A bow external multi-mechanism cooperative icebreaking device and icebreaking method

Abstract

The application discloses a ship bow external multi-mechanism cooperative icebreaking device and an icebreaking method, and belongs to the technical field of ship icebreaking equipment. The device comprises a ship bow curved surface mounting assembly, a main bearing frame, an adjustable transverse bearing frame, three groups of lifting pressure beams, three groups of lower supporting mechanisms and left and right ice guiding wings. The adjustable transverse bearing frame is used for adjusting the upper pressing position of the lifting pressure beam, so that the upper pressing action position and the supporting position of the lower supporting shoe can be staggered along the longitudinal direction of the ship. The lifting pressure beam presses from above the ice layer, and the lower supporting shoe supports from below the ice layer, so that a bending arm is formed between the upper and lower reverse actions. The left and right ice guiding wings are used for adjusting the direction of the ice fragment guiding and discharging. During operation, one or more groups of upper pressing and lower supporting channels can be selected according to the ice layer contact position, so that the ice layer is subjected to bending or shearing damage, and the ice fragments are guided and discharged to the two sides of the ship body. The application is suitable for being externally added to the ship bow of an existing ship, the action relationship between the upper pressing and the lower supporting can be adjusted according to the ice layer contact position, and the direction of the ice fragment guiding and discharging can be adjusted according to the operation requirement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ship icebreaking auxiliary equipment technology, specifically to an externally mounted bow icebreaking device and method that is arranged on the outside of the bow and utilizes upper pressure, lower support and ice guides on both sides to break ice and guide and discharge ice fragments. Background Technology

[0002] When ships navigate polar routes, cold-region ports, and seasonal ice zones, their bows are constantly in contact with the ice. Dedicated icebreakers typically use their bow hull shape, weight, and propulsion to bend, crush, or break the ice; their icebreaking performance is highly dependent on the hull's structure and hull shape. For existing work vessels, support vessels, or other non-dedicated icebreakers, improving the bow's localized icebreaking capability in specific sections or seasons often requires significant modifications to the bow's main structure, involving adjustments to the hull structure, outfitting layout, and construction techniques.

[0003] For these types of vessels, adding auxiliary icebreaking components using the available space outside the bow is a modification method that does not alter the main bow hull line. Common auxiliary components include fixed wedges, pressure plates, ice blades, or oscillating components. These structures can change the local contact state, but their effective position is usually determined by their installation location. In actual ice-covered navigation, the ice thickness, contact width, and the position of the ice edge relative to the bow are constantly changing, and the same fixed point of action will have different effects under different contact conditions. In situations where ice bending deformation is used to achieve destruction, the relative distance between the upper force application point and the lower support point also affects the local bending effect, and fixed arrangements are inconvenient for adjusting this relative relationship as the ice edge position changes.

[0004] After the ice breaks, the ice fragments will continue to move along the bow to both sides. If the ice fragments accumulate locally in front of the bow or on the sides, it will increase subsequent propulsion resistance, and the adaptability of fixed guide vanes to different ice conditions and the ice removal space on both sides is also limited. On the other hand, external devices are limited by the available space at the bow, and the icebreaking components must have sufficient working stroke while also accommodating retraction, maintenance, and relative movement between different mechanisms. Therefore, how to adjust the upper working position according to the ice contact area with minimal changes to the original ship structure, establish corresponding support under the ice, and simultaneously guide the ice fragments to both sides are issues that need to be considered in the design of the icebreaking device. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a bow-mounted multi-mechanism collaborative icebreaking device and method. The device centrally mounts the upper pressure, lower support, and ice guiding components on both sides onto the same main load-bearing frame, and connects to the outer side of the bow through a bow curved surface mounting assembly. This allows for easy adjustment of the mounting structure according to different bow shapes, while the basic arrangement of the upper pressure, lower support, and ice guiding mechanisms can remain unchanged.

[0006] An adjustable transverse support frame is provided on the upper part of the main load-bearing frame. The adjustable transverse support frame is arranged along the width of the ship and can be adjusted and locked along the longitudinal direction of the ship, thereby changing the overall pressure position of the three sets of lifting pressure beams. The three sets of lifting pressure beams are spaced apart along the width of the ship. Each lifting pressure beam is driven by an upper pressure hydraulic cylinder and rises and falls under the constraint of a vertical guide structure to select the upper pressure area according to the contact position with the ice layer.

[0007] The main load-bearing frame is equipped with three sets of lower support mechanisms. Each set of lower support mechanisms includes a pair of swing arms, lower support shoes, and lower support hydraulic cylinders. The lower support hydraulic cylinders drive the swing arms and lower support shoes to move between the retracted position and the supporting position, allowing one or more sets of lower support shoes to enter below the ice layer to form support. By adjusting the adjustable transverse load-bearing frame, the upper pressure position of the lifting pressure beam and the lower support position of the corresponding lower support shoe can be kept at a certain distance along the longitudinal direction of the ship, so that a bending arm is formed between the opposing forces of the upper and lower parts.

[0008] Ice guide wings are provided on both the left and right sides of the main load-bearing frame. The ice guide wings are rotatably connected to the main load-bearing frame via a main hinge shaft and are driven by hydraulic cylinders with pins at both ends. The left and right ice guide wings can change their deployment angles to constrain and guide the movement of ice fragments towards both sides of the hull after the ice breaks up.

[0009] When using the above-mentioned device for icebreaking, the adjustable transverse support frame is adjusted and locked according to the contact area with the ice layer, so that the upper pressure position of the selected lifting pressure beam is offset from the support position of the corresponding lower support shoe along the longitudinal direction of the ship. Then, the left and right guide ice wings are adjusted according to the ice discharge direction. Subsequently, one or more sets of lower support mechanisms are selected to establish support below the ice layer, and the corresponding lifting pressure beam is driven to apply pressure from above the ice layer, causing the ice layer to bend and deform under the bending force arm formed by the opposing forces from above and below, which may be accompanied by local shear failure. After the ice layer is broken, the ship's forward motion and the guiding action of the guide ice wings are used to push the broken ice to both sides. Beneficial effects

[0010] (1) The lifting pressure beam and the lower support mechanism act on the upper and lower sides of the ice layer respectively. The upper pressure position and the lower support position can be staggered along the longitudinal direction of the ship, so that a bending arm is formed between the upper and lower opposing actions, which is conducive to causing the ice layer to generate bending cracks and be damaged in the selected area.

[0011] (2) The adjustable transverse support frame can adjust the upper pressure position along the longitudinal direction of the ship. The three sets of lifting pressure beams and the three sets of lower support mechanisms can also move separately or synchronously. The relative positions of the upper pressure and lower support can be adjusted according to the ice width, contact area and damaged position.

[0012] (3) The left and right guide ice wings are driven by their respective deployment hydraulic cylinders, and the deployment angle can be adjusted separately to guide the movement of the ice fragments to both sides after the ice layer breaks.

[0013] (4) The lifting pressure beam adopts vertical guidance, and the lower support mechanism and ice guide wing adopt pin hinge. Each moving component is raised or lowered or rotated in a predetermined direction, which facilitates the arrangement and maintenance in the limited space outside the bow.

[0014] (5) The upper pressure, lower support and ice guide components are all installed on the main load-bearing frame. The main load-bearing frame is then connected to the bow through the bow curved surface mounting component, which can reduce the need for each actuator to have an independent mounting structure on the hull.

[0015] (6) The device can select single-channel, multi-channel or synchronous operation mode according to the ice contact range and damage state, and adjust the deployment angle of the left and right ice guide wings respectively to adapt to different ice breaking and ice crushing and discharge conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the ice-breaking device of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of the three sets of lifting pressure beams and the three sets of lower support shoes along the width of the ship according to the present invention;

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the side structure of the ice-breaking device of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the adjustable transverse support frame and three sets of lifting pressure beams of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of a single set of lifting pressure beams and upper pressure hydraulic cylinders according to the present invention;

[0021] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the three sets of lower support mechanisms of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the swing arm and the lower shoe in a typical lower support unit of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the lower support hydraulic cylinder and its pin connection structure with the swing arm in a typical lower support unit of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the left and right guide ice wings of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the pin connection structure at both ends of the main hinge and deployment hydraulic cylinder of the port side ice guide wing of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the deployment state of the left and right guide ice wings of the present invention.

[0027] In the diagram: 100, Bow curved surface mounting assembly; 200, Main load-bearing frame; 300, Adjustable transverse load-bearing frame; 301, Port side locating pin; 302, Starboard side locating pin; 310, Port side lifting pressure beam; 311, Upper pressure hydraulic cylinder cylinder barrel; 312, Upper pressure hydraulic cylinder piston rod; 313, Upper pressure cylinder frame end pin; 314, Upper pressure cylinder pressure beam end pin; 320, Midway lifting pressure beam; 330, Starboard side lifting pressure beam; 402, Port side lower support shoe; 420, First swing arm; 421, ... Two swing arms; 422, mid-section lower support shoe; 423, lower support hydraulic cylinder rocker arm end pin; 424, support shoe pivot pin; 425, lower support hydraulic cylinder barrel; 426, lower support hydraulic cylinder piston rod; 427, lower support cylinder frame end pin; 442, starboard lower support shoe; 500, port side ice guide wing; 501, ice guide wing main hinge shaft; 502, deployment hydraulic cylinder barrel; 503, deployment hydraulic cylinder piston rod; 504, deployment cylinder frame end pin; 505, deployment cylinder wing end pin; 550, starboard side ice guide wing. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The following is combined Figures 1 to 11 The structure, assembly relationship, and working process of the present invention will be further explained below. The following description uses three sets of upper pressure channels, three sets of lower support channels, and two sets of left and right ice guides as examples. These embodiments illustrate the specific structure and usage of the present invention. The dimensions, cross-sectional shape, hydraulic cylinder stroke, and installation position of each component can be adjusted according to the ship's dimensions, bow shape, and expected ice conditions.

[0029] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the bow-mounted multi-mechanism collaborative icebreaking device of this embodiment includes a bow curved surface mounting assembly 100, a main load-bearing frame 200, an adjustable transverse load-bearing frame 300, a port side lifting pressure beam 310, a mid-section lifting pressure beam 320, a starboard side lifting pressure beam 330, three sets of lower support mechanisms, and a port side ice guide wing 500 and a starboard side ice guide wing 550. All the upper pressure, lower support, and ice guide mechanisms are mounted on the main load-bearing frame 200, which is then connected to the outer side of the bow via the bow curved surface mounting assembly 100, allowing all icebreaking mechanisms to be centrally arranged on the same main load-bearing frame.

[0030] The bow curved surface mounting assembly 100 is located on the side of the device closest to the bow. Its bow-facing side can be made into a curved or segmented curved surface adapted to the bow's shape, while the other side is connected to the main load-bearing frame 200 via a fixed support member. The bow curved surface mounting assembly 100 forms the mounting interface between the device and the bow, and transmits the forces borne by the main load-bearing frame 200 to the bow mounting location. For different ship types, the shape of the curved working plate and the fixed support position can be adjusted, while the basic arrangement of the rear upper pressure, lower support, and ice guiding mechanisms remains unchanged.

[0031] The main load-bearing frame 200 consists of an upper main beam, a lower main beam, left and right side columns, longitudinal beams, and diagonal braces. The upper main beam is used to install the adjustable transverse load-bearing frame 300 and the upper pressure mechanism, while the lower main beam and lower longitudinal members are used to arrange the lower support mechanism and ice guide wing supports. The left and right side columns connect the upper and lower main beams, and the diagonal braces are set between the side columns and the main beams to improve the overall rigidity of the main load-bearing frame when it is subjected to upper pressure, lower support, and ice guide reaction forces. The forces of each mechanism are transmitted to the main load-bearing frame 200 through the corresponding mounting seats, and then transmitted to the hull through the bow curved surface mounting assembly 100.

[0032] After the device is installed, the bow curved surface mounting assembly 100 and the main load-bearing frame 200 constitute the fixed support part, and the adjustable transverse load-bearing frame 300, after adjustment and locking, also serves as the fixed support for the upper pressure mechanism. Each lifting pressure beam, lower support swing arm, and ice guide wing moves according to its respective guide or hinge relationship. This distinguishes the components that need adjustment from the support components that remain fixed during operation, facilitating individual adjustment and maintenance of each mechanism.

[0033] like Figure 4 As shown, the adjustable transverse support frame 300 is transversely mounted across the upper part of the main support frame 200 along the ship's beam direction. Its two ends engage with the longitudinal guide structure on the upper part of the main support frame 200, allowing the entire support frame to be adjusted longitudinally along the ship's axis. During adjustment, first release the locking of the port side positioning pin 301 and the starboard side positioning pin 302, move the adjustable transverse support frame 300 to the desired position, and then insert the port side positioning pin 301 and the starboard side positioning pin 302 into the corresponding positioning holes. This structure, while maintaining the lateral spacing of the three sets of lifting pressure beams, can change the overall position of the upper pressure action and adjust the relative position of the lifting pressure beams and the lower support shoe in the longitudinal direction of the ship.

[0034] The port side lifting pressure beam 310, the midships lifting pressure beam 320, and the starboard side lifting pressure beam 330 are sequentially arranged below the adjustable transverse support frame 300 along the ship's beam direction. Each lifting pressure beam has a vertical guide post at its upper part, and the adjustable transverse support frame 300 has guide holes or guide sleeves that mate with the guide posts. When the upper pressure hydraulic cylinder is activated, the lifting pressure beams move primarily vertically under the constraint of the guide structure to reduce lateral displacement under ice load. The three upper pressure channels can operate individually, in combination, or simultaneously, depending on the ice width and contact area.

[0035] All three sets of hydraulic cylinders are fixedly supported by an adjustable transverse support frame 300. During pressure application, the thrust of the hydraulic cylinders is transmitted to the corresponding lifting beams via the pressure beam ends, and then the lifting beams act on the ice layer. The ice layer's reaction force is transmitted back to the main support frame 200 via the lifting beams, hydraulic cylinders, and the adjustable transverse support frame 300. Since the three sets of lifting beams share the same transverse support frame, when it is necessary to change the upper working area, the adjustable transverse support frame 300 can be adjusted as a whole first. During a single ice-breaking process, the working channel is mainly changed by selecting different hydraulic cylinder actions.

[0036] Combination Figure 2 and Figure 5 Taking the port side upper pressure channel as an example, the cylinder 311 of the upper pressure hydraulic cylinder is connected to the lug seat pin on the adjustable transverse support frame 300 via the upper pressure cylinder frame end pin 313, and the piston rod 312 of the upper pressure hydraulic cylinder is connected to the connecting seat pin on the port side lifting pressure beam 310 via the upper pressure cylinder pressure beam end pin 314. When the upper pressure hydraulic cylinder extends, the port side lifting pressure beam 310 moves downward along the vertical guide structure, applying force to the upper surface of the ice layer; when the upper pressure hydraulic cylinder retracts, the port side lifting pressure beam 310 returns to its original position. The mid-section lifting pressure beam 320 and the starboard side lifting pressure beam 330 adopt the same basic connection method.

[0037] Local clearance spaces are provided on the port side lifting beam 310 and starboard side lifting beam 330 near the ice guide fin deployment hydraulic cylinder. These clearance spaces rise and fall together with the lifting beams to avoid the movement areas of the cylinder barrel and piston rod of the deployment hydraulic cylinder at different angles of the ice guide fin. The contour of the clearance groove can be determined according to the maximum deployment position of the ice guide fin, the installation position of the hydraulic cylinder, and the working stroke of the lifting beam, ensuring that the pressing mechanism and the ice guide fin drive mechanism maintain necessary clearance within their respective working ranges.

[0038] like Figures 6 to 8 As shown, the lower part of the main load-bearing frame 200 is equipped with three sets of lower support mechanisms along the width of the ship, corresponding to the port side lower support shoe 402, the mid-side lower support shoe 422, and the starboard side lower support shoe 442, respectively. The three sets of lower support mechanisms have the same basic structure, each including a first swing arm 420, a second swing arm 421, a lower support shoe, a lower support hydraulic cylinder, and a corresponding pin connection structure. The three sets of mechanisms are arranged at intervals, which can form one or more support positions under the ice layer according to the ice layer contact range.

[0039] like Figure 7 As shown, taking the middle lower support mechanism as an example, the frame ends of the first swing arm 420 and the second swing arm 421 are respectively hinged to the frame-side hinge seats on the main support frame 200, and the other ends are respectively rotatably connected to the middle lower support shoe 422 through the shoe pivot pin 424. The two swing arms together constrain the movement of the middle lower support shoe 422, so that the lower support shoe maintains a posture suitable for supporting the ice layer when it rises or falls with the swing arms.

[0040] The mid-mounted lower shoe 422 includes a curved shoe body and a supporting working surface, the supporting working surface of which may be provided with a wear-resistant layer; the lower shoe has a hinge part near the swing arm, and leaves a corresponding clearance space within the swing arm's range of motion. The port side lower shoe 402 and the starboard side lower shoe 442 adopt the same basic structure as the mid-mounted lower shoe 422, and are arranged accordingly according to their port and starboard installation positions.

[0041] like Figure 8As shown, the lower support hydraulic cylinder barrel 425 is pinned to the fixed support on the main bearing frame 200 via the lower support cylinder frame end pin 427, and the lower support hydraulic cylinder piston rod 426 is pinned to the corresponding swing arm drive connection via the lower support hydraulic cylinder rocker arm end pin 423. When the lower support hydraulic cylinder extends or retracts, the cylinder barrel end can rotate around the lower support cylinder frame end pin 427, and the piston rod end can rotate around the lower support hydraulic cylinder rocker arm end pin 423, thereby adapting to the change in the direction of the hydraulic cylinder axis during the rotation of the swing arm, and driving the first swing arm 420, the second swing arm 421, and the lower support shoe to move between the retracted position and the supporting position.

[0042] When the lower support mechanism is in the retracted position, the lower support shoe is located within the storage area of ​​the lower part of the main load-bearing frame 200 to reduce the outward extension size in the non-operating state. When it is necessary to establish lower support, the lower support hydraulic cylinder pushes the swing arm to rotate, causing the lower support shoe to extend below the ice layer. After the lower support shoe contacts the ice layer, the force of the ice layer is transmitted to the main load-bearing frame 200 through the lower support shoe, the swing arm, and the frame side hinge seat. The hydraulic cylinder is mainly used to change the position of the swing arm and maintain the corresponding working state.

[0043] Before icebreaking operations, the corresponding lower support hydraulic cylinders can be controlled according to the relative height between the ice layer and the device, allowing one or more sets of lower support shoes to enter below the ice layer. After the lower support shoes are in place, they form a lower support at the corresponding position. For ice layers where the contact area is mainly located near the centerline of the ship, the mid-section lower support shoe 422 can be used first; when the contact area is wider, the side or three sets of lower support shoes can be used simultaneously. The channel selection only changes the position of the lower support involved in the operation, without changing the basic connection relationship of each lower support mechanism.

[0044] like Figures 9 to 11 As shown, the port side ice deflector 500 and the starboard side ice deflector 550 are respectively installed on the left and right sides of the main load-bearing frame 200. When retracted, the ice deflectors are positioned close to the main load-bearing frame to minimize their outward extension when not in operation; during icebreaking operations, they can be deployed outwards according to the ice-clearing space on both sides of the bow. The port and starboard ice deflectors are each driven by their own deployment hydraulic cylinders, therefore both sides can have the same deployment angle or be adjusted separately.

[0045] Taking the port side ice guide wing 500 as an example, a hinge sleeve is provided at the root of the ice guide wing. The main hinge shaft 501 of the ice guide wing passes through the side fixed hinge seat of the main load-bearing frame 200 and the hinge sleeve at the root of the ice guide wing, so that the port side ice guide wing 500 can rotate around the main hinge shaft 501 of the ice guide wing. The ice guide wing body and the wing root reinforcement rotate together with the ice guide wing, and the fixed hinge seat remains fixedly connected to the main load-bearing frame 200.

[0046] The frame end of the hydraulic cylinder barrel 502 is pinned to a fixed support on the main load-bearing frame 200 via a frame end pin 504. The rod end of the hydraulic cylinder piston rod 503 is pinned to a connecting seat on the port side ice guide wing 500 via a wing end pin 505. During the extension and retraction of the hydraulic cylinder, the cylinder barrel end rotates around the frame end pin 504, and the piston rod end rotates around the wing end pin 505. Simultaneously, the port side ice guide wing 500 changes angle around the main hinge axis 501. Because both ends of the hydraulic cylinder are pinned, no additional linear guide rail is needed on the ice guide wing side.

[0047] The frame-side support of the deploying hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the main load-bearing frame 200, and the wing-side support rotates together with the port side ice guide wing 500. During the deployment of the ice guide wing, the frame end pin 504 of the deploying cylinder, the wing end pin 505 of the deploying cylinder, and the main hinge shaft 501 of the ice guide wing respectively bear the rotation at their corresponding positions. The hydraulic cylinder body only needs to extend, retract, and swing as the positions of the two hinge points change. The clearance space provided near the wing-side support is used to prevent the piston rod from interfering with the edge of the support when the ice guide wing rotates. The starboard side ice guide wing 550 adopts a corresponding mirror arrangement.

[0048] Figure 11 The relative positions of the left and right guide fins when they are deployed are shown. The guide fins can be adjusted between a retracted position and a maximum deployed position; in one embodiment, the maximum deployment angle is approximately 45°. In actual use, the left and right guide fins do not need to always be at the same angle; when there is more ice debris or less ice removal space on one side, the deployment degree of the guide fin on that side can be adjusted as needed.

[0049] In a typical operation, before the vessel approaches the ice edge, the three sets of lifting pressure beams are initially in the raised position, the three sets of lower support shoes are in the retracted position, and the left and right guide ice wings are kept folded or at a small deployment angle to reduce non-working collisions when the device initially contacts the ice edge. After entering the area where ice breaking is required, the upper pressure position is adjusted, the lower support is established, and the guide ice wings are deployed sequentially according to the ice layer position and the predetermined ice removal direction.

[0050] When using this device for icebreaking, first adjust the adjustable transverse support frame 300 according to the contact position of the ice layer in front of the bow. Before adjustment, release the locking of the port side positioning pin 301 and the starboard side positioning pin 302, move the adjustable transverse support frame 300 longitudinally along the ship, so that the upper pressing position of the lifting pressure beam to be used forms the required longitudinal distance with the lower support position of the corresponding lower shoe, and then insert the port side positioning pin 301 and the starboard side positioning pin 302 into the corresponding positioning holes to complete the locking.

[0051] After adjusting the upper pressure position, drive the port side ice guide wing 500 and the starboard side ice guide wing 550 to the desired positions according to the expected direction of ice removal. For relatively uniform ice layers directly in front of the bow, the port and starboard ice guide wings can be kept approximately symmetrical; when the ice layer is biased to one side or the ice removal space on one side is limited, the angles of the port and starboard ice guide wings can be adjusted separately. After the ice guide wing angles are adjusted, keep the corresponding deployment hydraulic cylinders in the working position.

[0052] Subsequently, the lower support channel that needs to participate in the work is selected, and the corresponding lower support shoes 402, 422, and 442 move to the bottom of the ice layer to form a support. In this embodiment, the upper pressure position of the lifting pressure beam and the lower support position formed by the corresponding lower support shoes are not required to be on the same cross section; they can be staggered along the longitudinal direction of the ship. After the lower support is established, the corresponding lifting pressure beams 310, 320, and 330 are controlled to move downward, applying a downward force to the upper surface of the ice layer. Since there is a gap along the longitudinal direction of the ship between the upper pressure line of the lifting pressure beam and the line of action of the lower support shoe support reaction force, a bending lever is formed between the upper and lower opposing forces, causing the ice layer to be subjected to significant bending force in addition to local contact load. Continued loading can lead to crack formation and bending failure; shear failure may also occur during local contact and crack propagation. Depending on the actual working conditions, the lower support mechanism and the upper pressure mechanism can also be made to operate synchronously.

[0053] The upper pressure and lower support mechanisms do not need to reach their maximum stroke simultaneously under all operating conditions. In actual control, the lower support shoe can be brought into contact with the lower surface of the ice layer first, and then the downward pressure of the lifting beam can be gradually increased; alternatively, when the ice layer position changes rapidly, the upper pressure and lower support mechanisms can be brought into contact with the ice layer simultaneously, and loading can continue after stable contact is established. When applying the same ice layer area multiple times, the channel involved in the operation can be changed or the adjustable transverse support frame 300 can be readjusted along the longitudinal direction of the ship to ensure that the subsequent upper pressure position and lower support support position avoid the already damaged area and maintain a suitable longitudinal spacing.

[0054] The three sets of lifting pressure beams and three sets of lower support mechanisms can be combined in different ways. For example, when the ice layer is mainly located near the centerline of the ship, the mid-section lifting pressure beam 320 can be used in conjunction with the mid-section lower support shoe 422; when the ice layer contact area expands to one side, a corresponding side channel can be added; when the contact area is wide, the three sets of channels can work simultaneously or in stages. It is not required that all three sets of channels operate in each operation.

[0055] After the ice layer breaks, the broken ice fragments move towards both sides of the bow under the ship's forward propulsion. The port side ice guide wing 500 and the starboard side ice guide wing 550 constrain and guide the direction of the ice fragments, ensuring that they avoid the main propulsion area directly in front of the bow as much as possible. The ice guide wings mainly serve to guide and discharge the ice fragments, cooperating with the icebreaking functions of the lifting pressure beam and the lower support mechanism.

[0056] After one work cycle is completed, the lifting pressure beams 310, 320, and 330 involved in the work are first raised to a safe position. Then, the lower ice guides 402, 422, and 442 are removed from under the ice and returned to their retracted positions. Finally, the port side ice guide wing 500 and the starboard side ice guide wing 550 are retracted or held at the required angle according to the needs of subsequent navigation. If the next icebreaking operation requires a change in the area of ​​pressure application, the position of the adjustable transverse support frame 300 can be readjusted after the lifting pressure beams are unloaded.

[0057] During continuous icebreaking operations, the current position of the adjustable transverse support frame 300 can be maintained based on the subsequent contact position with the ice layer. If the subsequent contact area does not change significantly, only the lifting pressure beam and the lower support channel need to be switched; if the contact area shifts overall, the adjustable transverse support frame 300 should be readjusted after all actuators have unloaded and left the ice layer. The deployment angle of the ice guide vanes can also be adjusted between adjacent work cycles based on the accumulation of ice fragments on the left and right.

[0058] This embodiment illustrates the basic structure and operation of the device using three sets of upper pressure channels and three sets of lower support channels. In practical applications, the width of the lifting pressure beam, the size of the lower support shoe, the length of the swing arm, the shape of the ice guide wing, and the installation position of each component can be adjusted according to the ship's width, bow shape, expected ice layer size, and specific ice conditions. The left and right mechanisms can be arranged in a mirror image or adapted to the local equipment and structural space at the bow. While maintaining the basic technical relationships such as external installation at the bow, the bending effect created by upper pressure and lower support, the selective participation of each upper pressure and lower support channel, and the ice guide wing's function of guiding and discharging ice fragments, the specific dimensions, quantity, arrangement, drive type, and connection structure of each mechanism can be adjusted according to the specific ship type and operating conditions. The scope of protection of this invention is defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A bow-mounted multi-mechanism collaborative icebreaking device, characterized in that, The system includes a bow curved surface mounting assembly, a main load-bearing frame, an adjustable transverse load-bearing frame mounted on the upper part of the main load-bearing frame, three sets of lifting pressure beams spaced apart along the width of the ship, three sets of lower support mechanisms corresponding to the three sets of lifting pressure beams, and ice guides respectively mounted on the left and right sides of the main load-bearing frame. The bow curved surface mounting assembly is fixedly connected to the main load-bearing frame. The adjustable transverse load-bearing frame can be adjusted and locked along the guide direction on the upper part of the main load-bearing frame. Each set of lifting pressure beams is driven to rise and fall by an upper hydraulic cylinder under the constraint of a vertical guide structure. Each set of lower support mechanisms includes a swing arm, a lower support shoe, and a lower support hydraulic cylinder, used to form support below the ice layer. Each ice guide wing is rotatably connected to the main load-bearing frame through a main hinge shaft and is driven by an unfolding hydraulic cylinder with pins at both ends to the main load-bearing frame and the ice guide wing, respectively.

2. The bow-mounted multi-mechanism collaborative icebreaking device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bow curved surface mounting assembly includes a curved working plate adapted to the shape of the bow and a fixed support component connected to the main load-bearing frame; the main load-bearing frame includes an upper main beam, a lower main beam, left and right side columns, longitudinal beams and diagonal braces, and an upper pressing mechanism, a lower supporting mechanism and ice guide wing are respectively installed on the main load-bearing frame.

3. The bow-mounted multi-mechanism collaborative icebreaking device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adjustable transverse support frame cooperates with the guide structure on the upper part of the main support frame, and the position is locked by the positioning pins on the left and right sides cooperating with the positioning holes on the main support frame; the three sets of lifting pressure beams are respectively equipped with vertical guide columns, and the adjustable transverse support frame is equipped with guide holes or guide sleeves that cooperate with the vertical guide columns.

4. The bow-mounted multi-mechanism collaborative icebreaking device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The cylinder end of each set of upper hydraulic cylinders is connected to the adjustable transverse support frame via a frame end pin, and the piston rod end is connected to the corresponding lifting pressure beam via a pressure beam end pin. The lifting pressure beams located on the left and right sides are provided with a clearance groove on the side adjacent to the movement area of ​​the ice guide wing deployment hydraulic cylinder to avoid the movement range of the deployment hydraulic cylinder during the rotation of the ice guide wing.

5. The bow-mounted multi-mechanism collaborative icebreaking device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each set of lower support mechanisms includes a first swing arm and a second swing arm. The frame ends of the first and second swing arms are rotatably connected to the main load-bearing frame, and the other ends are rotatably connected to the corresponding lower support shoe through a shoe pivot pin. The cylinder end of the lower support hydraulic cylinder is pinned to the fixed support on the main load-bearing frame through a frame end pin, and the piston rod end is pinned to the drive connection part of the corresponding swing arm through a rocker arm end pin.

6. The bow-mounted multi-mechanism collaborative icebreaking device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The undershoe has a support surface facing the ice layer and a hinge part connected to the swing arm, and is provided with a clearance groove for the movement of the swing arm; the three sets of undershoe mechanisms can operate separately or synchronously to form one or more support positions under the ice layer.

7. The bow-mounted multi-mechanism collaborative icebreaking device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each ice guide wing has a hinged part at its root that mates with the main hinge shaft, which is mounted on a fixed hinge seat on the main load-bearing frame. The cylinder end of the deployment hydraulic cylinder is pinned to the main load-bearing frame via a vertical pin at the frame end, and the piston rod end is pinned to the ice guide wing via a vertical pin at the wing end. The hydraulic cylinder support on the ice guide wing side has clearance space for piston rod movement.

8. The bow-mounted multi-mechanism collaborative icebreaking device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The three sets of lifting pressure beams and the three sets of lower support mechanisms can operate independently or synchronously. The adjustable transverse support frame can adjust the working position of the three sets of lifting pressure beams along the longitudinal direction of the ship, so that the upper pressing position of at least one set of lifting pressure beams is staggered from the lower support position of the corresponding lower support shoe along the longitudinal direction of the ship. The lifting pressure beams and lower support mechanisms participating in the operation are selected according to the ice width and contact position. The left and right ice guide wings can be adjusted to adjust their deployment angle to adapt to different ice crushing directions.

9. A bow-mounted multi-mechanism collaborative icebreaking method, applicable to the bow-mounted multi-mechanism collaborative icebreaking device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, include: The bow-mounted multi-mechanism collaborative icebreaking device is positioned on the outer side of the bow. Adjust and lock the adjustable transverse support frame according to the contact area of ​​the target ice layer, so that the upper pressure position of at least one set of lifting pressure beams is staggered from the lower support position of the corresponding lower support shoe along the longitudinal direction of the ship; adjust the left and right guide ice wings to the required deployment position; control the action of at least one set of lower support mechanisms to move the corresponding lower support shoe to the bottom of the ice layer to form support; control at least one set of lifting pressure beams to apply downward force to the upper surface of the ice layer, so that the line of action of the downward force and the upward support reaction force provided by the lower support shoe is kept at a distance along the longitudinal direction of the ship, thereby causing the ice layer to bend and undergo bending or shearing failure; after the ice layer breaks, the left and right guide ice wings are used to guide the broken ice to both sides of the hull.

10. The ice-breaking method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The three sets of lifting pressure beams operate synchronously or separately, and the three sets of lower support mechanisms operate synchronously or separately. The lifting pressure beams and lower support mechanisms participating in the operation are selected according to the ice width, contact position, and damage state. The left and right ice guide wings adjust their deployment angles respectively, and return to the retracted position or the preset safe position after completing the ice breaking and ice crushing guide.

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