Method for preparing organic fertilizer for garden greening after detoxification of livestock and poultry waste

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of organic fertilizer preparation, and discloses a method for preparing garden greening organic fertilizer from detoxified livestock and poultry waste, which comprises the following steps: collecting livestock and poultry waste raw materials, pre-detoxifying after sorting, then performing alkali hydrolysis treatment, finally using saturated steam for deep detoxification to obtain pretreated raw materials; the pretreated raw materials are mixed and stirred with carbon source accessories, pH adjusting aids and fungicide carriers to obtain a fermentation substrate; the fermentation substrate is subjected to compost fermentation by using composite strains, the moisture content of the material is controlled to be 55%-57%, the pH is maintained to be 6.8-7.4, and the garden greening organic fertilizer is obtained after the fermentation is completed. The whole process and components form a synergistic effect, the overall material decomposition period is shortened, the resource utilization rate of the livestock and poultry waste is improved, the final product meets the use requirements of the garden greening organic fertilizer, the harmless treatment of the livestock and poultry waste is realized, and the method has environmental benefits and application value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of organic fertilizer preparation technology, specifically to a method for preparing landscaping organic fertilizer from detoxified livestock and poultry waste. Background Technology

[0002] The landscaping industry has a continuous demand for organic fertilizers, and livestock and poultry slaughter waste is an important source of raw materials for its production. Resource utilization of waste can be achieved through harmless treatment and composting technologies. Currently, the industry's treatment processes for livestock and poultry slaughter waste generally have design flaws. Most companies use a process arrangement of high-temperature sterilization followed by hydrolysis. High temperatures cause the protein and fat macromolecules in livestock and poultry to solidify, making subsequent hydrolysis difficult to complete. This results in a high proportion of recalcitrant components in the material, insufficient substrate available for microorganisms in the composting stage, and slow fermentation initiation. Some companies directly perform hydrolysis and sterilization on the raw materials without a pre-cleaning and detoxification process. Impurities and bacteria adhering to the surface of the raw materials will enter subsequent processes, increasing the consumption of chemicals and energy, and causing equipment wear. Washing after sterilization can easily introduce exogenous microorganisms, leading to secondary pollution. In the fermentation substrate preparation stage, many production enterprises fail to accurately adjust the carbon source according to the high-nitrogen characteristics of livestock and poultry waste. An imbalance in the carbon-nitrogen ratio is a common problem. Excessive carbon source addition leads to insufficient nutrient supply for microorganisms, while a lack of carbon source triggers large-scale anaerobic reactions in the fermentation system. Currently, the microbial strains used in composting are mostly single strains or only suitable for straw-like materials, failing to fully decompose the protein and fat substances from livestock and poultry. Some enterprises directly use anaerobic microbial communities for composting, which is incompatible with aerobic fermentation systems. In summary, the organic fertilizer prepared by existing processes has insufficient maturity, a long fermentation cycle, is prone to producing odors during fermentation, has a low material resource utilization rate, and struggles to consistently produce organic fertilizer that meets the standards for landscaping use. Furthermore, it fails to simultaneously meet the dual requirements of harmless waste treatment and resource utilization.

[0003] Based on this, this application provides a method for preparing organic fertilizer for landscaping after detoxification of livestock and poultry waste. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Technical problems to be solved To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a method for preparing organic fertilizer for landscaping after detoxification of livestock and poultry waste. By optimizing the pretreatment sequence, substrate ratio, and composite microbial system, the method solves the problems of long composting cycles, incomplete harmlessness, and severe odor in existing processes.

[0005] Technical solution To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A method for preparing organic fertilizer for landscaping after detoxification of livestock and poultry waste includes the following steps: S1. After the collection and sorting of livestock and poultry waste raw materials, they are pre-detoxified, then subjected to alkaline hydrolysis treatment, and finally deep detoxified with saturated steam to obtain pre-treated raw materials. S2. Mix the pretreated raw materials with carbon source auxiliary materials, pH adjustment aids and microbial carriers to obtain the fermentation substrate; S3. Use compound microbial strains to compost the fermentation substrate obtained in step S2. During the fermentation process, the moisture content of the material is controlled at 55%-57%, and the pH is maintained at 6.8-7.4. After fermentation, the garden greening organic fertilizer is obtained.

[0006] Furthermore, in step S1, the collection and sorting of livestock and poultry waste materials specifically involves collecting fresh waste after slaughter and removing metal debris, plastics, hard bones, hooves, and hair; the total content of solid impurities after sorting is ≤0.5%.

[0007] Furthermore, in step S1, the pre-detoxification treatment involves rinsing the material 2-3 times with 1.0-1.5MPa high-pressure clean water to remove surface blood, impurities, and floating bacteria, and then draining it to a moisture content of 75%-80%.

[0008] Further, in step S1, the alkaline hydration hydrolysis treatment involves adding 0.5%-1.0% of quicklime or sodium hydroxide by weight of the raw material, adjusting the pH to 11.0-12.0, controlling the temperature at 120-130℃, the pressure at 0.15-0.20MPa, maintaining continuous stirring throughout the process, and hydrolysis for 40-60 minutes.

[0009] Furthermore, in step S1, the specific operation of the deep detoxification with saturated steam is as follows: saturated steam is introduced into the material after alkaline hydrolysis, the temperature is controlled at 135-145℃, the pressure is 0.25-0.35MPa, and the process is maintained for 20-30 minutes.

[0010] In step S1 above, a preliminary detoxification treatment is first performed, where high-pressure water rinsing removes blood, impurities, and floating bacteria from the surface of the raw materials, reducing the initial bacterial count and minimizing subsequent consumption of alkali and steam energy. This also prevents impurities from damaging the hydrolysis and sterilization equipment. Following this, an alkaline hydrolysis treatment is implemented, using an alkaline environment to break down long protein and fat molecular chains, decomposing large organic molecules into readily usable substrates such as peptides and small fatty acids. Simultaneously, the alkaline solution helps degrade some biotoxins and weakens the protective layer of heat-resistant microorganisms. Finally, a deep detoxification step is performed, where high temperature and pressure thoroughly kill microorganisms and spores whose resistance has decreased after alkali treatment. High temperature further solidifies the hydrolysis products, preventing excessive inhibition of subsequent fermentation strains by alkaline substances, and simultaneously completing the final harmless detoxification process.

[0011] Simultaneously, the conventional sterilization process is divided into two parts: alkaline hydrolysis at 120-130℃ and deep steam detoxification at 135-145℃. This solves the problems of long heating times and side reactions such as Maillard reactions of some free amino acids, which are caused by the pursuit of high sterilization rates and generate compounds that are difficult for microorganisms to utilize, thus reducing the subsequent composting effect. In this step, the core function of alkaline hydrolysis is the chemical degradation of macromolecular organic matter, with the reaction driving force coming from the alkaline environment and moderate temperature; while the core function of saturated steam deep detoxification is the physical killing of spores and other microorganisms.

[0012] In other alternative implementations, reducing the saturated steam temperature to 125-130°C, adjusting the pressure accordingly to 0.15-0.20 MPa, and extending the treatment time to 30-40 minutes can also achieve the same spore-killing effect.

[0013] In other alternative implementations, alternative deep detoxification methods include chemical disinfection with the addition of a 0.5%-1.0% peracetic acid solution.

[0014] In other alternative implementations, alternative deep detoxification methods include microwave-assisted heating at 2450 MHz for 5-10 minutes.

[0015] Furthermore, in step S3, the composting fermentation is specifically divided into a heating stage, a stabilization stage, and a maturation stage. The temperature in the heating stage is set at 50-58℃, and the compost is turned every 24 hours. After 2-3 days, the compost enters the stabilization stage, where the temperature is set at 58-65℃, and the compost is turned every 48 hours. After 4-8 days, the compost enters the maturation stage, where the temperature naturally drops back to 40-50℃, and the compost is turned every 72 hours until the material reaches the fully matured index.

[0016] Furthermore, in step S3, the composting fermentation pile has dimensions of 1.2-1.4m high, 2.0-2.5m wide, and unlimited length.

[0017] Furthermore, in step S3, the composite microbial strain consists of 1×10⁻⁶ live bacteria. 10 The CFU / mg of Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus stearothermophilus, actinomycetes thermophilus, and Bacillus subtilis were obtained by mixing them in a mass ratio of (35-45):(20-30):(15-20):(5-10).

[0018] In the above technical solution, *Bacillus licheniformis* secretes extracellular proteases and lipases to efficiently degrade animal-derived proteins and fats, converting them into amino acids and fatty acids. *Bacillus stearothermophilus* maintains vigorous metabolism at a high temperature of 55-65℃, decomposing cellulose substances and producing heat-resistant spores to maintain the stability of the microbial community. Thermostable actinomycetes decompose lignocellulose and hemicellulose, further converting complex carbohydrates into monosaccharides. *Bacillus subtilis* colonizes during the cooling phase, secreting antibiotic-like substances to inhibit pathogens while simultaneously promoting humic substance synthesis. The four strains form a relay-style metabolism along the temperature gradient, ensuring that organic matter is completely degraded throughout the entire fermentation cycle, with no degradation window.

[0019] Furthermore, in step S3, the compound microbial strain is added at 0.5-0.8% of the total mass of the material, diluted with water 5-10 times before use, and sprayed evenly into the material and mixed thoroughly.

[0020] Furthermore, the complete curing index is: the temperature difference between the pile body and the ambient temperature is ≤5℃ for 72 consecutive hours, and it no longer spontaneously heats up and the C / N ratio of the pile material drops to ≤18:1.

[0021] Further, in step S2, the mass ratio of the pretreatment raw material, carbon source auxiliary material, pH adjustment aid, and bacterial agent carrier is (60-70):(30-35):(1-2):(1-2).

[0022] The carbon source material can be corn stalks, rice husks, or mushroom residue, crushed to a particle size of 1-3 cm. The pH adjusting agent is at least one of quicklime, wood ash, and hydrated lime.

[0023] The microbial agent carrier is at least one of bentonite, diatomaceous earth, and wheat bran.

[0024] Furthermore, in step S2, the mixing and stirring are carried out at a speed of 200-300 r / min for a duration of 8-12 min.

[0025] Beneficial technical effects In this invention, the pretreatment process sequence for livestock and poultry slaughter waste is optimized, sequentially completing pre-detoxification, alkaline hydrolysis, and deep detoxification with saturated steam. The pre-cleaning process removes impurities and bacteria from the raw material surface, reducing reagent consumption and equipment wear in subsequent processes, while avoiding secondary pollution from post-sterilization washing. The alkaline hydrolysis process effectively breaks down the large molecular chains of organic matter, enhancing the material's biodegradability. Combined with end-stage high-temperature deep sterilization, this achieves multi-level harmless treatment, improving the stability of the subsequent composting system from the source.

[0026] This technical solution uses a fixed ratio of carbon source additives, pH adjusters, and microbial carriers. Based on the characteristics of the raw materials, it regulates the carbon-nitrogen ratio, moisture content, and pH environment of the fermentation substrate to construct a basic system suitable for aerobic microbial growth. This avoids fermentation abnormalities caused by nutrient imbalances and ensures the continuous normal metabolic activities of microorganisms. Furthermore, this technology employs a segmented composting management model, adjusting the temperature and turning frequency according to different fermentation stages to maintain a stable aerobic environment, inhibit anaerobic reactions, reduce odor generation, and improve the working environment.

[0027] This technology uses a multi-strain compound of heat-resistant microorganisms. The different strains complement each other and can decompose the protein, fat and crude fiber components in the material respectively. The microbial community has strong overall resistance and can adapt to temperature changes throughout the composting process. Compared with single strains or single-function microbial communities, the decomposition of organic matter is more comprehensive and thorough. Detailed Implementation

[0028] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] The livestock and poultry waste materials used in the embodiments and comparative examples of this invention are slaughtering by-products from livestock and poultry slaughtering enterprises. The raw materials include soft tissue residues, residual blood and flesh, and visceral by-products, but do not contain large amounts of feces or fur. The raw materials are collected and disposed of daily after slaughter, transported in sealed containers, with the transport temperature controlled at 20-30℃, and the temporary storage time not exceeding 4 hours.

[0030] The strains were sourced as follows: Bacillus licheniformis: Model LK-01, manufactured by Tianjin Development Zone Kunhe Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0031] Thermophilic Bacillus stearothermophilus: Model RF-R08, manufactured by Baoding Ruigu Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0032] High-temperature actinomycetes: Model GN-G03, manufactured by Gansu Lvneng Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd.

[0033] Bacillus subtilis: Model XF-02. The Bacillus subtilis used in Comparative Example 5 was the room temperature type XF-01, manufactured by Hebi Xiahe Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0034] Lactobacillus plantarum: JYLP-002, Shandong Zhongke Jiayi Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0035] Enterococcus faecalis: National Standard General Type, Shandong Yihao Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0036] Lactic acid bacteria: LA-G80, Junyao Runying Biotechnology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.

[0037] Example 1 A method for preparing organic fertilizer for landscaping after detoxification of livestock and poultry waste specifically includes the following steps: S1. Collect fresh livestock and poultry waste after slaughter, remove metal debris, plastics, hard bones, hooves, and hair. Put the sorted material into a hydrolysis machine and rinse it twice with 1.5MPa high-pressure water to remove surface blood, impurities, and floating bacteria. Drain until the moisture content is 80% to complete pre-detoxification. Add 0.7% quicklime by weight of the raw material to the pre-detoxified material, control the temperature at 125℃ and the pressure at 0.17MPa, and keep the stirring continuously at 200r / min for 50 minutes of alkaline hydrolysis. After alkaline hydrolysis, introduce saturated steam into the material, control the temperature at 140℃ and the pressure at 0.30MPa, and maintain it for 25 minutes to complete deep detoxification with saturated steam. After detoxification, release the pressure at a uniform rate for 15 minutes to obtain the pre-treated raw material.

[0038] S2. According to the mass ratio of 65:32:1.5:1.5, the pretreated raw materials, corn stalks crushed to a particle size of 2cm, quicklime and bentonite are put into the mixer and mixed evenly. The mixing speed is 200rpm and the mixing time is 10min to obtain the fermentation substrate.

[0039] S3, Select a viable bacteria count of 1×10⁻⁶ 10 A compound microbial strain was prepared by mixing Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus stearothermophilus, thermophilic actinomycetes, and Bacillus subtilis (CFU / mg) in a mass ratio of 40:25:18:7. 0.6% of the compound microbial strain was weighed from the total fermentation substrate, diluted 8 times with water, and then evenly sprayed onto the fermentation substrate and mixed thoroughly. The mixed material was then piled into a heap 1.3m high, 2.2m wide, and of unlimited length for composting fermentation. The moisture content of the material was controlled at 56% throughout the process, and 0.1m of [unspecified material] was added. The pH is maintained at 7.1 using 1 / L dilute sulfuric acid. During the fermentation heating stage, the temperature is controlled at 54℃, and the pile is turned every 24 hours. After 2 days, it enters the stabilization stage, where the temperature is controlled at 62℃, and the pile is turned every 48 hours. After 6 days, it enters the maturation stage, where the pile temperature naturally drops to 45℃, and the pile is turned every 72 hours until the pile temperature is ≤5℃ from the ambient temperature for 72 consecutive hours, no longer spontaneously heating up, and the C / N ratio of the pile material drops to ≤18:1. Fermentation is then complete, and the organic fertilizer for landscaping is obtained.

[0040] Example 2 A method for preparing organic fertilizer for landscaping after detoxification of livestock and poultry waste specifically includes the following steps: S1. Collect fresh livestock and poultry waste after slaughter, remove metal debris, plastics, hard bones, hooves, and hair. Put the sorted material into a hydrolysis machine and rinse it twice with 1.5MPa high-pressure water to remove surface blood, impurities, and floating bacteria. Drain until the moisture content is 80% to complete pre-detoxification. Add 0.5% sodium hydroxide by weight of the raw material to the pre-detoxified material, control the temperature at 120℃ and the pressure at 0.15MPa, and keep the stirring continuously at 200r / min for 40 minutes of alkaline hydrolysis. After alkaline hydrolysis, introduce saturated steam into the material, control the temperature at 135℃ and the pressure at 0.25MPa, and maintain it for 20 minutes to complete deep detoxification with saturated steam. After detoxification, release the pressure at a uniform rate for 15 minutes to obtain the pre-treated raw material.

[0041] S2. According to the mass ratio of 60:35:1:2, the pretreated raw materials, rice husks crushed to a particle size of 1cm, wood ash and diatomaceous earth are put into the mixer and mixed evenly to obtain the fermentation substrate.

[0042] S3, Select a viable bacteria count of 1×10⁻⁶ 10 A compound microbial strain was prepared by mixing Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus stearothermophilus, thermophilic actinomycetes, and Bacillus subtilis (CFU / mg) in a mass ratio of 35:20:15:10. 0.5% of the compound microbial strain was weighed out of the total fermentation substrate, diluted 5 times with water, and then evenly sprayed onto the fermentation substrate and mixed thoroughly. The mixed material was then piled into a heap 1.2m high, 2.0m wide, and of unlimited length for composting fermentation. The moisture content of the material was controlled at 55% throughout the process, and 0.1% moisture was added as needed. The pH was maintained at 6.8 using mol / L dilute sulfuric acid. During the fermentation heating stage, the temperature was controlled at 50℃, and the pile was turned every 24 hours. After 3 days, the pile entered the stabilization stage, where the temperature was controlled at 58℃, and the pile was turned every 48 hours. After 4 days, the pile entered the maturation stage, where the pile temperature naturally dropped to 40℃, and the pile was turned every 72 hours until the pile temperature remained ≤5℃ from the ambient temperature for 72 consecutive hours, no longer spontaneously heated, and the C / N ratio of the pile material dropped to ≤18:1. Fermentation was then complete, and the organic fertilizer for landscaping was obtained.

[0043] Example 3 A method for preparing organic fertilizer for landscaping after detoxification of livestock and poultry waste specifically includes the following steps: S1. Collect fresh livestock and poultry waste after slaughter, remove metal debris, plastics, hard bones, hooves, and hair. Put the sorted material into a hydrolysis machine and rinse it twice with 1.5MPa high-pressure water to remove surface blood, impurities, and floating bacteria. Drain until the moisture content is 80% to complete pre-detoxification. Add 1.0% quicklime by weight of the raw material to the pre-detoxified material, control the temperature at 130℃ and the pressure at 0.20MPa, and keep the stirring continuous at 200r / min for 60 minutes of alkaline hydrolysis. After alkaline hydrolysis, introduce saturated steam into the material, control the temperature at 145℃ and the pressure at 0.35MPa, and maintain it for 30 minutes to complete deep detoxification with saturated steam. After detoxification, release the pressure at a uniform rate for 15 minutes to obtain the pre-treated raw material.

[0044] S2. According to the mass ratio of 70:30:2:1, the pretreated raw materials, mushroom residue crushed to a particle size of 3cm, quicklime, and wheat bran are put into the mixer and mixed evenly to obtain the fermentation substrate.

[0045] S3, Select a viable bacteria count of 1×10⁻⁶ 10 A compound microbial strain was prepared by mixing Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus stearothermophilus, thermophilic actinomycetes, and Bacillus subtilis (CFU / mg) in a mass ratio of 45:30:20:5. 0.8% of the compound microbial strain was weighed out of the fermentation substrate, diluted 10 times with water, and then evenly sprayed onto the fermentation substrate and mixed thoroughly. The mixed material was then piled into a heap 1.4m high, 2.5m wide, and of unlimited length for composting fermentation. The moisture content of the material was controlled at 57% throughout the process, and 0.1% moisture was added as needed. The pH was maintained at 7.4 using mol / L dilute sulfuric acid. During the fermentation heating stage, the temperature was controlled at 58℃, and the pile was turned every 24 hours. After 2 days, it entered the stabilization stage, where the temperature was controlled at 65℃, and the pile was turned every 48 hours. After 8 days, it entered the maturation stage, where the pile temperature naturally dropped to 50℃, and the pile was turned every 72 hours until the pile temperature remained ≤5℃ from the ambient temperature for 72 consecutive hours, no longer spontaneously heated, and the C / N ratio of the pile material dropped to ≤18:1. Fermentation was then complete, and the organic fertilizer for landscaping was obtained.

[0046] Comparative Example 1 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the order of the pretreatment steps was adjusted in the preparation process of the pretreatment raw materials in this comparative example. Specifically, the pretreatment raw materials in step S1 of this comparative example are prepared by the following steps: Collect fresh livestock and poultry waste after slaughter, remove metal debris, plastics, hard bones, hooves, and hair, and add 0.7% quicklime by weight of the raw materials directly to the material. Control the temperature at 125℃ and the pressure at 0.17MPa, and maintain continuous stirring at 200r / min for 50 minutes of alkaline hydrolysis. After alkaline hydrolysis, introduce saturated steam into the material, control the temperature at 140℃ and the pressure at 0.30MPa, and maintain this for 25 minutes to complete deep detoxification with saturated steam. After detoxification, release the pressure at a uniform rate for 15 minutes. Put the sterilized material into a hydrolysis machine and rinse it twice with 1.5MPa high-pressure clean water. Drain the material until the moisture content is 80% to obtain pretreated raw materials.

[0047] Comparative Example 2 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the order of the pretreatment steps was adjusted in the preparation process of the pretreatment raw materials in this comparative example. Specifically, the pretreatment raw materials in step S1 of this comparative example are prepared by the following steps: Collect fresh livestock and poultry waste after slaughter, remove metal debris, plastics, hard bones, hooves, and hair, and put the sorted material into a hydrolysis machine. Rinse the material twice with 1.5MPa high-pressure water to remove surface blood, impurities, and floating bacteria, and drain until the moisture content is 80% to complete pre-detoxification. Introduce saturated steam into the material, control the temperature at 140℃ and the pressure at 0.30MPa, and maintain continuous stirring at 200r / min for 25 minutes to complete deep detoxification with saturated steam. After detoxification, release the pressure at a uniform rate for 15 minutes. Add 0.7% quicklime by weight of the raw material to the sterilized material, control the temperature at 125℃ and the pressure at 0.17MPa, and carry out alkaline hydrolysis treatment for 50 minutes to obtain pre-treated raw material.

[0048] Comparative Example 3 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the amount of carbon source added during the preparation of the fermentation substrate is increased in this comparative example. Specifically, the fermentation substrate in this comparative example is prepared through the following steps: According to the mass ratio of 55:42:1.5:1.5, the pretreated raw materials, corn stalks crushed to a particle size of 2cm, quicklime, and bentonite are put into a mixer and mixed evenly to obtain the fermentation substrate.

[0049] Comparative Example 4 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that in this comparative example, during the preparation of the fermentation substrate, the pretreated raw materials are used directly as the fermentation substrate without the addition of carbon source additives, pH adjustment aids, or microbial carriers. In the composting fermentation process of step S3, the same addition amount and frequency as in Example 1 are used (pH is checked every 24 hours and 0.1 mol / L dilute sulfuric acid is added, but the addition amount is fixed to the volume added at the same time point as in Example 1). The operation standard is not based on a pH value reaching 7.1; that is, the same amount of acid is added regardless of the pH level.

[0050] Comparative Example 5 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that in step S3 of this comparative example, the viable bacteria count is selected as 1×10⁻⁶. 10 Using CFU / mg of room-temperature common Bacillus subtilis as a single strain, the strain was weighed at 0.6% of the total mass of the fermentation substrate, diluted 8 times with water, and then evenly sprayed onto the fermentation substrate and mixed thoroughly. The mixed material was piled into a pile with a height of 1.3m, a width of 2.2m, and an unlimited length for composting fermentation. Throughout the process, the moisture content of the material was controlled at 56%, and the pH was maintained at 7.1. During the fermentation heating stage, the temperature was controlled at 54℃, and the pile was turned every 24 hours. After 2 days, it entered the stabilization stage, where the temperature was controlled at 62℃, and the pile was turned every 48 hours. After 6 days, it entered the maturation stage, where the pile temperature naturally dropped to 45℃, and the pile was turned every 72 hours until the temperature difference between the pile and the ambient temperature was ≤5℃ for 72 consecutive hours, the temperature no longer rose spontaneously, and the C / N ratio of the pile dropped to ≤18:1. Fermentation was then completed, and the resulting organic fertilizer for landscaping was obtained.

[0051] Comparative Example 6 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that in step S3 of this comparative example, the fermentation strain is replaced with a high-proportion anaerobic lactic acid bacteria compound inoculum. Specifically, step S3 of this comparative example is as follows: An anaerobic lactic acid bacteria compound inoculum was selected, which consists of 1×10⁶ live bacteria. 10 The bacteria are compounded with *Lactobacillus plantarum*, *Enterococcus faecalis*, and *Lactobacillus acidophilus* in a mass ratio of 70%:20%:10% (CFU / mg). 0.6% of the bacterial agent is weighed from the total mass of the fermentation substrate, diluted 8 times with water, and then evenly sprayed onto the fermentation substrate and mixed thoroughly. The mixed material is then piled into a heap 1.3m high, 2.2m wide, and of unlimited length for composting fermentation. Throughout the process, the material moisture content is controlled at 56%, and the pH is maintained at 7.1. During the fermentation heating stage, the temperature is controlled at 54℃, and the pile is turned every 24 hours. After 2 days, it enters the stabilization stage, where the temperature is controlled at 62℃, and the pile is turned every 48 hours. After 6 days, it enters the maturation stage, where the pile temperature naturally drops to 45℃, and the pile is turned every 72 hours until the temperature difference between the pile and the ambient temperature is ≤5℃ for 72 consecutive hours, no longer spontaneously heating up, and the C / N ratio of the pile material drops to ≤18:1. Fermentation is then complete, yielding organic fertilizer for landscaping.

[0052] Comparative Example 7 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the mixing of fermentation strains in step S3 is reduced. Specifically, step S3 of this comparative example is as follows: Select a viable count of 1×10⁻⁶ 10 Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus stearothermophilus (CFU / mg) were mixed at a total mass ratio of 40:25, with the total addition amount remaining constant at 0.6%, to prepare a dual-strain inoculant. This inoculant was diluted 8 times with water and then evenly sprayed onto the fermentation substrate and mixed thoroughly. The mixed material was then piled into a heap 1.3m high, 2.2m wide, and of unlimited length for composting fermentation. Throughout the process, the material moisture content was controlled at 56%, and the pH was maintained at 7.1. During the fermentation heating phase, the temperature was controlled at 54℃, and the pile was turned every 24 hours. After 2 days, the material entered the stabilization phase, where the temperature was controlled at 62℃, and the pile was turned every 48 hours. After 6 days, the material entered the maturation phase, during which the pile temperature naturally dropped to 45℃, and the pile was turned every 72 hours until the temperature difference between the pile and the ambient temperature was ≤5℃ for 72 consecutive hours, the temperature no longer spontaneously increased, and the C / N ratio of the pile decreased to ≤18:1. Fermentation was then complete, yielding organic fertilizer for landscaping.

[0053] The products prepared in the examples and comparative examples are now subjected to performance testing. Three parallel samples are randomly selected from each product, each weighing 500g, and mixed thoroughly as the test samples. The specific testing methods are as follows: 1. Maturity Time Test: Record the total number of days from the time the material is placed in the pile until it meets the maturity judgment criteria (the temperature difference between the pile body temperature and the ambient temperature is ≤5℃ for 72 consecutive hours, and the C / N ratio of the pile material is ≤18:1). The specific test results are shown in Table 1.

[0054] Table 1 ; Table 1 shows significant differences in composting time among different groups. The three examples in this scheme generally had shorter composting times, while all comparative examples showed varying degrees of extension in composting time. Comparative Examples 1 and 2, which only changed the order of pretreatment steps, experienced increased composting times. This is because the pretreatment steps have a sequential relationship; pre-cleaning removes impurities and bacteria before alkaline hydrolysis and deep detoxification, ensuring sufficient interaction between the alkali solution and steam, allowing organic matter to be fully converted into a form readily available to microorganisms. Changing the order resulted in incomplete pretreatment, reduced substrate available to microorganisms, increased interference from other microorganisms, and a delayed fermentation process. Comparative Example 3, which only increased the amount of carbon source, resulted in a substrate carbon-nitrogen ratio deviating from the optimal range for microorganisms, leading to decreased microbial proliferation and metabolic rates, and consequently, a longer fermentation cycle. Comparative Example 4, which did not add carbon source, pH adjuster, or inoculant carrier, suffered from a severely unbalanced substrate nutrient structure. The excessively high nitrogen content easily triggered adverse local metabolism, significantly slowing down the overall composting progress. Comparative Example 5, using a single ambient-temperature bacterial strain, and Comparative Example 7, reducing the variety of bacterial strains, resulted in a loss of bacterial community function, hindering the comprehensive decomposition of various organic matter in the material and reducing fermentation efficiency. Comparative Example 6, using an anaerobic compound bacterial agent, exhibited a mismatch between the bacterial community's metabolic mode and the aerobic fermentation system, obstructing normal aerobic metabolism and significantly slowing the fermentation process. The above comparisons demonstrate that the pretreatment sequence, substrate ratio, bacterial strain combination system, and fermentation environment form a synergistic system. Any deviation from this design element will disrupt the overall fermentation rhythm and prolong the composting period. The optimal combination of design elements in this scheme ensures efficient fermentation.

[0055] 2. Stack quality inspection: 2.1 Measurement of the highest temperature of the reactor body: The temperature of the center of the reactor body was monitored throughout the process, and one temperature measurement point was set up every 2 square meters to record the peak temperature of each group of reactor bodies.

[0056] 2.2 Determination of the final carbon-nitrogen ratio: The total carbon and total nitrogen content of the sample was detected by an elemental analyzer, and the final C / N value was calculated.

[0057] 2.3 Determination of organic matter content: The organic matter content of the samples was determined by potassium dichromate titration method according to the NY / T525-2021 standard.

[0058] The specific test results are shown in Table 2.

[0059] Table 2 ; The peak temperature of the compost pile, the final carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, and the organic matter content are interrelated. In the example, all indicators were within their optimal range, while in the comparative examples, all indicators showed varying degrees of deterioration. The peak temperature of the compost pile is determined by the overall metabolic intensity of the microorganisms. The complete pretreatment process in this scheme can fully degrade macromolecular organic matter. Combined with a rationally proportioned fermentation substrate and complementary thermophilic microorganisms, the microorganisms exhibit strong metabolic activity, resulting in a high peak temperature. In Comparative Examples 1 and 2, after adjusting the pretreatment sequence, the degradation of macromolecular organic matter was insufficient, leading to insufficient available nutrients for the microorganisms, decreased metabolic intensity, and a lower compost pile temperature. In Comparative Example 3, there was an excessive carbon source, and in Comparative Example 4, the substrate was completely unmixed, resulting in nutrient imbalance that inhibited microbial growth, and the compost pile temperature remained consistently low. In Comparative Examples 5 and 7, the microorganisms had limited or missing functions, failing to fully decompose various types of organic matter and exhibiting insufficient metabolic heat production. In Comparative Example 6, anaerobic bacteria dominated fermentation, aerobic metabolism essentially ceased, and the compost pile temperature was at its lowest level. The final carbon-to-nitrogen ratio reflects the degree of organic matter decomposition. In groups with a reasonable initial substrate ratio and normal microbial metabolism, the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio can stably decrease to the acceptable range. In groups with unbalanced substrates, abnormal microbial communities, or inadequate pretreatment, organic matter decomposition is incomplete, resulting in a higher final carbon-to-nitrogen ratio. Organic matter content directly reflects the material resource utilization effect. Under the synergistic effect of the entire process in this scheme, organic matter is directionally converted into stable humus, effectively preserving the effective components of organic fertilizer. In the comparative groups, due to abnormal fermentation, organic matter was ineffectively consumed or incompletely decomposed, resulting in a decrease in the final organic matter content. Combining these three indicators, it can be seen that the pretreatment effect determines the substrate quality, the substrate ratio determines the microbial living environment, and the microbial strain system determines the metabolic capacity. Only when these three are mutually compatible can high-temperature fermentation, full conversion of organic matter, and a satisfactory carbon-to-nitrogen ratio be achieved. Changes to any single factor will disrupt the synergistic relationship, causing a simultaneous decline in multiple performance indicators.

[0060] The odor levels of the samples prepared in the examples and comparative examples were then tested. The specific testing method was as follows: 500g of the organic fertilizer sample to be tested was placed in a 1L sealed transparent container, sealed, and left to stand at room temperature for 24 hours. The testing personnel then smoothly opened the container lid from 10cm away from the opening and conducted a sensory evaluation using natural olfaction. Each sample was scored independently by three testing personnel, and the overall score was taken as the final result. The testing area was free of additional odors, well-ventilated, and free from external odor interference. Specific testing standards are as follows: Grade 0: No irritating odor, only a natural humus smell, with no discomfort when smelling; Level 1: A very faint fermented smell can be detected, without any pungent odor. It can only be detected at close range, and there is no odor at a distance. Level 2: A faint fishy or slightly rotten smell can be clearly detected. The smell is not pungent and there is no obvious discomfort after prolonged inhalation. Level 3: The fishy or fecal odor is clearly identifiable, with a slightly irritating smell that can be detected at a normal distance and causes slight discomfort when smelled. Level 4: Strong fishy and pungent ammonia smell, highly irritating, can be smelled the moment the container is opened, and will cause obvious nausea and chest tightness after smelling; Level 5: Extremely strong putrid odor, highly irritating, with a wide diffusion range, difficult to smell up close, and easily causes respiratory discomfort.

[0061] The specific test results are shown in Table 3 below.

[0062] Table 3 ; The off-odor primarily originates from anaerobic metabolism, incomplete decomposition of organic matter, and nitrogen volatilization. In the examples, the fermentation process was primarily aerobic, resulting in thorough organic matter decomposition and the absence of large amounts of odor-causing substances such as hydrogen sulfide, volatile ammonia, and organic acids, leading to the lowest odor level. Comparative Examples 1 and 2, due to pretreatment defects, resulted in residual bacteria in the materials, creating localized anaerobic zones during fermentation and producing slight off-odors. Comparative Example 3, with a high carbon source, only caused a slight decrease in microbial activity, resulting in weak localized anaerobic conditions and a low odor level. Comparative Example 4, with severely excessive substrate nitrogen, led to widespread anaerobic fermentation, producing large amounts of ammonia and putrefactive gases, resulting in the most prominent odor. Comparative Example 5, using a single strain, and Comparative Example 7, using a simplified compound strain, resulted in incomplete organic matter decomposition and a slight putrefactive odor. Comparative Example 6, using anaerobic bacteria, had an overall anaerobic fermentation environment, leading to severe odor problems. The comparison of each group shows that pretreatment, substrate ratio, and strain system jointly determine the oxygen environment and metabolic type of fermentation. The combination of elements in this scheme can maintain a stable aerobic environment and inhibit the generation of off-odor substances. Problems in any link will trigger anaerobic reactions and off-odors to varying degrees, further verifying the synergistic constraint effect between various technical elements.

[0063] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0064] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0065] Those skilled in the art should understand that the above descriptions are merely several specific embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

Claims

1. A method for preparing landscaping organic fertilizer from detoxified livestock and poultry waste, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. After the collection and sorting of livestock and poultry waste raw materials, they are pre-detoxified, then subjected to alkaline hydrolysis treatment, and finally deep detoxified with saturated steam to obtain pre-treated raw materials. S2. Mix the pretreated raw materials with carbon source auxiliary materials, pH adjustment aids and microbial carriers to obtain the fermentation substrate; S3. Use compound microbial strains to compost the fermentation substrate obtained in step S2. During the fermentation process, the moisture content of the material is controlled at 55%-57%, and the pH is maintained at 6.8-7.

4. After fermentation, the garden greening organic fertilizer is obtained.

2. The method for preparing landscaping organic fertilizer from detoxified livestock and poultry waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the pre-detoxification treatment involves rinsing the material 2-3 times with 1.0-1.5MPa high-pressure clean water to remove surface blood, impurities, and floating bacteria, and then draining it to a moisture content of 75%-80%.

3. The method for preparing landscaping organic fertilizer from detoxified livestock and poultry waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The alkaline hydrolysis treatment involves adding 0.5%-1.0% quicklime or sodium hydroxide by weight of the raw material, adjusting the pH to 11.0-12.0, controlling the temperature at 120-130℃, the pressure at 0.15-0.20MPa, maintaining continuous stirring throughout the process, and hydrolysis for 40-60 minutes.

4. The method for preparing landscaping organic fertilizer from detoxified livestock and poultry waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the specific operation of the deep detoxification with saturated steam is as follows: saturated steam is introduced into the material after alkaline hydrolysis, the temperature is controlled at 135-145℃, the pressure is 0.25-0.35MPa, and the process is maintained for 20-30 minutes.

5. The method for preparing landscaping organic fertilizer from detoxified livestock and poultry waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the mass ratio of the pretreatment raw material, carbon source auxiliary material, pH adjustment aid, and microbial agent carrier is (60-70):(30-35):(1-2):(1-2).

6. The method for preparing landscaping organic fertilizer from detoxified livestock and poultry waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pH adjusting agent is at least one of quicklime, wood ash, and hydrated lime; the microbial agent carrier is at least one of bentonite, diatomaceous earth, and wheat bran.

7. The method for preparing landscaping organic fertilizer from detoxified livestock and poultry waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the compound microbial strain is added at 0.5-0.8% of the total mass of the material. Before use, it is diluted with water 5-10 times and sprayed evenly into the material and stirred until well mixed.

8. The method for preparing landscaping organic fertilizer from detoxified livestock and poultry waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the composting fermentation is specifically divided into a heating stage, a stabilization stage, and a maturation stage. The temperature in the heating stage is set at 50-58℃, and the compost is turned every 24 hours. After 2-3 days, the compost enters the stabilization stage, where the temperature is set at 58-65℃, and the compost is turned every 48 hours. After 4-8 days, the compost enters the maturation stage, where the temperature naturally drops back to 40-50℃, and the compost is turned every 72 hours until the material reaches the fully matured index.

9. The method for preparing landscaping organic fertilizer from detoxified livestock and poultry waste according to claim 8, characterized in that, The criteria for complete curing are: the temperature difference between the pile body and the ambient temperature is ≤5℃ for 72 consecutive hours, and the pile body no longer spontaneously heats up and the C / N ratio of the pile material drops to ≤18:

1.

10. The method for preparing landscaping organic fertilizer from detoxified livestock and poultry waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the composite strain consists of 1×10⁶ live bacteria. 10 The CFU / mg of Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus stearothermophilus, actinomycetes thermophilus, and Bacillus subtilis were obtained by mixing them in a mass ratio of (35-45):(20-30):(15-20):(5-10).