Dual-power three-dimensional flow field plasma sewage treatment device and system

Abstract

The application discloses a double-power supply three-dimensional flow field plasma sewage treatment device and a treatment system, the device comprising a reactor shell, a three-dimensional grid electrode group, a high-frequency ultrasonic transducer array, a transient controller, a main control unit and a double-path independent adjustable high-voltage pulse power supply, the three-dimensional grid electrode group is composed of orthogonal positive plates and negative rods, the high-frequency ultrasonic transducer array constructs a three-dimensional acoustic standing wave field, anchors micro-bubbles to electrode intersection nodes, the transient controller collects transient current high-frequency harmonic distortion characteristics, determines a cavitation starting point and triggers the double-path power supply in a delay synchronization mode, the double-path power supply constructs an orthogonal superimposed electric field at the intersection nodes, reaches and exceeds the breakdown voltage threshold of the gas inside the micro-bubbles in the minimum volume state of the micro-bubbles, initiates gas ionization and forms a plasma discharge channel, and the main control unit adjusts output parameters based on the water inlet conductivity in a closed loop to maintain a stable pulse discharge state. Through the cooperation of bubble anchoring, phase-controlled discharge and macroscopic self-adaptive adjustment, the sewage oxidation degradation efficiency and the long-term operation stability of the system are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wastewater treatment technology, specifically to a dual-powered three-dimensional flow field plasma wastewater treatment device and system. Background Technology

[0002] Plasma water treatment technology, as an advanced oxidation process, has a basis for application in the treatment of recalcitrant organic wastewater. This technology primarily works by applying a high-voltage electric field at the gas-liquid interface or within the liquid, breaking down the working gas or water molecules to generate oxidizing species including high-energy electrons, hydroxyl radicals, and ozone. These reactive species can break the chemical bonds of pollutants in wastewater, oxidizing and decomposing them into smaller molecules, thus purifying the water.

[0003] In current industrial applications and routine experiments, plasma water treatment equipment typically employs parallel plate electrodes, needle-plate electrodes, or coaxial dielectric barrier discharge structures. To reduce the discharge breakdown voltage in the liquid phase environment, external gas is usually introduced into the electrode region to create a gas-liquid two-phase mixed fluid environment. A high-voltage power supply outputs pulse voltage to the fixed electrode assembly, inducing partial discharge within the bubbles in the electrode gap or at the gas-liquid interface. The resulting oxides are then used to treat the wastewater flowing through this area.

[0004] However, existing plasma wastewater treatment devices generally suffer from low advanced oxidation degradation efficiency. Because the electric field generated by traditional electrodes has a relatively uniform spatial distribution, and the microbubbles inherent in the introduced external gas or wastewater are randomly distributed under fluid shear, it is difficult for the bubble positions to physically coincide with the high-field region between the electrodes. This randomness of the reaction position confines plasma excitation to a localized space, limiting the diffusion range of high-energy electrons. This results in a low collision frequency between high-energy electrons and pollutants in the wastewater, meaning some electrical energy is not converted into effective oxidation reaction energy, thus reducing the overall pollutant degradation efficiency of the system. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problems mentioned in the background art, the first aspect of the present invention provides a dual-powered three-dimensional flow field plasma wastewater treatment device, comprising:

[0006] The reactor shell has a sealed chamber inside for containing fluid, and an inlet and an outlet are respectively provided at both ends of the reactor shell;

[0007] The three-dimensional grid electrode assembly is fixedly installed inside the chamber of the reactor shell and located on the fluid channel between the inlet and the outlet.

[0008] A high-frequency ultrasonic transducer array is installed in an array on the inner wall surface of the reactor shell;

[0009] A conductivity sensor is installed at the water inlet.

[0010] The main control unit and the signal output terminal of the conductivity sensor are electrically connected to the signal input terminal of the main control unit.

[0011] The transient controller's signal acquisition terminal is electrically connected to the three-dimensional grid electrode group;

[0012] The dual-channel independent adjustable high-voltage pulse power supply has its control output terminal connected to the parameter adjustment input terminal of the main control unit, and its trigger output terminal connected to the synchronous trigger terminal of the dual-channel independent adjustable high-voltage pulse power supply. The dual-channel independent adjustable high-voltage pulse power supply has two independent voltage and frequency adjustment circuits, and its power output terminals are electrically connected to different parts of the three-dimensional grid electrode group.

[0013] The dual-powered three-dimensional flow field plasma wastewater treatment device provided in the first aspect of this invention achieves its corresponding functions through the following physical mechanisms and structural configurations:

[0014] The three-dimensional grid electrode assembly consists of vertically arranged positive plates and laterally penetrating negative rods arranged in an orthogonal staggered pattern, with a physical insulating gap maintained between the positive plates and negative rods. The substrates of the positive plates and negative rods are made of titanium metal, with a ruthenium-iridium oxide catalytic coating on the surface. The two outputs of the dual independently adjustable high-voltage pulse power supply are respectively connected between the positive and negative plates and between adjacent positive plates, to construct an orthogonal vector superposition space of longitudinal and transverse electric fields in the spatial intersection region of the positive and negative plates.

[0015] A high-frequency ultrasonic transducer array constructs a three-dimensional acoustic standing wave field in fluid, utilizing acoustic radiation to aggregate microbubbles in wastewater. The driving frequency of the high-frequency ultrasonic transducer array, the propagation speed of sound in the fluid, and the physical spacing between adjacent positive electrodes ensure that the harmonic period of the acoustic standing wave field is consistent with the electrode grid size. Initial phase shift of the sound field is eliminated by limiting the initial physical distance from the ultrasonic emission surface to an odd multiple of a quarter wavelength. The acoustic pressure antinodes of the three-dimensional acoustic standing wave field coincide with the spatial intersection nodes of the positive and negative electrodes in spatial coordinates, achieving spatial anchoring of the microbubbles.

[0016] The transient controller injects a low-voltage AC detection signal with a reference frequency higher than the ultrasonic drive frequency into the electrode circuit. When the microbubble contracts at the spatial intersection node, the nonlinear change in the fluid's equivalent dielectric constant causes high-frequency harmonic distortion in the detection circuit current. The transient controller obtains cavitation characteristics by calculating the amplitude change rate of the high-frequency harmonic components of the transient current, and determines that the microbubble has entered the collapse initiation stage when the distortion change rate reaches its extreme value. The transient controller retrieves the preset physical time constant and the hardware circuit delay time constant, and calculates the difference between the two as the microsecond-level phase delay time. After the microsecond-level phase delay time, the transient controller synchronously triggers the dual-channel independent adjustable high-voltage pulse power supply. The output orthogonal superimposed electric field acts on the gas-liquid interface at the time node when the microbubble is compressed to its minimum volume, reaching and exceeding the breakdown voltage threshold of the gas inside the microbubble, inducing gas ionization and forming a plasma discharge channel; the orthogonal electric field drives electrons to move in a spiral motion in three-dimensional space, increasing the probability of collision between electrons and pollutant molecules.

[0017] The main control unit operates independently of the microsecond-level transient control logic. Based on the impedance deviation between the real-time conductivity of the influent and the reference conductivity fed back by the conductivity sensor, the main control unit calculates and adjusts parameters through its internal proportional-integral-derivative control logic. When the equivalent impedance of the water quality decreases, the main control unit controls the dual-channel independent adjustable high-voltage pulse power supply to reduce the output voltage amplitude and increase the pulse frequency, forcibly limiting the voltage and frequency within the hardware safe output threshold range. This ensures that the input energy of the electrode circuit matches the dielectric state of the fluid, maintaining a stable pulse discharge pattern inside the reactor shell.

[0018] The second aspect of this invention provides a dual-powered three-dimensional flow field plasma wastewater treatment system, comprising a control architecture configured to execute processing and control logic, wherein the specific operation mode is as follows:

[0019] When the system starts up, the wastewater is continuously injected through the inlet, passes through the physical gap between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode rod, and establishes a three-dimensional shear flow field inside the three-dimensional grid electrode group;

[0020] A high-frequency ultrasonic transducer array is driven to radiate ultrasonic waves to construct a three-dimensional acoustic standing wave field, so as to gather and anchor microbubbles in sewage to the spatial intersection node of the electrode through acoustic radiation force.

[0021] By applying a detection signal to the three-dimensional grid electrode group through a transient controller and collecting the feedback transient current, when the extreme value of the high-frequency harmonic distortion characteristic is extracted, it is determined that the microbubble at the spatial intersection node has entered the collapse initiation stage.

[0022] The transient controller executes the set microsecond-level phase delay program. After the timing ends, it sends a synchronous trigger command to the dual-channel independent adjustable high-voltage pulse power supply, which controls the dual-channel independent adjustable high-voltage pulse power supply to synchronously output the first high-voltage pulse and the second high-voltage pulse. An orthogonal superimposed electric field is constructed at the electrode intersection node. The breakdown voltage threshold of the gas inside the microbubble is reached and exceeded at the minimum volume state of the microbubble, which induces gas ionization and forms a plasma discharge channel. The orthogonal electric field drives electrons to make spiral motion in three-dimensional space, which increases the probability of collision between electrons and pollutant molecules, thereby oxidizing and degrading pollutants.

[0023] During the execution of the above-mentioned timing steps, the main control unit operates in parallel based on the conductivity values ​​of the influent water collected by the conductivity sensor, and adjusts the voltage and frequency output parameters of the dual-path independent adjustable high-voltage pulse power supply in a closed loop to maintain a stable pulse discharge state inside the reactor; the treated fluid is discharged through the outlet.

[0024] The present invention, by adopting the above technical solution, can bring the following beneficial effects:

[0025] 1. This invention constructs a three-dimensional acoustic standing wave field by using a high-frequency ultrasonic transducer array and aligns the acoustic pressure wave antinodes with the spatial intersection nodes of the three-dimensional grid electrode group. It uses acoustic radiation force to anchor microbubbles in wastewater at the intersection node positions. At the same time, a dual-path independent adjustable high-voltage pulse power supply drives the longitudinal and transverse electric fields inside the electrodes and causes vector superposition in the intersection node region. This achieves plasma excitation in three-dimensional space, which increases the collision frequency of high-energy electrons with pollutants in wastewater and improves the overall advanced oxidation degradation efficiency of the system.

[0026] 2. This invention applies an AC detection signal to the three-dimensional grid electrode group through a transient controller and collects transient current signals to extract high-frequency harmonic distortion characteristics, induces gas ionization and forms a plasma discharge channel, and drives electrons to make spiral motion in three-dimensional space through orthogonal electric fields, thereby increasing the probability of collision between electrons and pollutant molecules and reducing the breakdown energy consumption of the system.

[0027] 3. This invention extracts the real-time values ​​measured by the conductivity sensor through the main control unit and compares them with the reference values ​​to obtain the impedance deviation. It uses proportional-integral-differential logic to calculate the voltage amplitude and pulse frequency of the dual-channel independent adjustable high-voltage pulse power supply and executes boundary threshold limits. At the same time, it is combined with a three-dimensional grid electrode group with a ruthenium-iridium oxide catalytic coating on the surface to achieve physical matching between the input energy of the electrode circuit and the dielectric state of the sewage, so as to maintain the stable internal pulse discharge mode and ensure the long service life of the core components in a strong oxidizing environment. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the overall structure of the dual-powered three-dimensional flow field plasma wastewater treatment system of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the spatial array arrangement of the three-dimensional grid electrode group of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a circuit block diagram of the collaborative control system and dual-channel pulse power supply of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a microscopic physical diagram illustrating the three-dimensional acoustic standing wave field and the microbubble spatial anchoring mechanism of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 5 This is a flowchart of the macroscopic temporal flow method for multi-physics field collaborative control according to the present invention;

[0033] Figure 6 This is a flowchart of the cavitation feature recognition and microsecond-level phase-controlled dual-drive discharge logic of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 7 This is a flowchart of the macroscopic adaptive amplitude and frequency modulation strategy based on wastewater conductivity according to the present invention.

[0035] In the figure, 10 is the reactor shell; 11 is the inlet; 12 is the outlet; 20 is the main control unit; 30 is the transient controller; 40 is the dual-channel independent adjustable high-voltage pulse power supply; 50 is the high-frequency ultrasonic transducer array; 60 is the three-dimensional grid electrode group; 61 is the positive electrode plate; 62 is the negative electrode rod; and 70 is the conductivity sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] Please refer to the appendix. Figure 1-2 This embodiment provides a dual-powered three-dimensional flow field plasma wastewater treatment device and system. The overall structure and core components of the dual-powered three-dimensional flow field plasma wastewater treatment device are described first. Then, the full-process operation sequence, microscopic action mechanisms, and macroscopic adaptive control strategies of the dual-powered three-dimensional flow field plasma wastewater treatment system are explained in turn. Finally, the comprehensive performance and long service life of the overall structure of the dual-powered three-dimensional flow field plasma wastewater treatment device are verified through experiments. The overall technical solution is complete and feasible.

[0039] The dual-powered three-dimensional flow field plasma wastewater treatment device described in this embodiment mainly includes a reactor shell 10, a main control unit 20, a transient controller 30, a dual-channel independent adjustable high-voltage pulse power supply 40, a high-frequency ultrasonic transducer array 50, a three-dimensional grid electrode group 60, and a conductivity sensor 70. The components are assembled according to a predetermined connection relationship to form a complete treatment and control system.

[0040] The reactor shell 10 has a sealed chamber inside for containing fluid. One end of the reactor shell 10 is provided with an inlet 11 and the other end is provided with an outlet 12, which constitutes the inlet and outlet flow path of sewage. The three-dimensional grid electrode group 60 is fixedly installed inside the chamber of the reactor shell 10 and is located on the fluid channel between the inlet 11 and the outlet 12. It is the core reaction area where plasma discharge and pollutant degradation occur.

[0041] A high-frequency ultrasonic transducer array 50 is arrayed and installed on the inner wall of the reactor shell 10. Its sound wave emitting surface is parallel to the plane where the positive electrode plate 61 is located. It is used to continuously emit high-frequency sound waves into the sewage inside the reactor shell 10 to construct a standing wave field to achieve spatial confinement of microbubbles. The conductivity sensor 70 is set at the inlet 11. Its signal output terminal is electrically connected to the signal input terminal of the main control unit 20. It is used to collect the conductivity parameters of the influent water quality in real time. The control output terminal of the main control unit 20 is connected to the parameter adjustment input terminal of the dual-channel independent adjustable high-voltage pulse power supply 40 to realize closed-loop adjustment of macroscopic discharge parameters.

[0042] The dual-channel independent adjustable high-voltage pulse power supply 40 has two independent voltage and frequency regulation circuits; its first power output terminal is connected to the positive plate 61 and the negative rod 62 respectively, and the second power output terminal is connected between adjacent positive plates 61, which can output two independent high-voltage pulses to construct orthogonal electric fields.

[0043] The signal acquisition terminal of the transient controller 30 is electrically connected to the three-dimensional grid electrode group 60, and is used to inject detection signals into the three-dimensional grid electrode group 60 and acquire transient electrical waveforms in the feedback loop in real time. The trigger output terminal of the transient controller 30 is connected to the synchronous trigger terminal of the dual-channel independent adjustable high-voltage pulse power supply 40, and is used to realize microsecond-level discharge synchronous triggering. The transient controller 30 integrates a signal generation circuit, a high-pass filter, and a fast Fourier transform digital processor. The main control unit 20 and the transient controller 30 are independently set on the physical communication link, and respectively undertake the functions of macroscopic parameter adjustment and microscopic timing control, without interfering with each other.

[0044] The three-dimensional grid electrode group 60 consists of at least two sets of positive electrode plates 61 and multiple negative electrode rods 62, arranged in an orthogonal and staggered spatial configuration.

[0045] The positive electrode plate 61 is arranged perpendicular to the water flow direction inside the reactor shell 10; multiple sets of positive electrode plates 61 are arranged parallel to each other and spaced at a set distance, forming a fluid channel for sewage to flow through between adjacent positive electrode plates 61; the negative electrode rod 62 penetrates the internal space of the reactor shell 10 laterally along a direction perpendicular to the plane where the positive electrode plate 61 is located; the negative electrode rod 62 passes through the fluid channel between adjacent positive electrode plates 61, and the outer surface of the negative electrode rod 62 maintains a physical insulation gap with the side wall of the positive electrode plate 61 to avoid direct contact and short circuit; the positive electrode plate 61 and the negative electrode rod 62 form an orthogonal and interlaced three-dimensional grid structure in spatial distribution; the edge of the three-dimensional grid electrode group 60 is fixed to the inner wall of the reactor shell 10 by insulating support members to ensure structural stability;

[0046] The substrate of the positive electrode plate 61 and the substrate of the negative electrode rod 62 are made of titanium metal material; the surface of the positive electrode plate 61 and the surface of the negative electrode rod 62 are provided with ruthenium iridium oxide catalytic coating. The ruthenium iridium oxide catalytic coating is used to maintain the physical morphology and chemical properties of the three-dimensional grid electrode assembly 60 under strong oxidation environment and improve the service life of the electrode.

[0047] The first power output terminal of the dual-channel independent adjustable high-voltage pulse power supply 40 is connected to the positive electrode plate 61 and the negative electrode rod 62 respectively through wires, providing a potential difference between the positive electrode plate 61 and the negative electrode rod 62 to drive the longitudinal electric field within the orthogonal and interlaced three-dimensional grid structure. The second power output terminal is connected between adjacent positive electrode plates 61 through wires, providing a potential difference between adjacent positive electrode plates 61 to drive the transverse electric field between adjacent positive electrode plates 61. The longitudinal electric field and the transverse electric field are vector superimposed at the spatial intersection node region of the positive electrode plate 61 and the negative electrode rod 62. The superimposed electric field is distributed in three-dimensional space to form a spiral electric field path. The orthogonal and interlaced configuration of the positive electrode plate 61 and the negative electrode rod 62 matches the longitudinal and transverse electric fields, providing a three-dimensional discharge space for high-energy electrons inside the reactor shell 10 and ensuring the three-dimensional diffusion effect of the plasma.

[0048] In this embodiment, during the overall operation of the dual-powered three-dimensional flow field plasma wastewater treatment system, wastewater is continuously injected into the reactor shell 10 through the inlet 11 and flows through the three-dimensional grid electrode group 60 to form a three-dimensional shear flow field. The high-frequency ultrasonic transducer array 50 radiates acoustic energy to construct a three-dimensional acoustic standing wave field, causing microbubbles in the wastewater to accumulate at the electrode intersection nodes. The transient controller 30 detects the loop current waveform in real time, identifies the cavitation bubble collapse initiation signal, and then delays the triggering of the dual-channel high-voltage pulse power supply to output an orthogonal electric field, initiating discharge to degrade pollutants at the moment when the cavitation bubble has the smallest volume. At the same time, the main control unit 20 dynamically adjusts the power supply output parameters according to the influent conductivity to maintain a stable pulse discharge state. The treated wastewater is discharged through the outlet 12.

[0049] Example 2

[0050] Please refer to the appendix. Figure 1-7 Based on Example 1, the following will provide a detailed explanation of the above operation process, from the overall runtime sequence and various micro-level mechanisms to macro-level adaptive control:

[0051] The overall operation of this system follows a fixed macroscopic timing logic, covering the entire process of water intake, acoustic anchoring, cavitation identification, synchronous discharge, macroscopic adjustment, and water effluent. The specific steps are as follows:

[0052] Step S110: Wastewater is continuously injected into the reactor shell 10 through the inlet 11. The wastewater flows into the three-dimensional grid electrode group 60 inside the reactor shell 10. The wastewater passes through the physical gap between the positive electrode plate 61 and the negative electrode rod 62, and a three-dimensional shear flow field is established inside the three-dimensional grid electrode group 60.

[0053] Step S120: The high-frequency ultrasonic transducer array 50 radiates ultrasonic waves into the reactor shell 10. The ultrasonic waves are superimposed inside the reactor shell 10 to form a three-dimensional acoustic standing wave field. Under the action of acoustic radiation force, the microbubbles carried in the sewage move and gather towards the spatial intersection node where the positive electrode plate 61 and the negative electrode rod 62 are located, thus completing the spatial coordinate anchoring of the microbubbles inside the three-dimensional grid electrode group 60.

[0054] S130, the transient controller 30 applies a low-voltage detection signal to the circuit where the three-dimensional grid electrode group 60 is located. The transient controller 30 collects the transient current signal in the detection circuit in real time. The transient controller 30 extracts the high-frequency harmonic distortion characteristics in the transient current signal. When the transient controller 30 detects that the high-frequency harmonic distortion characteristics reach the extreme value, the transient controller 30 determines that the microbubble located at the spatial intersection node has entered the collapse initiation stage.

[0055] In step S140, after determining that the microbubble has entered the collapse initiation stage, the transient controller 30 starts its internal timing. After the set phase delay time, the transient controller 30 sends a synchronization trigger command to the dual-channel independent adjustable high-voltage pulse power supply 40. The dual-channel independent adjustable high-voltage pulse power supply 40 receives the synchronization trigger command. The first power output terminal of the dual-channel independent adjustable high-voltage pulse power supply 40 outputs a first high-voltage pulse between the positive electrode plate 61 and the negative electrode rod 62 to establish a longitudinal pulse electric field. The second power output terminal of the dual-channel independent adjustable high-voltage pulse power supply 40 outputs a second high-voltage pulse between adjacent positive electrode plates 61 to establish a transverse pulse electric field. The longitudinal pulse electric field and the transverse pulse electric field are superimposed at the spatial intersection node of the positive electrode plate 61 and the negative electrode rod 62. At the minimum volume state of the microbubble, the voltage reaches and exceeds the breakdown voltage threshold of the gas inside the microbubble, causing gas ionization and forming a plasma discharge channel. The orthogonal electric field drives electrons to make spiral motion in three-dimensional space, increasing the probability of collision between electrons and pollutant molecules, thereby oxidizing and degrading pollutants.

[0056] In step S150, the main control unit 20 executes the macro-adjustment loop logic in parallel outside the process continuously executed in steps S110 to S140. The main control unit 20 reads the influent water conductivity value collected in real time by the conductivity sensor 70. Based on the influent water conductivity value, the main control unit 20 adjusts the output parameters of the dual-channel independent adjustable high-voltage pulse power supply 40 within the frequency range of 1 kHz to 10 kHz and the voltage range of 5 kV to 30 kV to maintain a stable pulse discharge state inside the reactor shell 10.

[0057] Step S160: The wastewater that has completed the discharge degradation treatment is discharged outside the reactor shell 10 through the outlet 12.

[0058] In steps S110 to S160 above, precise spatial anchoring of microbubbles is a prerequisite for achieving high-efficiency point-to-point discharge. This is achieved by physically constraining the microbubbles through the acoustic radiation force of the three-dimensional acoustic standing wave field. To ensure that the antinodes of the acoustic pressure waves in the three-dimensional acoustic standing wave field are precisely located at the spatial intersection of the positive electrode plate 61 and the negative electrode rod 62 of the three-dimensional grid electrode group 60, the driving frequency of the high-frequency ultrasonic transducer array 50 and the spatial geometric dimensions of the three-dimensional grid electrode group 60 satisfy the following physical constraint model:

[0059] In the formula: This indicates the physical distance between two adjacent positive electrode plates 61 along the water flow direction inside the reactor shell 10, in meters. This represents a positive integer multiplier, used to set the distance between adjacent sound pressure wave antinodes to an integer multiple of half the wavelength. This indicates the propagation speed of high-frequency sound waves in the wastewater medium inside the reactor shell 10, expressed in meters per second. The electrical drive frequency of the high-frequency ultrasonic transducer array 50 is expressed in Hertz.

[0060] Furthermore, the physical spatial distance between the acoustic wave emitting surface of the high-frequency ultrasonic transducer array 50 and the nearest positive electrode plate 61 to the high-frequency ultrasonic transducer array 50 is set by the formula... The calculated odd multiple of a quarter wavelength, i.e. ,in It is a non-negative integer; this initial spatial distance constraint is used to eliminate the initial phase shift of the three-dimensional acoustic standing wave field and ensure that the antinode position and the electrode intersection node are precisely coincident.

[0061] Microbubbles are naturally distributed in the wastewater. The three-dimensional acoustic standing wave field generates an acoustic pressure gradient inside the reactor shell 10. The acoustic pressure gradient exerts an acoustic radiation force on the microbubbles in the wastewater. The acoustic radiation force forces the microbubbles to overcome the fluid resistance of the wastewater and move in the wastewater inside the reactor shell 10. Under the action of the acoustic radiation force, the microbubbles gather towards the acoustic pressure antinode of the three-dimensional acoustic standing wave field. According to the aforementioned physical constraint model and the initial spatial distance constraint, the acoustic pressure antinode of the three-dimensional acoustic standing wave field coincides with the spatial intersection node of the positive electrode plate 61 and the negative electrode rod 62 in spatial coordinates. Therefore, the microbubbles are enriched at the spatial intersection node of the positive electrode plate 61 and the negative electrode rod 62. The high-frequency ultrasonic transducer array 50 continuously maintains the three-dimensional acoustic standing wave field to stably confine the microbubbles at the spatial intersection node position of the positive electrode plate 61 and the negative electrode rod 62, thereby completing the spatial coordinate locking of the microbubbles inside the three-dimensional grid electrode group 60 and providing a reaction carrier for subsequent fixed-point discharge.

[0062] After the microbubbles are spatially anchored, the system needs to accurately capture the start moment of cavitation bubble collapse to provide an accurate time trigger reference for subsequent synchronous high-voltage discharge. This function is achieved by a cavitation identification circuit consisting of a transient controller 30 and a three-dimensional grid electrode group 60. The signal acquisition circuit of the transient controller 30 is connected in parallel with a voltage divider sampling circuit through a high-voltage isolation coupler to the connection line between the dual-channel independent adjustable high-voltage pulse power supply 40 and the three-dimensional grid electrode group 60. The high-voltage isolation coupler is used to cut off the acquisition circuit of the transient controller 30 during the output of high-voltage pulses by the dual-channel independent adjustable high-voltage pulse power supply 40, so that detection and identification can be completed without interfering with the main discharge circuit. The microscopic operation process of the cavitation identification circuit includes the following steps:

[0063] In step S310, the transient controller 30 applies a low-voltage AC detection signal to the positive plate 61 and negative rod 62 of the three-dimensional grid electrode group 60 through the signal generation circuit. The voltage amplitude of the low-voltage AC detection signal is lower than the breakdown voltage threshold of the sewage inside the reactor shell 10 to avoid discharge during the detection process. The reference frequency of the low-voltage AC detection signal is higher than the driving frequency of the high-frequency ultrasonic transducer array 50 to avoid frequency domain interference of acoustic frequency band signals to the electrical detection circuit. The low-voltage AC detection signal forms a closed electrical detection circuit between the positive plate 61 and the negative rod 62. The microbubble is located at the spatial intersection node of the positive plate 61 and the negative rod 62. When the microbubble enters the collapse stage, the gas-liquid interface of the microbubble contracts. The change in the geometric shape of the gas-liquid interface causes a physical abrupt change in the local fluid dielectric constant between the positive plate 61 and the negative rod 62. The physical abrupt change in the fluid dielectric constant further causes a nonlinear change in the equivalent impedance in the electrical detection circuit.

[0064] In step S320, the transient controller 30 acquires the transient current signal in the electrical detection circuit in real time. The transient controller 30 performs high-pass filtering and frequency domain conversion processing on the transient current signal through a high-pass filter and a fast Fourier transform digital processor to separate and extract the high-frequency harmonic components in the transient current signal. The nonlinear change of the equivalent impedance causes the current waveform of the detection circuit to be distorted. This waveform distortion is manifested in the frequency domain as a sudden change in the amplitude of the high-frequency harmonic components.

[0065] In step S330, the transient controller 30 extracts cavitation characteristic signals by calculating the amplitude change rate of high-frequency harmonic components. The mathematical determination model for the transient controller 30 to determine whether a microbubble has entered the initial stage of collapse is as follows:

[0066] In the formula: This represents the rate of change of high-frequency harmonic distortion of a transient current signal, measured in amperes per second. Indicates the sampling time The instantaneous amplitude of the high-frequency harmonic components extracted by the transient controller 30, in amperes. This indicates the sampling time, in seconds.

[0067] Step S340: The transient controller 30 continuously calculates the rate of change of high-frequency harmonic distortion within one monitoring cycle. When the rate of change of high frequency harmonic distortion When the physical extreme value within the current monitoring period is reached, the transient controller 30 determines that the microbubble at the spatial intersection node of the positive electrode plate 61 and the negative electrode rod 62 has reached the collapse initiation point.

[0068] In step S350, the transient controller 30 generates an internal timing reference signal at the time node at which the microbubble reaches the collapse initiation point. The internal timing reference signal serves as a trigger condition to start the delay output program of the transient controller 30 and provides a time zero point for subsequent control of the dual-channel independent adjustable high-voltage pulse power supply 40 to output high-voltage pulses.

[0069] After identifying the starting point, the system achieves precise time synchronization between the dual-path electric field output and the minimum volume state of the cavitation bubble through phase delay compensation. Breakdown is triggered at the moment of lowest dielectric strength, inducing gas ionization and forming a plasma discharge channel to efficiently degrade pollutants. This process is completed collaboratively by the transient controller 30, the dual-path independent adjustable high-voltage pulse power supply 40, and the three-dimensional grid electrode group 60. Its microscopic execution process includes the following steps:

[0070] In step S410, the transient controller 30 starts the arithmetic module according to the internal timing reference signal. The transient controller 30 has an integrated data memory, and the physical time constant is pre-written into the data memory. With hardware loop delay time constant Physical time constant Based on the temperature, viscosity, and gas content parameters of the target wastewater medium, empirical time data is obtained by pre-calibrating acoustic observation equipment in the corresponding operating conditions, which is used to shrink cavitation bubbles from the collapse initiation point to their minimum volume. This data is then dynamically corrected according to actual operating conditions. The hardware loop delay time constant is also considered. For the inherent response delay time data of the dual-channel independent adjustable high-voltage pulse power supply 40 and the electrical transmission line, the transient controller 30 retrieves the physical time constant from the data memory. With hardware loop delay time constant And calculate the phase delay time before the microsecond-level synchronous trigger command output. The mathematical calculation model is as follows: ;in, > ;like If the current operating condition does not meet the synchronization triggering condition, the current triggering cycle will be skipped; where: This indicates the microsecond-level phase delay time set internally by the transient controller 30, in seconds. The physical time constant, expressed in seconds, represents the time from the initial collapse point of a microbubble to the point where its internal gas is adiabatically compressed to its minimum volume. The unit is seconds, which represents the hardware loop delay time constant during the process of establishing an effective high-voltage pulse electric field on the three-dimensional grid electrode group 60 from the output of the synchronous trigger command from the transient controller 30.

[0071] Step S420: The transient controller 30 adjusts the phase delay time to microseconds. The internal timing is executed. After the internal timing ends, the transient controller 30 sends a synchronization trigger command to the synchronization receiver of the dual-channel independent adjustable high-voltage pulse power supply 40.

[0072] Step S430: The dual-channel independent adjustable high-voltage pulse power supply 40 receives a synchronous trigger command. The first power output terminal of the dual-channel independent adjustable high-voltage pulse power supply 40 applies a first high-voltage pulse to the positive plate 61 and the negative rod 62 through a wire. The first high-voltage pulse constructs a longitudinal pulse electric field between the positive plate 61 and the negative rod 62.

[0073] In step S440, the second power output terminal of the dual-channel independent adjustable high-voltage pulse power supply 40 applies a second high-voltage pulse to the adjacent positive plates 61 through a wire. The second high-voltage pulse constructs a transverse pulse electric field between the adjacent positive plates 61. The first high-voltage pulse and the second high-voltage pulse are output synchronously in the time domain.

[0074] In step S450, the longitudinal pulse electric field and the transverse pulse electric field undergo spatial vector superposition at the spatial intersection node of the positive electrode plate 61 and the negative electrode rod 62 within the three-dimensional grid electrode group 60. The vector directions of the longitudinal pulse electric field and the transverse pulse electric field are orthogonal to each other in physical space, with a phase delay time on the order of microseconds. Under the time dimension constraint, the time node when the longitudinal pulse electric field and the transverse pulse electric field superimpose spatial vectors coincides with the time node when the microbubble is adiabatically compressed to the minimum volume state.

[0075] Step S460: When the microbubbles are adiabatically compressed to their minimum volume, the dielectric strength of the fluid inside the microbubbles reaches its physical minimum. The orthogonal superposition of the longitudinal and transverse pulse electric fields breaks through the breakdown voltage threshold of the gas inside the microbubbles. The orthogonal superposition of the electric fields induces gas ionization and forms a plasma discharge channel inside the microbubbles and at the gas-liquid interface. The orthogonal electric field vectors drive electrons to make three-dimensional spiral motion in the wastewater. The moving electrons collide with water molecules and ionize to generate oxide species for degrading wastewater pollutants.

[0076] The aforementioned microsecond-level precise discharge process needs to be matched with the macroscopic changes in the influent water quality to avoid instability in the discharge state due to conductivity fluctuations. The system uses real-time feedback of the influent conductivity to macroscopically close-loop regulate the output amplitude and frequency of the dual power supplies, ensuring that a stable pulse discharge pattern is maintained in the reactor. This strategy is led by the main control unit 20 and runs in parallel with the microscopic timing control of the transient controller 30 without interfering with each other. The specific operation process includes the following steps:

[0077] Step S510: Wastewater continuously flows into reactor shell 10 through inlet 11. Conductivity sensor 70 measures the conductivity value of wastewater at the inlet section and converts the measured conductivity value into an electrical signal and sends it to main control unit 20.

[0078] In step S520, the main control unit 20 extracts the real-time conductivity value from the electrical signal and compares it with the internally stored reference conductivity value to obtain the impedance deviation. The main control unit 20 has a pre-set proportional-integral-derivative control logic. The main control unit 20 inputs the impedance deviation into the proportional-integral-derivative control logic to calculate the target output voltage amplitude and target pulse frequency of the dual-channel independent adjustable high-voltage pulse power supply 40. When the real-time conductivity value increases, causing the fluid equivalent impedance to decrease, the main control unit 20 reduces the target output voltage amplitude and increases the target pulse frequency through the proportional-integral-derivative control logic to prevent the three-dimensional mesh electrode group 60 from experiencing a large current breakdown short circuit.

[0079] In step S530, the main control unit 20 performs a boundary threshold limiting procedure on the calculated target output voltage amplitude and target pulse frequency. The main control unit 20 forcibly limits the effective output range of the target output voltage amplitude to a voltage range of 5 kV to 30 kV and forcibly limits the effective output range of the target pulse frequency to a frequency range of 1 kHz to 10 kHz to avoid the parameters from exceeding the rated operating range of the hardware.

[0080] In step S540, the main control unit 20 sends a dynamic adjustment command containing the target output voltage amplitude and the target pulse frequency to the dual-channel independent adjustable high-voltage pulse power supply 40. The dual-channel independent adjustable high-voltage pulse power supply 40 receives the dynamic adjustment command and updates the voltage envelope peak value and reference operating frequency of the internal power supply module.

[0081] In step S550, the macroscopic amplitude-frequency parameters of the first and second power output terminals of the dual-channel independent adjustable high-voltage pulse power supply 40 change synchronously with the adjustment command of the main control unit 20. The macroscopic parameter adjustment process dominated by the main control unit 20 and the microsecond-level phase-controlled dual-drive discharge logic dominated by the transient controller 30 run in parallel within the system, respectively realizing the functions of steady-state maintenance and precise triggering.

[0082] In step S560, the main control unit 20 executes the above closed-loop adjustment steps to control the input energy of the electrical circuit where the three-dimensional grid electrode group 60 is located to maintain physical matching with the macroscopic dielectric state of the sewage inside the reactor shell 10. The main control unit 20 constrains the discharge intensity of the dual-path independent adjustable high-voltage pulse power supply 40 to ensure that the three-dimensional grid electrode group 60 maintains a stable pulse discharge mode inside the reactor shell 10, thus ensuring the long-term stable operation of the system.

[0083] Example 3

[0084] Please refer to the appendix. Figure 1-7 Based on Examples 1 and 2, the following comparative experiments will verify and illustrate the overall performance of the device from two dimensions: pollutant degradation efficiency and service life of core components. The verification and testing process for overall performance includes the following steps:

[0085] Step S610: Establish a comparative experimental group and a control group. The experimental group uses the dual-powered three-dimensional flow field plasma wastewater treatment system described in this embodiment, while the control group uses a traditional parallel plate plasma device. Polymer wastewater samples with the same initial concentration are injected into both the dual-powered three-dimensional flow field plasma wastewater treatment system and the traditional parallel plate plasma device. The input power parameters of the dual-powered three-dimensional flow field plasma wastewater treatment system and the traditional parallel plate plasma device are adjusted so that the dual-powered three-dimensional flow field plasma wastewater treatment system and the traditional parallel plate plasma device are at the same energy consumption level during operation.

[0086] Step S620: Start the operation and measure the chain-breaking degradation data of polymer wastewater. Under the same energy consumption level, the chain-breaking degradation rate of polymer wastewater by the dual-powered three-dimensional flow field plasma wastewater treatment system is significantly higher than that of the traditional parallel plate plasma device, showing higher energy transfer efficiency and pollutant removal rate. The dual-powered three-dimensional flow field plasma wastewater treatment system constructs an orthogonal superimposed electric field inside the reactor shell 10 through the positive electrode plate 61 and the negative electrode rod 62. The orthogonal superimposed electric field drives high-energy electrons to perform three-dimensional spiral motion, which increases the collision frequency between high-energy electrons and polymer molecules in wastewater, and improves the energy transfer efficiency and pollutant removal rate per unit energy consumption.

[0087] Step S630: Perform long-term life aging test on the core discharge components. The substrate of the positive electrode plate 61 and the substrate of the negative electrode rod 62 of the three-dimensional grid electrode group 60 are both made of titanium. The outer surface of the positive electrode plate 61 and the outer surface of the negative electrode rod 62 are coated with ruthenium iridium oxide catalytic coating. During the operation of the dual-powered three-dimensional flow field plasma sewage treatment system, the discharge process inside the reactor shell 10 generates strong oxidizing species, forming a strong oxidizing environment around the three-dimensional grid electrode group 60.

[0088] Step S640: Record the physical loss data of the electrode material under strong oxidation environment. The ruthenium-iridium oxide catalytic coating protects the titanium substrate of the positive electrode plate 61 and the titanium substrate of the negative electrode rod 62 under strong oxidation environment, preventing oxidation and corrosion of the titanium substrate. The positive electrode plate 61 and the negative electrode rod 62 exhibit excellent corrosion resistance under strong oxidation environment, and their continuous working life is significantly better than that of traditional graphite electrodes, effectively ensuring the long-term stable operation of the system. The dual-power supply three-dimensional flow field plasma sewage treatment system ensures the long-term stability of the core discharge component in the advanced oxidation treatment process of sewage through the above material structure.

Claims

1. A dual-powered, three-dimensional flow field plasma wastewater treatment device, characterized in that, include: The reactor shell (10) has a sealed chamber inside for containing fluid. One end of the reactor shell (10) is provided with an inlet (11) and the other end is provided with an outlet (12). A three-dimensional grid electrode assembly (60) is fixedly disposed inside the chamber of the reactor shell (10) and located on the fluid channel between the inlet (11) and the outlet (12); A high-frequency ultrasonic transducer array (50) is arrayed and installed on the inner wall of the reactor shell (10); a conductivity sensor (70) is disposed at the water inlet (11); The main control unit (20) is electrically connected to the signal input terminal of the conductivity sensor (70). A transient controller (30) is provided, wherein the signal acquisition terminal of the transient controller (30) is electrically connected to the three-dimensional grid electrode group (60); A dual-channel independent adjustable high-voltage pulse power supply (40) is provided. The control output terminal of the main control unit (20) is connected to the parameter adjustment input terminal of the dual-channel independent adjustable high-voltage pulse power supply (40), and the trigger output terminal of the transient controller (30) is connected to the synchronous trigger terminal of the dual-channel independent adjustable high-voltage pulse power supply (40). The dual-channel independent adjustable high-voltage pulse power supply (40) has two independent voltage and frequency adjustment circuits, and its power output terminal is electrically connected to different parts of the three-dimensional grid electrode group (60).

2. The dual-powered three-dimensional flow field plasma wastewater treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The three-dimensional grid electrode assembly (60) consists of at least two sets of positive electrode plates (61) and multiple negative electrode rods (62); the multiple sets of positive electrode plates (61) are arranged vertically along the water flow direction inside the reactor shell (10), parallel to each other and spaced at a set distance, and a fluid channel for sewage to flow through is formed between adjacent positive electrode plates (61); the negative electrode rods (62) penetrate the internal space of the reactor shell (10) in a direction perpendicular to the plane where the positive electrode plates (61) are located, pass through the fluid channel between adjacent positive electrode plates (61), and the outer surface of the negative electrode rods (62) maintains a physical insulation gap with the side wall of the positive electrode plates (61); the positive electrode plates (61) and the negative electrode rods (62) form an orthogonal three-dimensional grid structure in spatial distribution.

3. The dual-powered three-dimensional flow field plasma wastewater treatment device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The substrate of the positive electrode plate (61) and the substrate of the negative electrode rod (62) are both made of titanium metal material; the surface of the positive electrode plate (61) and the surface of the negative electrode rod (62) are both provided with ruthenium iridium oxide catalytic coating, which is used to maintain the stability of physical morphology and chemical properties in a strong oxidizing environment.

4. The dual-powered three-dimensional flow field plasma wastewater treatment device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first power output terminal of the dual-channel independent adjustable high-voltage pulse power supply (40) is connected to the positive plate (61) and the negative rod (62) respectively through wires, and is used to drive the longitudinal electric field inside the orthogonal three-dimensional grid structure. The second power output terminal of the dual-path independent adjustable high-voltage pulse power supply (40) is connected between adjacent positive plates (61) via a wire to drive a transverse electric field between adjacent positive plates (61); the longitudinal electric field and the transverse electric field are vector superimposed in the spatial intersection node region of the positive plate (61) and the negative electrode rod (62) to form a three-dimensional discharge space.

5. The dual-powered three-dimensional flow field plasma wastewater treatment device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The acoustic wave emitting surface of the high-frequency ultrasonic transducer array (50) is parallel to the plane where the positive electrode plate (61) is located, and is used to construct a three-dimensional acoustic standing wave field in the internal space of the reactor shell (10). To ensure that the antinode of the acoustic pressure wave in the three-dimensional acoustic standing wave field is located at the spatial intersection of the positive electrode plate (61) and the negative electrode rod (62), the driving frequency of the high-frequency ultrasonic transducer array (50) and the spatial geometry of the three-dimensional mesh electrode group (60) satisfy the physical constraint model: ； In the formula, This indicates the physical distance between two adjacent positive plates (61) along the direction of water flow. This represents a positive integer multiplier, used to set the distance between adjacent sound pressure wave antinodes to an integer multiple of half the wavelength. This indicates the propagation speed of high-frequency sound waves in wastewater. The electrical drive frequency of the high-frequency ultrasonic transducer array (50) is indicated; the physical spatial distance between the acoustic wave emitting surface of the high-frequency ultrasonic transducer array (50) and its nearest positive electrode plate (61) is set by the formula The calculated odd multiple of a quarter wavelength, i.e. ,in It is a non-negative integer.

6. The dual-powered three-dimensional flow field plasma wastewater treatment device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The transient controller (30) integrates a signal generation circuit, a high-pass filter, and a fast Fourier transform digital processor. The signal acquisition circuit of the transient controller (30) is connected in parallel with the voltage divider sampling circuit through a high-voltage isolation coupler to the connection line between the dual-channel independent adjustable high-voltage pulse power supply (40) and the three-dimensional grid electrode group (60). The high-voltage isolation coupler is used to cut off the acquisition circuit of the transient controller (30) during the output of high-voltage pulses by the dual-channel independent adjustable high-voltage pulse power supply (40). The transient controller (30) applies a low-voltage AC detection signal with a reference frequency higher than the driving frequency of the high-frequency ultrasonic transducer array (50) to the positive plate (61) and the negative rod (62) through a signal generation circuit; the transient controller (30) extracts high-frequency harmonic components by acquiring transient current signals in real time, and calculates the high-frequency harmonic distortion rate. The model for determining whether a microbubble has entered the initial stage of collapse is as follows: In the formula This represents the instantaneous amplitude of the high-frequency harmonic components. Indicates the sampling time.

7. The dual-powered three-dimensional flow field plasma wastewater treatment device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The transient controller (30) integrates a data memory, which is pre-written with a physical time constant. With hardware loop delay time constant ; The transient controller (30) calculates the microsecond-level phase delay time at the time node when determining the time node when the microbubble reaches the collapse initiation point. The mathematical calculation model is as follows: In the formula This represents the phase delay time in microseconds. If the current operating condition does not meet the synchronous triggering conditions, the current triggering cycle will be skipped. The transient controller (30) operates according to a microsecond-level phase delay time. After the timing ends, a synchronous trigger command is sent to the dual-channel independent adjustable high-voltage pulse power supply (40).

8. The dual-powered three-dimensional flow field plasma wastewater treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main control unit (20) has a pre-set proportional-integral-derivative control logic; the main control unit (20) extracts the real-time conductivity value and compares it with the internally stored reference conductivity value to obtain the impedance deviation; the main control unit (20) inputs the impedance deviation into the proportional-integral-derivative control logic to calculate the target output voltage amplitude and target pulse frequency of the dual-channel independent adjustable high-voltage pulse power supply (40); The main control unit (20) forcibly limits the effective output range of the target output voltage amplitude to a voltage range of 5 kV to 30 kV, and forcibly limits the effective output range of the target pulse frequency to a frequency range of 1 kHz to 10 kHz.

9. The dual-powered three-dimensional flow field plasma wastewater treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main control unit (20) and the transient controller (30) are set independently on the physical communication link; the macroscopic parameter adjustment process dominated by the main control unit (20) and the microsecond-level phase-controlled dual-drive discharge logic dominated by the transient controller (30) run in parallel within the system.

10. A dual-powered three-dimensional flow field plasma wastewater treatment system, characterized in that, The system, comprising the dual-powered three-dimensional flow field plasma wastewater treatment apparatus as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, further comprises a control architecture configured to perform the following control logic: When the system is started, the sewage is controlled to be injected through the inlet (11) and a three-dimensional shear flow field is established inside the three-dimensional grid electrode group (60); The high-frequency ultrasonic transducer array (50) is driven to radiate ultrasonic waves to construct a three-dimensional acoustic standing wave field, so as to gather and anchor microbubbles in sewage to the spatial intersection node position through acoustic radiation force. The transient current signal in the detection circuit is collected by the transient controller (30), and when the extreme value of the high frequency harmonic distortion characteristic is extracted, it is determined that the microbubble has entered the collapse initiation stage. The transient controller (30) sends a synchronous trigger command after a set phase delay time to control the dual-channel independent adjustable high-voltage pulse power supply (40) to synchronously output the first high-voltage pulse and the second high-voltage pulse to construct an orthogonal electric field, which reaches and exceeds the breakdown voltage threshold of the gas inside the microbubble, causing gas ionization and forming a plasma discharge channel. Orthogonal electric fields drive electrons to move in a spiral motion in three-dimensional space, increasing the probability of collisions between electrons and pollutant molecules; Furthermore, during the parallel operation of the above discharge process, the main control unit (20) extracts the real-time conductivity value and compares it with the internally stored reference conductivity value to obtain the impedance deviation. The impedance deviation is then input into the proportional-integral-derivative control logic to calculate the target output parameters. The output parameters of the dual-channel independent adjustable high-voltage pulse power supply (40) are adjusted in a closed loop to maintain a stable pulse discharge state.

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