A self-adaptive supporting device for a building foundation pit adjacent to a municipal road

Abstract

The application is suitable for the technical field of foundation pit supporting engineering, and provides a self-adaptive supporting device for a building foundation pit adjacent to a municipal road, which comprises a self-adaptive control system, the self-adaptive control system is sequentially arranged from the outside of the foundation pit to the inside of the foundation pit and comprises a front road load buffering sensing module, a layered and segmented self-adaptive hydraulic supporting main module and a linkage foundation pit water stop deviation correction compensation module; the signal output end of the front road load buffering sensing module is in electrical connection with the signal input end of a partition control controller arranged in the layered and segmented self-adaptive hydraulic supporting main module; the application can automatically adapt to various working conditions such as municipal road traffic changes, foundation pit layered excavation unloading and underground pipeline displacement, improve the stress uniformity of the supporting structure, effectively control the municipal pavement settlement and the lateral displacement of the foundation pit, and protect the construction safety of the building foundation pit, the adjacent municipal road and the underground pipeline, and has the advantages of self-adaptive adjustment, convenient construction, repeated disassembly and assembly, stable deformation control and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of foundation pit support engineering technology, and particularly relates to an adaptive support device for building foundation pits adjacent to municipal roads. Background Technology

[0002] In urban built-up areas, numerous newly constructed residential and commercial buildings are located adjacent to main and secondary urban roads. During the excavation phase, various types of motor vehicles and non-motor vehicles continuously travel on these roads, generating cyclical dynamic loads. These loads are superimposed on the lateral earth pressure generated by the unloading of the excavated soil, resulting in a double load continuously acting on the slope support structure of the foundation pit. Furthermore, water supply, drainage, gas, and power pipelines are laid beneath these roads, and some sections are adjacent to subway protection zones. When the deformation of the support structure exceeds the control range, it can easily lead to municipal safety issues such as road surface settlement, pipeline cracking and leakage, and subway tunnel displacement. Currently, foundation pit support mainly uses reinforced concrete supports and fixed steel support structures, supplemented by single-point manual monitoring equipment for data collection. The overall control mode is relatively simple and has many limitations in the context of foundation pit construction near municipal roads.

[0003] Existing foundation pit support structures suffer from three prominent problems in construction scenarios adjacent to municipal roads. These three problems correspond one-to-one with the subsequent beneficial effects of this invention, as detailed below:

[0004] The fixed support parameters lack dynamic adjustment capabilities, and the monitoring data is lagging: the preload and expansion of traditional support remain constant after construction, which cannot match the dynamic load changes brought about by morning and evening traffic flow and heavy vehicle traffic on municipal roads; conventional monitoring sensors are directly buried under the roadbed without buffer protection structures, and continuous vehicle vibration can easily cause the sensor probe to detach from the soil, resulting in biased data collection; monitoring work relies on manual on-site inspections at regular intervals, and data cannot be obtained in time under sudden load conditions, making it difficult to adjust the stress state of the support in advance, and increasing the probability of uneven road settlement and stress cracking of retaining piles;

[0005] The overall support system is adjusted synchronously, but lacks a zoned independent control mechanism, resulting in limited coordination of slope deformation. Building foundation pits follow a layered excavation process, leading to significant differences in lateral soil pressure between the shallow and deep soil layers. The additional dynamic loads borne by different sections of the foundation pit vary depending on their distance from municipal roads. Existing support units perform expansion and contraction and pre-tightening operations simultaneously, failing to differentiate stress differences in different areas of the foundation pit, easily leading to localized soil bulging and localized stress overload of retaining piles. The lack of matrix-style zoned stress detection components makes it difficult for management personnel to accurately identify localized deformation points in the foundation pit, and uniform adjustments to support parameters cannot adapt to the stress state of the soil in each zone.

[0006] The three structures of support, water-stopping, and base anti-buoyancy are independently controlled, leading to secondary problems arising from deformation: The existing retaining support, flexible water-stopping curtain, and base anti-buoyancy device are controlled by three separate independent systems. When the support structure undergoes lateral deformation under road dynamic loads, the water-stopping curtain cannot synchronously adjust its tension stress, easily creating gaps between the curtain and the retaining piles, allowing groundwater to seep into the foundation pit. When the base soil is subjected to lateral compression and shifts upwards, the base anti-buoyancy jacking device lacks synchronous adjustment commands, further exacerbating the tilting of the retaining piles and forming a continuous chain of deformation and failure. Seepage monitoring can only assess overall leakage and cannot quickly locate leakage points; once leakage occurs, work must be stopped for excavation and repair, impacting the construction progress.

[0007] Therefore, an adaptive support device for building foundation pits near municipal roads is needed to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide an adaptive support device for building foundation pits near municipal roads to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0010] An adaptive support device for building foundation pits adjacent to municipal roads includes an adaptive control system. The adaptive control system is arranged sequentially from the outside of the foundation pit to the inside of the foundation pit, including a front-end road load buffer sensing module, a layered and segmented adaptive hydraulic support main module, and a linkage foundation pit water-stopping and correction compensation module.

[0011] The signal output terminal of the front-end road load buffer sensing module is electrically connected to the signal input terminal of the zone control controller built into the layered and segmented adaptive hydraulic support main module.

[0012] The adjustment signal output terminal of the layered and segmented adaptive hydraulic support main module is electrically connected to the drive control terminal of the linkage pit water-stopping and correction compensation module.

[0013] The pre-load buffer sensing module includes a load buffer pad, a distributed displacement sensing unit, a pipeline deformation acquisition unit, and a data transmission subunit. The load buffer pad is laid in line with the subgrade surface of the municipal road. The distributed displacement sensing unit is embedded inside the load buffer pad. The pipeline deformation acquisition unit is fixed to the outer wall of the underground pipeline outside the pit. Both the distributed displacement sensing unit and the pipeline deformation acquisition unit are electrically connected to the data transmission subunit.

[0014] The layered and segmented adaptive hydraulic support main module includes a foundation pit retaining pile, multiple sets of independent hydraulic support units, a zone control controller, and a lateral stress detection unit. The foundation pit retaining pile is continuously arranged along the inner side of the foundation pit slope. The two ends of the independent hydraulic support unit abut against the inner wall of the foundation pit retaining pile and the foundation pit cap beam, respectively. The lateral stress detection unit is embedded in the side wall of the foundation pit retaining pile. The zone control controller establishes signal paths with the independent hydraulic support unit, the lateral stress detection unit, and the data transmission subunit, respectively.

[0015] The linkage foundation pit water-stopping and correction compensation module includes a flexible water-stopping curtain, a curtain tensioning and adjustment unit, a base anti-buoyancy correction and jacking unit, and a seepage detection unit. The flexible water-stopping curtain is arranged in close contact with the soil outside the foundation pit retaining piles. The curtain tensioning and adjustment unit is assembled at the upper and lower ends of the flexible water-stopping curtain. The base anti-buoyancy correction and jacking unit is buried inside the foundation pit base soil. The seepage detection unit is embedded in the interlayer of the flexible water-stopping curtain. The curtain tensioning and adjustment unit, the base anti-buoyancy correction and jacking unit, and the seepage detection unit are all electrically connected to the zone control controller.

[0016] The zone control controller adjusts the curtain tensioning unit and the base anti-buoyancy correction and jacking unit simultaneously based on the support deformation, and compensates for the seepage gaps and base offset caused by the support deformation, blocking the continuous damage path derived from deformation. The distributed seepage detection unit completes the identification of leakage points and reduces the frequency of work stoppages for repairs.

[0017] The signal transmission logic of the adaptive control system is as follows: various sensing elements inside the front-end road load buffer sensing module collect load, displacement, and pipeline deformation data, which are then transmitted to the zone control controller of the layered and segmented adaptive hydraulic support main module via the data transmission subunit. The zone control controller has a built-in data comparison module to calculate the force difference of each section, and the graded adjustment output module sends extension and pre-tightening force adjustment commands to the independent hydraulic support units in the corresponding areas. The controller synchronously outputs matching adjustment commands to the curtain tensioning adjustment unit and the base anti-buoyancy correction jacking unit of the linkage foundation pit water-stopping and correction compensation module, forming a three-layer progressive closed-loop control process of "external disturbance perception - support adaptive adjustment - water-stopping base synchronous compensation".

[0018] A further technical solution is that the load buffer pad is a multi-layer composite elastic structure, the load buffer pad has a pre-reserved embedded installation groove, the distributed displacement sensing unit is snapped and fixed inside the embedded installation groove, the load buffer pad is provided with an anti-slip bonding layer on the side facing the municipal road, and a permeable drainage layer is provided on the side facing the foundation pit soil.

[0019] The pre-positioned road load buffer sensing module relies on the load buffer cushion layer to buffer the impact and vibration of vehicles. The distributed displacement sensing unit and pipeline deformation acquisition unit continuously collect multi-dimensional data on road load, subgrade settlement and pipeline deformation. The data is transmitted to the zone control controller in real time, realizing the early acquisition of external disturbances, providing a pre-positioned data foundation for the adjustment of the support structure, and alleviating the control problems caused by monitoring lag and sensor data distortion.

[0020] In a further technical solution, the pipeline deformation acquisition unit includes an annular fixing clamp, a three-dimensional deformation sensor, and a signal repeater. The annular fixing clamp is fitted around the outer wall of the underground pipeline, the three-dimensional deformation sensor is embedded inside the annular fixing clamp, the three-dimensional deformation sensor is electrically connected to the signal repeater, and the signal repeater is connected to the data transmission subunit.

[0021] A further technical solution is that each independent hydraulic support unit includes a telescopic hydraulic cylinder, a pressure feedback sensor, a locking pressure regulating valve, and a hinged support. The two ends of the telescopic hydraulic cylinder are respectively hinged to the foundation pit retaining piles and the foundation pit cap beam through the hinged support. The pressure feedback sensor is mounted on the end of the piston rod of the telescopic hydraulic cylinder. The locking pressure regulating valve is connected in series to the oil circuit of the telescopic hydraulic cylinder. The signal line of the pressure feedback sensor is connected to the zone control controller.

[0022] In a further technical solution, the lateral stress detection unit uses a thin-film stress sensor, and multiple sets of thin-film stress sensors are arranged in a matrix along the vertical and horizontal directions of the foundation pit retaining piles. Each thin-film stress sensor is independently equipped with a signal transmission line connected to the zone control controller.

[0023] The zone control controller issues adjustment commands separately based on soil stress and road load data for each section. Each hydraulic support independently adjusts its expansion and contraction and preload to adapt to the soil stress conditions in different areas of the foundation pit, reducing the probability of local slope slippage and local overload cracking of retaining piles.

[0024] A further technical solution is that the curtain tensioning adjustment unit includes a vertical tensioning cylinder, a horizontal tightening wire rope, and fixed anchors. The fixed anchors are pre-embedded in the top cap beam and the bottom waist beam of the foundation pit, respectively. The two ends of the vertical tensioning cylinder are connected to the upper and lower sets of fixed anchors. The horizontal tightening wire rope passes horizontally through the flexible water-stop curtain and is connected to the output end of the vertical tensioning cylinder.

[0025] A further technical solution is that the base anti-buoyancy and correction jacking unit includes an embedded hydraulic jacking device, a soil pressure sensing probe, and a bidirectional displacement limiting device. The embedded hydraulic jacking device is vertically embedded in the soil at the base of the foundation pit. The bidirectional displacement limiting device is sleeved on the outside of the embedded hydraulic jacking device. The soil pressure sensing probe is arranged to fit against the bottom surface of the embedded hydraulic jacking device. The signal of the soil pressure sensing probe is connected to the zone control controller.

[0026] In a further technical solution, the seepage detection unit adopts a distributed seepage sensing optical cable, which is embedded in the flexible water-stop curtain interlayer in a grid pattern. The two ends of the distributed seepage sensing optical cable are respectively connected to the seepage signal acquisition port of the zone control controller.

[0027] A further technical solution involves integrating a data comparison module, a graded adjustment output module, and a fault early warning module within the zoned control controller. The data comparison module receives raw data on load, displacement, and pipeline deformation collected by the upstream road load buffer sensing module. The graded adjustment output module issues graded adjustment commands to the independent hydraulic support unit, the curtain tensioning adjustment unit, and the base anti-buoyancy correction jacking unit based on the calculation results of the data comparison module. The fault early warning module establishes linkage pathways with the distributed displacement sensing unit, the lateral stress detection unit, and the seepage prevention detection unit, respectively.

[0028] A further technical solution is that the adaptive control system is equipped with a wireless power supply component. The wireless power supply component provides independent power to all sensing, driving, and control components inside the front-end road load buffer sensing module, the layered and segmented adaptive hydraulic support main module, and the linkage pit water-stopping and correction compensation module. The wireless power supply component includes an embedded induction power supply coil, an energy storage lithium battery, and an overvoltage protection circuit board.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0030] This invention, featuring a pre-positioned road load buffer sensing module combined with a load buffer layer, a distributed displacement sensing unit, and a pipeline deformation acquisition unit, can buffer vehicle vibration and impact, continuously collect dynamic load data of municipal roads and multi-dimensional deformation data of underground pipelines, and alleviate monitoring lag and sensor data distortion problems. The load buffer layer isolates vehicle impact vibration, reducing sensor element displacement; the pipeline deformation acquisition unit completely wraps the pipeline with a ring-shaped fixing clamp, and the three-dimensional deformation sensor synchronously collects radial, axial, and bending deformation of the pipeline, while the data transmission subunit uploads data to the zone control controller in real time. Under load fluctuation conditions such as morning and evening rush hours and heavy vehicle traffic, the device can output disturbance data in advance, reserving response time for the second layer of support adjustment, which helps reduce the probability of uneven settlement of municipal roads and damage to underground pipelines, and reduces the need for on-site manual monitoring.

[0031] This invention features a layered and segmented adaptive hydraulic support main module with multiple independent hydraulic support units and a matrix-style lateral stress detection unit. This enables independent adaptive adjustment of different areas of the foundation pit, mitigating the problem of local slope deformation caused by uniform support adjustment. The zone control controller compares road load and lateral stress data of retaining piles in each section, individually controlling the preload and extension of each set of telescopic hydraulic cylinders. It appropriately increases the support bearing capacity in sections closer to the road and deeper in the foundation pit, and appropriately reduces the support stress in sections farther from the road and shallower in the foundation pit, matching the stress state of the soil in each zone. Pressure feedback sensors transmit the cylinder support pressure in real time, locking the pressure stabilizing valve to stabilize the support force, reducing local stress overload cracking of the retaining piles, and lowering the labor cost of manual segmented support adjustment on-site.

[0032] This invention links the foundation pit water-stopping and correction compensation module with the second-layer support structure for coordinated control. This synchronously compensates for seepage gaps and foundation uplift defects caused by support deformation, thus blocking the chain reaction of deformation damage. When the retaining piles undergo lateral outward deformation under road loads, the zone control controller simultaneously activates the vertical tensioning cylinders to pull the horizontally tightening steel wire ropes, adjusting the tension stress of the flexible water-stop curtain and filling the gap between the retaining piles and the soil. Foundation soil pressure sensing probes collect foundation uplift pressure, and embedded hydraulic pushers output downward pushing force to constrain foundation offset. A seepage detection unit composed of distributed seepage sensing optical cables identifies leakage points, and a fault early warning module pushes early warning information, facilitating targeted leakage handling by management personnel, reducing large-scale work stoppages for repairs, and extending the service life of the water-stop curtain.

[0033] To more clearly illustrate the structural features and effects of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall architecture of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the architecture of the front-end road load buffer sensing module of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the main module architecture of the layered and segmented adaptive hydraulic support of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the architecture of the linkage foundation pit water-stopping and correction compensation module of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the architecture and connection of the signal repeater of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the independent hydraulic support unit architecture of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 7This is a schematic diagram of the curtain tensioning and adjustment unit architecture of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the anti-buoyancy and correction jacking unit architecture of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the partition control controller architecture of the present invention.

[0043] In the diagram: 1. Front-end road load buffer sensing module; 101. Load buffer cushion layer; 102. Distributed displacement sensing unit; 103. Pipeline deformation acquisition unit; 1031. Ring-shaped fixing clamp; 1032. Three-dimensional deformation sensor; 1033. Signal repeater; 104. Data transmission subunit; 2. Layered and segmented adaptive hydraulic support main module; 201. Pit retaining piles; 202. Independent hydraulic support unit; 2021. Telescopic hydraulic cylinder; 2022. Pressure feedback sensor; 2023. Locking pressure regulating valve; 2024. Hinge support; 203. Zone control controller; 2031. Data comparison module; 2032. Graded adjustment output module; 2033. Therefore... 1. Obstacle warning module; 204. Lateral stress detection unit; 3. Linked foundation pit water-stopping and correction compensation module; 301. Flexible water-stop curtain; 302. Curtain tensioning adjustment unit; 3021. Vertical tensioning cylinder; 3022. Lateral tightening steel wire rope; 3023. Fixed anchor; 303. Foundation anti-buoyancy correction jacking unit; 3031. Embedded hydraulic jacking device; 3032. Soil pressure sensing probe; 3033. Bidirectional displacement limiting component; 304. Seepage prevention detection unit; 4. Wireless power supply component; 401. Embedded inductive power supply coil; 402. Energy storage lithium battery; 403. Overvoltage protection circuit board; 5. Municipal road subgrade; 6. Underground pipeline; 7. Foundation pit capping beam; 8. Foundation pit foundation soil. Detailed Implementation

[0044] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0045] The specific implementation of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0046] Example 1 (Basic Example: Shallow building foundation pit beside a secondary urban road, complete three-story modular foundation assembly)

[0047] like Figure 1-9As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides an adaptive support device for building foundation pits adjacent to municipal roads. It is suitable for construction scenarios of ordinary building foundation pits in urban secondary arterial roads, shallow excavation, and areas without nearby subway facilities. It is fully equipped with a three-layer progressive adaptive control system, and the assembly and operation process of each module is as follows:

[0048] The front-end road load buffer sensing module 1 is laid between the bottom surface of the municipal roadbed 5 and the soil outside the pit. The load buffer cushion layer 101 is completely attached to the roadbed surface. The distributed displacement sensing unit 102 is inserted into the embedded installation groove inside the cushion layer. The ring-shaped fixing clamp 1031 locks and wraps the outer wall of the underground pipeline 6. The three-dimensional deformation sensor 1032 is laid close to the outer wall of the pipeline. The data collected by all sensing elements is aggregated to the data transmission subunit 104 through the signal repeater 1033 and transmitted to the zone control controller 203 in the form of wireless signal.

[0049] The foundation pit retaining piles 201 of the layered and segmented adaptive hydraulic support main module 2 are continuously arranged along the inner side of the foundation pit slope. Multiple sets of independent hydraulic support units 202 are arranged in segments along the vertical height of the shallow foundation pit and the length parallel to the secondary road. The two ends of the telescopic hydraulic cylinder 2021 are connected to the foundation pit retaining piles 201 and the foundation pit cap beam 7 respectively through hinged supports 2024. The pressure feedback sensor 2022 is mounted on the end of the cylinder piston rod, and the lock-up pressure regulating valve 2023 is connected in series to the cylinder oil circuit. The membrane-type lateral stress detection unit 204 matrix is ​​embedded in the side wall of the retaining piles 201, and the collected stress data is synchronously transmitted to the zone control controller 203. The controller's internal data comparison module 2031 completes the calculation of load and stress data, and the graded adjustment output module 2032 sends adjustment commands to the corresponding section cylinders. After the cylinders complete the adjustment of the telescopic amount and preload, the lock-up pressure regulating valve 2023 locks the oil circuit to maintain the support state.

[0050] The flexible water-stop curtain 301 of the linkage foundation pit water-stopping and correction compensation module 3 is arranged to fit the soil outside the retaining piles 201. Fixed anchors 3023 are pre-embedded in the top cap beam 7 and bottom waist beam of the foundation pit. Vertical tensioning cylinders 3021 are connected to the upper and lower anchors. Horizontal tightening steel wire ropes 3022 pass through the flexible water-stop curtain 301 and are connected to the output end of the cylinders. A hydraulic jacking device 3031 is embedded vertically in the foundation pit base soil 8. A bidirectional displacement limiting device 3033 is sleeved on the outside of the jacking device. Soil pressure sensing probes 3032 are attached to the bottom surface of the jacking device. A grid-like distributed seepage sensing optical cable is embedded in the curtain interlayer, and seepage prevention data is synchronously transmitted back to the zone control controller 203. The controller synchronously starts the vertical tensioning cylinders 3021 and the embedded hydraulic jacking device 3031 according to the deformation of the retaining piles, and synchronously adjusts the curtain tension stress and the base jacking force.

[0051] The wireless power supply component 4 has an embedded induction power supply coil 401 buried in the soil around the foundation pit, an energy storage lithium battery 402 as a backup power supply component, an overvoltage protection circuit board 403 to stabilize the output voltage, and three modules are independently connected to the power supply line to maintain the continuous operation of the entire control system.

[0052] Example 2 (Urban main road heavy traffic pit, front road load buffer sensing module (1) optimized assembly)

[0053] This embodiment is designed for the high-frequency traffic conditions of large trucks and heavy-duty vehicles on urban main roads. The assembly configuration of the front-end road load buffer sensing module 1 is adjusted. The load buffer pad 101 adopts a multi-layer thickened composite elastic structure and the spacing of the distributed displacement sensing units 102 is increased. A set of signal repeaters 1033 is added to the pipeline deformation acquisition unit 103 to reduce the impact of electromagnetic interference from traffic flow on the main road on data transmission.

[0054] The thickened composite structure of the load buffer layer 101 can share the impact force transmitted by heavy-duty vehicles, and the densely deployed distributed displacement sensing units 102 can capture local minor settlement changes in the roadbed; the dual-signal repeater 1033 ensures the stable transmission of pipeline deformation data collected by the three-dimensional deformation sensor 1032 to the data transmission subunit 104. After receiving high-precision, high-density load data, the zone control controller 203 issues a pre-tensioning command to the independent hydraulic support unit 202 near the main road section, increasing the support output force of the telescopic hydraulic cylinder 2021 and synchronously driving the vertical tensioning cylinder 3021 to increase the curtain tightening amplitude, adapting to the larger lateral deformation of the retaining piles under the main road working conditions. The basic assembly structure and signal transmission logic of the layered and segmented adaptive hydraulic support main module 2 and the linkage pit water-stopping and correction compensation module 3 are consistent with those of Example 1.

[0055] Example 3 (Optimized assembly of main module 2 for layered and segmented adaptive hydraulic support in ultra-deep building foundation pit in subway protection zone)

[0056] This embodiment is suitable for construction scenarios adjacent to subway tunnels and with large foundation pit excavation depths. The layered and segmented adaptive hydraulic support main module 2 is divided into three independent hydraulic support units 202 along the vertical direction of the foundation pit: shallow, middle and deep layers. The matrix arrangement density of the lateral stress detection unit 204 is increased. The telescopic hydraulic cylinder 2021 in the deep section is configured with a larger stroke adjustment range. The zone control controller 203 has a built-in subway deformation threshold comparison program.

[0057] The front-end road load buffer sensing module 1 continuously collects road load and pipeline deformation data. The zone control controller 203 distinguishes the stress values ​​of shallow, medium, and deep soil in the foundation pit and issues commands to extend the extension stroke and increase the pre-tightening force to the telescopic hydraulic cylinder 2021 in the deep section to counteract the greater lateral soil pressure in the deep soil. The high-density thin-film stress sensor continuously captures the small deformations of the deep retaining piles. If the deformation value approaches the subway control threshold, the controller simultaneously issues coordinated adjustment commands to the front-end module and the water-stop compensation module, simultaneously tightening the flexible water-stop curtain 301 and increasing the output thrust of the foundation-embedded hydraulic jacking device 3031. The locking pressure stabilizing valve 2023 continuously stabilizes the support pressure of the deep cylinders, reducing the disturbance caused by the offset of the retaining piles to the subway tunnel. The basic assembly structure of the front-end road load buffer sensing module 1 and the linked foundation pit water-stop correction compensation module 3 is the same as that in Example 1.

[0058] Example 4 (Optimized assembly of pipeline deformation acquisition unit 103 and seepage prevention detection unit 304 in a foundation pit with dense underground pipelines 6)

[0059] In this embodiment, multiple underground pipelines 6 for water supply, gas, and electricity are laid simultaneously on the outside of the foundation pit. The pipeline deformation acquisition unit 103 is equipped with a ring-shaped fixing clamp 1031 and a three-dimensional deformation sensor 1032 for each pipeline. The seepage prevention detection unit 304 reduces the spacing of the distributed seepage sensing optical cable grid and compresses the location range of seepage points.

[0060] Multiple sets of three-dimensional deformation sensors 1032 synchronously collect radial, axial, and bending deformation data of various pipelines. Each set of data is independently transmitted to the zone control controller 203. The controller distinguishes the deformation warning levels of gas and water supply pipelines. When the pipeline deformation value approaches the control threshold, the support force of the hydraulic support unit 202 is increased synchronously to reduce soil compression. The densely gridded seepage sensing optical cable can accurately locate the location of local minor leaks in the flexible water-stop curtain 301. The fault early warning module 2033 pushes the corresponding leak coordinates, allowing management personnel to carry out repair work at specific points without the need for large-scale excavation and investigation. The three-layer module linkage control logic and the hydraulic support unit assembly structure are consistent with those in Example 1.

[0061] Example 5 (Optimized assembly of 303 anti-buoyancy and correction jacking unit for foundation pit in saturated soil during rainstorm).

[0062] This embodiment addresses the situation where soil moisture content increases and the foundation soil shows a significant upward trend after heavy rains during the rainy season. The assembly configuration of the foundation anti-buoyancy correction jacking unit 303 is adjusted, the number of soil pressure sensing probes 3032 is increased, and the travel of the bidirectional displacement limiting component 3033 is lengthened.

[0063] After the heavy rain, the moisture content of the soil at the foundation pit increased. The soil pressure sensing probe 3032 quickly collected the pressure value of the foundation pit's upward movement. After the data was transmitted to the zone control controller 203, the controller simultaneously activated multiple sets of embedded hydraulic pushers 3031 to output downward pushing force. The extended bidirectional displacement limiter 3033 constrained the large-scale displacement of the foundation pit. Simultaneously, the controller issued a tightening command to the curtain tensioning adjustment unit 302. The vertical tensioning cylinder 3021 pulled the horizontally tightening steel wire rope 3022 to press the flexible water-stop curtain 301, which adhered to the saturated soil to prevent groundwater from seeping into the foundation pit, thus alleviating the simultaneous problems of foundation uplift and curtain seepage. The basic assembly structure of the front-mounted road load buffer sensing module 1 and the layered and segmented adaptive hydraulic support main module 2 remained unchanged.

[0064] Example 6 (Simplified assembly of small commercial narrow foundation pit with independent hydraulic support unit (202))

[0065] This embodiment is applicable to narrow-width small commercial supporting foundation pits where the length of the foundation pit parallel to the municipal road is relatively short. The layered and segmented adaptive hydraulic support main module 2 is divided into two independent hydraulic support units 202 along the vertical depth, namely shallow and deep layers. The horizontal direction is no longer segmented. The lateral stress detection unit 204 is simplified to a double-row matrix arrangement, reducing the number of cylinders and sensing elements assembled.

[0066] The front-end road load buffer sensing module 1 continuously collects raw road load data. The zone control controller 203 issues adjustment commands independently to the shallow and deep sets of hydraulic cylinders. The shallow hydraulic cylinders appropriately reduce the support stress, while the deep hydraulic cylinders appropriately increase the support bearing capacity. The linkage pit water-stopping and correction compensation module 3 synchronously follows the deformation of the two sets of hydraulic cylinders to complete tensioning and jacking adjustments. The three-layer progressive linkage control process remains unchanged. After simplifying the assembly structure, it can be adapted to the construction needs of small pits, reducing the overall equipment investment. The signal transmission and basic assembly relationship of each module level are consistent with those in Example 1.

[0067] Example 7 (Disassembly and Reuse Process of Equipment After Foundation Pit Completion)

[0068] After the foundation pit is completed and accepted, all telescopic hydraulic cylinders 2021, vertical tensioning cylinders 3021, and embedded hydraulic pushers 3031 are retracted through the zone control controller 203 to release all support, tension, and pushing forces; the annular fixed clamps 1031, distributed displacement sensing units 102, seepage prevention detection units 304, and various sensing elements are removed in sequence; the hinged supports 2024 and fixed anchors 3023 are removed, and the independent hydraulic support units 202 and curtain tensioning adjustment units 302 are separated; the embedded induction power supply coils 401 and the base anti-buoyancy correction pushing units 303 are excavated; the load buffer pads 101 and flexible water-stop curtains 301 are removed; after all hydraulic equipment, sensing elements, zone control controllers 203, and wireless power supply components 4 are cleaned and maintained, they can be transported as a whole to other adjacent municipal road building foundation pit projects for reassembly and use.

[0069] Working principle (two typical use cases are set up to fully explain the three-level progressive closed-loop control operation process)

[0070] Scenario 1: Sudden changes in traffic flow during morning and evening rush hours on urban main roads

[0071] During the morning rush hour, a large number of heavy-duty trucks travel on the main road. The impact force generated by the vehicles is first transmitted to the load buffer layer 101, which shares part of the impact load. The distributed displacement sensing unit 102 continuously collects the additional load data of the roadbed settlement. The underground pipeline 6 is deformed by the compression of the soil. The three-dimensional deformation sensor 1032 of the pipeline deformation acquisition unit 103 synchronously collects multi-dimensional deformation data. All the raw data is wirelessly transmitted to the zone control controller 203 through the data transmission subunit 104, completing the pre-collection of external disturbance data.

[0072] The internal data comparison module 2031 of the zone control controller 203 completes data calculation and identifies a significant increase in lateral additional stress in the section near the main road. The graded adjustment output module 2032 sends commands to all independent hydraulic support units 202 on the side of the foundation pit near the main road to increase the preload and extend the telescopic stroke. The telescopic hydraulic cylinder 2021 pushes the foundation pit retaining piles 201 outward along the hinged support 2024. The pressure feedback sensor 2022 transmits the cylinder support pressure in real time. After the value reaches the preset threshold, the pressure stabilizing valve 2023 locks the oil circuit. The lateral stress detection unit 204 continuously collects the stress data of the retaining piles. The controller dynamically fine-tunes the cylinder support force according to the real-time stress value to offset the lateral pressure of the soil superimposed by the vehicle's flowing load and control the lateral deformation of the retaining piles.

[0073] The controller synchronously reads the deformation adjustment parameters of the retaining piles and sends synchronous adjustment commands to the linkage pit water-stopping and correction compensation module 3. The vertical tensioning cylinder 3021 pulls the horizontal tightening steel wire rope 3022 to tighten the flexible water-stopping curtain 301, filling the soil gaps caused by the outward expansion of the retaining piles. The base soil pressure sensing probe 3032 captures the upward trend of the base and the embedded hydraulic jacking device 3031 outputs downward jacking force to constrain the base offset. The seepage prevention detection unit 304 continuously monitors the seepage prevention status of the curtain. The entire system completes the three-layer closed-loop control of "load sensing - support adjustment - water-stopping base compensation". As the traffic volume decreases at night, the load value collected by the first layer of sensors decreases synchronously. The controller automatically reduces the pre-tightening force of the hydraulic support and simultaneously relaxes the tension stress of the water-stopping curtain to avoid the support being in a high-stress state for a long time.

[0074] Scenario 2: Composite working condition of layered excavation of ultra-deep foundation pit combined with rainstorm-saturated soil

[0075] The front-end road load buffer sensing module 1 continuously collects data on the foundation load of municipal roads and the deformation of underground pipelines 6, and simultaneously records the increase in the settlement of the roadbed soil after heavy rain. All data are collected and transmitted to the zone control controller 203.

[0076] The layered and segmented adaptive hydraulic support main module 2 is independently adjusted according to the shallow, middle and deep layers of the foundation pit. During the deep excavation stage, the soil unloading is greater, and the controller sends a command to the deep telescopic hydraulic cylinder 2021 to increase the support bearing capacity, while the shallow cylinder appropriately reduces the support stress. The matrix-type lateral stress detection unit 204 continuously captures the deformation data of the retaining piles of each layer, and the controller corrects the cylinder adjustment amount according to the real-time deformation value to balance the overall stress state of the foundation pit.

[0077] The linkage pit water-stopping and correction compensation module 3 operates synchronously. After heavy rain, the soil becomes saturated, increasing the risk of groundwater seepage. The vertical tensioning cylinder 3021 continuously tightens the flexible water-stopping curtain 301, and the grid seepage sensing optical cable monitors the seepage prevention status of the curtain in real time. When the foundation soil is subjected to lateral compression and shows an upward trend, multiple sets of buried hydraulic jacking devices 3031 output jacking force synchronously, and the bidirectional displacement limiting device 3033 restrains the large-scale displacement of the foundation. When the seepage detection unit 304 detects a leakage signal, the fault early warning module 2033 pushes an early warning information, allowing management personnel to carry out repair work at designated points without the need for large-scale work stoppage and excavation.

[0078] In two scenarios, the three-layer modules are linked and interconnected. The first layer provides external disturbance data for the second layer, and the second layer outputs support deformation adjustment parameters for the third layer. The three-layer progressive control process can adapt to various foundation pit construction conditions, reduce the need for on-site management personnel to monitor in real time, and simultaneously take into account the multiple protection needs of foundation pit support, municipal roads, underground pipelines, and subway tunnels.

[0079] Specific implementation supplementary instructions

[0080] The entire structure of this invention has no fixed size limitation. The sensor layout density and hydraulic cylinder thrust specifications can be flexibly adjusted according to the excavation depth of the foundation pit, the horizontal distance between the foundation pit and the municipal road, the road traffic load level, and the number of underground pipelines. All sensor and hydraulic drive components can be standardized and mass-produced. They can be buried and assembled in one go before the foundation pit is excavated, and the construction phase is fully automatic. After the foundation pit is completed, the metal, electronic, and hydraulic components can be disassembled, maintained, and reassembled for reuse. There are no disposable components. The three-layer progressive control system is independent of each other and the signals are linked. The failure of a single layer of local components will not cause the entire support system to fail completely, and it has a certain degree of operational safety redundancy.

[0081] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adaptive support device for building foundation pits adjacent to municipal roads, characterized in that, The system includes an adaptive control system, which consists of a front-end road load buffer sensing module (1), a layered and segmented adaptive hydraulic support main module (2), and a linkage pit water-stopping and correction compensation module (3) arranged sequentially from the outside of the pit to the inside of the pit. The signal output terminal of the front road load buffer sensing module (1) is electrically connected to the signal input terminal of the zone control controller (203) inside the layered and segmented adaptive hydraulic support main module (2); The adjustment signal output terminal of the layered and segmented adaptive hydraulic support main module (2) is electrically connected to the drive control terminal of the linkage pit water-stopping and correction compensation module (3). The pre-load buffer sensing module (1) includes a load buffer pad (101), a distributed displacement sensing unit (102), a pipeline deformation acquisition unit (103), and a data transmission subunit (104). The load buffer pad (101) is laid in close contact with the bottom surface of the municipal roadbed (5). The distributed displacement sensing unit (102) is embedded inside the load buffer pad (101). The pipeline deformation acquisition unit (103) is fixed to the outer wall of the underground pipeline (6) outside the pit. The distributed displacement sensing unit (102) and the pipeline deformation acquisition unit (103) are both electrically connected to the data transmission subunit (104). The layered and segmented adaptive hydraulic support main module (2) includes a foundation pit retaining pile (201), multiple sets of independent hydraulic support units (202), a zone control controller (203), and a lateral stress detection unit (204). The foundation pit retaining pile (201) is continuously arranged along the inner side of the foundation pit slope. The two ends of the independent hydraulic support unit (202) abut against the inner wall of the foundation pit retaining pile (201) and the foundation pit cap beam (7), respectively. The lateral stress detection unit (204) is embedded in the side wall of the foundation pit retaining pile (201). The zone control controller (203) establishes signal paths with the independent hydraulic support unit (202), the lateral stress detection unit (204), and the data transmission subunit (104), respectively. The linkage foundation pit water-stopping and correction compensation module (3) includes a flexible water-stopping curtain (301), a curtain tensioning adjustment unit (302), a base anti-buoyancy correction jacking unit (303), and a seepage detection unit (304). The flexible water-stopping curtain (301) is arranged in close contact with the soil outside the foundation pit retaining piles (201). The curtain tensioning adjustment unit (302) is assembled at the upper and lower ends of the flexible water-stopping curtain (301). The base anti-buoyancy correction jacking unit (303) is buried inside the foundation pit base soil (8). The seepage detection unit (304) is embedded in the interlayer of the flexible water-stopping curtain (301). The curtain tensioning adjustment unit (302), the base anti-buoyancy correction jacking unit (303), and the seepage detection unit (304) are all electrically connected to the zone control controller (203).

2. The adaptive support device for building foundation pits adjacent to municipal roads according to claim 1, characterized in that, The load buffer pad (101) is a multi-layer composite elastic structure. The load buffer pad (101) has a pre-reserved embedded installation groove. The distributed displacement sensing unit (102) is snapped and fixed inside the embedded installation groove. The load buffer pad (101) has an anti-slip bonding layer on the side facing the municipal road and a permeable drainage layer on the side facing the foundation pit soil.

3. The adaptive support device for building foundation pits adjacent to municipal roads according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pipeline deformation acquisition unit (103) includes an annular fixing clamp (1031), a three-dimensional deformation sensor (1032), and a signal repeater (1033). The annular fixing clamp (1031) is fitted around the outer wall of the underground pipeline (6). The three-dimensional deformation sensor (1032) is embedded inside the annular fixing clamp (1031). The three-dimensional deformation sensor (1032) is electrically connected to the signal repeater (1033). The signal repeater (1033) is connected to the data transmission subunit (104).

4. The adaptive support device for building foundation pits adjacent to municipal roads according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each independent hydraulic support unit (202) includes a telescopic hydraulic cylinder (2021), a pressure feedback sensor (2022), a locking pressure regulating valve (2023), and a hinged support (2024). The telescopic hydraulic cylinder (2021) is hinged to the foundation pit retaining piles (201) and the foundation pit cap beam (7) at both ends through the hinged support (2024). The pressure feedback sensor (2022) is mounted on the piston rod end of the telescopic hydraulic cylinder (2021). The locking pressure regulating valve (2023) is connected in series to the oil circuit of the telescopic hydraulic cylinder (2021). The signal line of the pressure feedback sensor (2022) is connected to the zone control controller (203).

5. The adaptive support device for building foundation pits adjacent to municipal roads according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lateral stress detection unit (204) uses a thin-film stress sensor. Multiple thin-film stress sensors are arranged in a matrix along the vertical and horizontal directions of the foundation pit retaining piles (201). Each thin-film stress sensor is independently equipped with a signal transmission line connected to the zone control controller (203).

6. The adaptive support device for building foundation pits adjacent to municipal roads according to claim 1, characterized in that, The curtain tensioning adjustment unit (302) includes a vertical tensioning cylinder (3021), a horizontal tightening wire rope (3022), and a fixed anchor (3023). The fixed anchor (3023) is pre-embedded in the top cap beam (7) of the foundation pit and the bottom waist beam of the foundation pit, respectively. The two ends of the vertical tensioning cylinder (3021) are connected to the upper and lower fixed anchors (3023). The horizontal tightening wire rope (3022) passes horizontally through the flexible water-stop curtain (301) and is connected to the output end of the vertical tensioning cylinder (3021).

7. The adaptive support device for building foundation pits adjacent to municipal roads according to claim 1, characterized in that, The base anti-buoyancy correction jacking unit (303) includes a buried hydraulic jacking device (3031), a soil pressure sensing probe (3032), and a bidirectional displacement limiting device (3033). The buried hydraulic jacking device (3031) is vertically buried in the soil (8) at the base of the foundation pit. The bidirectional displacement limiting device (3033) is sleeved on the outside of the buried hydraulic jacking device (3031). The soil pressure sensing probe (3032) is arranged in close contact with the bottom surface of the buried hydraulic jacking device (3031). The signal of the soil pressure sensing probe (3032) is connected to the zone control controller (203).

8. The adaptive support device for building foundation pits adjacent to municipal roads according to claim 1, characterized in that, The seepage detection unit (304) adopts a distributed seepage sensing optical cable. The distributed seepage sensing optical cable is embedded in the interlayer of the flexible water-stop curtain (301) in a grid pattern. The two ends of the distributed seepage sensing optical cable are respectively connected to the seepage signal acquisition port of the zone control controller (203).

9. The adaptive support device for building foundation pits adjacent to municipal roads according to claim 1, characterized in that, The zone control controller (203) integrates a data comparison module (2031), a graded adjustment output module (2032), and a fault early warning module (2033). The data comparison module (2031) receives the original data of load, displacement, and pipeline deformation collected by the front-end road load buffer sensing module (1). The graded adjustment output module (2032) issues graded adjustment commands to the independent hydraulic support unit (202), the curtain tension adjustment unit (302), and the base anti-buoyancy correction and pushing unit (303) based on the calculation results of the data comparison module (2031). The fault early warning module (2033) establishes a linkage path with the distributed displacement sensing unit (102), the lateral stress detection unit (204), and the seepage prevention detection unit (304), respectively.

10. The adaptive support device for building foundation pits adjacent to municipal roads according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adaptive control system is equipped with a wireless power supply component (4). The wireless power supply component (4) provides independent power to all the sensing, driving and control components inside the front road load buffer sensing module (1), the layered and segmented adaptive hydraulic support main module (2) and the linkage pit water-stopping and correction compensation module (3). The wireless power supply component (4) includes a buried induction power supply coil (401), an energy storage lithium battery (402) and an overvoltage protection circuit board (403).

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