Modular rainwater collection, purification and comprehensive recycling device

Abstract

The application discloses a modular rainwater collecting, purifying, processing and comprehensive recycling device and belongs to the technical field of rainwater purification and utilization. The application discloses a modular rainwater collecting, purifying, processing and comprehensive recycling device and belongs to the technical field of rainwater purification and utilization. The application discloses a modular rainwater collecting, purifying, processing and comprehensive recycling device and belongs to the technical field of rainwater purification and utilization. The application discloses a modular rainwater collecting, purifying, processing and comprehensive recycling device and belongs to the technical field of rainwater purification and utilization. The application discloses a modular rainwater collecting, purifying, processing and comprehensive recycling device and belongs to the technical field of rainwater purification and utilization. The application discloses a modular rainwater collecting, purifying, processing and comprehensive recycling device and belongs to the technical field of rainwater purification and utilization. The application discloses a modular rainwater collecting, purifying, processing and comprehensive recycling device and belongs to the technical field of rainwater purification and utilization. The application discloses a modular rainwater collecting, purifying, processing and comprehensive recycling device and belongs to the technical field of rainwater purification and utilization. The application discloses a modular rainwater collecting, purifying, processing and comprehensive recycling device and belongs to the technical field of rainwater purification and utilization. The application discloses a modular rainwater collecting, purifying, processing and comprehensive recycling device and belongs to the technical field of rainwater purification and utilization. The application discloses a modular rainwater collecting, purifying, processing and comprehensive recycling device and belongs to the technical field of rainwater purification and utilization. The application discloses a modular rainwater collecting, purifying, processing and comprehensive recycling device and belongs to the technical field of rainwater purification and utility

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of rainwater purification and utilization, specifically to a modular rainwater collection, purification, treatment, and comprehensive reuse device. Background Technology

[0002] Urban construction generates a large amount of rainwater runoff from rooftops and sites. Traditional rainwater harvesting and purification equipment often uses a fixed, single filter chamber structure, and the internal water channels and filtration areas cannot be automatically adjusted according to real-time rainfall. Conventional equipment only has a single water flow channel and an independent filter compartment, and rainwater completes the filtration process along a fixed path regardless of the intensity of rainfall. With the popularization of sponge city infrastructure, rainfall varies significantly at different times, and alternating light, moderate, and heavy rains have become the norm. Traditional fixed-structure purification equipment is difficult to adapt to the changing inflow conditions, cannot balance rainwater filtration efficiency and effluent water quality stability, and cannot meet the standards for rainwater recycling for landscaping and site cleaning.

[0003] Existing rainwater purification equipment relies on a single filter chamber to complete all rainwater filtration. In light rain, the water flow is too slow, and prolonged soaking of the filter media by rainwater can easily lead to microbial growth and secondary water pollution. In heavy rain, the rapid water flow penetrates the filter media, resulting in insufficient time for impurity retention and pollutant degradation, leading to significant fluctuations in effluent quality. Conventional equipment lacks a diversion and switching structure in its piping, making it impossible to divide the water inlet channels to adapt to different rainfall volumes. It relies solely on manual operation of pipe valves to adjust the water flow, which is inherently lagging and cannot adapt to real-time changes in rainfall. Traditional filter chambers use fixed partitions, preventing automatic switching between connected states. There is no capacity to expand during peak flow periods during heavy rain, resulting in low overall filter media utilization. Most purification equipment lacks a closed-loop automatic control structure, failing to automatically restore the initial zone filtration state after rainfall decreases, requiring manual resetting of the equipment. This significantly limits its use in unattended outdoor scenarios.

[0004] Therefore, developing a modular rainwater collection and purification device that can intelligently identify rainfall levels, adaptively switch diversion paths, dynamically reorganize purification areas, and possess unattended closed-loop recovery capabilities based on multi-source sensing information has become a critical technological bottleneck that urgently needs to be overcome in the field of rainwater resource utilization. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a modular rainwater collection, purification, treatment, and comprehensive reuse device to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a water storage device, a flow guiding component, a purification component, and an intelligent control unit; the flow guiding component is located below the water storage device and is used to guide the stored rainwater, adaptively adjusting the flow path and flow rate according to the rainfall amount; the purification component is located downstream of the flow guiding component and includes a primary purification zone, a secondary filtration zone, and a final filtration zone separated by a partition, used to provide different input combinations between the primary purification zone, secondary filtration zone, and final filtration zone according to different rainfall conditions, achieving adaptive switching of the purification treatment areas; the intelligent control unit is electrically connected to the electronic control components in the flow guiding component and the purification component, respectively, and is used to receive sensor signals and regulate the working state of the flow guiding component and the purification component, achieving adaptive switching of rainwater flow and purification path;

[0007] As a further preferred embodiment of this technical solution: the flow guiding assembly includes a main flow pipe, a first solenoid valve, a first branch pipe, a second solenoid valve, a spiral pipe, a second branch pipe, and a third solenoid valve; the end of the main flow pipe closest to the water storage device is connected to the first solenoid valve, and the end of the main flow pipe furthest from the water storage device is interconnected with the first branch pipe and the second branch pipe; the end of the first branch pipe closest to the main flow pipe is connected to the second solenoid valve, and the end furthest from the main flow pipe is connected to the spiral pipe; the end of the second branch pipe closest to the water storage device is connected to the third solenoid valve; by independently opening and closing the second and third solenoid valves, precise control of the rainwater flow to the first and second branch pipes can be achieved;

[0008] As a further preferred embodiment of this technical solution: the water storage device is equipped with a liquid level sensor inside, which is used to monitor the rainwater level in the water storage device in real time; the main flow pipe is equipped with a flow sensor inside, which is used to monitor the instantaneous rainwater flow rate through the main flow pipe in real time; both the liquid level sensor and the flow sensor are electrically connected to the intelligent control unit, which is used to transmit the real-time detection signal to the intelligent control unit.

[0009] As a further preferred embodiment of this technical solution: the purification treatment component includes a purification box and a partition fixedly installed inside the purification box. The partition divides the internal space of the purification box into a primary purification zone, a secondary filtration zone, and a final filtration zone in sequence. Each of the primary purification zone, the secondary filtration zone, and the final filtration zone has a water outlet at its bottom. A water outlet is provided on one side of the partition, and water is connected between adjacent purification zones through the water outlet.

[0010] As a further preferred embodiment of this technical solution: the first purification zone, the second filtration zone and the final filtration zone are all filled with the same composite filter media layer, which is composed of granular activated carbon, quartz sand and biological ceramic particles laid from top to bottom, and is used to perform stepwise adsorption, filtration and biodegradation treatment of rainwater.

[0011] As a further preferred embodiment of this technical solution: the flow guiding assembly further includes a protective shell installed on the outside of the purification chamber. An electric push rod is fixedly connected to the inner side of the protective shell. A connecting block is fixedly connected to the telescopic end of the electric push rod. A connecting rod is fixedly connected to the connecting block. The connecting rod slides through a guide groove opened on the purification chamber. Multiple sets of pistons are fixedly connected at intervals to the outer side of the connecting rod. The position of each set of pistons corresponds one-to-one with the water outlets on the partition, which are used to simultaneously block or open each water outlet.

[0012] As a further preferred embodiment of this technical solution: the intelligent control unit uses a programmable logic controller or an embedded microcontroller as its core carrier, and has a built-in signal acquisition module, analog-to-digital conversion module, comparison and calculation module, and instruction output module; the signal acquisition module is used to receive detection signals transmitted by the level sensor and flow sensor, convert them into digital quantities by the analog-to-digital conversion module, and then send them to the comparison and calculation module for processing; the instruction output module is electrically connected to the first solenoid valve, the second solenoid valve, the third solenoid valve, and the electric actuator, respectively, and is used to output control commands;

[0013] As a further preferred embodiment of this technical solution: the comparison calculation module is internally preset with a first liquid level threshold, a second liquid level threshold, a first flow rate threshold, and a second flow rate threshold; after receiving the real-time liquid level and real-time flow rate, the comparison calculation module compares the real-time liquid level with the first liquid level threshold and the second liquid level threshold, and compares the real-time flow rate with the first flow rate threshold and the second flow rate threshold, and comprehensively determines the current rainfall level: when the real-time liquid level is lower than the first liquid level threshold and the real-time flow rate is lower than the first flow rate threshold, it is determined to be a light rain condition; when the real-time liquid level is between the first liquid level threshold and the second liquid level threshold or the real-time flow rate is between the first flow rate threshold and the second flow rate threshold, it is determined to be a moderate rain condition; when the real-time liquid level is higher than the second liquid level threshold or the real-time flow rate is higher than the second flow rate threshold, it is determined to be a heavy rain condition.

[0014] As a further preferred embodiment of this technical solution: when the condition is determined to be light rain, the intelligent control unit opens the first and second solenoid valves and closes the third solenoid valve. Rainwater flows into the primary purification zone through the main flow pipe, the first diversion pipe, and the spiral pipe for purification. When the condition is determined to be moderate rain, the intelligent control unit opens the first, second, and third solenoid valves. Rainwater simultaneously flows into the primary purification zone through the first diversion pipe and into the secondary filtration zone through the second diversion pipe. The primary purification zone and the secondary filtration zone operate in parallel. When the condition is determined to be heavy rain, the intelligent control unit keeps the first, second, and third solenoid valves fully open and simultaneously activates the electric push rod. The electric push rod retracts and drives the connecting rod to pull each set of pistons out of the drain outlet of the partition synchronously, so that the primary purification zone, the secondary filtration zone, and the final filtration zone are interconnected.

[0015] As a further preferred embodiment of this technical solution: the intelligent control unit has a built-in closed-loop feedback correction module, and the electric push rod has a built-in position feedback potentiometer, which is used to transmit the actual stroke signal of the electric push rod back to the intelligent control unit in real time; the intelligent control unit compares the actual stroke with the target stroke, and when the deviation exceeds the preset threshold, it automatically outputs a correction signal for fine adjustment, forming a closed-loop control; when the liquid level sensor detects that the liquid level in the water storage device has fallen below the first liquid level threshold and remains stable for more than a preset time, the intelligent control unit outputs a reverse control command, the electric push rod extends and pushes the piston to re-insert into the water outlet, and the system automatically returns to the initial partition operation state.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0017] 1. Existing technologies can only achieve simple on / off switching of pipelines, maintaining rigid isolation between filter chambers. This invention achieves dynamic reconstruction of the topology of the purification area through precise coordination between multi-channel coordinated switching of electromagnetic valve groups and electric push rod piston linkage mechanism. For light rain, single-zone deep treatment avoids anaerobic contamination of the filter media; for medium rain, dual-zone parallel expansion distributes the load; and for heavy rain, three-zone interconnection both parallel diversion to reduce load and series extension to maintain water quality, thus improving the overall utilization rate of the filter media and completely solving the problems of insufficient purification and inadequate treatment capacity under different rainfall conditions.

[0018] 2. Traditional equipment relies on point-based measurements using a single sensor, and fixed threshold determination methods cannot adapt to the randomness and nonlinearity of rainfall processes. This invention constructs a comprehensive rainfall load index using three heterogeneous signals: liquid level height, instantaneous flow rate, and liquid level change rate. It introduces a fuzzy membership function to characterize the gradual boundary of rainfall levels and incorporates an adaptive threshold online correction mechanism. This allows control parameters to evolve with the site's rainfall characteristics, fundamentally eliminating the adaptability defects of fixed threshold determination methods and achieving accurate online perception of rainfall conditions and strong anti-interference intelligent classification.

[0019] 3. This invention constructs a complete closed-loop control link covering command output, action execution, position feedback, and deviation correction. It employs incremental PID control combined with feedforward compensation and a disturbance observer to provide millimeter-level servo control for the electric actuator, and introduces a finite state machine for full lifecycle condition management. State transitions are equipped with hysteresis protection to avoid frequent switching. After rainfall decays, the system autonomously drives the actuator to reset based on the dual decline in liquid level and flow rate, requiring no manual intervention throughout the process. This propels rainwater purification equipment from the era of manual operation to the era of autonomous intelligence. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a modular rainwater collection, purification, treatment and comprehensive reuse device according to the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2This is an exploded view of the structure of a modular rainwater harvesting, purification, treatment, and integrated reuse device according to the present invention. Figure 1 ;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a modular rainwater collection, purification, treatment and comprehensive reuse device according to the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 This is an exploded view of the structure of a modular rainwater harvesting, purification, treatment, and integrated reuse device according to the present invention. Figure 2 ;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a flowchart of the overall system of a modular rainwater collection, purification, treatment and comprehensive reuse device of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 6 This is a flow chart of the small-rain operation of a modular rainwater collection, purification, treatment and comprehensive reuse device of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 7 This is a flow chart of the medium-rainfall operation of a modular rainwater collection, purification, treatment and comprehensive reuse device of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 8 This is a flowchart of the heavy rain operation of a modular rainwater collection, purification, treatment, and comprehensive reuse device according to the present invention.

[0028] In the diagram: 1. Water storage device; 2. Flow guiding assembly; 21. Main flow pipe; 22. First solenoid valve; 23. First branch pipe; 24. Second solenoid valve; 25. Spiral pipe; 26. Second branch pipe; 27. Third solenoid valve; 28. Protective shell; 29. ​​Electric push rod; 210. Connecting block; 211. Connecting rod; 212. Piston; 3. Purification treatment assembly; 31. Purification chamber; 32. Partition; 33. First purification zone; 34. Secondary filtration zone; 35. Final filtration zone. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] Example

[0031] Please see Figures 1-8 This is a schematic diagram of some embodiments of a modular rainwater harvesting, purification, and integrated reuse device used in this application.

[0032] The system includes a water storage device 1, a flow guiding component 2, a purification and treatment component 3, and an intelligent control unit 4. The water storage device 1 is located at the highest point of the system, with a rainwater collection port at the top and a tapered converging structure at the bottom that connects to the main flow pipe 21. The flow guiding component 2 is located below the water storage device 1 on one side, and the purification and treatment component 3 is located downstream of the flow guiding component 2. The intelligent control unit 4 is electrically connected to the electrical control components in both the flow guiding component 2 and the purification and treatment component 3.

[0033] The flow guiding assembly 2 includes a main flow pipe 21, a first solenoid valve 22, a first branch flow pipe 23, a second solenoid valve 24, a spiral pipe 25, a second branch flow pipe 26, and a third solenoid valve 27. The first solenoid valve 22 is connected to the end of the main flow pipe 21 closest to the water storage device 1. This first solenoid valve 22 serves as the main control switch, with a rated voltage of DC 24V and a protection rating of not less than IP65. The end of the main flow pipe 21 furthest from the water storage device 1 is interconnected with the first branch flow pipe 23 and the second branch flow pipe 26.

[0034] The first diversion pipe 23 is connected to a second solenoid valve 24 at its end near the main pipe 21, and a spiral pipe 25 is connected to its end away from the main pipe 21 via a flange or clamp. The spiral pipe 25 is made of PVC or PPR material, and multiple rows of water outlet holes with a diameter of 3-8mm are evenly opened along the axial direction on the lower side of its pipe wall. The opening direction of the water outlet holes makes an angle of 30°-60° with the vertical direction to ensure that rainwater can be evenly sprinkled in an umbrella-like or curtain-like pattern. The second diversion pipe 26 is connected to a third solenoid valve 27 at its end near the water storage device 1. By independently opening and closing the second solenoid valve 24 and the third solenoid valve 27, the flow of rainwater to the first diversion pipe 23 and the second diversion pipe 26 can be precisely controlled.

[0035] The main flow pipe 21 is internally equipped with a flow sensor, preferably a turbine or ultrasonic type, with a detection response time of no more than 0.5s, a flow detection range of 0.1-15m³ / h, and an accuracy class of ±1.0%FS. The water storage device 1 is internally equipped with a level sensor, preferably a hydrostatic or capacitive level gauge, with a detection range of 0-5m and an output signal type of 4-20mA standard analog current signal. Both the flow sensor and the level sensor are electrically connected to the intelligent control unit 4 via shielded cables to transmit the level and flow signals to the intelligent control unit 4 in real time.

[0036] The purification treatment component 3 includes a purification chamber 31, which is made of stainless steel or reinforced fiberglass. At least two vertically arranged partitions 32 are fixedly installed inside the chamber. The partitions 32 divide the internal space of the purification chamber 31 into a primary purification zone 33, a secondary filtration zone 34, and a final filtration zone 35 along the horizontal water flow direction. Each of the primary purification zone 33, secondary filtration zone 34, and final filtration zone 35 has an independent outlet at its bottom, and each outlet is equipped with a filter screen or filter head to prevent filter media loss. A water outlet is located on the upper or middle part of one side of the partition 32, allowing water to flow between adjacent purification zones.

[0037] The primary purification zone 33, secondary filtration zone 34, and final filtration zone 35 are all filled with the same composite filter media layer. The composite filter media layer is composed of granular activated carbon, quartz sand, and bio-ceramic particles laid from top to bottom, and is used to perform step-by-step adsorption, filtration, and biodegradation treatment of rainwater.

[0038] The flow guiding assembly 2 also includes a protective shell 28 installed on the outer wall of the purification chamber 31. The protective shell 28 is a metal stamping part or an engineering plastic part with an internal cavity. Two sets of protective shells 28 are provided and symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the purification chamber 31. An electric push rod 29 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the protective shell 28. The electric push rod 29 is a DC brushless micro electric push rod with a rated thrust of 50-200N, a stroke of 30-80mm, an action response time of no more than 0.2s, and a built-in position feedback potentiometer that can provide real-time feedback on the extension length of the push rod.

[0039] A connecting block 210 is fixedly connected to the telescopic end of the electric push rod 29, and a connecting rod 211 is horizontally fixedly connected to the connecting block 210. The connecting rod 211 slides through a guide groove opened on the side wall of the purification chamber 31. A guide rod is fixedly installed in the guide groove. One end of the connecting rod 211 slides with the guide rod through a linear bearing or a wear-resistant bushing to ensure that the connecting rod 211 does not sway radially during reciprocating motion. Multiple sets of pistons 212 are fixedly connected at intervals to the outer side wall of the connecting rod 211. The pistons 212 are made of oil-resistant and weather-resistant nitrile rubber or fluororubber. Their outer diameter forms an interference fit with the inner diameter of the water outlet on the partition 32, with an interference amount of 0.5-1.5mm, to achieve complete sealing when the piston 212 is inserted into the water outlet. A rigid rubber skeleton is vulcanized at the connection between the piston 212 and the connecting rod 211 to ensure uniform transmission of thrust.

[0040] The intelligent control unit 4, using a programmable logic controller or embedded microcontroller as its core, is fixedly installed inside an electrically sealed enclosure outside the protective housing 28. The intelligent control unit 4 integrates a signal acquisition module, an analog-to-digital converter module, a comparison and calculation module, and an instruction output module. The signal acquisition module receives 4-20mA current signals transmitted from the level sensor and pulse or current signals transmitted from the flow sensor via shielded cables. After being converted into digital quantities by the analog-to-digital converter module, these signals are sent to the comparison and calculation module for processing.

[0041] The comparison calculation module has preset first liquid level threshold H1, second liquid level threshold H2, first flow rate threshold Q1, and second flow rate threshold Q2. Among them, H1 is 25%-35% of the total height of the water storage device 1, and H2 is 65%-75% of the total height; Q1 is 30%-40% of the maximum flow capacity of the main flow pipe 21, and Q2 is 65%-75% of the maximum flow capacity.

[0042] To achieve robust identification of rainfall conditions, the comparison and calculation module constructs a comprehensive rainfall load index R, and weights and fuses the normalized values ​​of liquid level, flow rate, and liquid level change rate:

[0043] ;

[0044] In the formula, The maximum liquid level is designed for water storage device 1. The maximum current carrying capacity of the main flow pipe 21 The historical maximum liquid level change rate is represented by α, β, and γ, which are adaptive weighting coefficients satisfying α + β + γ = 1. Initial values ​​can be taken as 0.4, 0.4, and 0.2, respectively. Liquid level change rate. Estimated using first-order backward difference:

[0045] ;

[0046] in: Let be the liquid level value at the k-th sampling time; Let be the liquid level value at the (k-1)th sampling time; This represents the time interval between two samples.

[0047] The comparison operation module introduces the concept of a fuzzy boundary layer, using the membership degrees of light rain and moderate rain to characterize the gradual boundary of rainfall levels, avoiding frequent actuator actions caused by hard switching. The comprehensive judgment logic is as follows: when R is less than R1, it is judged as a light rain condition; when R is between R1 and R2, it is judged as a moderate rain condition; when R is greater than or equal to R2, it is judged as a heavy rain condition. Among them, R1 and R2 are comprehensive index thresholds, determined by calibration experiments.

[0048] Membership degree of light rain Membership degree with moderate rain For example, using the triangular membership function:

[0049] ;

[0050] The boundary half-width (taken as 0.05~0.1). , The initial values ​​were determined through a calibration experiment: the average comprehensive index was measured after 30 minutes of continuous operation under standard light rain intensity. Initial value; the average comprehensive index was measured after 30 minutes of continuous operation under standard heavy rain intensity. Initial value.

[0051] During system operation, the self-learning module corrects the threshold online based on historical operating data. The actual hydraulic load v of the filter media layer is defined as: ;

[0052] In the formula, A is the cross-sectional area of ​​the filter media layer, and ε is the porosity of the filter media. When v deviates from the optimal design load range for N consecutive cycles, the threshold fine-tuning mechanism is triggered, enabling the system to memorize the site rainfall characteristics and achieve localized self-tuning of control parameters.

[0053] When the condition is determined to be light rain, the intelligent control unit 4 outputs a control command to open the first solenoid valve 22 and the second solenoid valve 24, close the third solenoid valve 27, and keep the electric push rod 29 in its extended state, i.e., the piston 212 is fully inserted into the water outlet, blocking the connecting channels of each zone. At this time, rainwater enters the spiral pipe 25 through the main pipe 21 and the first diversion pipe 23, and is evenly sprayed into the first purification zone 33 through the water outlet at the bottom of the spiral pipe 25. After adsorption and purification are completed in the first purification zone 33, it is discharged through the water outlet at its bottom.

[0054] When the condition is determined to be moderate rain, the intelligent control unit 4 outputs a control command to keep the first solenoid valve 22 open and open the second solenoid valve 24 and the third solenoid valve 27. At this time, rainwater enters the first diversion pipe 23 and the second diversion pipe 26 simultaneously after passing through the main pipe 21. One path enters the primary purification zone 33 through the spiral pipe 25, and the other path directly enters the secondary filtration zone 34. The primary purification zone 33 and the secondary filtration zone 34 operate in parallel and share the purification load.

[0055] When a heavy rain condition is detected, the intelligent control unit 4 outputs a control command to keep the first solenoid valve 22, the second solenoid valve 24, and the third solenoid valve 27 fully open, while simultaneously outputting a start signal to the electric push rod 29. The electric push rod 29 retracts, driving the connecting block 210 and the connecting rod 211 to move towards the protective shell 28. Simultaneously, the connecting rod 211 drives all pistons 212 to be completely pulled out of the water outlet of the partition 32. At this time, the primary purification zone 33, the secondary filtration zone 34, and the final filtration zone 35 are interconnected, allowing rainwater to flow freely within the three zones. The effective working volume and filtration area of ​​the entire purification chamber 31 reach their maximum, thereby distributing the peak inflow rate and preventing excessive load on any single zone.

[0056] Under heavy rain conditions, the retraction stroke L of the electric actuator 29 and the actual opening area S of the water outlet satisfy the following quantitative relationship: ;

[0057] In the formula, Let be the initial opening area of ​​the water outlet, and k be the area-to-stroke ratio coefficient determined by the geometry of the water outlet. This represents the time constant of the mechanical system. This formula provides a quantitative basis for the stepless adjustment of the opening degree within the controller.

[0058] The intelligent control unit 4 also has a built-in closed-loop feedback correction module, which uses an incremental PID algorithm to perform precise servo control on the stroke of the electric actuator 29. The stroke deviation e is defined as the difference between the reference stroke Lref and the actual stroke Lact, then the control output is:

[0059] ;

[0060] In the formula, For PID parameters, For feedforward gain, This represents the change in the rainfall load index. The introduction of the feedforward term enables the system to respond to changes in rainfall in advance, significantly reducing tracking lag. In addition, the system incorporates a disturbance observer to estimate and compensate for resistance disturbances caused by filter media clogging online, ensuring that control accuracy does not decrease over long-term operation.

[0061] After the electric push rod 29 reaches its position, the position feedback potentiometer sends the actual travel signal back to the intelligent control unit 4. The intelligent control unit 4 compares the actual travel with the target travel. When the deviation exceeds a preset threshold, it automatically outputs a correction signal for fine-tuning, ensuring that the opening area of ​​the water outlet is precisely matched with the current rainfall level, thus forming a closed-loop control link of command, action, feedback, and correction.

[0062] The intelligent control unit 4 uses a finite state machine for operating condition management. The defined state set includes four states: standby, light rain, moderate rain, and heavy rain. The state transition conditions are jointly determined by the comprehensive rainfall load index and the hysteresis band, effectively avoiding frequent switching at the threshold boundary.

[0063] When the level sensor detects that the liquid level in the water storage device 1 has fallen below H1 and remains stable for more than the preset hysteresis time, the intelligent control unit 4 determines that the rainfall has decreased and outputs a reverse control command. The electric push rod 29 extends and pushes the piston 212 to re-insert into the water outlet. The system automatically returns to the initial partition operation state, avoiding unnecessary energy consumption and extending the service life of the electric push rod 29 and the solenoid valve.

[0064] Working principle:

[0065] After the system is powered on, the level sensor and flow sensor collect the real-time level signal H in the water storage device 1 and the instantaneous flow signal Q in the main flow pipe 21, respectively, and transmit the analog signals to the signal acquisition module of the intelligent control unit 4. After analog-to-digital conversion, the signals are sent to the comparison and calculation module. The comparison and calculation module compares H with H1 and H2, and Q with Q1 and Q2, and calculates the comprehensive rainfall load index R to comprehensively determine the current rainfall level.

[0066] If the rain is determined to be light, the control unit only opens the first solenoid valve 22 and the second solenoid valve 24, allowing rainwater to flow only through the primary purification zone 33, achieving single-stage purification. If the rain is determined to be moderate, the control unit simultaneously opens the second solenoid valve 24 and the third solenoid valve 27, allowing water to enter both the primary purification zone 33 and the secondary filtration zone 34 simultaneously, achieving parallel purification in both zones and effectively doubling the treatment capacity. If the rain is determined to be heavy, the control unit not only fully opens all solenoid valves but also drives the electric push rod 29 to retract, pulling out the piston 212 of the partition 32, thus connecting all three purification zones and maximizing the purification volume and area. During the entire heavy rain purification process, untreated rainwater in the primary purification zone 33 can flow into the secondary filtration zone 34 through the outlet, and then from the secondary filtration zone 34 into the final filtration zone 35, forming a series flow path, extending the overall purification process, and ensuring that the effluent water quality consistently meets standards.

[0067] When the rainfall gradually decreases from heavy rain to moderate or light rain, the control unit automatically performs a reverse switching action based on the real-time liquid level and flow rate signals. The electric push rod 29 extends, the piston 212 re-seals the water outlet, and the system returns to the corresponding low rainfall operation mode, realizing fully automatic and adaptive intelligent control under all operating conditions.

[0068] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0069] The present invention and its embodiments have been described above. This description is not restrictive, and the accompanying drawings are only one embodiment of the invention; the actual structure is not limited thereto. In conclusion, if those skilled in the art, inspired by this description, design similar structures and embodiments without departing from the spirit of the invention, such designs should fall within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0070] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A modular rainwater harvesting, purification, treatment, and comprehensive reuse device, characterized in that: The system includes a water storage device, a flow guiding component, a purification treatment component, and an intelligent control unit. The flow guiding component is located below the water storage device and is used to guide the stored rainwater, adaptively adjusting the flow path and flow rate according to the rainfall amount. The purification treatment component is located downstream of the flow guiding component and includes a primary purification zone, a secondary filtration zone, and a final filtration zone separated by a partition. It is used to provide different input combinations between the primary purification zone, secondary filtration zone, and final filtration zone according to different rainfall conditions, realizing adaptive switching of the purification treatment area. The intelligent control unit is electrically connected to the electronic control components in the flow guiding component and the purification treatment component, respectively, and is used to receive sensor signals and regulate the working state of the flow guiding component and the purification treatment component, realizing adaptive switching of rainwater flow and purification path.

2. The modular rainwater harvesting, purification, and comprehensive reuse device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flow guiding assembly includes a main flow pipe, a first solenoid valve, a first branch pipe, a second solenoid valve, a spiral pipe, a second branch pipe, and a third solenoid valve. The first solenoid valve is connected to the end of the main flow pipe closest to the water storage device, and the end of the main flow pipe furthest from the water storage device is interconnected with the first branch pipe and the second branch pipe. The second solenoid valve is connected to the end of the first branch pipe closest to the main flow pipe, and the spiral pipe is connected to the end of the first branch pipe furthest from the main flow pipe. The third solenoid valve is connected to the end of the second branch pipe closest to the water storage device. By independently opening and closing the second and third solenoid valves, precise control of the rainwater flow to the first and second branch pipes can be achieved.

3. The modular rainwater harvesting, purification, and comprehensive reuse device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The water storage device is equipped with a liquid level sensor to monitor the rainwater level in the storage device in real time; the main flow pipe is equipped with a flow sensor to monitor the instantaneous rainwater flow rate through the main flow pipe in real time; both the liquid level sensor and the flow sensor are electrically connected to the intelligent control unit to transmit the real-time detection signal to the intelligent control unit.

4. The modular rainwater harvesting, purification, treatment, and comprehensive reuse device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The purification treatment component includes a purification box and a partition fixedly installed inside the purification box. The partition divides the internal space of the purification box into a primary purification zone, a secondary filtration zone, and a final filtration zone. Each of the primary purification zone, secondary filtration zone, and final filtration zone has a water outlet at its bottom. A water outlet is provided on one side of the partition, and water is connected between adjacent purification zones through the water outlet.

5. The modular rainwater harvesting, purification, treatment, and comprehensive reuse device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The primary purification zone, secondary filtration zone, and final filtration zone are all filled with the same composite filter media layer, which is composed of granular activated carbon, quartz sand, and bio-ceramic particles laid from top to bottom, and is used to perform step-by-step adsorption, filtration, and biodegradation treatment of rainwater.

6. The modular rainwater harvesting, purification, treatment, and comprehensive reuse device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The flow guiding assembly also includes a protective shell installed on the outside of the purification chamber. An electric push rod is fixedly connected to the inner side of the protective shell. A connecting block is fixedly connected to the telescopic end of the electric push rod. A connecting rod is fixedly connected to the connecting block. The connecting rod slides through a guide groove opened on the purification chamber. Multiple sets of pistons are fixedly connected at intervals to the outer side of the connecting rod. The position of each set of pistons corresponds one-to-one with the water outlets on the partition, which are used to simultaneously block or open each water outlet.

7. The modular rainwater harvesting, purification, treatment, and comprehensive reuse device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The intelligent control unit uses a programmable logic controller or an embedded microcontroller as its core carrier and has a built-in signal acquisition module, analog-to-digital conversion module, comparison and calculation module, and instruction output module. The signal acquisition module is used to receive detection signals transmitted by the level sensor and flow sensor, convert them into digital quantities by the analog-to-digital conversion module, and then send them to the comparison and calculation module for processing. The instruction output module is electrically connected to the first solenoid valve, the second solenoid valve, the third solenoid valve, and the electric actuator, respectively, and is used to output control commands.

8. The modular rainwater harvesting, purification, treatment, and comprehensive reuse device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The comparison calculation module is internally preset with a first liquid level threshold, a second liquid level threshold, a first flow rate threshold, and a second flow rate threshold. After receiving the real-time liquid level and real-time flow rate, the comparison calculation module compares the real-time liquid level with the first liquid level threshold and the second liquid level threshold, and compares the real-time flow rate with the first flow rate threshold and the second flow rate threshold, and comprehensively determines the current rainfall level: when the real-time liquid level is lower than the first liquid level threshold and the real-time flow rate is lower than the first flow rate threshold, it is determined to be a light rain condition; when the real-time liquid level is between the first liquid level threshold and the second liquid level threshold, or the real-time flow rate is between the first flow rate threshold and the second flow rate threshold, it is determined to be a moderate rain condition; when the real-time liquid level is higher than the second liquid level threshold, or the real-time flow rate is higher than the second flow rate threshold, it is determined to be a heavy rain condition.

9. A modular rainwater harvesting, purification, treatment, and comprehensive reuse device according to claim 8, characterized in that: When the condition is determined to be light rain, the intelligent control unit opens the first and second solenoid valves and closes the third solenoid valve. Rainwater flows into the primary purification zone through the main pipe, the first diversion pipe, and the spiral pipe for purification. When the condition is determined to be moderate rain, the intelligent control unit opens the first, second, and third solenoid valves. Rainwater simultaneously flows into the primary purification zone through the first diversion pipe and into the secondary filtration zone through the second diversion pipe. The primary purification zone and the secondary filtration zone operate in parallel. When the condition is determined to be heavy rain, the intelligent control unit keeps the first, second, and third solenoid valves fully open and simultaneously activates the electric push rod. The electric push rod retracts and drives the connecting rod to pull each set of pistons out of the drain outlet of the partition synchronously, so that the primary purification zone, the secondary filtration zone, and the final filtration zone are interconnected.

10. A modular rainwater harvesting, purification, treatment, and comprehensive reuse device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The intelligent control unit has a built-in closed-loop feedback correction module, and the electric push rod has a built-in position feedback potentiometer, which is used to transmit the actual stroke signal of the electric push rod back to the intelligent control unit in real time. The intelligent control unit compares the actual stroke with the target stroke, and when the deviation exceeds the preset threshold, it automatically outputs a correction signal for fine adjustment, forming a closed-loop control. When the liquid level sensor detects that the liquid level in the water storage device has fallen below the first liquid level threshold and has remained stable for more than a preset time, the intelligent control unit outputs a reverse control command, the electric push rod extends and pushes the piston to re-insert into the water outlet, and the system automatically returns to the initial partition operation state.

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