Straw-based special tomato quality-improving and anti-cracking organic foliar fertilizer and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The application provides a straw-based special quality anti-cracking organic foliage fertilizer for tomatoes and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of organic functional foliage fertilizers.The application takes agricultural waste straw as the only raw material, prepares straw organic carbon sugar stock solution through enzymolysis extraction process, and prepares straw high-purity active potassium stock solution through low-temperature incineration and water-soluble leaching process, and the two are scientifically compounded according to the weight fraction ratio of 60-65:35-40 to prepare the pure organic functional foliage fertilizer.The foliage fertilizer is specially used for tomatoes in the fruit expansion period and the color changing period, can provide natural organic carbon source for the sugar synthesis of tomato fruits, significantly improves the sugar content, simultaneously thickens the fruit peel cell wall by using active potassium, significantly reduces the physiological fruit cracking rate, and can improve the fruit shape, coloring and fruit surface gloss, and prolongs the shelf life.The application realizes the efficient recycling of straw resources, is free of chemical synthetic raw materials in the whole process, is green and safe, and has remarkable economic and ecological benefits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of organic functional foliar fertilizer technology, and in particular to a straw-based organic foliar fertilizer for improving the quality and preventing cracking of tomatoes, and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Tomatoes are an important economic fruit and vegetable crop in my country, widely cultivated in major producing areas such as Inner Mongolia, Shandong, and Xinjiang. The fruit expansion and color-changing stages are crucial in determining the taste, appearance, and economic value of the tomato fruit. However, three major problems persist in current production: first, the fruit has low sugar content and bland flavor, mainly due to the reliance on chemical potassium fertilizers which fail to provide a natural organic carbon source; second, the rate of physiological fruit cracking is high, caused by insufficient cell wall toughness and an imbalance in water and fertilizer metabolism; and third, poor marketability, with unsatisfactory fruit shape, color, and luster, resulting in a short shelf life.

[0003] Currently, the widely used chemically synthesized foliar fertilizers such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium sugar alcohol can supplement potassium in the short term, but they cannot solve the fundamental problems mentioned above, and are prone to damaging plants and polluting the soil. On the other hand, my country produces a huge amount of corn and wheat straw every year, and traditional burning or disposal causes serious waste of resources and environmental pollution. Existing straw fertilizer technology is mostly composting and returning to the field, and there are no reports of extracting organic carbon sugars and active potassium from straw and compounding them into a tomato-specific foliar fertilizer. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a straw-based organic carbon sugar potassium foliar fertilizer for tomatoes, which solves the technical problem that existing chemical foliar fertilizers cannot simultaneously increase the sugar content of tomatoes, reduce the fruit cracking rate, and improve the marketability, and achieves efficient recycling of straw resources.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: This invention provides a straw-based organic carbon sugar potassium tomato-specific foliar fertilizer, comprising organic carbon sugar stock solution and active potassium stock solution, wherein the weight ratio of organic carbon sugar stock solution to active potassium stock solution is 60~65:35~40.

[0006] Preferably, the organic carbon sugar stock solution is a liquid extract rich in small molecule organic carbon, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides, prepared from crop straw through enzymatic hydrolysis, solid-liquid separation, concentration, and fine filtration. The crop straw is any one of corn straw, wheat straw, or a mixture of both.

[0007] Preferably, the active potassium stock solution is a water-soluble organic potassium liquid extract prepared by using crop straw as raw material, obtaining wood ash through low-temperature incineration, and then leaching, multi-stage filtration, and static sedimentation.

[0008] This invention also provides a method for preparing the straw-based organic carbon sugar potassium tomato-specific foliar fertilizer, comprising the following steps: 1. Preparation of organic sugar stock solution: 1.1. Crush the crop straw and mix it with water. Heat the mixture to 55℃~60℃, add cellulase and pectinase, and enzymatically extract the solution under sealed temperature to obtain the enzymatic hydrolysate. 1.2. The enzymatic hydrolysate is coarsely filtered through a 70-80 mesh filter to obtain a crude extract of carbon sugars; 1.3. The crude extract of carbon sugar is concentrated under vacuum and then filtered through a 180-200 mesh filter to obtain the organic carbon sugar stock solution; 2. Preparation of active potassium stock solution: 2.1. Burn the straw at 450℃~500℃ and collect the straw ash; 2.2. Mix straw ash with water, stir and leach for 2-3 hours to obtain potassium mixed leachate; 2.3. The potassium mixed leachate is first filtered through an 80-100 mesh filter and then through a plate and frame filter press for precision filtration. The resulting filtrate is allowed to stand and settle for 20-24 hours. The supernatant is then taken to obtain the active potassium stock solution. 3. Compound modulation: Mix 60-65 parts by weight of the organic sugar stock solution obtained in step 1 with 35-40 parts by weight of the active potassium stock solution obtained in step 2, stir for 30-40 minutes, and filter through a 300-320 mesh sterile filter to obtain the finished product.

[0009] Preferably, the pulverization in step 1 is pulverization to a particle size of 0.5cm to 1cm; the mixing is mixing at a solid-liquid weight ratio of 1:4 to 6.

[0010] Preferably, the amount of cellulase and pectinase added is 1.0% to 1.2% of the straw mass, and the mass ratio of cellulase to pectinase is 2 to 3:1; the enzyme activity is ≥10000 U / g. The enzymatic hydrolysis time is 12-15 h; The vacuum concentration conditions are: vacuum degree of -0.07 to -0.08 MPa, temperature of 45 to 50°C, and concentration to 1 / 3 of the original volume.

[0011] Preferably, the mixing in step 2.2 is a mixture with a solid-liquid weight ratio of 1:3 to 5.

[0012] Preferably, the pH of the compounded solution described in step 3 is adjusted to 6.5-7.5 before filtration.

[0013] The present invention also provides an application of the foliar fertilizer described above or the foliar fertilizer prepared by the method described above in tomato cultivation. It is sprayed 1 to 2 times each in the early stage of fruit expansion, the middle stage of fruit expansion and the early stage of color change of tomatoes. The foliar fertilizer is diluted 280 to 320 times and sprayed evenly on the front and back of the leaves and the fruit stalk.

[0014] Beneficial effects

[0015] 1. Significantly increases tomato fruit sugar content and greatly optimizes taste and flavor: The foliar fertilizer provided by this invention directly provides a basic carbon source for tomato fruit sugar synthesis through pure natural straw organic carbon sugar, promoting the accumulation of soluble solids, fructose, and glucose in the fruit, increasing tomato sugar content, making it sweet and sour with a rich fruit flavor, completely solving the problem of bland taste caused by chemical fertilizers, and significantly increasing the premium price of high-quality fruit. At the same time, it supplements organic carbon sugar, quickly replenishes leaf nutrition, improves photosynthetic efficiency, delays the senescence of leaves after spraying chemical potassium fertilizers and slows down the rate of yellowing and premature aging, and prolongs the green period of functional leaves.

[0016] 2. Effectively reduces tomato cracking rate and minimizes economic losses in planting: The natural active potassium in straw thickens the cell wall fiber toughness of tomato peel, balances the growth rate of pulp and peel, regulates the physiological metabolism of water and fertilizer in plants, significantly reduces the rate of physiological cracking, prevents fruit cracking and yield reduction during the fruit expansion and color change period, and has an outstanding effect on protecting and protecting fruit.

[0017] 3. Comprehensive improvement of tomato marketability and significant increase in grading qualification rate: The synergistic effect of organic carbon sugar and active potassium promotes regular tomato shape, uniform coloring, and bright gloss on the fruit surface. The proportion of deformed and small fruits is greatly reduced, and the post-harvest shelf life is extended, which fully meets the green tomato purchase standards of high-end supermarkets and has a significant effect on increasing income per mu.

[0018] 4. Purely organic, green, and safe, with no residues or pollution: Made entirely from straw biomass raw materials, with no chemically synthesized raw materials, hormones, or heavy metal residues. It is suitable for green and organic tomato planting models, does not pollute the soil, does not damage the plants, and allows for rapid absorption by the leaves with no risk of fertilizer or pesticide damage.

[0019] 5. The recycling of straw resources has significant ecological benefits: Agricultural waste straw is sourced locally, turning waste into treasure, solving the problem of environmental pollution caused by straw burning, realizing the recycling of agricultural waste, which is in line with the national industrial policies of green agriculture and ecological agriculture, and has extremely high value for promotion and application. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Example 1: Preparation method of straw-based organic carbon sugar potassium foliar fertilizer for tomatoes

[0022] 1. Organic Carbon Sugar Stock Solution Extraction and Preparation Process

[0023] 1.1 Straw pretreatment and crushing process: Select dry wheat straw that is free from mold, rot, and pesticide residues, remove impurities, soil, and weeds from the straw roots, and use a straw-specific crusher for ultrafine crushing. After crushing, the particle size of the straw material is controlled between 0.5cm and 1cm. The crushed fine straw material is placed in a sealed pretreatment storage tank for later use, which increases the contact area of ​​the straw for subsequent extraction and improves the carbon sugar extraction rate.

[0024] 1.2 Constant Temperature Enzymatic Extraction Process: The crushed wheat straw material and purified water are added to a sealed constant temperature extraction reactor at a solid-liquid weight ratio of 1:5 and stirred until evenly mixed. The temperature is slowly raised to a constant 55℃, and cellulase and pectinase are added at a mass ratio of 3:1 (total amount is 1.2% of the wheat straw mass, and the enzyme activity of both cellulase and pectinase is ≥10000U / g). The constant temperature sealed extraction enzymatic hydrolysis reaction is carried out for 13 hours to break down the molecular structure of straw cellulose and hemicellulose, and fully degrade and release the natural polysaccharides, oligosaccharides and soluble organic carbon inside the straw, converting them into small molecule organic carbon sugars that can be directly absorbed by the leaves of crops.

[0025] 1.3 Coarse filtration and slag removal process: After the enzymatic hydrolysis reaction is completed, the reaction vessel filtration and discharge system is turned on. First, an 80-mesh stainless steel filter screen is used for initial coarse filtration to thoroughly remove straw solid residue and coarse fiber impurities, retaining only the carbon sugar crude extract. The filtered solid straw residue is uniformly recycled and can be returned to the field for secondary use, with no waste discharge.

[0026] 1.4 Fine filtration, concentration and purification process: The coarsely filtered organic sugar crude extract is sent to a vacuum low temperature concentration device (the conditions are a vacuum degree of -0.08MPa and a temperature of 50℃). It is concentrated to 1 / 3 of the original volume under low temperature negative pressure environment, and then finely filtered again through a 200-mesh precision filter to remove trace suspended impurities. Finally, a straw natural organic sugar stock solution with a purity of ≥98% is prepared and stored in a sealed and light-proof container for later use.

[0027] 2. Preparation of active potassium stock solution

[0028] 2.1 Low-temperature smokeless burning process of straw: Take the pre-treated, dry and clean wheat straw and put it into a closed environmentally friendly smokeless incinerator for low-temperature controllable burning. Strictly control the burning temperature at 450℃~500℃ for full combustion at low temperature to avoid potassium volatilization and loss caused by high-temperature burning, and ensure that all potassium elements inside the straw are solidified and retained in the straw ash. After burning, collect the pure straw ash and remove burning clumps, impurities and unburned straw residue.

[0029] 2.2 Potassium water leaching process: The collected pure straw ash and purified water are put into a stirring dissolving tank at a solid-liquid weight ratio of 1:4. The mixture is continuously stirred and leached at room temperature (25℃) for 2 hours to fully dissolve the natural active potassium salts and organic potassium ions in the straw ash into the water, forming a potassium mixed leachate.

[0030] 2.3 Multi-stage filtration and purification process: After potassium leaching, the liquid is first filtered through a 100-mesh filter to remove straw ash solid waste, and then filtered under high pressure by a plate and frame filter press to thoroughly remove insoluble impurities, trace heavy metal precipitates, and all ineffective residues and harmful impurities. The filtered liquid is allowed to stand for 24 hours to settle, and the clear liquid at the top is taken to prepare a highly active straw water-soluble organic potassium stock solution, which is then sealed and stored for later use.

[0031] 3. Compound modulation

[0032] According to the weight ratio, take 60 parts of organic carbon sugar stock solution and 35 parts of active potassium stock solution, and put the two stock solutions into the fully automatic sterile compounding and mixing tank in sequence. Stir continuously at low speed at room temperature (25℃) for 30 minutes to ensure that the organic carbon sugar and active potassium molecules are fully integrated and uniformly mixed to form a stable, non-stratified, non-precipitated, and easily absorbed mixed mother liquor.

[0033] The mixed mother liquor after compounding is finally filtered through a 300-mesh sterile precision filter to remove bacteria and impurities. The pH value is then tested and adjusted to the neutral range suitable for absorption by tomato leaves (6.5~7.5). After passing the test, it is directly aseptically filled, sealed and labeled to produce the finished straw-based organic carbon sugar potassium tomato-specific quality-enhancing and crack-resistant organic foliar fertilizer.

[0034] Experimental Example 1

[0035] 1. The experiment used the locally grown pink tomato variety (Ham No. 9). After transplanting, the plants were managed with conventional base fertilizer. Plants with balanced growth, no diseases or pests, and consistent fruit load were selected for the experiment.

[0036] The experiment was set up with 3 treatments, arranged in a randomized block design, with each plot area being 20m². 2 Each plot has 42 tomato plants, and buffer rows are set up between plots to avoid cross-contamination of fertilizer and water.

[0037] Treatment 1 (Experimental Group): The straw-based organic carbon sugar potassium foliar fertilizer prepared in Example 1 of this invention was diluted 300 times and sprayed. Treatment 2 (Control 1): Commercially available agricultural potassium dihydrogen phosphate, diluted 800 times according to instructions and sprayed. Treatment 3 (Control 2): ​​Clean water blank control.

[0038] The spraying period was uniformly set at the early stage of tomato fruit expansion, the middle stage of fruit expansion, and the early stage of color change. Each stage was sprayed twice consecutively, with an interval of 7 days. The spraying standard was to evenly wet both sides of the leaves and the fruit stalks until dripping water. The amount of water used for each single spraying was kept consistent for each treatment.

[0039] 2. After tomatoes matured and changed color, various indicators were measured. Random samples were taken from each plot, with three replicates per group, and the average value was recorded. Soluble solids (sugar content) in the fruit were measured using a digital refractometer based on the refraction method. Seven days before harvest, the number of physiologically cracked fruits and the number of qualified marketable fruits were counted on each plant in the field, and the corresponding percentages were calculated. Fifteen days after the last spray, the yellowing of functional leaves was investigated, and the leaf yellowing rate was recorded. Intact, mature fruits from each plot were selected and stored in a dark environment at 25℃ and 70% humidity until the fruits lost their commercial value, and the average shelf life was recorded. The results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0040] Table 1 Results of detection indicators

[0041] As shown in Table 1, conventional potassium dihydrogen phosphate only indirectly promotes sugar transport by supplementing potassium, while the straw-derived small-molecule organic carbon sugars of this invention can be directly absorbed and utilized by the leaves, rapidly supplementing photosynthetic carbon sources, accelerating the accumulation of soluble sugars in the fruit, and significantly improving the flavor and quality of the fruit. The prepared active potassium is highly active ionic potassium, which can rapidly thicken the cellulose structure of the pericarp cell wall, enhance the toughness and extensibility of the pericarp, and simultaneously balance the turgor pressure of the pulp and the growth rate of the pericarp. Its anti-cracking and fruit preservation effects are far superior to conventional chemical potassium fertilizers, and can significantly reduce yield losses caused by fruit cracking during the fruit expansion and color change period. Organic carbon sugars and active potassium synergistically regulate the synthesis of endogenous pigments in tomatoes and the development of fruit morphology, significantly reducing secondary fruits such as green shoulders, mottled skin, and deformities. The fruits are well-shaped, uniformly colored, and have a glossy pericarp, resulting in a high marketable fruit rate. The pericarp cell wall structure is dense and compact, significantly slowing down the rate of fruit dehydration, wrinkling, softening, and decay, extending the post-harvest shelf life by nearly double, effectively reducing losses during long-distance transportation and storage, and improving the commercial value of tomatoes. Straw organic sugars can directly supplement photosynthetic substrates in leaves, delay chlorophyll degradation, prolong the greening time of functional leaves and the photosynthetic cycle, and provide nutrient support for the continuous expansion and color change of fruits, avoiding premature aging of plants in the later stages that affects yield and quality. In summary, the synergistic effect of straw small-molecule organic sugars and active potassium provided by this invention improves the quality of tomato fruits.

[0042] In summary, this invention, using straw as raw material and an innovative dual-process coupling to prepare an organic foliar fertilizer, can precisely solve the problems of sweetening, crack resistance, and quality improvement in tomato cultivation through both carbon source supply and physiological regulation, and has extremely high industrial promotion value and ecological benefits.

[0043] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A straw-based organic carbon-sugar-potassium foliar fertilizer specifically for tomatoes, characterized in that, It includes organic carbon sugar stock solution and active potassium stock solution, wherein the weight ratio of organic carbon sugar stock solution to active potassium stock solution is 60~65:35~40.

2. The straw-based organic carbon-sugar-potassium tomato-specific foliar fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The organic carbon sugar stock solution is a liquid extract rich in small molecule organic carbon, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides, prepared from crop straw through enzymatic hydrolysis, solid-liquid separation, concentration, and fine filtration. The crop straw is any one of corn straw, wheat straw, or a mixture of both.

3. The straw-based organic carbon-sugar-potassium tomato-specific foliar fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The active potassium stock solution is a water-soluble organic potassium liquid extract prepared by using crop straw as raw material, obtaining wood ash through low-temperature incineration, and then leaching, multi-stage filtration, and static sedimentation.

4. A method for preparing a straw-based organic carbon-sugar-potassium tomato-specific foliar fertilizer as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, Includes the following steps:

1. Preparation of organic carbon sugar stock solution: 1.

1. Crush the crop straw and mix it with water. Heat the mixture to 55℃~60℃, add cellulase and pectinase, and enzymatically extract the solution under sealed temperature to obtain the enzymatic hydrolysate. 1.

2. The enzymatic hydrolysate is coarsely filtered through a 70-80 mesh filter to obtain a crude extract of carbon sugars; 1.

3. The crude extract of carbon sugar is concentrated under vacuum and then filtered through a 180-200 mesh filter to obtain the organic carbon sugar stock solution; 2. Preparation of active potassium stock solution: 2.

1. Burn crop straw at 450℃~500℃ and collect the straw ash; 2.

2. Mix straw ash with water, stir and leach for 2-3 hours to obtain potassium mixed leachate; 2.

3. The potassium mixed leachate is first filtered through an 80-100 mesh filter and then through a plate and frame filter press for precision filtration. The resulting filtrate is allowed to stand and settle for 20-24 hours. The supernatant is then taken to obtain the active potassium stock solution.

3. Compound modulation: Mix 60-65 parts by weight of the organic sugar stock solution obtained in step 1 with 35-40 parts by weight of the active potassium stock solution obtained in step 2, stir for 30-40 minutes, and filter through a 300-320 mesh sterile filter to obtain the finished product.

5. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The pulverization mentioned in step 1 refers to pulverizing to a particle size of 0.5cm to 1cm; the mixing refers to mixing at a solid-liquid weight ratio of 1:4 to 6.

6. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The amount of cellulase and pectinase added is 1.0% to 1.2% of the straw mass, and the mass ratio of cellulase to pectinase is 2 to 3:1; the enzyme activity is ≥10000U / g. The enzymatic hydrolysis time is 12-15 h; The conditions for vacuum low-temperature concentration are: vacuum degree of -0.07 to -0.08 MPa, temperature of 45 to 50°C, and concentration to 1 / 3 of the original volume.

7. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The mixing described in step 2.2 is a mixture with a solid-liquid weight ratio of 1:3 to 5.

8. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The pH of the compounded solution described in step 3 is adjusted to 6.5-7.5 before filtration.

9. The application of a foliar fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 3 or a foliar fertilizer prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 4 to 8 in tomato cultivation, characterized in that, Spray the foliar fertilizer 1-2 times each during the early, middle and early stages of fruit expansion and color change of tomatoes. The foliar fertilizer should be diluted 280-320 times and sprayed evenly on both sides of the leaves and the fruit stalk.

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