Multi-dimensional seismic isolation composite high-efficiency damping bearing and assembling method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of multi-dimensional shock-absorbing composite high-efficiency damping support, including upper seat plate, upper sliding support plate, lower sliding support plate, lower seat plate, limiting shear shaft, support top plate, viscous damper and lower support bottom plate, the bottom of upper sliding support plate is equipped with first inner cavity, multiple groups of disc springs are equipped in first inner cavity, the top of lower sliding support plate is all received disc spring, the lower end of limiting shear shaft is inserted into lower sliding support plate and is gap cooperation with lower sliding support plate, the top of support top plate is fixedly installed lower seat plate, lower support bottom plate has second inner cavity, the lower part of support top plate is placed in second inner cavity, and damping assembly is arranged between the bottom of support top plate and the inner bottom surface of lower support bottom plate;The side of support top plate is provided with guide, and viscous damper has multiple. The application can ensure vertical high-efficiency response and transmit internal reliable horizontal shear limiting, and simultaneously has three-dimensional space posture stability and multidirectional energy dissipation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of vibration damping bearings, and more specifically, relates to a multi-dimensional vibration damping and isolation composite high-efficiency vibration damping bearing and its assembly method. Background Technology

[0002] In the construction and long-term operation of large buildings, bridges, and long-span spatial structures, bearings, as the core supporting hubs connecting the upper load-bearing components and the lower foundation, bear the important functions of transferring loads, adapting to deformation, and resisting external excitations. As modern engineering projects become increasingly large-scale and complex, the coexistence of minor environmental vibrations (such as frequent micro-vibrations caused by traffic loads and wind loads) and rare strong earthquake impacts poses stringent challenges to the comprehensive protection capabilities of support nodes. Traditional unidirectional or single-function support structures are often designed only for horizontal slippage or simply configured for vertical buffering, making it difficult to simultaneously meet the requirements of stable operation under normal working conditions and safety assurance under strong earthquake conditions.

[0003] Currently, common seismic isolation solutions in the industry often employ friction pendulums or laminated rubber pads to cope with horizontal seismic forces, utilizing curved or flexible materials to extend the structure's natural period and thus reduce seismic energy input. However, these conventional structures typically possess significant vertical stiffness, failing to effectively buffer high-frequency vertical vibrations or impacts. To compensate for this shortcoming, researchers attempted to simply connect and stack horizontal sliding components with vertical spring components. However, this simple splicing structure introduces several hidden dangers. Due to the significant increase in overall height after stacking, the system's center of gravity shifts upward, leading to a more complex stress state. When faced with complex three-dimensional spatial forces, each module often functions independently, failing to form a coordinated energy dissipation mechanism. This results in uneven stress distribution across the entire device, making it prone to localized failures at weak points, and even instability.

[0004] A more severe technical bottleneck lies in the transmission mechanism of horizontal shear force. In support nodes with vertical elastic buffer spaces, when encountering strong horizontal seismic waves, the superstructure will transmit enormous horizontal shear force downwards. Due to the use of vertical elastic elements (such as disc springs or helical springs) in traditional designs, vertical gaps and relative movement space inevitably exist between the upper and lower support components. Existing conventional shear-resistant solutions often employ external sleeves or rigid blocks. These solutions either directly lock the vertical degrees of freedom, causing the vertical buffer components to become ineffective, or, while preserving the vertical degrees of freedom, fail to provide continuous and reliable horizontal shear support. Once a sudden strong horizontal shear occurs, due to the lack of a central transmission hub that can simultaneously accommodate vertical displacement and transmit horizontal bending and shear stiffness, the upper and lower support components are prone to misalignment. This leads to the internal elastic buffer components being squeezed and deformed by the lateral shear force, or even destroyed, causing the entire load-bearing system of the node to collapse.

[0005] Meanwhile, in the internal structure of a vertically multi-level buffer, nested movement between the upper and lower chambers is often unavoidable. In traditional nested chamber structures, large-area direct sliding contact occurs between the chamber walls during relative vertical displacement. Under heavy gravitational loads and high-frequency reciprocating motion, this rigid contact generates significant lateral frictional resistance. Excessive lateral frictional resistance not only significantly hinders the normal compression and rebound of the internal vertical elastic components, causing the system to "jam" under minor excitation (i.e., the sliding resistance is greater than the external excitation force, preventing the elastic components from initiating a smooth response), but also leads to severe wear and heat generation, accelerating the aging of internal materials and causing a significant decrease in the long-term stability of the overall equipment.

[0006] Furthermore, traditional large-scale composite systems generally suffer from technical disadvantages such as uneven spatial constraints and damping distribution when facing complex multidimensional excitations. Most existing equipment only provides energy dissipation capacity along a single axis, neglecting the torsion, overturning, and oblique impacts that may occur in three-dimensional space. Especially when the superstructure experiences significant horizontal slippage or faces vertical pull-out displacement due to earthquakes, the entire system often generates a certain overturning moment. Existing support nodes often lack dynamic damping constraint mechanisms with spatial angle adaptability, making it difficult to provide balanced tensile, compressive, and energy dissipation resistance in multiple directions. This not only makes internal core components susceptible to damage due to eccentric compression but also fails to correct and limit the overall equipment's attitude. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the above-mentioned deficiencies or improvement needs of existing technologies, this invention provides a multi-dimensional vibration reduction and isolation composite high-efficiency vibration damping bearing and its assembly method. Its internal layout is compact, ensuring both high vertical efficiency response and reliable horizontal shear limit transmission, while also possessing three-dimensional spatial attitude stability and multi-directional energy dissipation.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, according to one aspect of the present invention, a multi-dimensional vibration reduction and isolation composite high-efficiency vibration damping bearing is provided, comprising an upper seat plate, an upper sliding support plate, a lower sliding support plate, a lower seat plate, a limiting shear shaft, a support top plate, a viscous damper, and a lower support bottom plate. The bottom of the upper seat plate is provided with a first concave spherical surface, the top of the upper sliding support plate is provided with a first wear-resistant plate that mates with the first concave spherical surface, the bottom of the lower sliding support plate is provided with a second wear-resistant plate, and the top of the lower seat plate is provided with a second concave spherical surface that mates with the second wear-resistant plate. The bottom of the upper sliding support plate is provided with a first inner cavity that faces downwards. Multiple disc springs are provided in the first inner cavity. The top of the lower sliding support plate extends into the first inner cavity of the upper sliding support plate and receives all the disc springs. The lower sliding support plate and the upper sliding support plate are fitted with a clearance. The limiting shear shaft is vertically arranged, and the upper end of the limiting shear shaft is fixedly installed on the upper sliding support plate. The lower end of the limiting shear shaft extends into the lower sliding support plate and is clearance-fitted with the lower sliding support plate to resist horizontal shear force. The lower base plate is fixedly installed on the top of the supporting top plate. The lower supporting bottom plate has a second inner cavity with an upward opening. The lower part of the supporting top plate is placed in the second inner cavity. A vibration damping component is provided between the bottom of the supporting top plate and the inner bottom surface of the lower supporting bottom plate. The side of the supporting top plate is provided with a guide member, which abuts against the cavity wall of the second inner cavity to guide the up and down movement of the supporting top plate. There are multiple viscous dampers, each of which is inclined. One end of each viscous damper is hinged to the top support plate and the other end is hinged to the bottom support plate.

[0009] Preferably, the vibration damping assembly includes a damping block and multiple compression springs; The damping block is disposed in the middle region between the bottom of the top support plate and the inner bottom surface of the bottom support plate; The compression springs are provided in multiple sets, and the multiple sets of compression springs are arranged around the damping block.

[0010] Preferably, the damping block has a sealed chamber inside, which is filled with a shear-thickening fluid. When the shear rate generated by normal vibration is not greater than a set critical shear rate, the shear-thickening fluid is in a Newtonian fluid state to provide flexible vibration damping. When the shear rate generated by strong vibration is greater than the set critical shear rate, the shear-thickening fluid undergoes phase transformation hardening and exhibits a solid-like state, thereby instantly increasing the vertical compressive stiffness of the damping block and limiting excessive downward displacement of the supporting top plate.

[0011] Preferably, the upper end of the limiting shear shaft is fixed to the upper sliding support plate by means of a hidden pin or threaded connection, the lower end of the limiting shear shaft is a smooth rod structure, and the lower sliding support plate has a light hole that cooperates with the smooth rod structure. Through the sliding cooperation between the smooth rod structure and the light hole, the limiting shear shaft transmits horizontal shear force while allowing the lower sliding support plate to move vertically relative to the upper sliding support plate.

[0012] Preferably, the inner wall of the aperture of the lower sliding support plate is inlaid with a self-lubricating alloy bushing, and there is a set radial gap between the optical rod structure of the limiting anti-shear shaft and the self-lubricating alloy bushing, the radial gap being filled with an annular polyurethane elastic buffer.

[0013] Preferably, the upper sliding support plate has a downwardly protruding boss structure, and there are multiple boss structures, all of which are located in the first inner cavity, and each boss structure extends into the central hole of a disc spring.

[0014] Preferably, it further includes a tensile limiting baffle fixedly installed on the bottom edge of the upper sliding support plate; The top edge of the lower sliding support plate is provided with a limit step; The tensile limiting baffle is located below the limiting step to cooperate with the limiting step in order to limit the downward displacement of the lower sliding support plate and the upward displacement of the upper sliding support plate.

[0015] Preferably, the guide is a roller, and a plurality of the guides are arranged circumferentially on the side of the supporting top plate to guide the supporting top plate to perform vibration-damping movement in the vertical direction and reduce lateral friction.

[0016] Preferably, the contact friction surface between the first wear-resistant plate and the first concave spherical surface is densely covered with a first micropore array. The first micropore array has multiple first micropores, each of which is an inverted frustum shape with a larger top and a smaller bottom. Each first micropore is filled with a solid self-lubricating material made of a mixture of polytetrafluoroethylene, graphite and molybdenum disulfide, so that it overflows from the first micropore during vibration, thereby forming a lubricating film on the surface of the first wear-resistant plate. The contact friction surface between the second wear-resistant plate and the second concave spherical surface is densely covered with a second micropore array. The second micropore array has multiple second micropores, each of which is a frustum-shaped structure with a smaller top and a larger bottom. Each second micropore is filled with a solid self-lubricating material made of polytetrafluoroethylene, graphite and molybdenum disulfide, which overflows from the second micropore when the second wear-resistant plate vibrates, thereby forming a lubricating film on the surface of the second wear-resistant plate.

[0017] According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for assembling a multidimensional vibration reduction and isolation composite high-efficiency vibration damping bearing is also provided, comprising the following steps: 1) Place the vibration damping assembly on the inner bottom surface of the second inner cavity of the lower support base plate, and then place the lower part of the support top plate in the second inner cavity, so that the guide on the side of the support top plate abuts against the cavity wall of the second inner cavity to form a guide fit for vertical movement, and respectively tilt and hinge the multiple viscous dampers between the support top plate and the lower support base plate. 2) Fix the lower seat plate on the top of the support top plate, and then place the lower sliding support plate on top of the lower seat plate, so that the second wear-resistant plate at the bottom of the lower sliding support plate fits against the second concave spherical surface at the top of the lower seat plate; 3) Place multiple sets of disc springs on the top extension end of the lower sliding support plate, and fix the vertical upper end of the limiting anti-shear shaft on the upper sliding support plate; then, snap the upper sliding support plate downward so that the first inner cavity at its bottom accommodates all the disc springs and the top of the lower sliding support plate, and allow the lower end of the limiting anti-shear shaft to extend into the lower sliding support plate to form a clearance fit; 4) Place the upper seat plate above the upper sliding support plate, so that the first concave spherical surface at its bottom is in contact with the first wear-resistant plate at the top of the upper sliding support plate.

[0018] In summary, compared with the prior art, the above-described technical solutions conceived by this invention can achieve the following beneficial effects: This invention discloses a multi-dimensional seismic isolation and vibration reduction composite high-efficiency vibration reduction bearing that combines a horizontal seismic isolation system with a vertical vibration reduction system in series. This effectively solves the technical problem that traditional structures cannot simultaneously achieve both horizontal seismic isolation and vertical high-frequency vibration reduction, realizing comprehensive and highly reliable composite vibration reduction. Specifically, this is reflected in the following three aspects: 1) Horizontal Stability Seismic Isolation and Reliable Shear Resistance Mechanism: This invention employs an upper and lower double-spherical sliding structure, where a first concave spherical surface cooperates with a first wear-resistant plate, and a second concave spherical surface cooperates with a second wear-resistant plate. This effectively adapts to the multi-directional angular deformation of large-span structures and extends the structure's natural vibration period. An internal vertical limiting shear shaft is installed, with its upper end fixed and its lower end forming a clearance fit with the lower sliding support plate. This structure transmits horizontal shear force during overall seismic sliding to ensure structural stability; simultaneously, the clearance fit at its lower end releases vertical freedom, allowing the lower sliding support plate to move vertically while the limiting shear shaft transmits horizontal shear force, thus achieving effective decoupling of horizontal shear resistance and vertical buffering.

[0019] 2) Vertical Multi-Stage Buffering and Low-Friction Precision Guiding: For vertical vibration reduction, this invention constructs a highly compact series buffering mechanism. Multiple disc springs, supported by a lower sliding support plate and nested within the first inner cavity of the upper sliding support plate, provide primary elastic absorption of vertical micro-vibrations. A vibration-damping assembly is located between the second inner cavity of the lower support top plate and the lower support bottom plate, forming a secondary buffer. Furthermore, a guide member added to the side of the support top plate abuts against the cavity wall, guiding the support top plate to perform vibration-damping movement in the vertical direction. This reduces the side friction during cavity nesting and sliding, avoids jamming caused by off-center loading, and significantly improves the sensitivity of vertical vibration reduction.

[0020] 3) Spatial Multidimensional Energy Dissipation and Anti-Overturning Stability: This invention cleverly arranges multiple inclined viscous dampers around the periphery of the supporting top plate and the lower supporting bottom plate. This inclined spatial hinged layout not only effectively attenuates vertical vibration energy but also provides a certain angle of horizontal damping force when facing horizontal displacement. This damping force effectively reduces the contact damage of horizontal shear force to the guide components and prevents the overall structure from overturning under multidimensional forces, thus endowing the composite support with excellent dynamic energy dissipation and stability capabilities in complex three-dimensional space. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the multidimensional vibration reduction and isolation composite high-efficiency vibration reduction bearing of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of point A in the middle; Figure 3 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of point B in the middle; Figure 4 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of point C in the middle; Figure 5 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of point D in the middle; In all the accompanying drawings, the same reference numerals denote the same technical features, specifically: 1001, Upper seat plate; 1002, Upper sliding support plate; 1002a, First inner cavity; 1003, Disc spring; 1004, Lower sliding support plate; 1004a, Limiting step; 1005, Tensile limiting baffle; 1006, Limiting shear shaft; 1007, Lower seat plate; 1008, Support top plate; 1009, Damping damping block; 1010, Compression spring; 1011, Viscous damper; 1012, Roller; 1013, Lower support base plate; 1013a, Second inner cavity. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of this invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0023] Reference Figures 1-5 A multi-dimensional vibration reduction and isolation composite high-efficiency vibration damping bearing includes an upper seat plate 1001, an upper sliding support plate 1002, a lower sliding support plate 1004, a lower seat plate 1007, a limiting shear shaft 1006, a support top plate 1008, a viscous damper 1011, and a lower support bottom plate 1013. The bottom of the upper seat plate 1001 is provided with a first concave spherical surface, the top of the upper sliding support plate 1002 is provided with a first wear-resistant plate that mates with the first concave spherical surface, the bottom of the lower sliding support plate 1004 is provided with a second wear-resistant plate, and the top of the lower seat plate 1007 is provided with a second concave spherical surface that mates with the second wear-resistant plate. The bottom of the upper sliding support plate 1002 is provided with a first inner cavity 1002a with a downward opening. Multiple disc springs 1003 are provided in the first inner cavity 1002a. The top of the lower sliding support plate 1004 extends into the first inner cavity 1002a of the upper sliding support plate 1002 and supports all the disc springs 1003. The lower sliding support plate 1004 and the upper sliding support plate 1002 are in clearance fit. The limiting shear-resistant shaft 1006 is vertically arranged. The upper end of the limiting shear-resistant shaft 1006 is fixedly installed on the upper sliding support plate 1002. The lower end of the limiting shear-resistant shaft 1006 extends into the lower sliding support plate 1004 and is clearance-fitted with the lower sliding support plate 1004 to resist horizontal shear force. The lower base plate 1007 is fixedly installed on the top of the supporting top plate 1008. The lower supporting bottom plate 1013 has a second inner cavity 1013a with an upward opening. The lower part of the supporting top plate 1008 is placed in the second inner cavity 1013a. A vibration damping component is provided between the bottom of the supporting top plate 1008 and the inner bottom surface of the lower supporting bottom plate 1013. The side of the supporting top plate 1008 is provided with a guide member, which abuts against the cavity wall of the second inner cavity 1013a to guide the up and down movement of the supporting top plate 1008. There are multiple viscous dampers 1011, each of which is inclined. One end of each viscous damper 1011 is hinged to the top support plate 1008 and the other end is hinged to the bottom support plate 1013.

[0024] The bottom of the upper seat plate 1001 is provided with a first concave spherical surface, and the top of the upper sliding support plate 1002 is provided with a first wear-resistant plate that mates with the first concave spherical surface. Meanwhile, the bottom of the lower sliding support plate 1004 is provided with a second wear-resistant plate, and the top of the lower seat plate 1007 is provided with a second concave spherical surface that mates with the second wear-resistant plate.

[0025] This invention employs a double-spherical sliding structure, which plays a significant role in adaptive stress posture in large-scale infrastructure projects. When the superstructure experiences multi-directional angular displacement due to temperature stress, large-span deflection changes, or complex spatial seismic waveforms, sensitive relative sliding and spherical rotation can occur between the first concave spherical surface and the first wear-resistant plate, and between the second concave spherical surface and the second wear-resistant plate. This feature decouples the complex torsional stress transmitted from the superstructure, ensuring that gravity loads are always transmitted vertically downwards along the central axis of the support, thereby preventing damage to the internal components of the support due to localized stress concentration. Furthermore, under severe horizontal seismic excitation, the aforementioned double-layer spherical sliding interface can rely on spherical friction to convert a large amount of seismic energy into internal energy for dissipation, while simultaneously utilizing the gravitational recovery potential energy of the spheres themselves to provide a good tendency for repositioning, ensuring the overall stability of the superstructure.

[0026] In the design of the vertical buffer layer, the vibration damping support exhibits excellent energy absorption characteristics under vertical stress. First, the downward-opening first inner cavity 1002a encloses multiple sets of disc springs 1003, effectively preventing the intrusion of external sand and dust, and ensuring the long-term smooth operation of the elastic components. Second, the disc springs 1003 have the inherent properties of short stroke and high load-bearing capacity, and the array combination of multiple sets of disc springs 1003 can provide nonlinear stiffness feedback. When facing high-frequency, low-amplitude vibrations caused by daily traffic loads, the disc springs 1003 undergo sensitive compression deformation, significantly attenuating the longitudinal shock wave. More importantly, the feature of "clearance fit between the lower sliding support plate 1004 and the upper sliding support plate 1002" ensures that when the lower sliding support plate 1004 compresses the disc springs 1003 upward in the first inner cavity 1002a, it will not rigidly jam against the side wall of the first inner cavity 1002a. This unconstrained, purely vertical relative motion trajectory greatly improves the conversion efficiency of vertical vibration energy into the disc spring 1003.

[0027] The limiting shear shaft 1006 of this invention is vertically arranged. Its upper end is fixedly mounted on the upper sliding support plate 1002, and its lower end extends into the lower sliding support plate 1004 and is clearance-fitted with it to resist horizontal shear forces. This is the core force transmission center that maintains the overall stress configuration of the composite system and prevents instability. In multidimensional seismic conditions, supports often need to withstand both huge vertical runout and horizontal shear. The internal disc spring 1003 is mainly used to withstand vertical pressure; if it directly withstands horizontal shear, it is prone to buckling or dislocation failure. The vertically arranged limiting shear shaft 1006 here serves as a horizontal shear force skeleton. When a strong horizontal seismic wave applies a lateral thrust to the downward sliding support plate 1004, this lateral force is directly transmitted to the large limiting shear shaft 1006 through the clearance fit interface, and then transmitted upwards. This ensures that the upper sliding support plate 1002 and the lower sliding support plate 1004 maintain synchronized overall movement on the horizontal plane, preventing lateral compression deformation of the internal elastic components. Simultaneously, the clearance fit at the lower end of the limiting shear shaft 1006 allows it to slide freely in the vertical direction. This means that when the support undergoes vertical compression and the disc spring 1003 deforms, the limiting shear shaft 1006 can freely penetrate downwards inside the lower sliding support plate 1004 without interference. This feature successfully achieves dynamic decoupling between horizontal shear stiffness and vertical buffer freedom.

[0028] In the lower middle bearing area of ​​the support, the lower base plate 1007 is fixedly installed on the top of the support top plate 1008, and the lower support bottom plate 1013 has an upward-opening second inner cavity 1013a. The lower part of the support top plate 1008 is placed in the second inner cavity 1013a, and a vibration damping component is provided between the bottom of the support top plate 1008 and the inner bottom surface of the lower support bottom plate 1013.

[0029] By nesting the top support plate 1008 with the bottom support plate 1013, this design constructs a second vertical buffer barrier in the lower region. The vibration damping components directly bear the combined load transmitted downwards by the top support plate 1008. This arrangement makes the entire support a series composite buffer system of "top disc spring assembly + bottom vibration damping components". The two-stage series buffer system greatly broadens the range of the support's response frequency band, enabling it to make graded responses to longitudinal impacts of different wavelengths and excitation frequencies. Minor high-frequency vibrations in the upper part are preferentially filtered by the top components, while when encountering large-scale longitudinal seismic displacements, the thick bottom vibration damping components intervene, providing a longer energy dissipation space and preventing severe longitudinal gravity impact damage to the upper structure.

[0030] In complex engineering applications, heavy support components are highly susceptible to slight lateral deflection due to lateral wind loads, asymmetrical live loads, or residual horizontal seismic forces when experiencing vertical relative displacement. If the support top plate 1008 tilts within the second inner cavity 1013a, it will inevitably lead to severe rigid friction on the side walls, potentially causing motion jamming or even structural seizure. The guide members positioned on the sides abut against the cavity walls, forming a precise one-dimensional motion constraint boundary. This not only ensures that the support top plate 1008 can only float up and down along a strict plumb line, guaranteeing that the bottom vibration damping components are subjected to vertical and uniform compression, but also significantly reduces the frictional resistance between the nested cavities, improving the smoothness and sensitivity of the entire lower buffer system during operation.

[0031] The viscous damper 1011 possesses excellent velocity-dependent energy dissipation characteristics, with its damping force being positively correlated with the relative motion velocity. The tilted arrangement of multiple viscous dampers 1011 means that their axis of action includes both horizontal and vertical components in three-dimensional space. When the support experiences high-speed vertical oscillation, the vertical component of the viscous damper 1011 responds rapidly, providing significant reverse tensile or thrust damping, thereby suppressing the oscillation amplitude and preventing the top support plate 1008 from detaching from the bottom support plate 1013. The viscous damper 1011 also provides gentle lateral resistance. This circumferentially distributed and tilted hinged spatial network establishes a flexible three-dimensional protective net between the top support plate 1008 and the bottom support plate 1013. It not only adds sufficient dynamic energy dissipation capacity to the system and effectively controls the structural response speed, but also utilizes its spatial geometric distribution characteristics to provide a strong anti-overturning moment, ensuring that the multi-layered nested support can maintain a good overall configuration even under extreme three-dimensional random forces.

[0032] By tilting the viscous damper 1011, the lateral space width can be utilized to install a longer viscous damper 1011 with a greater stroke within a limited structural height. In actual buildings, no guiding mechanism is absolutely rigid. Under strong earthquakes, if there are minute deformations and gaps between the guide members and the cavity walls, the top plate 1008 will experience slight torsion (shaking) or minor lateral displacement. The tilted spatial damper network can provide minor damping suppression for these minute multidirectional parasitic movements, preventing the top plate from swaying.

[0033] Furthermore, the vibration damping assembly includes a damping block 1009 and multiple compression springs 1010; The damping block 1009 is disposed in the middle region between the bottom of the top support plate 1008 and the inner bottom surface of the bottom support plate 1013; The compression spring 1010 is provided in multiple sets, and the multiple sets of compression spring 1010 are arranged around the damping block 1009.

[0034] The damping block 1009 is located in the central region between the bottom of the top support plate 1008 and the inner bottom surface of the lower support plate 1013. This spatial arrangement ensures balanced load-bearing capacity under vertical compression. When the load from above is transmitted downward through the top support plate 1008, the damping block 1009 located in the central region can preferentially and evenly bear the compressive stress in the core area. This central arrangement ensures that the compression axis of the damping block 1009 is highly aligned with the geometric center axis of the top support plate 1008, thereby avoiding the eccentric loading problem that easily occurs when the top support plate 1008 moves downward and compresses the damping block 1009. Meanwhile, the damping block 1009 is in direct contact with the inner bottom surface of the lower support plate 1013, which can smoothly transfer the load after internal buffering and attenuation to the lower support plate 1013, ensuring the smoothness and symmetry of the overall force transmission path and improving the structural safety factor of the multi-dimensional vibration reduction and isolation composite high-efficiency vibration damping support under variable stress conditions.

[0035] Multiple sets of compression springs 1010 are arranged around the damping block 1009, and this surrounding matrix arrangement provides distributed multi-point elastic support for the supporting top plate 1008. When the multi-dimensional vibration damping composite high-efficiency vibration damping support encounters complex vibration waves or eccentric disturbances in multiple directions, the multiple sets of compression springs 1010 distributed around the perimeter can generate corresponding independent compression deformation according to the local compression conditions at their respective locations. At this time, the compression spring 1010 on the side with greater compression will generate greater elastic resistance, while the compression spring 1010 on the other side will generate relatively smaller elastic resistance. Through this differentiated elastic force feedback around the perimeter, it can effectively resist the possible tilting and overturning tendency of the supporting top plate 1008, playing a role in dynamic leveling and attitude correction. The coordinated deformation of the multiple sets of compression springs 1010 ensures the smoothness and stability of the supporting top plate 1008 during vertical lifting and lowering, enhancing the adaptability of the support to complex vibration inputs.

[0036] Furthermore, the damping block 1009 located in the central region, together with the surrounding multiple sets of compression springs 1010, constructs a collaborative operating mechanism that integrates central energy dissipation and peripheral rebound. During vibration and downward compression of the supporting top plate 1008, the multiple sets of compression springs 1010 first elastically contract to absorb part of the impact force. Subsequently, the damping block 1009 in the central region bears the main compressive stress and deeply dissipates energy. After the external vibration load weakens or disappears, the multiple sets of compression springs 1010 distributed around the perimeter use their accumulated elastic potential energy to push the supporting top plate 1008 upwards, assisting the damping block 1009 in unloading and synchronously restoring its original position. This composite linkage structure not only extends the overall service life of the vibration damping assembly but also effectively avoids the risk of fatigue failure that easily occurs in a single component after prolonged high-frequency compression, thus constructing a high-level vibration damping system integrating load bearing, buffering, energy dissipation, and reset within a confined internal space.

[0037] Furthermore, the damping block 1009 has a sealed chamber inside, which is filled with a shear thickening fluid (STF). When the shear rate generated by normal vibration is not greater than a set critical shear rate, the shear thickening fluid is in a Newtonian fluid state to provide flexible vibration damping. When the shear rate generated by strong vibration is greater than the set critical shear rate, the shear thickening fluid undergoes phase transformation hardening and exhibits a solid-like state, thereby instantly increasing the vertical compressive stiffness of the damping block 1009 and limiting the excessive downward displacement of the supporting top plate 1008.

[0038] Under normal, low-vibration conditions, i.e., when the shear rate generated by normal vibration is no greater than the set critical shear rate, the shear-thickening fluid exhibits a Newtonian fluid state to provide low-damping, flexible vibration reduction. During this operational phase, due to the relatively low external excitation energy and structural deformation rate, the particles within the shear-thickening fluid filling the sealed cavity remain loosely and uniformly dispersed, resulting in a low apparent viscosity. This Newtonian fluid state allows the damping block 1009 to deform smoothly under pressure, converting the high-frequency, low-amplitude vibration energy transmitted from the upper structure into viscous frictional heat energy within the fluid and dissipating it. This low-damping, flexible vibration reduction property ensures that the multi-dimensional vibration-damping composite high-efficiency vibration-damping support possesses excellent micro-vibration absorption capacity under daily traffic loads or weak wind loads, keeping the loaded structure stable and avoiding the transmission of high-frequency vibrations easily caused by high-stiffness supports.

[0039] When encountering large-scale seismic waves or sudden impact loads, the working state of the support changes accordingly. When the shear rate generated by a strong earthquake exceeds the set critical shear rate, the shear thickening fluid undergoes phase transformation hardening and exhibits a solid-like state, thereby instantaneously increasing the vertical compressive stiffness of the damping block 1009 and limiting excessive vertical displacement of the supporting top plate 1008. During this stage, accompanied by high-speed compression, the shear strain rate of the fluid inside the sealed cavity increases sharply. When the set critical shear rate threshold is exceeded, the particles inside the shear thickening fluid instantly compress and cluster together, forming a chain-like or cluster-like dense network structure, exhibiting a significant phase transformation hardening phenomenon macroscopically. At this time, the originally soft fluid exhibits a solid-like state, causing the overall bearing capacity and vertical compressive stiffness of the damping block 1009 to increase dramatically within milliseconds. This dynamic feedback of stiffness abrupt change effectively resists the huge vertical gravity impact brought by strong earthquakes, prevents the internal components from being crushed due to the exhaustion of the buffer stroke, and strictly limits the excessive vertical displacement of the lower support plate 1013.

[0040] In summary, this invention successfully constructs an intelligent buffer system capable of automatically switching between soft and hard states based on vibration intensity by filling a sealed cavity with a rate-dependent shear-thickening fluid. It maintains low-damping flexible vibration reduction under low-speed micro-vibration conditions to ensure smooth operation of vehicles or buildings, and undergoes phase transformation hardening under high-speed, strong earthquake impact conditions, exhibiting a near-solid state. This instantly increases the vertical compressive stiffness of the damping block 1009 and limits excessive vertical displacement of the supporting top plate 1008. This adaptive rheological response mechanism significantly broadens the frequency band adaptability of the multi-dimensional vibration reduction and isolation composite high-efficiency vibration damping support, enhancing the structural safety under complex stress environments.

[0041] Furthermore, the upper end of the limiting shear shaft 1006 is fixed to the upper sliding support plate 1002 by means of a hidden pin or threaded connection. The lower end of the limiting shear shaft 1006 is a smooth rod structure. The lower sliding support plate 1004 has a light hole that cooperates with the smooth rod structure. Through the sliding cooperation between the smooth rod structure and the light hole, the limiting shear shaft 1006 transmits horizontal shear force while allowing the lower sliding support plate 1004 to move vertically relative to the upper sliding support plate 1002.

[0042] First, the upper end of the limiting shear shaft 1006 is fixed to the upper sliding support plate 1002 using a concealed pin or threaded connection. This fixed connection structure ensures that the limiting shear shaft 1006 and the upper sliding support plate 1002 are tightly integrated into a rigid whole, guaranteeing that the limiting shear shaft 1006 maintains a stable connection foundation when facing complex and multidirectional external force impacts, preventing loosening or detachment. The concealed pin or threaded connection not only provides sufficient pull-out resistance but also features a compact structure and minimal internal space occupation. This built-in fixing method keeps the external contour of the upper sliding support plate 1002 regular, effectively preventing protruding connectors from obstructing the movement of the internal cavity or other surrounding components, ensuring the rationality of the internal structural layout and smooth operation.

[0043] Secondly, the lower end of the limiting shear shaft 1006 is a smooth rod structure, and the lower sliding support plate 1004 has a light hole that mates with the smooth rod structure. This combination of the smooth rod structure and the light hole constitutes a precise cylindrical sliding guide pair. The surface of the smooth rod structure is smooth, and the inner wall of the light hole is regular. The sliding fit between the two greatly reduces the frictional resistance during relative movement, allowing the lower sliding support plate 1004 to move smoothly and without obstruction along the vertical axis of the limiting shear shaft 1006 when subjected to vertical excitation force. This guide design ensures the sensitivity of the vertical buffer system, enabling the system to respond quickly even to minor vibrations and preventing jamming caused by excessive friction. At the same time, the precise fit between the light hole and the smooth rod structure limits the skewing and twisting of the lower sliding support plate 1004 during movement, ensuring the straightness and stability of the vertical movement trajectory.

[0044] Finally, through the sliding engagement of the smooth rod structure and the aperture, the limiting shear shaft 1006 transmits horizontal shear force while allowing the lower sliding support plate 1004 to move vertically relative to the upper sliding support plate 1002. When encountering a strong horizontal impact or seismic wave, the enormous horizontal shear force borne by the upper sliding support plate 1002 is directly transmitted to the smooth rod structure at its lower end through the fixedly connected limiting shear shaft 1006. Since the smooth rod structure passes through the aperture of the lower sliding support plate 1004, the mutual contact between their sidewalls transmits a strong and reliable horizontal shear force, thus strictly limiting excessive horizontal misalignment between the upper sliding support plate 1002 and the lower sliding support plate 1004. This horizontal shear mechanism effectively protects the vertical buffer element between them from lateral shear damage, maintaining the overall structural stability. Simultaneously, because the smooth rod structure and the aperture maintain sliding freedom in the vertical direction, the horizontal shear force does not lock the vertical movement channel. When a vertical impact occurs, the lower sliding support plate 1004 can still move vertically freely relative to the upper sliding support plate 1002, fully compressing the internal damping components to absorb vertical oscillation energy. This ingenious structure decouples horizontal shear bearing capacity from vertical buffer deformation, ensuring that the multi-dimensional vibration damping composite high-efficiency vibration damping bearing operates without interference and in coordination with each other when facing multi-dimensional complex stress states, thus guaranteeing the comprehensive stable operation and long service life of the composite vibration damping system.

[0045] Furthermore, the inner wall of the aperture of the lower sliding support plate 1004 is inlaid with a self-lubricating alloy bushing, and there is a set radial gap between the optical rod structure of the limiting anti-shear shaft 1006 and the self-lubricating alloy bushing, and the radial gap is filled with an annular polyurethane elastic buffer.

[0046] The main advantage of the self-lubricating alloy bushing embedded in the inner wall of the aperture of the lower sliding support plate 1004 is that it optimizes the low-friction sliding contact surface for vertical movement. When the multi-dimensional vibration damping composite high-efficiency vibration damping support is dealing with vertical vibration, the lower sliding support plate 1004 needs to move vertically relative to the upper sliding support plate 1002 and the limiting shear shaft 1006 fixed thereon. The intervention of the self-lubricating alloy bushing creates an interface with continuous self-lubrication capability between the optical rod structure of the limiting shear shaft 1006 and the aperture of the lower sliding support plate 1004. This interface ensures smooth vertical relative movement and prevents direct dry friction and seizing damage between the metal substrates. This feature reduces the sliding resistance of the support during vertical operation, ensuring that the internal vertical vibration damping components can respond to external vibrations with high sensitivity, while extending the service life of the limiting shear shaft 1006 and the lower sliding support plate 1004 under long-term frequent up-and-down sliding conditions.

[0047] The system incorporates two related technical features: a defined radial gap between the bare rod structure of the limiting shear shaft 1006 and the self-lubricating alloy bushing, and a ring-shaped polyurethane elastic buffer filling this radial gap. These features construct a rigid-flexible, two-stage response shear system in the horizontal direction. When the support experiences slight horizontal disturbances caused by normal, minor environmental vibrations, a slight relative horizontal displacement tendency occurs between the upper sliding support plate 1002 and the lower sliding support plate 1004. At this time, the ring-shaped polyurethane elastic buffer filling the radial gap intervenes first and undergoes elastic compression deformation. The polyurethane material itself possesses excellent elastic resilience and internal damping dissipation characteristics, enabling it to flexibly absorb and convert these high-frequency and weak lateral vibration energies.

[0048] This initial flexible response stage effectively prevents rigid high-frequency impacts between the bare rod structure of the limiting shear shaft 1006 and the inner wall of the aperture of the lower sliding support plate 1004 caused by minor vibrations. The annular polyurethane elastic buffer isolates the system, avoiding metal fatigue damage and structural impact noise caused by frequent minor impacts. When the support encounters a strong horizontal seismic impact, the horizontal relative displacement between the upper sliding support plate 1002 and the lower sliding support plate 1004 increases rapidly. As the annular polyurethane elastic buffer is continuously compressed and gradually fills the set radial gap compression allowance, the horizontal shear stiffness of the system exhibits a nonlinear, sharp increase.

[0049] During this response phase, the bare rod structure of the limiting shear shaft 1006 can directly slide downwards onto the support plate 1004 to transmit enormous horizontal shear force through the extremely compressed annular polyurethane elastic buffer and the surrounding self-lubricating alloy bushing. This structural arrangement allows the multi-dimensional vibration reduction and isolation composite high-efficiency vibration damping support to possess both the flexible energy absorption characteristics to cope with minor daily vibrations and the high-stiffness ultimate horizontal shear force support capability to cope with strong earthquake conditions. The annular polyurethane elastic buffer, in conjunction with the set radial clearance, achieves a smooth transition of horizontal shear force transmission from flexible damping to rigid limiting support. At the same time, the nested combination of the self-lubricating alloy bushing and the annular polyurethane elastic buffer protects the bare rod structure of the limiting shear shaft 1006 from the dual damage of lateral off-center load wear and high-frequency hard impact, improving the overall stability of the limiting force transmission component under complex multi-directional stress environments.

[0050] Furthermore, the upper sliding support plate 1002 has a downwardly protruding boss structure, and there are multiple boss structures. These boss structures are all located in the first inner cavity 1002a, and each boss structure extends into the central hole of a disc spring 1003.

[0051] First, the nested connection mechanism, where the protruding structures extend into the central holes of the disc springs 1003, achieves precise positioning and lateral restraint for each set of disc springs 1003. When the multi-dimensional vibration damping composite high-efficiency vibration damping support is subjected to complex and variable spatial stress states, especially when it is subjected to multi-dimensional excitation forces that cause relative displacement tendencies in internal components, the protruding structures can firmly restrain the disc springs 1003 surrounding them, acting like sturdy anchor piles. This lateral restraint line embedded within the structure prevents the disc springs 1003 from undergoing disordered lateral slippage, tilting, or mutual collision and compression damage within the first inner cavity 1002a. Thus, each disc spring 1003 is independently and stably maintained in its initial assembly coordinate position, thereby ensuring the regularity of the array arrangement of multiple sets of disc springs 1003 and the stable balance of the array distribution under uneven pressure conditions.

[0052] Secondly, the downward-protruding boss structure acts as a high-quality internal guide rail during the vertical reciprocating compression deformation of the disc spring 1003. When the upper sliding support plate 1002 is impacted by a vertically downward load transmitted from above, the pressure forces the disc spring 1003 to deform and contract. During this elastic deformation, the outer wall of the boss structure and the inner wall of the central hole of the disc spring 1003 maintain a reasonable relative sliding fit, which can always guide the disc spring 1003 to undergo axial compression and rebound along the vertical axis of the boss structure, ensuring the stable operation of the disc spring 1003 under compression. This axial guiding effect avoids the risk of bending, twisting, or even instability and breakage of the disc spring 1003 when subjected to high loads or instantaneous high-frequency impacts, ensuring that each vibration damping unit can convert and release the input kinetic energy according to a predetermined trajectory, improving the overall system's response smoothness and load-bearing reliability when dealing with vertical impact loads.

[0053] Furthermore, since the upper sliding support plate 1002 has multiple boss structures, and these boss structures are all located in the first inner cavity 1002a, this distributed multi-point positioning design forms a one-to-one precise fit with the multiple sets of disc springs 1003. This matrix-distributed constraint not only allows the upper sliding support plate 1002 to evenly distribute the downward compressive stress it bears to each corresponding disc spring 1003 below, but also promotes all the disc springs 1003 to form a coordinated and interconnected matrix during load-bearing operation. Each disc spring 1003 is independently controlled and does not interfere with each other under the premise of being limited and protected, jointly bearing a huge vertical load, significantly enhancing the fatigue resistance and long-term stability of the internal core stress area.

[0054] Finally, multiple sets of the aforementioned boss structures are set at the bottom of the upper sliding support plate 1002 and extend directly into the central hole of the disc spring 1003, cleverly utilizing the hollow redundant area inherent in the spring. This spatial nesting form allows for a tighter fit between the upper sliding support plate 1002 and the disc spring 1003, eliminating the need for additional large and complex external fixing brackets or clamps in the first inner cavity 1002a, significantly saving the internal volume occupied by the first inner cavity 1002a. This design makes the overall assembly of the multi-dimensional vibration damping composite high-efficiency vibration damping support more compact and reasonable, achieving a high-density arrangement of buffer components within a limited design elevation, while ensuring the safe operation of the internal core components.

[0055] Furthermore, it also includes a tensile limiting baffle 1005 fixedly installed on the bottom edge of the upper sliding support plate 1002, and the tensile limiting baffle 1005 is preferably fixed to the bottom edge of the upper sliding support plate 1002 by bolts; The top edge of the lower sliding support plate 1004 is provided with a limiting step 1004a; The tensile limiting baffle 1005 is located below the limiting step 1004a to cooperate with the limiting step 1004a to limit the downward displacement of the lower sliding support plate 1004 and the upward displacement of the upper sliding support plate 1002.

[0056] Firstly, regarding the function of limiting the upward displacement of the upper sliding support plate 1002, it plays a crucial role in structural tensile and pull-out stabilization when dealing with complex and variable loads. In large-scale spatial buildings or bridge projects, when encountering strong vertical wave impacts, upward suction caused by strong winds, or uneven settlement, the multi-dimensional vibration reduction and isolation composite high-efficiency vibration damping bearing often bears longitudinal tensile forces. Under the action of pull-out force, the upper sliding support plate 1002 tends to rise and separate from the lower sliding support plate 1004. At this time, the tensile limiting baffle 1005, fixedly installed at the bottom edge of the upper sliding support plate 1002, will move upward accordingly and quickly abut against the limiting step 1004a set at the top edge of the lower sliding support plate 1004. Through this rigid mutual locking and engagement, the upward tensile load is effectively transferred and distributed throughout the entire edge area, preventing the upper sliding support plate 1002 from separating and failing from the lower sliding support plate 1004. This edge-locking structure ensures that the entire support can maintain its load-bearing configuration as a whole when the superstructure is lifted and displaced, thus maintaining the continuity and safety of the structural system.

[0057] Secondly, regarding the function of limiting the downward displacement of the lower sliding support plate 1004 (i.e., the displacement relative to the upper sliding support plate that causes separation), its main purpose is to prevent the vibration damping support from detaching and disintegrating under extreme working conditions, and to provide ultimate rebound constraints for the internal elastic system. Multiple sets of disc springs 1003 are nested in the downward-facing open first inner cavity 1002a at the bottom of the upper sliding support plate 1002. When the vibration damping support encounters strong vertical tension (such as upward suction caused by strong winds or multidimensional pull-out forces from earthquakes), or experiences violent upward elastic rebound after being subjected to a huge downward pressure impact, the lower sliding support plate 1004 will tend to detach downwards relative to the first inner cavity 1002a. Since the tensile limiting baffle 1005 is located below the limiting step 1004a, when the lower sliding support plate 1004 moves downward to reach the set safety limit threshold, the bottom surface of the limiting step 1004a will directly and rigidly contact and jam the top surface of the tensile limiting baffle 1005. This rigid limiting mechanism effectively prevents the lower sliding support plate 1004 from sliding further downward from the first inner cavity 1002a, preventing the separation of the upper and lower sliding structures, thereby keeping the multiple disc springs 1003 firmly constrained inside the closed cavity, ensuring that the vibration damping support still has a high degree of structural integrity and safety under repeated tension or reciprocating impact.

[0058] Furthermore, the tensile limiting baffle 1005, fixedly installed at the bottom edge of the upper sliding support plate 1002, and the limiting step 1004a at the top edge of the lower sliding support plate 1004, provide excellent guidance and attitude maintenance during the horizontal sliding operation of the multi-dimensional vibration reduction and isolation composite high-efficiency vibration damping bearing. This edge limiting structure, together with the limiting shear shaft 1006 arranged in the central region, forms a dual-cooperative constraint network, one inside and one outside. Under complex horizontal stress conditions, the limiting step 1004a at the outer edge and the tensile limiting baffle 1005 can share part of the overturning moment caused by eccentric force, ensuring that the upper sliding support plate 1002 and the lower sliding support plate 1004 maintain good parallelism when relative horizontal displacement occurs, preventing internal components from being squeezed or jammed. Meanwhile, in all stages of the support's transportation from the factory, on-site loading and unloading, and overall assembly construction, this anti-detachment edge fastening feature ensures that the upper and lower sliding support components are tightly connected into a modular whole that is not easy to fall apart, which greatly reduces the construction difficulty on the engineering site and improves the safety and convenience of hoisting operations.

[0059] Furthermore, the guide is a roller 1012, and a plurality of the guides are circumferentially arranged on the side of the supporting top plate 1008 to guide the supporting top plate 1008 to perform vibration-damping movement in the vertical direction and reduce side friction.

[0060] The guide component is specifically formed as a roller 1012, which substantially transforms the relative motion interface between the outer wall of the supporting top plate 1008 and the cavity wall of the second inner cavity 1013a of the lower supporting bottom plate 1013. When the supporting top plate 1008 is pressed and moves up and down, the rotation of the roller 1012 transforms the previously possible direct sliding friction between the rigid contact surfaces into rolling friction between the roller 1012 and the cavity wall. This transformation of contact properties significantly reduces the coefficient of friction during relative motion, thereby directly playing a prominent role in reducing lateral friction. Due to the effective reduction of lateral friction, the lateral resistance force faced by the supporting top plate 1008 when compressing downward and transmitting load drops sharply. This makes the entire vertical pressure buffering process smoother and more fluid, effectively preventing jamming, stiffness, or interference between the inner and outer nested components, and significantly improving the starting sensitivity and dynamic response rate of the multi-dimensional vibration damping composite high-efficiency vibration damping support when facing minor external vibration excitation.

[0061] The spatial array arrangement of multiple guide members circumferentially on the sides of the supporting top plate 1008 constructs a comprehensive, force-balanced lateral constraint and guidance system within the internal cavity. When the multi-dimensional vibration-damping composite high-efficiency vibration-damping support encounters complex multi-directional forces, especially when accompanied by uneven eccentric load distribution or overturning moments due to deformation of the upper structure, the circumferentially arranged rollers 1012 can tightly and uniformly adhere to the cavity wall of the second inner cavity 1013a, providing a circumferentially balanced radial support reaction force to the supporting top plate 1008. This multi-point evenly distributed rolling constraint mechanism effectively prevents the supporting top plate 1008 from tilting, deviating, or becoming stuck due to uneven local pressure within the second inner cavity 1013a, ensuring that the spatial posture of the core moving component remains highly stable during the lifting process.

[0062] Based on the aforementioned combined functions of reducing lateral friction and providing circumferential equilibrium constraints, these structural features work in synergy to ultimately guide the supporting top plate 1008 in vertical vibration-damping motion. This precise vertical guidance ensures that the supporting top plate 1008 maintains a straight vertical trajectory regardless of whether it is subjected to high-frequency micro-vibrations or sudden high-intensity heavy-load impacts. This controlled, highly precise motion trajectory avoids lateral shearing or bending compression of the internal vibration-damping core components connected below due to lateral displacement or eccentric loads. It allows externally input vertical kinetic energy to be transmitted along a preset axial path and converted into compressive deformation kinetic energy and heat dissipation energy of the internal elastic damping elements, ensuring the safety of the overall system and the coordinated operation of each component from the structural force transmission path.

[0063] Furthermore, the design intent of guiding the support plate 1008 to perform vibration-damping movement in the vertical direction and reducing lateral friction significantly slows down the wear process of the contact interface of key moving parts. The circumferentially arranged rollers 1012 act as dynamic guide hubs and also serve as a low-loss isolation medium, preventing large-area direct scraping between the outer edge of the support plate 1008 and the cavity wall of the second inner cavity 1013a. This not only reduces surface scratches, material fatigue spalling, and abnormal heat accumulation caused by long-term high-frequency reciprocating friction, but also greatly extends the overall service life of the multi-dimensional vibration-damping composite high-efficiency vibration-damping bearing, ensuring that it can maintain robust and reliable structural protection function under long-term complex working conditions.

[0064] Furthermore, the contact friction surface between the first wear-resistant plate and the first concave spherical surface is densely covered with a first micropore array. The first micropore array has multiple first micropores, each of which is an inverted frustum shape with a larger top and a smaller bottom. Each first micropore is filled with a solid self-lubricating material made of a mixture of polytetrafluoroethylene, graphite and molybdenum disulfide, so that it overflows from the first micropore when the first wear-resistant plate vibrates, thereby forming a lubricating film on the surface of the first wear-resistant plate. The contact friction surface between the second wear-resistant plate and the second concave spherical surface is densely covered with a second micropore array. The second micropore array has multiple second micropores, each of which is a frustum-shaped structure with a smaller top and a larger bottom. Each second micropore is filled with a solid self-lubricating material made of polytetrafluoroethylene, graphite and molybdenum disulfide, which overflows from the second micropore when the second wear-resistant plate vibrates, thereby forming a lubricating film on the surface of the second wear-resistant plate.

[0065] Regarding the selection of lubricating media and heavy-load support, this invention specifies that each first micropore is filled with a solid self-lubricating material composed of a mixture of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), graphite, and molybdenum disulfide, and each second micropore is also filled with a solid self-lubricating material composed of the same mixture. PTFE itself possesses excellent low-resistance sliding characteristics and superior high-temperature resistance, while molybdenum disulfide can withstand enormous interlaminar contact compressive stress and provide sufficient adhesion at the metal friction interface. Mixing these two substances to form a solid self-lubricating material composed of PTFE, graphite, and molybdenum disulfide allows the multi-dimensional vibration-damping composite high-efficiency vibration-damping bearing to maintain a robust lubricating barrier between the contact friction surfaces even when bearing the enormous vertical gravity load of a large-span building or bridge. This mixed solid lubricant possesses stable solid shape retention capability, ensuring sufficient and long-lasting lubrication reserves within the bearing, thus improving the operational stability of the entire vibration-damping bearing over its long service life.

[0066] When the bearing encounters large-amplitude, high-frequency relative sliding caused by high-magnitude seismic waves, it generates significant vibrations. The solid self-lubricating material, composed of polytetrafluoroethylene, graphite, and molybdenum disulfide, undergoes micro-expansion upon heating. Through this micro-expansion, the solid lubricant spontaneously overflows from both the first and second micropores. This enables the multi-dimensional vibration-damping composite high-efficiency bearing to achieve on-demand dynamic material supply: under normal temperature conditions with minimal displacement, the solid lubricant is stably stored within the micropores; after vibration, the solid self-lubricating material actively overflows to participate in surface drag reduction, thereby forming a lubricating film on the surface of the second wear-resistant plate. This thermal response mechanism significantly reduces the difference between the dynamic and static friction coefficients at the sliding interface, ensuring the smoothness of multi-directional sliding displacement and preventing the structure from experiencing dryness and obstruction in the initial stage of a strong earthquake.

[0067] Regarding the micropore spatial geometry, this invention defines each first micropore as an inverted frustum shape, wider at the top and narrower at the bottom, and each second micropore as a frustum shape, narrower at the top and wider at the bottom. This inverted frustum geometry provides significant advantages in spatial confinement and guided overflow. On one hand, the inclined hole walls, wider at the top and narrower at the bottom, can firmly anchor the solid self-lubricating material, a mixture of polytetrafluoroethylene, graphite, and molybdenum disulfide, to the bottom of the micropore under static conditions at room temperature, preventing it from peeling off completely during repeated shear stress. On the other hand, during vibration, the wide upper opening of the inverted frustum shape provides a smooth volume expansion channel and upward guiding space for the lubricant to overflow. This micropore configuration ensures that the solid lubricant can spread quickly and evenly on the contact friction surface when overflowing from the first and second micropores, thereby forming a lubricating film on the surface of the second wear-resistant plate. This dense and uniformly distributed lubricating film significantly reduces the wear and tear on the metal surfaces between the first concave spherical surface and the first wear-resistant plate, as well as between the second concave spherical surface and the second wear-resistant plate, ensuring the structural integrity and smooth sliding vibration isolation function of the multi-dimensional vibration reduction and isolation composite high-efficiency vibration damping support under complex stress conditions.

[0068] Under frequent vibrations, the mixture of polytetrafluoroethylene, graphite and molybdenum disulfide stored in the micropores is continuously sheared and coated onto the corresponding concave spherical surface, thereby forming a continuous solid lubricant transfer film with self-healing capabilities.

[0069] The vibration reduction method of the multidimensional vibration reduction and isolation composite high-efficiency vibration reduction bearing of the present invention is as follows: Vertical dual elastic energy dissipation process: When the vibration damping support is subjected to vertical load or vibration, the top support plate 1008 moves smoothly up and down under the abutment and guidance of the side guide and the cavity wall of the second inner cavity 1013a, and presses down on the vibration damping component between the bottom of the top support plate 1008 and the inner bottom surface of the lower support plate 1013; at the same time, the upper sliding support plate 1002 moves downward relative to the lower sliding support plate 1004, pressing the multiple disc springs 1003 located in the first inner cavity 1002a and supported by the lower sliding support plate 1004, so as to absorb the vertical vibration energy.

[0070] Horizontal double-spherical sliding and limiting shear resistance process: When the support is subjected to horizontal seismic shear force, relative spherical sliding occurs between the first concave spherical surface at the bottom of the upper support plate 1001 and the first wear-resistant plate at the top of the upper sliding support plate 1002, and relative spherical sliding occurs between the second concave spherical surface at the top of the lower support plate 1007 and the second wear-resistant plate at the bottom of the lower sliding support plate 1004; During the above-mentioned horizontal seismic isolation sliding process, the vertically set and upper fixed limiting shear resistance shaft 1006 provides shear support for the support in the horizontal direction through the clearance fit between its lower end and the lower sliding support plate 1004.

[0071] Multidimensional spatial damping limiting process: During the relative three-dimensional movement between the top support plate 1008 and the bottom support plate 1013, multiple inclined viscous dampers 1011, which are respectively hinged at both ends between the top support plate 1008 and the bottom support plate 1013, passively extend and retract to provide damping energy to suppress displacement.

[0072] According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for assembling a multidimensional vibration reduction and isolation composite high-efficiency vibration damping bearing is also provided, comprising the following steps: 1) Place the vibration damping assembly on the inner bottom surface of the second inner cavity 1013a of the lower support base plate 1013, and then place the lower part of the support top plate 1008 in the second inner cavity 1013a, so that the guide member on the side of the support top plate 1008 abuts against the cavity wall of the second inner cavity 1013a to form a guide fit for vertical movement, and respectively tilt and hinge the plurality of viscous dampers 1011 between the support top plate 1008 and the lower support base plate 1013; 2) Fix the lower seat plate 1007 on the top of the support top plate 1008, and then place the lower sliding support plate 1004 on top of the lower seat plate 1007, so that the second wear-resistant plate at the bottom of the lower sliding support plate 1004 fits against the second concave spherical surface at the top of the lower seat plate 1007. 3) Place multiple sets of disc springs 1003 on the top extension end of the lower sliding support plate 1004, and fix the vertical upper end of the limiting anti-shear shaft 1006 on the upper sliding support plate 1002; then, snap the upper sliding support plate 1002 downward so that its bottom first inner cavity 1002a accommodates all the disc springs 1003 and the top of the lower sliding support plate 1004, and make the lower end of the limiting anti-shear shaft 1006 extend into the lower sliding support plate 1004 to form a clearance fit; 4) Place the upper seat plate 1001 above the upper sliding support plate 1002, so that the first concave spherical surface at its bottom is in contact with the first wear-resistant plate at the top of the upper sliding support plate 1002.

[0073] Those skilled in the art will readily understand that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-dimensional vibration damping and isolation composite high-efficiency vibration damping bearing, comprising an upper bearing plate, an upper sliding support plate, a lower sliding support plate, a lower bearing plate, a limiting shear shaft, a support top plate, a viscous damper, and a lower support bottom plate, wherein the bottom of the upper bearing plate is provided with a first concave spherical surface, the top of the upper sliding support plate is provided with a first wear-resistant plate that mates with the first concave spherical surface, the bottom of the lower sliding support plate is provided with a second wear-resistant plate, and the top of the lower bearing plate is provided with a second concave spherical surface that mates with the second wear-resistant plate, characterized in that: The bottom of the upper sliding support plate is provided with a first inner cavity that faces downwards. Multiple disc springs are provided in the first inner cavity. The top of the lower sliding support plate extends into the first inner cavity of the upper sliding support plate and receives all the disc springs. The lower sliding support plate and the upper sliding support plate are fitted with a clearance. The limiting shear shaft is vertically arranged, and the upper end of the limiting shear shaft is fixedly installed on the upper sliding support plate. The lower end of the limiting shear shaft extends into the lower sliding support plate and is clearance-fitted with the lower sliding support plate to resist horizontal shear force. The lower base plate is fixedly installed on the top of the supporting top plate. The lower supporting bottom plate has a second inner cavity with an upward opening. The lower part of the supporting top plate is placed in the second inner cavity. A vibration damping component is provided between the bottom of the supporting top plate and the inner bottom surface of the lower supporting bottom plate. The side of the supporting top plate is provided with a guide member, which abuts against the cavity wall of the second inner cavity to guide the up and down movement of the supporting top plate. There are multiple viscous dampers, each of which is inclined. One end of each viscous damper is hinged to the top support plate and the other end is hinged to the bottom support plate.

2. The multi-dimensional vibration reduction and isolation composite high-efficiency vibration damping bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vibration damping assembly includes damping blocks and multiple compression springs; The damping block is disposed in the middle region between the bottom of the top support plate and the inner bottom surface of the bottom support plate; The compression springs are provided in multiple sets, and the multiple sets of compression springs are arranged around the damping block.

3. The multidimensional vibration reduction and isolation composite high-efficiency vibration damping bearing according to claim 2, characterized in that, The damping block has a sealed chamber inside, which is filled with a shear-thickening fluid. When the shear rate generated by normal vibration is not greater than the set critical shear rate, the shear-thickening fluid is in a Newtonian fluid state to provide flexible vibration reduction. When the shear rate generated by strong vibration is greater than the set critical shear rate, the shear-thickening fluid undergoes phase transformation hardening and exhibits a solid-like state, thereby instantly increasing the vertical compressive stiffness of the damping block and limiting the excessive downward displacement of the supporting top plate.

4. The multi-dimensional vibration reduction and isolation composite high-efficiency vibration damping bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper end of the limiting shear shaft is fixed to the upper sliding support plate by means of a hidden pin or threaded connection. The lower end of the limiting shear shaft is a smooth rod structure. The lower sliding support plate has a light hole that cooperates with the smooth rod structure. Through the sliding cooperation between the smooth rod structure and the light hole, the limiting shear shaft transmits horizontal shear force while allowing the lower sliding support plate to move vertically relative to the upper sliding support plate.

5. A multi-dimensional vibration reduction and isolation composite high-efficiency vibration damping bearing according to claim 4, characterized in that, The inner wall of the light hole of the lower sliding support plate is inlaid with a self-lubricating alloy bushing, and there is a set radial gap between the light rod structure of the limiting anti-shear shaft and the self-lubricating alloy bushing, which is filled with an annular polyurethane elastic buffer.

6. The multidimensional vibration reduction and isolation composite high-efficiency vibration damping bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper sliding support plate has a downward protruding boss structure. There are multiple boss structures, all of which are located in the first inner cavity. Each boss structure extends into the central hole of a disc spring.

7. The multidimensional vibration reduction and isolation composite high-efficiency vibration damping bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a tensile limiting baffle that is fixedly installed on the bottom edge of the upper sliding support plate; The top edge of the lower sliding support plate is provided with a limit step; The tensile limiting baffle is located below the limiting step to cooperate with the limiting step in order to limit the downward displacement of the lower sliding support plate and the upward displacement of the upper sliding support plate.

8. The multidimensional vibration reduction and isolation composite high-efficiency vibration damping bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The guide element is a roller, and multiple guide elements are circumferentially arranged on the side of the supporting top plate to guide the supporting top plate to perform vibration-damping movement in the vertical direction and reduce lateral friction.

9. A multi-dimensional vibration reduction and isolation composite high-efficiency vibration damping bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The contact friction surface between the first wear-resistant plate and the first concave spherical surface is densely covered with a first micropore array. The first micropore array has multiple first micropores, each of which is an inverted frustum shape with a larger top and a smaller bottom. Each first micropore is filled with a solid self-lubricating material made of polytetrafluoroethylene, graphite and molybdenum disulfide, so that it overflows from the first micropore during vibration, thereby forming a lubricating film on the surface of the first wear-resistant plate. The contact friction surface between the second wear-resistant plate and the second concave spherical surface is densely covered with a second micropore array. The second micropore array has multiple second micropores, each of which is a frustum-shaped structure with a smaller top and a larger bottom. Each second micropore is filled with a solid self-lubricating material made of polytetrafluoroethylene, graphite and molybdenum disulfide, which overflows from the second micropore when the second wear-resistant plate vibrates, thereby forming a lubricating film on the surface of the second wear-resistant plate.

10. The assembly method of the multidimensional vibration reduction and isolation composite high-efficiency vibration damping bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: 1) Place the vibration damping assembly on the inner bottom surface of the second inner cavity of the lower support base plate, and then place the lower part of the support top plate in the second inner cavity, so that the guide on the side of the support top plate abuts against the cavity wall of the second inner cavity to form a guide fit for vertical movement, and respectively tilt and hinge the multiple viscous dampers between the support top plate and the lower support base plate. 2) Fix the lower seat plate on the top of the support top plate, and then place the lower sliding support plate on top of the lower seat plate, so that the second wear-resistant plate at the bottom of the lower sliding support plate fits against the second concave spherical surface at the top of the lower seat plate; 3) Place multiple sets of disc springs on the top extension end of the lower sliding support plate, and fix the vertical upper end of the limiting anti-shear shaft on the upper sliding support plate; then, snap the upper sliding support plate downward so that the first inner cavity at its bottom accommodates all the disc springs and the top of the lower sliding support plate, and allow the lower end of the limiting anti-shear shaft to extend into the lower sliding support plate to form a clearance fit; 4) Place the upper seat plate above the upper sliding support plate, so that the first concave spherical surface at its bottom is in contact with the first wear-resistant plate at the top of the upper sliding support plate.

Images