases with increasing polarization time, but the rate of increase gradually decreases, so the polarization basically saturates around 60 minutes. This nonlinear relationship indicates that the elimination of charge shielding is kinetically limited: initially, surface adsorbed charges are rapidly removed, while in the later stage, the accumulation of deep charges is mainly overcome.

[0095] The experimental results systematically reveal the influence of D-TENG polarization parameters on the recovery of ferroelectric photocatalytic performance: within a certain range, increasing the rotation speed (polarization voltage) and extending the polarization time can effectively weaken the charge shielding effect, but there is a significant saturation phenomenon. This finding provides an important basis for optimizing the operating parameters of self-powered photocatalytic systems: in practical applications, selecting a rotation speed of 170 rpm and a polarization time of 60 minutes can achieve the best balance between energy consumption and performance.

[0096] Application Example 2: The photocatalytic degradation performance test of formaldehyde includes the following steps: To investigate the purification of gaseous pollutants by the self-cleaning system, a formaldehyde degradation experiment was conducted. The real-time effect of D-TENG on formaldehyde degradation was compared. The photocatalytic component (ferroelectric photocatalytic glass, stainless steel mesh) was placed in a closed reaction chamber. The BaTiO3 / g-C3N4 heterostructure film and ITO glass were fixed within the closed reaction chamber, and the D-TENG was placed outside the chamber. The test results are as follows: Figure 11 As shown, the polarization effect of D-TENG significantly improves the formaldehyde degradation efficiency by approximately 13%. This is because the dynamic electric field generated by the disk-type triboelectric nanogenerator effectively breaks the surface charge shielding, restores the depolarization electric field of the ferroelectric material (BaTiO3 / g-C3N4 heterostructure film), and restores its role in promoting the separation of photogenerated carriers.

[0097] In summary, this invention organically combines energy harvesting, charge shielding elimination, and the catalytic reaction process. It utilizes random mechanical energy in the environment (such as water flow energy and wind energy) to achieve self-maintenance of the catalytic material (BaTiO3 / g-C3N4 heterostructure thin film), overcoming the performance degradation problem caused by charge shielding in traditional ferroelectric photocatalysis technology. This provides a new approach for the treatment of surface pollutants in building curtain walls, environmental protection equipment, and photovoltaic modules.

[0098] The above description of the embodiments is provided to enable those skilled in the art to understand and use the invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made to these embodiments, and the general principles described herein can be applied to other embodiments without inventive effort. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the disclosure of the present invention without departing from the scope of the invention should be within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A self-powered ferroelectric photocatalytic self-cleaning system with charge-suppressing shielding, characterized in that, The system includes a disk-type triboelectric nanogenerator and a conductive glass counter electrode. The conductive glass counter electrode includes ferroelectric photocatalytic glass and a window screen; The ferroelectric photocatalytic glass comprises a BaTiO3 / g-C3N4 heterostructure thin film and an ITO glass; The BaTiO3 / g-C3N4 heterostructure film is loaded onto ITO glass; The disk-type triboelectric nanogenerator is used to polarize BaTiO3 / g-C3N4 heterostructure thin films. The ferroelectric photocatalytic glass and the screen are respectively connected to the two output ends of the disc-shaped triboelectric nanogenerator.

2. The ferroelectric photocatalytic self-cleaning system with self-powered charge suppression and shielding as described in claim 1, characterized in that, BaTiO3 / g-C3N4 heterostructure thin films were prepared on ITO glass by hydrothermal method and dicyandiamide heating method; The screen is made of stainless steel.

3. The ferroelectric photocatalytic self-cleaning system with self-powered charge suppression and shielding as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The disc-shaped triboelectric nanogenerator includes a rotor, a stator, and metal electrodes; The rotor is covered with a layer of electropositive friction material; The stator is covered with a layer of electronegative triboelectric material; The stator and rotor are stacked and installed; The metal electrode is attached to the stator.

4. The ferroelectric photocatalytic self-cleaning system with self-powered charge suppression and shielding as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The electropositive friction material layer is rabbit hair; The electronegative friction material layer is a PTFE friction layer; The metal electrode is a conductive material thin film or a single layer of conductive material; The stator and rotor are arranged coaxially; Multiple metal electrodes are set up and connected to each other to form a parallel circuit.

5. The ferroelectric photocatalytic self-cleaning system with self-powered charge suppression and shielding according to claim 1, characterized in that, The disc-type triboelectric nanogenerator has a rotational speed of 50-200 rpm and an output voltage range of 1-5 kV. The maximum output power of the disc-type triboelectric nanogenerator is 120 mW when the matching resistance is 50 MΩ.

6. A method for preparing a self-powered, charge-suppressing, charge-shielding ferroelectric photocatalytic self-cleaning system as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The preparation method includes the following steps: Preparation of ferroelectric photocatalytic glass; The ferroelectric photocatalytic glass disk triboelectric nanogenerator and the screen window are connected one-to-one to the two output terminals of the disk triboelectric nanogenerator.

7. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The process of preparing ferroelectric photocatalytic glass includes the following steps: (1) Using barium acetate and titanium tetraisopropoxide as raw materials, a BaTiO3 crystalline thin film was grown on ITO glass in an alkaline hydrothermal environment; (2) Dicyandiamide precursor is thermally evaporated on the surface of BaTiO3 crystal film, so that g-C3N4 is directly nucleated and grown on the surface of BaTiO3 crystal film, and BaTiO3 / g-C3N4 heterostructure film loaded on ITO glass is obtained, thus obtaining ferroelectric photocatalytic glass.

8. The preparation method according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step (1), the molar ratio of barium acetate to titanium tetraisopropoxide is 1:1; In step (1), ITO glass is placed in the reactor at 45°~60° to grow a BaTiO3 crystal film on the ITO glass; In step (2), the conditions for thermally evaporating the dicyandiamide precursor on the surface of the BaTiO3 crystal film are as follows: heating to 530°C in a muffle furnace at a heating rate of 2°C / min and holding for 2 h.

9. The application of a self-powered, charge-suppressing, charge-shielding ferroelectric photocatalytic self-cleaning system as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The system is used for photocatalytic degradation of pollutants.

10. The application according to claim 9, characterized in that, The pollutants include one or more of Rhodamine B and formaldehyde; When the BaTiO3 / g-C3N4 heterostructure material is polarized using a disk-type triboelectric nanogenerator, the degradation rate of pollutants in the system is higher than that of the system before polarization.

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