Sewage treatment device and integrated sewage in-situ purification system

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of domestic sewage treatment, and particularly discloses a sewage treatment device and an integrated sewage in-situ purification system. The sewage treatment device comprises a shell, a pretreatment unit, a biological treatment unit and a sludge discharge system arranged in the shell. The biological treatment unit comprises a plurality of treatment zones and at least one transition zone which are sequentially connected and separated by flow guide members into alternating zigzag channels. The biological treatment unit is also provided with an aeration system, and the aeration pipeline of the aeration system extends into the treatment zones and the transition zone. The sludge discharge system comprises a gas-lift sludge discharge pipe, the gas inlet end of which is connected to the gas source assembly of the aeration system, and the gas outlet end extends to the bottom of the pretreatment unit. Compared with the prior art, the sewage treatment device provided by the present application can improve the mass transfer efficiency by optimizing the hydraulic flow state, reduce the operation energy consumption by using the gas path collaborative design, and is easy to maintain. Moreover, the integrated sewage in-situ purification system provided by the present application can effectively adapt to the low-temperature climate conditions in cold regions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of domestic sewage treatment technology, specifically to a sewage treatment device and an integrated in-situ sewage purification system. Background Technology

[0002] With the improvement of living standards and the gradual popularization of sanitation facilities in rural areas, the discharge of domestic sewage is increasing day by day. Rural domestic sewage mainly includes black water (toilet wastewater) and grey water (kitchen, bathing, and laundry wastewater), of which grey water accounts for 60% to 70% of the total domestic sewage. It is characterized by relatively low concentration of organic pollutants, absence of pathogenic microorganisms, and ease of treatment and reuse. In the field of decentralized sewage treatment, small-scale integrated sewage treatment equipment is widely used due to its small footprint and convenient installation.

[0003] However, existing small integrated devices often have the following technical problems in practical applications:

[0004] On the one hand, the hydraulic flow pattern inside the biological treatment unit is difficult to optimize due to the limited tank size. Traditional equipment often adopts horizontal flow or unidirectional flow, which can easily lead to short-circuiting or stratification dead zones in the limited tank space. This results in low mass transfer efficiency between the biological packing and the sewage, insufficient volume utilization, and unstable treatment effect.

[0005] On the other hand, in order to maintain the dissolved oxygen concentration in the aerobic zone and achieve the sludge removal function in the sedimentation zone, existing equipment usually requires separate aeration power equipment and sludge removal power equipment, or uses a complex pipeline system for air distribution. The configuration of multiple power equipment not only increases manufacturing costs and space occupation, but also increases the complexity of pipeline layout and potential mechanical failure points, resulting in high energy consumption and complex maintenance of the equipment.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a wastewater treatment device that can optimize internal hydraulic flow, improve mass transfer efficiency, and reduce operating energy consumption. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of the problems of poor internal hydraulic flow, low mass transfer efficiency and high operating energy consumption of existing small integrated sewage treatment equipment, this application provides a sewage treatment device and an integrated in-situ sewage purification system.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solution:

[0009] A wastewater treatment device includes a shell, and a pretreatment unit, a biological treatment unit, and a sludge discharge system disposed within the shell;

[0010] The biological processing unit includes multiple processing zones and at least one transition zone, wherein the processing zones and the transition zone are sequentially connected.

[0011] The biological treatment unit is equipped with a flow guiding component, which divides the treatment zone and the transition zone into alternating upper and lower baffle channels;

[0012] The biological treatment unit is also equipped with an aeration system, which includes an air source component and an aeration pipeline, the aeration pipeline extending into the treatment zone and the transition zone;

[0013] The sludge removal system includes an air-lift sludge removal pipe, the air inlet of which is connected to the air source component, and the air outlet of which extends to the bottom of the pretreatment unit.

[0014] The above-mentioned scheme creates alternating up-and-down baffle channels by setting up flow guiding components within the biological treatment unit, forcing the water flow to turn and revert multiple times within the limited tank space. This effectively extends the actual hydraulic retention time, avoids short-circuiting, and significantly improves the contact mass transfer efficiency between wastewater and biological packing. Simultaneously, introducing a transition zone between treatment zones, along with aeration pipes extending to the transition zone, creates a dissolved oxygen gradient buffer zone between adjacent functional areas. This prevents high dissolved oxygen mixtures from directly impacting the subsequent anoxic environment, ensuring the stability of nitrogen and phosphorus removal. Furthermore, the sludge removal system's airlift sludge pipe is directly connected to the aeration system's air source component, achieving a shared air source design for aeration and sludge removal functions. This simplifies power equipment configuration and reduces overall operating energy consumption and maintenance costs.

[0015] Preferably, the treatment zone includes an anaerobic zone, an aerobic zone, and an anoxic zone connected in sequence; the transition zone includes a first transition zone and a second transition zone; the anaerobic zone is connected to the first transition zone, the first transition zone is connected to the aerobic zone, the aerobic zone is connected to the second transition zone, and the second transition zone is connected to the anoxic zone.

[0016] This preferred scheme constructs a complete "anaerobic-transition-aerobic-transition-anoxic" multi-level treatment chain by clearly defining the specific topological connection sequence of the anaerobic zone, aerobic zone, anoxic zone, and two transition zones. This makes each functional zone relatively independent yet organically connected. In particular, the location of the transition zone is precisely matched to the interface region where dissolved oxygen changes drastically, further enhancing the ability to precisely control the biochemical reaction environment.

[0017] Preferably, the flow guiding component is a baffle plate; the anaerobic zone and the first transition zone are connected by a first water passage hole at the bottom; the first transition zone and the aerobic zone are connected by a second water passage hole at the top; the aerobic zone and the second transition zone are connected by a third water passage hole at the bottom; and the second transition zone and the anoxic zone are connected by a fourth water passage hole at the top.

[0018] This preferred solution concretizes the flow guiding component into a baffle plate and limits the water passage holes between each zone to an alternating "bottom-top-bottom-top" arrangement, forcing the water flow to form an S-shaped baffle path in the vertical direction. This maximizes the use of the vertical space of the tank, eliminates dead zones in the horizontal flow state, and ensures uniform fluidization and full contact of the suspended biological packing throughout the entire cross-section.

[0019] Preferably, the aeration pipeline includes a main air pipe and multiple branch air pipes, the branch air pipes extending into the treatment zone and the transition zone respectively, and the branch air pipes extending into the transition zone are equipped with independent control valves; the sludge discharge system also includes an air pipe, one end of which is connected to the air source component, and the other end is connected to the air inlet of the air-lift sludge discharge pipe.

[0020] This preferred solution achieves individual adjustment of the aeration rate in the transition zone by setting an independent control valve on the branch air pipe in the transition zone. It can flexibly control the dissolved oxygen level in the transition zone according to the fluctuation of the influent water quality, avoiding over-aeration that will damage the subsequent anoxic environment or under-aeration that will lead to sludge deposition. At the same time, the air pipe directly connects the air source component to the air lift sludge discharge pipe, forming a simple and reliable air lift power transmission path. There is no need to configure an additional sludge discharge air pump, which further reduces hardware costs and failure rate.

[0021] Preferably, the air source component is an electromagnetic air pump; the end of the aeration pipeline is a microporous aeration pipe; the nominal diameter of the air lift sludge discharge pipe is 20~25mm, the nominal diameter of the air pipe is 15~20mm, and the power range of the electromagnetic air pump is 15~40W.

[0022] This preferred solution uses an electromagnetic air pump as the unified air source, which features small size, low noise, and high energy efficiency, making it suitable for the low power consumption requirements of miniaturized equipment. The microporous aeration pipe can generate fine bubbles, improving oxygen transfer efficiency. By limiting the diameter range of the air lift sludge discharge pipe and the air pipe, sufficient air lift lifting force and aeration oxygen supply are ensured, while avoiding the waste of air volume caused by excessively large pipes or the risk of blockage caused by excessively small pipes, thus achieving the optimal matching of parameters of the air circuit system.

[0023] Preferably, the anaerobic zone, the aerobic zone, the anoxic zone, the first transition zone, and the second transition zone are all filled with suspended biological packing material.

[0024] This preferred scheme, by filling all functional zones, including the transition zone, with suspended biological fillers, not only increases the total biomass of the entire system, but more importantly, it enables the transition zone to become a biofilm attachment carrier, transforming it from a hydraulic buffer channel into a functional extension zone with biochemical activity. This helps to smooth the impact of dissolved oxygen fluctuations on the microbial community and enhances the system's resistance to load shocks.

[0025] Preferably, the suspended biological packing material is a polyurethane sponge packing material or a polyethylene suspended ball packing material; the filling rate of the suspended biological packing material is 40-60%.

[0026] This preferred solution uses polyurethane sponge or polyethylene suspended balls as filler material, which has both high specific surface area and good hydrophilicity, which is conducive to the rapid biofilm formation of microorganisms. The filling rate is controlled in the range of 40% to 60%, which not only ensures sufficient space for biofilm growth, but also reserves enough pores for water and air flow, preventing poor fluidization or local blockage due to over-dense filling, thus balancing treatment efficiency and hydraulic smoothness.

[0027] Preferably, the pretreatment unit includes a solid-liquid separation component, an oil separation component, and a sedimentation zone; the solid-liquid separation component and the oil separation component are located at the top inlet of the shell, and the collection components of the solid-liquid separation component and the oil separation component are detachable; the sedimentation zone is connected to the biological treatment unit, and the air outlet of the airlift sludge discharge pipe extends to the bottom of the sedimentation zone.

[0028] This preferred solution places the solid-liquid separation and oil separation components at the front and designs them as detachable structures, which facilitates the regular cleaning of trapped hair, fibers and floating oil, preventing them from entering the subsequent biological system and causing packing entanglement or pore blockage. The air-lift sludge discharge pipe extends precisely to the bottom of the sedimentation zone, using air-lift action to efficiently discharge the deposited sludge, avoiding the problems of easy caking and incomplete discharge of traditional gravity sludge discharge, and ensuring the long-term stable operation of the pretreatment unit.

[0029] Preferably, the solid-liquid separation assembly includes a cylindrical shell, a stainless steel filter screen, and a sealing end cap; the pore size of the stainless steel filter screen is 1~2mm; and the sealing end cap is threadedly connected to the cylindrical shell.

[0030] This preferred solution uses a cylindrical shell with a stainless steel filter screen with a pore size of 1-2mm, which can effectively intercept common hair and fiber debris in grey water, while avoiding frequent clogging due to excessively small pore size; the threaded connection sealing end cap design allows for tool-free disassembly and assembly, greatly simplifying daily maintenance operations for non-professionals and improving the user-friendliness of the equipment.

[0031] Preferably, the system also includes a disinfection unit and a water storage unit; the disinfection unit includes a disinfection chamber connected to the biological treatment unit, and a disinfection component is provided inside the disinfection chamber; the water storage unit includes a clean water tank connected to the disinfection chamber, and the clean water tank is provided with an outlet and an overflow outlet.

[0032] This preferred solution integrates disinfection and water storage functions, allowing the treated effluent to be directly stored in the clean water tank after disinfection to meet immediate reuse needs. The overflow outlet can automatically release pressure and drain water during periods of low water usage or when there is excess water production, preventing the tank from overflowing and damaging equipment or flooding surrounding facilities, thus ensuring the safety and continuity of system operation.

[0033] Preferably, the disinfection component is a low-pressure mercury ultraviolet lamp with a wavelength of 253.7nm and a power of 8~15W; the clean water tank is equipped with a liquid level sensor, which is electrically connected to the gas source component and the disinfection component, and is configured to control the gas source component and the disinfection component to stop when the liquid level is detected to be lower than a preset threshold.

[0034] This preferred solution uses a low-pressure mercury ultraviolet lamp with a wavelength of 253.7nm, which has high sterilization efficiency and no chemical residue, making it suitable for reclaimed water reuse scenarios. The liquid level sensor, gas source, and disinfection components work together to form a low liquid level protection mechanism. When the clean water tank is low on water, the power supply to the core energy-consuming components is automatically cut off, completely eliminating the risk of dry burning and idling of the equipment, extending the service life of key components, and improving the reliability of unattended operation.

[0035] Preferably, the shell is a cylindrical tank; the shell is made of fiberglass or high-density polyethylene; the diameter of the shell is 600~1000mm and the total height is 1200~1800mm.

[0036] This preferred design uses a cylindrical tank structure, which distributes stress evenly, has good pressure resistance, and is suitable for underground installation; the fiberglass or high-density polyethylene material is corrosion-resistant and has a long service life; the limited diameter and height range allows the device volume to be adapted to single-household or multi-household scales, taking into account both the convenience of transportation and installation and the sufficiency of processing capacity, and realizing the standardization and modularization of product specifications.

[0037] In addition, this application also provides an integrated in-situ wastewater purification system, including: a wastewater treatment device as described in the above scheme;

[0038] A thermal insulation layer is disposed on the outer wall of the shell;

[0039] An external power supply module is electrically connected to the electrical equipment inside the wastewater treatment device;

[0040] The control module is configured to control the start and stop of the electrical equipment based on the operating status data within the wastewater treatment device.

[0041] The above system effectively isolates the water temperature inside the tank from the influence of the external low temperature environment by adding a heat insulation layer to the outer wall of the shell, ensuring the activity and stability of the biological treatment unit in cold regions during winter. The cooperation between the external power supply module and the control module enables the system to get rid of its dependence on mains power and can intelligently adjust the start and stop of the equipment according to the real-time operating status, realizing true off-grid, adaptive in-situ purification, which is particularly suitable for remote areas without pipeline coverage.

[0042] Preferably, the insulation layer is a polyurethane foam insulation layer with a thickness of 50-80mm; the insulation layer is wrapped with a fiberglass protective layer; the sewage treatment device is installed underground, and the top of the shell is covered with soil to a depth of 400-600mm.

[0043] This preferred solution uses a 50-80mm thick polyurethane foam layer to provide high-efficiency thermal insulation, while the outer fiberglass protective layer resists soil corrosion and mechanical damage. This dual protection ensures the long-term effectiveness of the insulation structure. The 400-600mm soil covering depth utilizes the constant temperature layer of the soil to assist in insulation, avoids the compression and damage of the tank by the frozen soil layer, and does not affect the surface landscape or farming, thus achieving an environmentally friendly installation.

[0044] Preferably, the wastewater treatment device includes the aforementioned clear water tank, overflow outlet, air source assembly, and disinfection assembly;

[0045] The external power supply module is a solar photovoltaic power supply device;

[0046] The operating status data includes the liquid level data in the clean water tank;

[0047] The control module is configured as follows:

[0048] In response to the liquid level data reaching the full water threshold, excess water is controlled to be discharged through the overflow port;

[0049] In response to the liquid level data falling below a low liquid level threshold, the power supply to the gas source component and the disinfection component is cut off.

[0050] This preferred solution uses solar photovoltaic as a clean energy input, which aligns with the green and low-carbon concept. The control module executes dual logic of full water overflow and low water level power cut-off based on liquid level data, which not only prevents water waste and equipment overload, but also avoids ineffective energy consumption. This allows the system to operate safely, economically, and autonomously without human intervention, significantly reducing the total life cycle operation and maintenance costs.

[0051] Compared with the prior art, the present invention also has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0052] 1) The wastewater treatment device provided in this application, by setting a flow guiding component in the biological treatment unit to form an alternating up-and-down baffle channel, changes the single mode of horizontal flow or completely mixed flow in traditional integrated equipment. It forces the water flow to repeatedly turn back in the vertical dimension, significantly extending the effective hydraulic retention time and eliminating short-flow dead zones, thereby greatly improving the pollutant removal efficiency without increasing the tank volume. At the same time, by embedding a transition zone between treatment zones and configuring an independently controllable aeration branch, a precise dissolved oxygen gradient buffer zone is constructed, which effectively isolates the interference of high oxygen deoxygenation in the aerobic zone on the denitrification environment in the anoxic zone, ensuring the stability of the simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal effect. In addition, the sludge discharge system and the aeration system share the same air source component, and sludge discharge is achieved by air lifting, eliminating the need for independent sludge discharge power equipment, simplifying pipeline layout and electrical control, and effectively reducing equipment manufacturing costs and operating energy consumption.

[0053] 2) The integrated in-situ wastewater purification system provided in this application forms a double thermal barrier of soil constant temperature superimposed with thermal insulation material by integrating an insulation layer on the outer wall of the device shell and combining it with the buried installation method. This effectively resists the inhibitory effect of severe cold climate on biochemical reactions and ensures the continuous and stable operation of the system in low-temperature environments. With the help of an external power supply module and an intelligent control module, the system can automatically adjust the start-up and shutdown of the equipment and overflow discharge according to the operating status data such as liquid level. It realizes intelligent management with energy self-sufficiency and unattended operation. It is particularly suitable for decentralized wastewater treatment scenarios that lack municipal pipe networks and stable power supply, and has significant environmental benefits and promotion value. Attached Figure Description

[0054] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the top plan structure of a wastewater treatment device according to an embodiment of this application;

[0055] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the bottom planar structure of a wastewater treatment device according to an embodiment of this application;

[0056] Figure 3 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the wastewater treatment device according to an embodiment of this application, showing its installation state along the AA direction.

[0057] Figure 4 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the wastewater treatment device in the installation state along the BB direction according to an embodiment of this application.

[0058] In the diagram: 100-Shell; 110-Inlet; 200-Pretreatment unit; 210-Solid-liquid separation component; 220-Oil separation component; 230-Sedimentation zone; 240-Collection tank; 300-Biological treatment unit; 310-Anaerobic zone; 320-First transition zone; 330-Aerobic zone; 340-Second transition zone; 350-Anoxic zone; 360-Flow guide component; 370-Water passage hole; 380-Biological packing material; 390-Collection tank; 400-Aeration system; 410-Aeration pipeline; 500-Sludge discharge system; 510-Air lift sludge discharge pipe; 520-Air pipe; 600-Disinfection unit; 610-Disinfection chamber; 620-Disinfection component; 700-Water storage unit; 710-Clear water tank; 720-Outlet. Detailed Implementation

[0059] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this application.

[0060] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains.

[0061] According to one embodiment of this application, such as Figures 1-4 As shown, this embodiment provides a wastewater treatment device, which includes a housing 100, and a pretreatment unit 200, a biological treatment unit 300, and a sludge removal system 500 disposed within the housing 100. The housing 100 serves as the main load-bearing structure of the device, and its internal space is divided into different functional areas according to the water treatment process flow. The pretreatment unit 200, the biological treatment unit 300, and the sludge removal system 500 are arranged sequentially within the housing 100 according to a preset hydraulic flow direction, together forming a complete wastewater treatment chain. It should be understood that the specific shape, material, and physical separation method of each unit of the housing 100 can be adjusted according to actual engineering needs, as long as the integration and accommodation requirements of each functional unit are met.

[0062] The biological treatment unit 300 includes multiple treatment zones and at least one transition zone, which are sequentially connected. In this embodiment, the treatment zones and transition zones are functional zoning concepts defined based on hydraulic retention time, pollutant degradation stages, or differences in environmental factor gradients, and are not limited to specific biochemical reaction types or names. For example, a treatment zone may correspond to a specific biochemical process such as organic matter degradation, nitrification, or denitrification, while a transition zone is an intermediate area located between adjacent treatment zones, used to buffer fluctuations in water quality and quantity or to construct environmental factor gradients. The sequential connectivity between the zones ensures that wastewater can flow according to a predetermined multi-stage treatment sequence, avoiding short-circuiting or disorderly mixing of water flow, thereby ensuring the stability and continuity of the overall treatment process.

[0063] The biological treatment unit 300 is equipped with a flow guiding component 360, which divides the treatment zone and transition zone into alternating vertical baffle channels. Specifically, the flow guiding component 360 is a solid flow guiding structure installed inside the biological treatment unit 300. Its shape can be a vertical baffle, an inclined baffle, an irregularly shaped wall, or any other structure that can guide the water flow to change direction, and is not limited to the specific shape shown in the attached figure. The core function of the flow guiding component 360 is to force the water flow to repeatedly turn vertically within the limited tank space, forming alternating vertical S-shaped or Z-shaped baffle paths. This flow design significantly extends the actual hydraulic retention time of the wastewater, effectively eliminating the stratification dead zones and short-circuiting phenomena that easily occur in traditional horizontal flow patterns. This allows the wastewater to achieve more sufficient contact and mass transfer with the biological packing material 380 or activated sludge across the entire cross-section, thereby improving the pollutant removal efficiency without increasing the volume of the device.

[0064] The biological treatment unit 300 also includes an aeration system 400, which comprises an air source component and an aeration pipeline 410 extending into the treatment zone and transition zone. Figure 4 As shown, the air source component serves as a unified air supply power source, delivering gas to various functional areas of the biological treatment unit 300 via aeration pipeline 410. Aeration pipeline 410 typically includes a main air pipe and several branch air pipes, which extend to the bottom or appropriate locations of each treatment zone and transition zone, with their ends potentially connected to microporous aeration pipes or other air distribution devices. It is worth emphasizing that aeration pipeline 410 extends not only to the treatment zones that conventionally require oxygen supply but also specifically into the transition zone. This structural design enables the transition zone to also possess the ability to agitate gas and regulate dissolved oxygen. In actual operation, aeration in the transition zone can be used to prevent sludge deposition, maintain the suspended state of microorganisms, or construct a precise dissolved oxygen gradient buffer zone through micro-aeration, thereby optimizing the flexibility of the entire system's biochemical reaction environment control.

[0065] The sludge removal system 500 includes an air-lift sludge removal pipe 510, the air inlet of which is connected to an air source assembly, and the air outlet of which extends to the bottom of the pretreatment unit 200. For example... Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the air-lift sludge discharge pipe 510 utilizes the air-lift principle to lift the sludge deposited at the bottom of the pretreatment unit 200 to a designated discharge point. Its air inlet is directly connected to the air source component of the aeration system 400, rather than to a separate sludge discharge blower or air compressor. This shared air source design is one of the key features of this embodiment, achieving power integration of aeration and sludge discharge functions at the hardware level. By sharing the same air source component, the device eliminates the need for additional sludge discharge power equipment and its supporting pipelines, valves, and electrical control components. This not only significantly simplifies the overall structure and pipeline layout of the equipment, reduces manufacturing costs and space requirements, but also reduces potential mechanical failure points, improving the long-term reliability and maintenance convenience of the device. Simultaneously, the air outlet of the air-lift sludge discharge pipe 510 extends precisely to the bottom of the pretreatment unit 200, ensuring that the deposited sludge can be efficiently and thoroughly discharged, preventing sludge caking or anaerobic fermentation from impacting subsequent treatment units.

[0066] Exemplarily, based on the foregoing embodiments, this embodiment further specifies the internal topology and hydraulic flow pattern of the biological treatment unit 300. The treatment zone includes an anaerobic zone 310, an aerobic zone 330, and an anoxic zone 350 connected sequentially; the transition zone includes a first transition zone 320 and a second transition zone 340; the anaerobic zone 310 is connected to the first transition zone 320, the first transition zone 320 is connected to the aerobic zone 330, the aerobic zone 330 is connected to the second transition zone 340, and the second transition zone 340 is connected to the anoxic zone 350. Specifically, combined with... Figures 2-4 As shown, this specific five-stage series sequence of "anaerobic-transitional-aerobic-transitional-anoxic" constitutes a complete biochemical reaction chain for advanced wastewater treatment. Anaerobic zone 310 is primarily used for phosphorus release and hydrolysis and acidification of macromolecular organic matter; aerobic zone 330 undertakes the core tasks of complete oxidation and degradation of organic matter and nitrification; and anoxic zone 350 utilizes nitrates from the returned mixed liquor for denitrification. The first transition zone 320 and the second transition zone 340 are not simply hydraulic connection channels, but rather serve as environmental factor buffers between adjacent functional zones, particularly to smooth out drastic changes in dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration. This prevents the high dissolved oxygen mixed liquor from aerobic zone 330 from directly impacting the anoxic zone 350 and disrupting the anoxic environment required for denitrification, thus ensuring the stability of the system's simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal effects.

[0067] To further optimize the hydraulic flow under the above-mentioned zoned layout, the flow guiding component 360 is specifically implemented as a baffle plate; the anaerobic zone 310 and the first transition zone 320 are connected by a first water passage 370 located at the bottom; the first transition zone 320 and the aerobic zone 330 are connected by a second water passage 370 located at the top; the aerobic zone 330 and the second transition zone 340 are connected by a third water passage 370 located at the bottom; and the second transition zone 340 and the anoxic zone 350 are connected by a fourth water passage 370 located at the top. Figures 2-4 As shown, the baffle plate is a preferred specific form of the flow guiding component 360, which is vertically arranged inside the shell 100 to physically separate the functional areas. More importantly, the water passage 370 adopts an alternating "bottom-top-bottom-top" arrangement strategy. This layout forces the water flow to undergo repeated turns of "bottom in, top out" or "top in, bottom out" when flowing through each area, thereby constructing a continuous S-shaped flow path in the vertical dimension; whereby... Figure 2 and Figure 3 The middle arrow "→" indicates the direction of water flow. Compared to traditional horizontal flow or unidirectional flow, this S-shaped flow path significantly increases the actual flow length of water within the limited tank space, effectively eliminating the velocity dead zone at the bottom or top of the tank, ensuring full contact and mass transfer between the wastewater and the biological packing material 380 (mentioned later) across the entire cross-section, and greatly improving the volume utilization rate.

[0068] Based on the optimized hydraulic flow pattern described above, to further enhance the efficiency of the biochemical reaction, suspended biological packing material 380 is filled in the anaerobic zone 310, aerobic zone 330, anoxic zone 350, first transition zone 320, and second transition zone 340. This means that not only do the core biochemical reaction zones (anaerobic, aerobic, and anoxic) have biofilm carriers, but the two transition zones, which serve as buffer zones, are also filled with packing material. The special significance of this design lies in transforming the transition zones from simple hydraulic channels into functional extension zones with biochemical activity. The microbial community attached to the packing material in the transition zones can play a biological buffering role against fluctuations in the inflow water quality. For example, facultative microorganisms in the first transition zone 320 can consume some of the residual dissolved oxygen from the anaerobic zone 310, helping to create a micro-aerobic environment before entering the aerobic zone 330; while the microorganisms in the second transition zone 340 help to further consume the excess DO carried by the effluent from the aerobic zone 330, creating more favorable denitrification conditions for entering the anoxic zone 350.

[0069] As a preferred embodiment, the suspended biological packing material 380 can be selected from polyurethane sponge packing material or polyethylene suspended ball packing material; the filling rate of the suspended biological packing material 380 is 40-60%. For example, in this embodiment, polyurethane sponge packing material with large specific surface area and good hydrophilicity is selected, and the filling rate is set to 50%. Polyurethane sponge packing material has a rich pore structure, which is conducive to the rapid biofilm formation and internal mass transfer of microorganisms; while polyethylene suspended ball packing material has the characteristics of high mechanical strength and wear resistance, and is also a feasible alternative. Strictly controlling the filling rate within the range of 40%-60% is a balance parameter based on long-term engineering practice: if the filling rate is lower than 40%, the effective biomass per unit volume is insufficient, making it difficult to guarantee the treatment load; if the filling rate is higher than 60%, the packing material packing density is too large, and it is easy to entangle and agglomerate or locally blockage under the disturbance of water flow and air flow, resulting in deterioration of fluidization state or even the formation of short-flow channels. A filling rate of about 50% can provide sufficient space for biofilm growth and reserve enough pores for smooth water flow and air bubbles to pass through, ensuring uniform fluidization and long-term stable operation of the packing material in the S-shaped baffle channel. It should be understood that although this embodiment uses polyurethane sponge filler and a 50% filling rate as an example for detailed description, in other embodiments, the type of filler and the filling ratio can be flexibly adjusted within the above range according to factors such as influent water quality characteristics, temperature conditions or maintenance cycle, as long as the expected biological treatment and hydraulic flow optimization effects can be achieved.

[0070] For example, based on the foregoing embodiments, this embodiment further specifies the design of the air path coordination hardware structure and parameter matching of the aeration system and sludge discharge system. The aeration pipeline 410 includes a main air pipe and multiple branch air pipes, which extend into the treatment zone and transition zone respectively, and each branch air pipe extending into the transition zone is equipped with an independent control valve. Specifically, as... Figures 3-4As shown, the main air pipe serves as the air supply trunk, delivering gas from the air source components to each functional zone, while the branch air pipes act as distribution branches extending into the bottom of each chamber. Specifically, independent control valves are connected in series on the branch air pipes corresponding to the first transition zone 320 and the second transition zone 340. These independent control valves can be manually or electrically adjustable, and their core function is to achieve individual and precise adjustment of the aeration rate in the transition zones. In actual operation, by fine-tuning the opening of the independent control valves, the dissolved oxygen concentration in the transition zones can be flexibly controlled, maintaining it at a specific gradient level between the adjacent aerobic and anoxic zones. This hardware-level independent control mechanism allows the transition zones to effectively function as a dissolved oxygen buffer zone, preventing the high dissolved oxygen mixture in the aerobic zone 330 from directly impacting the subsequent anoxic zone 350 and disrupting the denitrification environment, while also avoiding sludge deposition or anaerobic fermentation in the transition zones due to insufficient aeration. This ensures the stability of the nitrogen and phosphorus removal effect and the system's resistance to shock loads throughout the entire system. It should be understood that although this embodiment uses a manual or electric regulating valve as an example, in other embodiments, needle valves, ball valves or other valve components with flow regulation functions can also be used, as long as independent control of the gas volume in the transition zone can be achieved.

[0071] The sludge removal system also includes an air pipe 520, one end of which is connected to the air source assembly, and the other end is connected to the air inlet of the airlift sludge removal pipe 510. For example... Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, air pipe 520 constitutes a dedicated transmission channel for sludge discharge power. It is directly led out from the air outlet of the air source component or the upstream node of the main air pipe and connected to the air inlet at the bottom of the air-lift sludge discharge pipe 510. This structural design physically establishes that the aeration system and the sludge discharge system share the same air source, eliminating the need for a separate blower or air compressor for the sludge discharge function. By sharing the air source component, not only is the power configuration and pipeline layout of the equipment significantly simplified, reducing manufacturing costs and space requirements, but the complexity of the electrical control circuit is also reduced, improving the long-term reliability and maintenance convenience of the device. Simultaneously, the connection point between air pipe 520 and air-lift sludge discharge pipe 510 is located at the bottom of the sedimentation zone of the pretreatment unit 200, ensuring that compressed air can be efficiently injected and form a stable air lifting force to smoothly discharge the deposited sludge.

[0072] To support the stable operation of the aforementioned air-circuit coordinated structure, this embodiment also optimizes and matches the specifications of key components. Specifically, the air source component is preferably an electromagnetic air pump; the end of the aeration pipeline 410 is a microporous aeration pipe; the nominal diameter of the air-lift sludge discharge pipe 510 is 20-25 mm, and the nominal diameter of the air pipe 520 is 15-20 mm; the power range of the electromagnetic air pump is 15-40 W. For example, in this embodiment, an electromagnetic air pump with a rated power of 25 W is selected as the air source component. This type of air pump is characterized by its small size, low noise, high energy efficiency, and oil-free lubrication, making it very suitable for the low power consumption and quiet operation requirements of small, integrated household equipment. Correspondingly, the air-lift sludge discharge pipe 510 is preferably made of pipe with a nominal diameter of DN20, and the air pipe 520 is preferably made of pipe with a nominal diameter of DN15. This parameter combination is the optimal solution derived from extensive engineering practice: if the airlift pipe diameter is too small, although the flow rate increases under the same air volume, the frictional resistance rises sharply, easily causing unstable air pulsation or even blockage; if the pipe diameter is too large, the airflow velocity is insufficient to form an effective airlift liquid column, leading to a decrease in sludge discharge efficiency. Similarly, the preferred specification for air pipe 520 is DN15, which ensures sufficient ventilation cross-sectional area to meet the instantaneous air volume required for airlift, while avoiding material waste and installation space occupation caused by excessively thick pipes. With this pipeline configuration, a 25W electromagnetic air pump can provide a total air volume of approximately 30-40L / min. After diversion, it can meet the biochemical oxygen demand of the aerobic zone 330 and the transition zone, while maintaining the lifting head required for airlift sludge discharge, achieving dynamic balance and efficient synergy between the two major functions of aeration oxygen supply and sludge discharge under a single power source. Regarding operating parameters, the dissolved oxygen concentration in the aerobic zone 330 is controlled at 2-3 mg / L, the air-to-water ratio is 6:1-10:1, and the hydraulic retention time is 3-4 hours; the hydraulic retention time in the anaerobic zone 310 is 4-6 hours; and the hydraulic retention time in the anoxic zone 350 is 2-3 hours. These parameter combinations are determined based on the characteristics of the household greywater and the treatment objectives: maintaining a dissolved oxygen concentration of 2-3 mg / L in the aerobic zone 330 satisfies the oxygen requirements of nitrifying bacteria to ensure sufficient oxidation of ammonia nitrogen, while avoiding energy waste and impact on the subsequent anoxic environment caused by excessive aeration; the anaerobic zone 310 has a longer hydraulic retention time to ensure sufficient time for the hydrolysis and acidification of large organic molecules; and the hydraulic retention time in the anoxic zone 350 balances the completion of denitrification with the rational utilization of the overall unit volume. In addition, the microporous aeration tube used at the end of the aeration pipeline 410 can generate small bubbles, which significantly increases the gas-liquid contact area, improves oxygen transfer efficiency, and further reduces energy consumption per unit volume of treated water.It should be understood that the above power and pipe diameter parameters are only preferred examples. In actual applications, the power range of 15~40W and the pipe diameter range of 20~25mm and 15~20mm can be adaptively adjusted according to factors such as the treatment scale of the device, the quality of the influent water and the installation conditions, as long as the normal operation of the gas-circuit coordination system can be maintained.

[0073] Exemplarily, based on the foregoing embodiments, this embodiment further describes in detail the specific modular structure and maintainability design of the pretreatment unit 200. The pretreatment unit 200 includes a solid-liquid separation component 210, an oil separation component 220, and a sedimentation zone 230. For example... Figure 3As shown, these three sub-modules are arranged sequentially inside the shell 100 according to the water flow direction, jointly undertaking the function of removing large particulate matter, floating oil, and settleable suspended solids, providing stable water inlet conditions for the subsequent biological treatment unit 300. The solid-liquid separation component 210 and the grease separation component 220 are located at the top inlet 110 of the shell 100. This top layout design fully utilizes gravitational potential energy, allowing wastewater entering the device to naturally fall through the separation components without the need for additional lifting power. Simultaneously, placing the easily clogged and frequently cleaned separation components at the very top of the tank, close to the inspection port, greatly shortens the maintenance operation path, allowing maintenance personnel to complete daily cleaning operations without entering the tank. Preferably, the solid-liquid separation component 210 is a hair collector, and the grease separation component 220 is an grease trap. More importantly, compared to the fixed, non-removable grid structure in traditional integrated equipment, the collection components of the solid-liquid separation component 210 and the grease separation component 220 in this application are both detachable structures. In actual operation, pollutants such as hair, fibers, and grease accumulate continuously. If a welded or integrally molded fixed structure is used, blockages often require shutdown or even destructive dismantling for cleaning, severely impacting the equipment's continuous operation capability. However, the detachable structure used in this embodiment allows the entire pollutant collection component to be removed for cleaning or replacement, thus ensuring the long-term stable operation of the pretreatment unit 200 and the entire device. Furthermore, the water collection tank 240 of the sedimentation zone 230 is connected to the anaerobic zone 310 of the biological treatment unit 300 via permeable holes 370 at the top, and the air outlet of the airlift sludge discharge pipe 510 extends to the bottom of the sedimentation zone 230. Wastewater after solid-liquid and grease separation enters the sedimentation zone 230 for sludge-water separation, and the sludge deposited at the bottom is directly discharged through the airlift sludge discharge pipe 510 mentioned in the previous embodiment. The air outlet of the air-lift sludge discharge pipe 510 is precisely positioned at the lowest point of the sedimentation zone 230 or in the sludge collection hopper area, ensuring that the deposited sludge can be efficiently and thoroughly lifted and discharged. This avoids anaerobic fermentation or reduction in effective volume caused by the accumulation of dead sludge, further enhancing the self-cleaning capability and maintenance convenience of the pretreatment unit 200. It should be understood that although this embodiment uses a specific layout at the top inlet 110 as an example, in other embodiments, as long as the solid-liquid separation component 210 and the grease separation component 220 remain detachable and located in a position that facilitates maintenance, their specific installation orientation can also be adaptively adjusted according to the tank shape or pipeline routing.

[0074] As a preferred embodiment of the aforementioned detachable structure, the solid-liquid separation assembly 210 includes a cylindrical shell, a stainless steel filter screen, and a sealing end cap. Specifically, the cylindrical shell, serving as a supporting frame and flow channel, is typically suspended vertically or embedded below the inlet 110; the stainless steel filter screen is installed on the side wall or bottom of the cylindrical shell, serving as the actual filter medium; the sealing end cap covers the top opening of the cylindrical shell, both preventing short-circuiting of unfiltered wastewater and acting as a lifting handle or connecting node for easy removal of the entire assembly. This modular assembly method allows for independent replacement of each component; for example, when the filter screen is damaged, only the filter screen needs to be replaced without scrapping the entire assembly, reducing the overall lifecycle maintenance cost. The stainless steel filter screen has a pore size of 1~2mm. This aperture range is derived from an engineering balance between the characteristics of household greywater and the frequency of operation and maintenance: if the aperture is less than 1mm, although it can intercept finer impurities, for greywater containing a large amount of bath hair and kitchen fibers, it is very easy to form a dense filter cake in a short time, resulting in a sharp reduction in the water flow cross-section, forcing a significant increase in maintenance frequency and even causing the risk of overflow; if the aperture is greater than 2mm, a large number of long fibers and hair will penetrate the filter screen and enter the subsequent biological treatment system, entangled on the packing or aeration pipes, causing more difficult-to-treat internal blockages. An aperture of 1~2mm can effectively intercept most easily entangled debris while maintaining a reasonable dirt holding capacity and cleaning cycle, which is the optimal range that balances treatment effect and user experience. The sealing end cap and the cylindrical shell are connected by threads. Threaded connections, as a standardized fastening method, offer significant advantages in this application scenario: firstly, they provide reliable axial sealing force, preventing the end cap from detaching or leaking due to water ingress; secondly, they enable true manual disassembly and assembly, allowing maintenance personnel to quickly open the end cap to empty debris or remove the entire filter cartridge for rinsing simply by hand rotation, without needing to carry wrenches or other specialized tools. Considering the usage scenarios of rural areas or non-professional users, this low-barrier, tool-free maintenance design is crucial for improving the actual usability and user acceptance of the equipment. Of course, in other embodiments, the sealing end cap and the cylindrical shell can also be connected by snap-fit ​​connections, flange bolt connections, or magnetic connections, as long as convenient disassembly and assembly and reliable sealing are achieved; this application does not impose a single limitation on this.

[0075] Exemplarily, based on the foregoing embodiments, this embodiment further specifies the design of the post-treatment integrated structure and low-liquid-level safety protection mechanism of the device. The wastewater treatment device also includes a disinfection unit 600 and a water storage unit 700. For example... Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, the disinfection unit 600 includes a disinfection chamber 610, which is connected to the biological treatment unit 300. A disinfection component 620 is installed within the disinfection chamber 610. Specifically, the disinfection chamber 610 is typically located downstream of the biological treatment unit 300, for example, connected to the water collection tank 390 of the anoxic zone 350 via a water passage 370 at the bottom, receiving the effluent after multi-stage biological treatment. This close proximity arrangement shortens the transport path of unsterilized water and reduces the risk of secondary pollution. The disinfection component 620, as the core sterilization component, is encapsulated inside the disinfection chamber 610, ensuring that the water flowing through this chamber receives sufficient disinfection treatment, thereby meeting the hygienic requirements for reclaimed water reuse.

[0076] The water storage unit 700 includes a clean water tank 710, which is connected to the disinfection chamber 610. The clean water tank 710 is equipped with an outlet 720 and an overflow outlet. In this embodiment, the clean water tank 710 serves as a temporary storage container for treated water that meets standards. Its effective volume is 150-250L, preferably 200L. This volume can meet the temporary water storage needs of a single household or multiple households during periods of low water consumption, avoiding frequent overflows caused by asynchronous water production and consumption. The inlet of the clean water tank 710 is connected to the outlet of the disinfection chamber 610, realizing an integrated process of "disinfection and storage simultaneously". The outlet 720 is used to supply reclaimed water to user terminals (such as toilet flushing tanks and green irrigation networks); while the overflow outlet serves as a safe discharge channel for water balance. When the water production exceeds the water consumption, causing the clean water tank 710 to overflow, the excess water is automatically discharged through the overflow port to prevent abnormal internal pressure or flooding of surrounding facilities due to excessively high liquid levels. This post-treatment architecture, which integrates disinfection, storage, and safe discharge, significantly improves the functional integration and operational safety of the device, enabling it to independently cope with the challenges of large water consumption fluctuations and the lack of external regulation and storage facilities in decentralized scenarios.

[0077] In a preferred embodiment, the disinfection component 620 is a low-pressure mercury ultraviolet lamp with a wavelength of 253.7 nm and a power of 8-15 W. For example, in this embodiment, a low-pressure mercury ultraviolet lamp with a rated power of 10 W and a main radiation wavelength of 253.7 nm is selected as the disinfection component 620. This wavelength of ultraviolet light is within the absorption peak range of microbial DNA / RNA, which can efficiently inactivate bacteria, viruses, and protozoan cysts by destroying nucleic acid structures. Moreover, no chemical agents are added throughout the process, avoiding the potential ecological impact of disinfection byproduct residues on the quality of reclaimed water (especially for greening irrigation or landscape water replenishment). Limiting the power to the range of 8-15 W is an optimized value obtained by matching the treatment scale of small household devices (usually 0.5-2 m³ / d) with ultraviolet transmittance: too low a power makes it difficult to guarantee an effective irradiation dose, while too high a power will cause energy waste and accelerate lamp aging. In this embodiment, the UV irradiation dose of the UV lamp is not less than 40 mJ / cm², which ensures effective inactivation of common intestinal bacteria, viruses, and protozoan cysts, meeting the hygienic requirements for reclaimed water reuse. Combined with the thorough mixing effect provided by the aforementioned S-shaped baffle channel, this specification of UV lamp can achieve stable disinfection compliance with low energy consumption, aligning with the design goal of low-power operation of small integrated equipment.

[0078] More importantly, to ensure the inherent safety of the equipment under unattended conditions, a liquid level sensor is installed inside the clean water tank 710. This sensor is electrically connected to the air supply component and the disinfection component 620, and is configured to shut down these components when the liquid level is detected to be below a preset threshold. Specifically, the liquid level sensor is installed at the low-liquid-level warning line on the inner wall of the clean water tank 710, and its signal output is directly connected to the power supply circuit or control input of the air supply component and the disinfection component 620. This connection constitutes an inherent hardware-level safety interlock mechanism, rather than relying on temporary software strategies from an external programmable logic controller (PLC) or cloud platform. When the actual liquid level in the clean water tank 710 drops below the preset low-liquid-level threshold, the liquid level sensor immediately triggers a power-off signal, forcibly cutting off the power supply to the air supply component and the disinfection component 620. This design achieves dual protection: firstly, it prevents the gas source component from running dry in a waterless state, avoiding overheating damage to the electromagnetic coil or diaphragm rupture, thus extending the lifespan of the core power components; secondly, it prevents the disinfection component 620 from lighting up without water flow, avoiding overheating and bursting of the ultraviolet lamp due to lack of water cooling, while also eliminating unnecessary energy consumption. It should be understood that although this embodiment uses a hard-wired direct power cut-off as an example, in other embodiments, the same power-off protection function can be achieved through intermediate components such as relays, solid-state switches, or dedicated protection chips, as long as it ensures reliable shutdown of the core energy-consuming components at low liquid levels. Furthermore, this safety mechanism, together with the aforementioned overflow port, constitutes a complete liquid level safety closed loop of "high-limit overflow, low-limit power-off," enabling the device to autonomously avoid operational risks even without manual intervention, greatly improving the product's reliability and user trust in distributed application scenarios.

[0079] Exemplarily, based on the foregoing embodiments, this embodiment further specifies the physical specifications and material selection of the shell 100. The shell 100 is a cylindrical tank; the material of the shell 100 is fiberglass or high-density polyethylene; the diameter of the shell 100 is 600~1000mm, and the total height is 1200~1800mm. Specifically, as... Figures 1-4 As shown, the cylindrical geometric configuration is adopted based on a comprehensive consideration of mechanical performance and manufacturing process. Compared with square or polygonal containers, the cylindrical tank has a more uniform stress distribution when subjected to external soil lateral pressure and internal water pressure, effectively avoiding stress concentration at corners, thus significantly improving structural safety and deformation resistance under buried installation conditions. At the same time, the circular cross-section is also more conducive to the 360° arrangement of internal flow guiding components and the swirling and mixing of water flow, reducing hydraulic dead zones.

[0080] In terms of material selection, both fiberglass and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) are preferred materials for wastewater treatment environments. Fiberglass boasts excellent corrosion resistance, high strength, and design flexibility, making it suitable for manufacturing large-size, high-pressure integrated tanks. HDPE, on the other hand, excels in its good toughness, chemical corrosion resistance, and hot-melt welding performance, while being relatively lightweight, facilitating transportation and on-site installation. Both materials can effectively resist the long-term erosion of acidic and alkaline substances and microbial metabolic products in domestic sewage, ensuring the design service life of the equipment.

[0081] Regarding the size range, the diameter of 600-1000mm and the total height of 1200-1800mm are not arbitrary values, but rather physical boundaries determined based on a comprehensive consideration of the greywater generation of a single household or multi-household (typically 3-8 people) and the convenience of underground installation. For example, in this embodiment, the preferred diameter of the shell 100 is 800mm and the total height is 1500mm. The effective volume under this specification can match a daily treatment capacity of 0.5 to 2 cubic meters, meeting the water treatment needs of a typical rural household. If the diameter is less than 600mm or the height is less than 1200mm, the internal space is too cramped, making it difficult to reasonably arrange multi-stage baffle channels and suspended packing, resulting in insufficient hydraulic retention time and compromised treatment effectiveness. Conversely, if the diameter exceeds 1000mm or the height exceeds 1800mm, although the treatment capacity increases, the equipment becomes bulky, increasing transportation and installation difficulties, requiring a larger excavation area and deeper cover depth, significantly raising civil engineering costs and construction thresholds, deviating from the original intention of lightweight and easy-to-install household small equipment. Therefore, the above-mentioned size range precisely defines the difference between this product as a small integrated household / multi-household equipment and a large-scale municipal sewage treatment facility, ensuring the product's technical and economic optimization in specific application scenarios. The top of the shell 100 is also equipped with an inspection port and a vent. The inspection port is located in the center of the top cover of the shell 100 or in an easily accessible position, with a diameter of not less than 600mm, to meet the operational needs of maintenance personnel to enter the tank for inspection, maintenance, or packing replacement. A vent is located at the highest point of the shell 100 and connects to a vent pipe extending above the ground. This serves to balance the pressure difference between the inside of the device and the outside atmosphere, preventing abnormal pressure increases inside the tank due to gas accumulation from biochemical reactions. It also provides a necessary exhaust channel for the anaerobic zone 310. The vent pipe diameter is typically DN50~DN80, and its outlet is raised a certain distance above the ground and equipped with a rain cap or insect screen to prevent rainwater backflow or insect infestation. It should be understood that in actual engineering projects, the specific dimensions of the shell 100 can be flexibly adjusted within the above range based on the specific number of service personnel, influent water quality standards, and site limitations, as long as the expected treatment efficiency and installation requirements are met.

[0082] According to one embodiment of this application, this embodiment provides an integrated in-situ wastewater purification system. Based on the wastewater treatment device described in any of the foregoing embodiments, this system further integrates an environmental adaptability and energy management subsystem to address technical issues such as difficulty in low-temperature operation, unstable power supply, and reliance on manual maintenance in decentralized wastewater treatment scenarios. Specifically, the integrated in-situ wastewater purification system includes a wastewater treatment device, an insulation layer, an external power supply module, and a control module.

[0083] The wastewater treatment unit, as the core processing unit of the system, has had its internal structure, hydraulic flow pattern, and gas-air coordination mechanism described in detail in the previous embodiments, and will not be repeated here. In this system-level embodiment, the focus is expanded from the internal treatment process of the unit to the interface between the unit and the external environment and the energy supply architecture.

[0084] An insulation layer is installed on the outer wall of the shell 100. Specifically, the insulation layer is tightly fitted or wrapped around the outer surface of the shell 100, forming a continuous thermal barrier. This structural design aims to cut off the heat conduction path between the water inside the tank and the cold external environment, reducing heat loss. In cold regions or during winter operation, the insulation layer can effectively maintain the water temperature inside the shell 100 within a suitable range for microbial activity (e.g., above 10°C), preventing a decrease in biochemical reaction rates or even system freezing and paralysis due to low temperatures. It should be understood that the specific material, thickness, and construction process of the insulation layer can be adjusted according to the climate conditions of the installation site. For example, polyurethane foam, rock wool, rubber-plastic sponge, and other insulation materials can be used, as long as they are installed on the outer wall of the shell 100 and provide the expected thermal insulation performance. In addition, a protective layer can be added to the outside of the insulation layer as needed to resist soil corrosion, groundwater erosion, or mechanical damage during construction, ensuring the long-term effectiveness of the insulation structure.

[0085] The external power supply module is electrically connected to the electrical equipment within the wastewater treatment unit. Specifically, the external power supply module serves as an independent energy input for the system, establishing an electrical connection via cables to the gas source components, disinfection components 620, control modules, and other potential electrical loads (such as level sensors and electric valves) inside the casing 100. This design eliminates the system's rigid dependence on the municipal power grid, making it particularly suitable for decentralized wastewater treatment scenarios in remote rural areas, mountainous regions, and islands where stable municipal power coverage is unavailable. The external power supply module can be a solar photovoltaic power supply device, a wind power generation device, an energy storage battery pack, or a combination thereof. For example, in areas with abundant sunlight, solar photovoltaic panels combined with battery packs are preferred. During the day, the module generates electricity to power the equipment and stores excess energy, while at night, the battery pack provides continuous power, achieving all-weather energy self-sufficiency and zero-carbon operation. It should be understood that the specific selection and capacity configuration of the external power supply module must be matched and calculated based on the total power consumption of the unit, local weather conditions, and backup time requirements to ensure the reliability of the system's power supply under various operating conditions.

[0086] The control module is configured to control the start and stop of electrical equipment based on the operating status data within the wastewater treatment unit. Specifically, the control module acts as the intelligent hub of the system. Its signal input is connected to various sensors (such as level sensors, temperature sensors, and flow meters in the clear water tank 710) installed inside or outside the unit, collecting physical quantity data reflecting the operating status of the unit in real time. Its signal output is connected to actuators such as the air source component and the disinfection component 620, automatically adjusting the operating status of these devices according to preset control strategies. For example, when the level sensor detects that the liquid level in the clear water tank 710 is below the safety threshold, the control module automatically cuts off the power supply to the air source component and the disinfection component 620 to prevent dry burning damage. When the liquid level reaches the full water threshold, the control module can trigger overflow discharge or stop the inlet booster pump (if any). This closed-loop control mechanism based on real-time data feedback transforms the traditional "manual inspection + manual operation" mode into an "automatic sensing + intelligent decision-making" mode, which not only significantly reduces maintenance labor costs but also avoids ineffective energy consumption through precise on-demand energy supply, improving the safety and economy of the system under unattended conditions. It should be understood that the control module can be an embedded microcontroller, PLC, or dedicated control board. Its control logic can be implemented by hard-wired analog circuits or by digital control based on software algorithms, as long as it can realize the function of automatically starting and stopping electrical equipment based on operating status data.

[0087] Through the aforementioned system-level integrated design, the integrated in-situ wastewater purification system provided in this embodiment organically combines efficient wastewater treatment processes, passive thermal insulation, clean energy self-sufficiency, and intelligent adaptive control, constructing a complete technical solution that is environmentally friendly, energy-independent, and extremely simple to operate and maintain. This not only solves the problem of the survivability of a single device in harsh external environments, but also achieves low-cost and highly reliable operation of decentralized wastewater treatment facilities throughout their entire life cycle from a systems engineering perspective. It is particularly well-suited to the practical needs of rural domestic wastewater treatment in the context of rural revitalization, ensuring that it is "affordable to build, easy to use, and effectively managed."

[0088] For example, based on the aforementioned integrated in-situ wastewater purification system embodiment, this embodiment further applies the system to a rural household wastewater treatment scenario in the cold Northwest region to specifically demonstrate the system's adaptive design and intelligent operation and maintenance strategy under extreme environments. In this application scenario, the insulation layer is a polyurethane foam insulation layer with a thickness of 50-80mm; the insulation layer is wrapped with a fiberglass protective layer; the wastewater treatment device is installed underground, and the top of the shell 100 is covered with soil to a depth of 400-600mm. Specifically, for the severe cold climate in Northwest China where winter temperatures can reach below -20℃, this embodiment preferably uses a 60mm thick rigid polyurethane foam material as the insulation layer, which has a low thermal conductivity and high closed-cell rate, effectively blocking the heat exchange path between the water inside the shell 100 and the external cold air. Simultaneously, a fiberglass protective layer is tightly wrapped around the outside of the insulation layer. This protective layer not only has excellent corrosion resistance and waterproof performance, preventing groundwater or soil moisture from eroding the insulation material and causing insulation failure, but also provides sufficient mechanical strength to resist lateral pressure and construction impact during backfilling. More importantly, by setting the soil cover depth at the top of the shell 100 to 500mm (within the preferred range of 400~600mm), the main body of the device is located below the local frost line, making full use of the relatively constant geothermal temperature of the deep soil as a natural thermal barrier. This dual insulation mechanism of "active material insulation + passive soil temperature control" has been verified by actual testing to maintain the water temperature inside the tank at no less than 10℃ in an outdoor environment of -20℃, ensuring the activity and metabolic rate of the microbial community in the biological treatment unit 300, fundamentally solving the technical problem of traditional integrated equipment being prone to freezing and paralysis in cold winters.

[0089] To address the challenges of incomplete power grid coverage or unstable power supply in rural areas, an external power supply module is a solar photovoltaic (PV) power supply device. In this application scenario, the solar PV power supply device includes PV panel modules installed above the ground access panel and a matching energy storage battery. It is electrically connected to the gas source module, disinfection module 620, and control module inside the casing 100 via a DC bus. During the day, when sunlight is abundant, PV power generation directly drives the equipment and charges the battery; at night or on cloudy days, the battery continuously discharges, achieving a completely off-grid, zero-carbon operation mode that is independent of grid power, meeting the green and low-carbon governance needs of remote rural areas.

[0090] Based on this, to ensure long-term safe and stable operation under unattended conditions, the control module is configured to implement an adaptive protection strategy based on liquid level. Specifically, the operating status data includes the liquid level data in the clear water tank 710; the control module is configured to: in response to the liquid level data reaching the full water threshold, control the excess water to be discharged through the overflow port; in response to the liquid level data falling below the low liquid level threshold, cut off the power supply to the gas source component and the disinfection component 620. In the actual operating logic, when the user's water consumption suddenly decreases or the inflow of water abnormally increases, causing the liquid level in the clear water tank 710 to reach the full water threshold, the control module does not forcibly stop water production (to avoid the deterioration of the anaerobic environment of the front-end biological system due to shutdown), but guides the excess qualified water to be discharged by gravity through the overflow port, which not only prevents the water tank from overflowing and flooding the equipment room or courtyard, but also maintains the continuity of the hydraulic circulation inside the system. Conversely, when the water consumption peak causes the liquid level in the clear water tank 710 to drop below the low liquid level threshold, the control module immediately outputs a power-off signal, forcibly cutting off the power supply to the gas source component and the disinfection component 620. This hardware-cascaded protection mechanism offers dual safety benefits: firstly, it completely eliminates the risk of coil overheating or diaphragm damage caused by the electromagnetic air pump running dry in a waterless state; secondly, it avoids the potential for UV lamps to burst when lit without water cooling. Through the aforementioned intelligent control strategy of "high-limit overflow to maintain circulation, low-limit power outage to prevent dry burning," combined with the aforementioned dual insulation structure and off-grid photovoltaic power supply, this embodiment constructs a complete technical solution that can operate autonomously and stably for a long time in frigid, power-free environments without manual intervention. This significantly reduces the total lifecycle maintenance cost and improves the practicality and reliability of the product in decentralized rural wastewater treatment scenarios. It should be understood that although this embodiment uses a rural area in the cold Northwest as an example for detailed explanation, the design principles of this system are also applicable to other climate zones or off-grid application scenarios, and the relevant parameters can be adaptively adjusted within the above range according to actual environmental conditions.

[0091] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any changes, substitutions, or improvements that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application, based on the technical concept and principles expounded in this application, such as adjustments to the layout of each functional unit, changes in the specific form of the flow guiding component, equivalent substitutions of the gas path coordination structure, and adaptive modifications to the control logic, as long as they do not depart from the core inventive concept of this application, should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A wastewater treatment device, characterized in that: It includes a shell, and a pretreatment unit, a biological treatment unit, and a sludge removal system disposed within the shell; The biological processing unit includes multiple processing zones and at least one transition zone, wherein the processing zones and the transition zone are sequentially connected. The biological treatment unit is equipped with a flow guiding component, which divides the treatment zone and the transition zone into alternating upper and lower baffle channels; The biological treatment unit is also equipped with an aeration system, which includes an air source component and an aeration pipeline, the aeration pipeline extending into the treatment zone and the transition zone; The sludge removal system includes an air-lift sludge removal pipe, the air inlet of which is connected to the air source component, and the air outlet of which extends to the bottom of the pretreatment unit.

2. The wastewater treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The treatment zone includes an anaerobic zone, an aerobic zone, and an anoxic zone connected in sequence; the transition zone includes a first transition zone and a second transition zone. The anaerobic zone is connected to the first transition zone, the first transition zone is connected to the aerobic zone, the aerobic zone is connected to the second transition zone, and the second transition zone is connected to the hypoxic zone.

3. The wastewater treatment device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The flow guiding component is a baffle plate; The anaerobic zone and the first transition zone are connected by a first water passage hole located at the bottom. The first transition zone and the aerobic zone are connected by a second water passage located at the top. The aerobic zone and the second transition zone are connected by a third water passage located at the bottom; The second transition zone and the anoxic zone are connected by a fourth water passage located at the top.

4. The wastewater treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aeration pipeline includes a main air pipe and multiple branch air pipes. The branch air pipes extend into the treatment area and the transition area respectively, and the branch air pipes extending into the transition area are equipped with independent control valves. The sludge removal system also includes an air pipe, one end of which is connected to the air source component, and the other end is connected to the air inlet of the airlift sludge removal pipe.

5. The wastewater treatment device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The air source component is an electromagnetic air pump; the power range of the electromagnetic air pump is 15~40W; The end of the aeration pipeline is a microporous aeration pipe; the nominal diameter of the air-lift sludge discharge pipe is 20~25mm, and the nominal diameter of the air pipe is 15~20mm.

6. The wastewater treatment device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The anaerobic zone, the aerobic zone, the anoxic zone, the first transition zone, and the second transition zone are all filled with suspended biological packing material; The suspended biological packing material is a polyurethane sponge packing material or a polyethylene suspended ball packing material; the filling rate of the suspended biological packing material is 40-60%.

7. The wastewater treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pretreatment unit includes a solid-liquid separation component, an oil separation component, and a sedimentation zone; The solid-liquid separation component and the grease separation component are located at the top water inlet of the housing, and the collection components of the solid-liquid separation component and the grease separation component are detachable. The sedimentation zone is connected to the biological treatment unit, and the air outlet of the airlift sludge discharge pipe extends to the bottom of the sedimentation zone.

8. The wastewater treatment device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The solid-liquid separation assembly includes a cylindrical shell, a stainless steel filter screen, and a sealed end cap; the sealed end cap is threadedly connected to the cylindrical shell; the pore size of the stainless steel filter screen is 1~2mm.

9. The wastewater treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a disinfection unit and a water storage unit; The disinfection unit includes a disinfection chamber, which is connected to the biological treatment unit, and a disinfection component is provided inside the disinfection chamber; The water storage unit includes a clean water tank, which is connected to the disinfection chamber. The clean water tank is provided with an outlet and an overflow outlet.

10. The wastewater treatment apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that, The disinfection component is a low-pressure mercury ultraviolet lamp with a wavelength of 253.7nm and a power of 8~15W. The clean water tank is equipped with a liquid level sensor, which is electrically connected to the gas source component and the disinfection component. The sensor is configured to control the gas source component and the disinfection component to stop when the liquid level is detected to be lower than a preset threshold.

11. The wastewater treatment apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shell is a cylindrical tank; the shell is made of fiberglass or high-density polyethylene. The diameter of the shell is 600~1000mm, and the total height is 1200~1800mm.

12. An integrated in-situ wastewater purification system, characterized in that, include: The wastewater treatment apparatus as described in any one of claims 1 to 11; A thermal insulation layer is disposed on the outer wall of the shell; An external power supply module is electrically connected to the electrical equipment inside the wastewater treatment device; The control module is configured to control the start and stop of the electrical equipment based on the operating status data within the wastewater treatment device.

13. The integrated in-situ wastewater purification system according to claim 12, characterized in that, The insulation layer is a polyurethane foam insulation layer, and the thickness of the insulation layer is 50~80mm; The insulation layer is wrapped with a fiberglass protective layer. The wastewater treatment device is installed underground, and the top of the shell is covered with soil to a depth of 400-600mm.

14. The integrated in-situ wastewater purification system according to claim 12, characterized in that, The wastewater treatment device is the wastewater treatment device as described in claim 10; The external power supply module is a solar photovoltaic power supply device; The operating status data includes the liquid level data in the clean water tank; The control module is configured as follows: In response to the liquid level data reaching the full water threshold, excess water is controlled to be discharged through the overflow port; In response to the liquid level data falling below a low liquid level threshold, the power supply to the gas source component and the disinfection component is cut off.

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