A treatment method for rapid decomposition of straw in situ and returning to field

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of straw quick rot in situ returning to field processing method, belong to straw resource utilization and soil improvement technical field.The method includes: straw crushing, water is adjusted solid-liquid mass ratio to 2:1, add peroxide urea and manganese sulfate, stirring mixes, after 1 hour quick rot treatment directly in situ returning to field.The application realizes the quick harmless pretreatment of straw and in situ returning to field, effectively solves the problems, such as low crop emergence rate, microorganism contention nitrogen, high incidence of disease and insect pests in the traditional returning to field process, after treatment, pathogenic bacteria inactivation rate reaches more than 95%, significantly improves crop yield and soil fertility, adapts modern agricultural efficient green production demand.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of straw resource utilization and soil improvement technology, specifically to a method for rapidly composting straw and returning it to the field in situ. Background Technology

[0002] my country's annual straw production exceeds 1 billion tons, of which about 80% is utilized for resource recovery through direct return to the field via crushing and rotary tillage or composting and fermentation. This is an important way to achieve nutrient cycling in farmland and reduce waste incineration. However, straw return technology still faces many unresolved challenges in practical application, failing to meet the needs of efficient and green development in modern agriculture.

[0003] Traditional straw return methods are ineffective at eliminating pathogens, insect eggs, and weed seeds carried by straw, easily leading to outbreaks of pests, diseases, and weeds in subsequent crops. This forces farmers to spray large amounts of pesticides, increasing planting costs and potentially causing excessive pesticide residues, thus damaging the farmland ecosystem. Because crushed straw is relatively hard, direct return to the field prevents close contact between seeds and soil, resulting in difficult sowing, uneven emergence, and a significant drop in germination rate, directly impacting basic crop yield. Furthermore, straw has a high carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, requiring significant amounts of available nitrogen in the soil during decomposition. This competes with seedlings for nitrogen, leading to nitrogen deficiency and weak growth in seedlings. Farmers then need to apply additional nitrogen fertilizer, increasing fertilizer costs and potentially causing eutrophication and non-point source pollution.

[0004] While current straw composting and returning technologies can alleviate the aforementioned problems to some extent, they suffer from drawbacks such as long composting cycles (typically 30-60 days), incomplete harmless treatment, and slow fertilizer release. Furthermore, they cannot achieve in-situ treatment, requiring additional composting sites and transportation costs, making them unsuitable for the rapid return of straw to large-scale farmland. Therefore, a new method for rapid in-situ composting and returning of straw to the field is urgently needed to achieve efficient, harmless treatment and resource utilization of straw. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problems of long decomposition cycles, incomplete pathogen inactivation, crop nitrogen competition, and low seedling emergence rates associated with straw return to the field, this invention provides a method for rapid straw decomposition and in-situ return to the field. This method simultaneously achieves rapid harmlessness and partial humification of straw, effectively solving a series of problems associated with current straw return to the field.

[0006] The present invention adopts the following technical solution: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for rapidly composting and returning straw to the field in situ, comprising the following steps: Step 1, Straw crushing: Crush the harvested straw into segments; Step 2, Moisture adjustment: Add water to the segmented straw obtained in Step 1 to obtain a straw-water mixture system; Step 3, Adding reagents: Add urea peroxide and manganese sulfate sequentially to the straw-water mixture obtained in Step 2, and stir to mix evenly and allow for full contact and reaction to obtain a composted mixture; Step 4, rapid composting: The composted mixture obtained in step 3 is sealed and stirred at room temperature for 1 hour to complete the rapid harmlessness and partial humification of straw. Step 5, In-situ Return to Field: Directly return the decomposed straw to the field through rotary tillage.

[0007] Preferably, in step 1, the moisture content of the straw is 40-55%; the length of the straw segments is 6-8cm, and the amount used is 200-300g.

[0008] Preferably, in step 2, the solid-liquid mass ratio of the straw-water mixture is 2:1; and the amount of water added is 100-150g.

[0009] Preferably, in step 3, the amount of urea peroxide (purity 90-95%) added is 4-10g; the amount of manganese sulfate (purity 92-98%) added is 2-6g.

[0010] Preferably, in step 4, the stirring speed is 60-90 r / min and the stirring time is 60 min; during the composting process, the temperature naturally rises to 45-55℃.

[0011] Preferably, in step 5, the amount of fertilizer returned to the field is 300-500 kg / mu.

[0012] In a second aspect, the present invention provides an application of straw treated by the above method for in-situ return to the field, wherein the straw is used as organic material to enrich the soil after return to the field.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention provides a method for rapidly composting and returning straw to the field in situ. The straw processing cycle is only 1 hour, which is much shorter than the current composting (30-60 days). It achieves rapid in-situ processing and returning of straw to the field after harvest without the need for additional composting sites.

[0014] 2. After treatment, the inactivation rate of pathogens and insect eggs carried by straw reaches 95-99%, and the inactivation rate of weed seeds reaches over 90%, significantly reducing the risk of diseases, pests and weeds in the next crop.

[0015] 3. The urea peroxide added during the treatment process provides an external nitrogen source, which, together with the catalytic degradation of manganese sulfate, effectively avoids competition for nitrogen between straw and crops during the decomposition process, and increases the crop emergence rate by 12-15%.

[0016] 4. After treatment, the straw undergoes partial humification, which rapidly increases the soil organic matter content after being returned to the field, resulting in a 21.3-32.6% increase in Shanghai bok choy yield, a 14.2-24.8% increase in plant height, and a 7.8-13.6% increase in soil organic matter content. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a comparison of the apparent decomposition state of straw before and after treatment in Example 2 of the present invention; Figure 2 This is an analysis of the three-dimensional fluorescence spectral characteristics of straw before and after treatment in Example 2 of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a comparison of the inactivation effect of surface pathogens on straw before and after treatment in Example 2 of the present invention. Figure 4 This is a comparison of the weed seed inactivation effects before and after straw treatment in Example 2 of the present invention; Figure 5 This invention provides an example of the growth of potted Shanghai bok choy plants before straw treatment (original straw), after treatment, and as a blank control, simulating straw return to the field. Figure 6 The germination rate, plant height, root length, leaf area, fresh weight, and chlorophyll content of Shanghai bok choy before straw treatment (original straw), after treatment, and in a blank control were simulated for straw returning to the field in Example 2 of this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To make the present invention more apparent and understandable, preferred embodiments are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0019] This invention provides a method for rapid composting and in-situ return of straw to the field, belonging to the field of straw resource utilization and soil improvement technology. The method includes: crushing the straw, adding water to adjust the solid-liquid mass ratio to 2:1, adding urea peroxide and manganese sulfate, stirring and mixing, and then directly returning the straw to the field after one hour of rapid composting. This invention achieves rapid and harmless pretreatment and in-situ return of straw, effectively solving the problems of low crop emergence rate, microbial competition for nitrogen, and high incidence of pests and diseases in traditional straw return processes. The pathogen inactivation rate after treatment reaches over 95%, significantly improving crop yield and soil fertility, and meeting the needs of efficient and green production in modern agriculture.

[0020] Example 1 This invention provides a method for rapidly composting and returning straw to the field in situ, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Crush the straw: Crush 200 g of corn straw (moisture content 40%) into 6 cm long segments; Step 2, Moisture adjustment: Add 100 g of water to the segmented straw material obtained in Step 1 to adjust the solid-liquid mass ratio of the system to 2:1, and obtain a straw-water mixed system; Step 3, Adding reagents: Add 4 g of urea peroxide (90% purity, 80 mesh) and 2 g of manganese sulfate (92% purity, 100 mesh) to the straw-water mixture obtained in Step 2 in sequence, stir and mix evenly to obtain a composted mixture; Step 4, Rapid composting: The composted mixture obtained in Step 3 is subjected to closed-loop stirring at 60 r / min for 1 hour at room temperature. During the process, the system temperature naturally rises to 45℃, completing the rapid composting of straw. The pathogen inactivation rate is 96.2%, the insect egg inactivation rate is 95.8%, and the weed seed inactivation rate is 90.5%. Step 5, In-situ Return to Field: Apply the rapidly decomposed straw to the soil evenly by rotary tillage at a rate of 300 kg / mu, and then directly return it to the field by rotary tillage and sow Shanghai bok choy.

[0021] Compared with the direct return of an equal amount of untreated raw straw to the field, the rapid composting treatment of straw in situ after the present invention increases the germination rate of Shanghai bok choy by 12.3%, the yield by 21.3%, the plant height by 14.2%, and the soil organic matter content by 7.8%.

[0022] Example 2 This invention provides a method for the rapid composting and in-situ return of straw to the field (e.g.) Figure 1 (As shown), including the following steps: Step 1: Crush the straw: Crush 250 g of rice straw (moisture content 48%) into 7 cm long segments; Step 2, Moisture adjustment: Add 125 g of water to the segmented straw material obtained in Step 1 to adjust the solid-liquid mass ratio of the system to 2:1, and obtain a straw-water mixed system; Step 3, Adding reagents: Add 7 g of urea peroxide (92% purity, 100 mesh) and 4 g of manganese sulfate (95% purity, 120 mesh) to the straw-water mixture obtained in Step 2 in sequence, stir and mix evenly to obtain a composted mixture; Step 4, Rapid Composting: The composted mixture obtained in Step 3 is subjected to closed-loop composting treatment at room temperature and a rotation speed of 75 r / min for 1 hour. During the treatment, the system temperature naturally rises to 50℃, completing the rapid composting of the straw (e.g., Figure 2 As shown), the pathogen inactivation rate was 98.7% (as shown). Figure 3 As shown), the inactivation rate of insect eggs was 98.9%, and the inactivation rate of weed seeds was 93.2% (as shown). Figure 4 (as shown) Step 5, In-situ Return to Field: Apply the rapidly decomposed straw evenly to the soil at a rate of 400 kg / mu (approximately 667 square meters), then directly rotary till and return it to the field before sowing Shanghai bok choy. Figure 5 As shown.

[0023] Compared with directly returning an equal amount of untreated raw straw to the field, the rapid composting treatment of straw in situ, as described in this invention, increases the germination rate of Shanghai bok choy by 14.8%, yield by 32.6%, and plant height by 24.8% (e.g., ...). Figure 6 As shown in Table 1), the soil organic matter content increased by 13.5%.

[0024] Example 3 This invention provides a method for rapidly composting and returning straw to the field in situ, comprising the following steps: Step 1, Straw crushing: Crush 300 g of wheat straw (55% moisture content) into 8 cm long segments; Step 2, Moisture adjustment: Add 150 g of water to the segmented straw material obtained in Step 1 to adjust the solid-liquid mass ratio of the system to 2:1, and obtain a straw-water mixed system; Step 3, Adding reagents: Add 10 g of urea peroxide (95% purity, 120 mesh) and 6 g of manganese sulfate (98% purity, 150 mesh) to the straw-water mixture obtained in Step 2 in sequence, stir and mix evenly to obtain a composted mixture; Step 4, Rapid composting: The composted mixture obtained in Step 3 is subjected to closed-loop stirring at 90 r / min for 1 hour at room temperature. During the process, the system temperature naturally rises to 55℃, completing the rapid composting of straw. The inactivation rate of pathogens is 98.5%, the inactivation rate of insect eggs is 98.8%, and the inactivation rate of weed seeds is 92.8%. Step 5, In-situ Return to Field: Apply the rapidly decomposed straw to the soil evenly by rotary tillage at a rate of 500 kg / mu, and then directly return it to the field by rotary tillage and sow Shanghai bok choy.

[0025] Compared with the direct return of an equal amount of untreated raw straw to the field, the rapid composting treatment of straw in situ after the present invention increases the germination rate of Shanghai bok choy by 13.5%, the yield by 28.4%, the plant height by 20.2%, and the soil organic matter content by 11.7%.

[0026] Example 2 represents the optimal process ratio (with the best soil improvement effect), and the specific results are shown in Table 1: Table 1. Comparison of soil indicators before straw treatment (raw straw), after treatment, and after returning straw to the field in Example 2.

[0027] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any form or substance. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and additions without departing from the present invention, and these improvements and additions should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, alterations, and equivalent variations made by those skilled in the art based on the above-disclosed technical content without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention are equivalent embodiments of the present invention; furthermore, any modifications, alterations, and variations made to the above embodiments based on the essential technology of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for rapidly composting and returning straw to the field in situ, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1, Straw crushing: Crush the harvested straw into segments; Step 2, Moisture adjustment: Add water to the segmented straw obtained in Step 1 to obtain a straw-water mixture system; Step 3, Adding reagents: Add urea peroxide and manganese sulfate sequentially to the straw-water mixture obtained in Step 2, and stir to mix evenly to obtain a composted mixture; Step 4, rapid composting: The composted mixture obtained in step 3 is sealed and stirred at room temperature for 1 hour to complete the rapid harmlessness and partial humification of straw. Step 5, In-situ Return to Field: Directly return the decomposed straw to the field through rotary tillage.

2. The method for rapid composting and in-situ return of straw to the field as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step 1, the moisture content of the straw is 40-55%; the length of the straw segments is 6-8cm, and the amount used is 200-300g.

3. The method for rapid composting and in-situ return of straw to the field as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step 2, the solid-liquid mass ratio of the straw-water mixture is 2:1; the amount of water added is 100-150g.

4. The method for rapid composting and in-situ return of straw to the field as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step 3, the amount of urea peroxide added is 4-10g; the amount of manganese sulfate added is 2-6g.

5. The method for rapid composting and in-situ return of straw to the field as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step 4, the stirring speed is 60-90 r / min and the stirring time is 60 min; during the composting process, the temperature naturally rises to 45-55℃.

6. The method for rapid composting and in-situ return of straw to the field as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step 5, the amount of fertilizer returned to the field is 300-500 kg / mu.

7. An application of straw treated by any one of claims 1-6 for in-situ return to the field, characterized in that: After being returned to the field, the straw is used as organic material to enrich the soil.

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