Method and device for asymmetric demolition and structural rebalancing of multi-arched stone cave dwellings

Abstract

The application discloses a method and device for asymmetric demolition and structure balance reconstruction of multi-arch stone cave, relates to the field of historical building protection and reconstruction engineering, and comprises the following steps: present stress evaluation and balance model establishment; establishment of a temporary limiting and prestress intervention supporting system; top unloading and static demolition; construction of a permanent anti-push balance structure; and whole-process monitoring. The method and device for asymmetric demolition and structure balance reconstruction of multi-arch stone cave can control the deformation of a fragile cave body within a safe range through prestress active intervention limiting, reduce construction disturbance through top unloading load reduction and static layer-by-layer demolition, and establish a permanent balance structure through mechanical engagement of a demolition interface Ma Yacha and eccentric anti-push pier pouring, so that the absolute safety protection and long-term stability of a reserved side structure under the condition of multi-arch masonry asymmetric demolition are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the engineering technology of historical building protection and renovation, specifically to the method and device for asymmetric demolition and structural balance reconstruction of interconnected arch stone cave dwellings. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional stone cave dwellings are typical masonry arch structures, and the core of their load-bearing system lies in the "arch-linking effect": when adjacent arches bear the vertical load generated by the thick overburden, a horizontal thrust is generated outward at the arch foot. In a complete arch-linking system, adjacent cave dwellings transfer and cancel these horizontal thrusts to each other through shared cave legs, thus maintaining the load-bearing balance of the entire structural system. Although this equilibrium state has inherent stability, it is essentially a fragile dynamic equilibrium system, which is easily disrupted once the boundary conditions change.

[0003] In the process of urbanization, transportation infrastructure construction, or the protective development of historical buildings, there are often engineering scenarios that require the partial demolition of several cave dwellings while preserving adjacent cave dwellings. For example, due to road widening, two cave dwellings at the end need to be demolished, while another adjacent cave dwelling, which has high historical value, must be preserved intact in its original location. This "asymmetric demolition" situation—that is, demolishing only one side of the structural system while preserving the other side—fundamentally disrupts the original balance of the continuous arch, leading to the following prominent technical challenges:

[0004] First, there is the risk of unbalanced unidirectional horizontal thrust. The key to the continuous arch system lies in the mutual cancellation of horizontal thrust. Once one side of the kiln is demolished, the adjacent kiln on the preserved side will lose the horizontal resistance support from that side. The originally canceled thrust will instantly transform into a huge unidirectional unbalanced horizontal thrust, directly acting on the exposed kiln leg on the preserved side. This unidirectional thrust can easily cause lateral deformation, tilting, or even complete collapse of the preserved kiln leg, which is the core safety risk under asymmetric demolition conditions.

[0005] Secondly, there is the challenge of controlling the deformation of fragile structures. Traditional stone cave dwellings are mostly constructed using dry-laid or mortar-bonded blocks of stone, with foundations typically made of rammed earth or plain soil. Due to their age, the materials deteriorate, and the bonding strength weakens significantly, making the structure extremely fragile. During demolition, mechanical vibrations and sudden changes in stress can cause the stones in the preserved cave dwellings to loosen, cracks to widen, or irreversible displacement. Controlling the deformation and settlement of these fragile historical structures within safe limits is a key challenge to ensuring that the protected objects are not damaged.

[0006] Third, there is the challenge of coordinating support, dismantling, and reconstruction throughout the entire process. From the pre-dismantling condition assessment to the temporary restraints and stress control during dismantling, and then to the construction of the permanent anti-push structure after dismantling, the technical measures at each stage require a high degree of coordination. Existing general technologies, such as full-span scaffolding support or simple external retaining walls, mainly focus on "load-bearing" or "soil retention," and lack the comprehensive capabilities of "proactively intervening in the force transmission path in advance, restraining and controlling the vulnerable structure, statically and gradually unloading, and forming a mechanical engagement with the old structure to establish long-term equilibrium." These technologies are insufficient to meet the protective construction requirements under such high-risk conditions.

[0007] To address the challenges of structural safety control and mechanical equilibrium reconstruction of the aforementioned multi-arched stone cave dwellings under asymmetric demolition conditions, the following solutions were disclosed in existing technologies after a search:

[0008] 1) Patent application CN116163551B discloses a method for temporary support of cave dwellings. In this patent application, before the repair, renovation, expansion, or demolition of cave dwellings, all relevant cave dwellings are reinforced with full-span scaffolding, followed by manual construction. The installation of the full-span scaffolding includes the following steps: S100, fabricating full-span scaffolding for each cave dwelling according to its net depth; S200, installing the scaffolding in sets from the inside out, with each set requiring a pre-applied jacking load to maintain relative stability; S300, after the full-span scaffolding of a cave dwelling is installed, multiple sets of scaffolding are simultaneously used for upward jacking operations, and prestress is applied in place; S400, constructing the left-side gravity retaining wall to the top of the arch; S500, after the gravity retaining wall is fully constructed, promptly connecting the longitudinal and transverse connecting bracing rods of the full-span scaffolding. This invention provides temporary support, is easy to assemble and disassemble, and is flexible in use.

[0009] 2) Announcement No. CN109403651B discloses a method for reinforcing brick and stone kilns using steel cables to improve the overall stability of the kiln. This patent application includes the following steps: 1. Treatment of the kiln roof soil layer: Leveling and compacting the soil layer above the brick and stone kiln to be reinforced, then laying a layer of lime-soil on top and compacting it; 2. Demolition of the kiln roof wall; 3. Construction of shear keys: Constructing shear keys on the upper part of all four walls of the brick and stone kiln to be reinforced; 4. Construction of the steel cable reinforcement structure: The steel cable reinforcement structure includes a kiln roof retaining beam supported on the four walls of the kiln to be reinforced and steel cables installed within the kiln roof retaining beam; 5. Construction of the front wall and paving of the soil layer. This invention has simple steps, a reasonable design, is easy to construct, and has good results. By combining the kiln roof soil layer treatment, the kiln roof retaining beam, and the steel cables, it comprehensively and hoisted existing brick and stone kilns, effectively improving the stability of the kiln.

[0010] While the aforementioned existing technical solutions address the issues of temporary support or overall reinforcement of cave dwellings while they remain intact, none of them address the problem of unidirectional unbalanced horizontal thrust faced by the preserved side after partial demolition of the arch system. This makes them difficult to directly apply to the asymmetric demolition conditions targeted by this invention. For example:

[0011] The full-span support disclosed in CN116163551B mainly provides vertical lifting support. It does not provide lateral force resistance design for the unidirectional horizontal thrust borne by the kiln leg exposed on one side of the kiln after the destruction of the arch system. Furthermore, the gravity retaining wall in this scheme is built on the same side as the retained side and does not involve constructing a permanent anti-thrust structure at the demolition interface to replace the horizontal resistance provided by the demolished part.

[0012] The steel cable reinforcement scheme disclosed in CN109403651B targets the overall circumferential constraint of the complete existing cave dwelling. The reinforcement object is the preserved cave dwelling itself, and the constraint it provides cannot replace the lateral support role of the demolished cave dwelling for the preserved cave dwelling in the original arch system.

[0013] Neither solution provides a fully sequential, coordinated solution that simultaneously achieves "early proactive intervention in force transmission and limiting, top unloading and load reduction, static layer-by-layer dismantling, and interface mechanical interlocking to construct a permanent anti-push structure." Therefore, there is an urgent need in this field for a structural equilibrium reconstruction method and supporting equipment specifically designed for the asymmetric dismantling of multi-arch stone cave dwellings. Summary of the Invention

[0014] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method and apparatus for asymmetric demolition and structural balance reconstruction of interconnected arch stone cave dwellings, so as to solve the technical problem that the existing technology cannot simultaneously achieve deformation limit control and unidirectional unbalanced horizontal thrust resistance of the preserved cave dwellings under the condition of demolition on one side of the interconnected arch system.

[0015] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for asymmetric demolition and structural balance reconstruction of interconnected arch stone cave dwellings, comprising the following steps:

[0016] S1: Current stress assessment and equilibrium model establishment. Conduct full life cycle stress analysis on the cave dwellings in the area to be demolished and the adjacent cave dwellings to be retained. Calculate the original equilibrium horizontal thrust of the arch system. Based on the top soil load, assess the unbalanced horizontal thrust that the exposed side of the cave dwelling leg needs to bear after breaking the arch effect.

[0017] S2: Establish a temporary limiting and prestressed intervention support system, and erect full-span support scaffolding and steel arch frame inside the cave to be preserved, wherein the curvature of the main rib of the steel arch frame matches the curvature of the arch of the cave to be preserved.

[0018] A clamping mechanism is installed between the steel arch frame and the cave roof. Prestress is applied through the clamping mechanism, so that the temporary support actively intervenes in the force transmission path in advance to limit the unloading deformation of the cave stone body.

[0019] Horizontal through-wall tie members are installed at the arch foot of the cave dwelling to be preserved in order to resist unbalanced horizontal thrust.

[0020] S3: Top unloading and static demolition. The top layer of the cave to be demolished is unloaded and the top soil is removed. Then, static crushing or hydraulic crushing is used to carry out the demolition process starting from the arch, from the inside out, from top to bottom, symmetrically layered and peeled off piece by piece, until a rough stepped cross-section is formed at the adjacent kiln legs of the cave to be retained.

[0021] S4: Construct a permanent anti-thrust balance structure. On the rough stepped cross-section formed in step S3, further refine the toothed joint interface with regular concave and convex shapes. Insert anchor bars at the toothed joint interface so that the original kiln leg cross-section becomes part of the mechanical interlocking structure. Finally, relying on the original kiln leg foundation, pour a large volume of reinforced concrete anti-thrust pier or anti-thrust retaining wall. Its center of gravity is set to be biased towards the side of the retained kiln cave to permanently resist the unbalanced horizontal thrust.

[0022] S5: Full-process monitoring. Starting from step S2, displacement and settlement monitoring points are set up in the cave dwelling to be preserved, deformation early warning thresholds are set, and the demolition progress of step S3 or the support strength of step S2 is adjusted in real time. After all construction procedures are completed and the monitoring data confirms that the structure is stable, the reconstruction construction is completed.

[0023] Furthermore, the specific process of applying prestress through the clamping mechanism in S2 includes: along the arc of the steel arch frame, arranging adjustable top supports and wooden wedge pads in the arch top area; by adjusting the spiral lifting of the adjustable top supports, pushing the wooden wedge pads to clamp the stone body of the cave arch top, thereby realizing the prestress intervention limit.

[0024] Furthermore, the specific process of top-layer unloading in S3 is as follows: along the depth direction of the cave dwelling in the area to be demolished, the top soil covering is divided into several strips, and removed in layers using an intermittent skip-chamber method; the thickness of each layer removed does not exceed 300mm, and the unloading height difference between adjacent strips does not exceed one layer, so as to keep the cave dwelling on the side of the unloading process uniformly stressed.

[0025] Furthermore, in S4, the toothed joint interface has a vertically interlocking tooth-like structure, and the anchor bar is a penetrating implant.

[0026] Furthermore, in S4, the bottom width of the reinforced concrete anti-push pier or anti-push retaining wall is greater than the top width, and its center of gravity is biased towards the side of the cave to be preserved through the trapezoidal cross-section design to form an anti-overturning moment.

[0027] Furthermore, the chiseling depth of the toothed joint interface in S4 is not less than 1 / 4 of the original kiln leg width, and after chiseling, the interface is subjected to high-pressure water washing and interface roughening treatment to enhance the bonding force between the new and old concrete.

[0028] Furthermore, during the demolition process, the depth of a single demolition shall not exceed 1.5 times the thickness of the cave arch, and the width of the stepped cross-section reserved after each demolition shall not be less than the width of a standard block. In step S4, when pouring reinforced concrete anti-push piers or anti-push retaining walls, self-compacting concrete or micro-expansion concrete shall be used to compensate for concrete shrinkage and ensure a tight fit with the toothed joint interface.

[0029] A device for asymmetric demolition and structural balance reconstruction of interconnected arch stone cave dwellings, used to implement the above-mentioned reconstruction method, the reconstruction device comprising:

[0030] The bottom of the uprights of the full-span scaffolding is equipped with long channel steel pads to increase the contact area with the rammed soil foundation;

[0031] The steel arch frame is arranged along the arch surface of the cave dwelling to be preserved. It is composed of cold-formed steel main ribs, and its curvature matches the curvature of the arch of the cave dwelling to be preserved.

[0032] The prestressing mechanism for the arch crown is arranged along the arc of the steel arch frame and includes an adjustable top support and wooden wedge pads.

[0033] The arch foot lateral tension mechanism includes through-wall tie members, which are installed across the arch feet on both sides of the bottom of the cave to be preserved, in order to resist horizontal thrust.

[0034] The monitoring system includes displacement and settlement sensors installed on the arch or sidewalls of the cave dwelling to be preserved, as well as a data acquisition and uploading module. The sensors of the monitoring system are integrated on the main ribs of the customized steel arch frame or directly fixed to key monitoring points of the cave dwelling body. The data collected is wirelessly transmitted to an external monitoring terminal through the data uploading module.

[0035] Furthermore, the adjustable top support is a spiral jack, and it is arranged at multiple points along the arch area. When the wooden wedge pads are prestressed, they form flexible contact with the stone blocks of the cave arch.

[0036] Furthermore, the through-wall tie members are through-wall high-strength tie bolts or transverse tension bars, which span and tension between the arch feet on both sides of the bottom of the cave to be preserved.

[0037] Furthermore, the steel arch frame is a segmented splicing structure, with each segment connected by bolted flanges or plug-in sleeves to accommodate the length of kilns with different depths.

[0038] Compared with existing technologies, the method and device for asymmetric demolition and structural balance reconstruction of continuous arch stone cave dwellings provided by this invention effectively solves the core safety problem of retaining the cave dwelling's exposed leg bearing unidirectional unbalanced horizontal thrust under asymmetric demolition conditions by combining prestressed active intervention limiting, top unloading and load reduction, and arch foot tensioning measures at the force control level, thus keeping the deformation of the fragile historical structure within a safe range. At the structural construction level, the mechanical interlocking structure of toothed joint chiseling at the demolition interface, rebar anchoring, and large-volume anti-thrust pier pouring achieves a reliable connection and permanent anti-thrust balance between the old and new structural interfaces, replacing the demolished cave dwelling's role as a force transmitter in the original continuous arch system. The entire method forms a full-time coordinated control system of first supporting and limiting, then unloading and demolition, and finally rebuilding balance, filling the technical difficulties of existing technologies under asymmetric demolition conditions of continuous arch masonry. Attached Figure Description

[0039] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0040] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 2 For the present invention Figure 1 A magnified structural diagram of A in the middle;

[0042] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 1 A magnified structural diagram of B in the diagram;

[0043] Figure 4 This is a full-time construction flowchart of asymmetric demolition and structural balance reconstruction in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0044] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0045] 1. Full-span scaffolding; 2. Steel arch frame; 3. Adjustable top support; 4. Wooden wedge pads; 5. Toothed joint connection interface; 6. Anchor bars; 7. Cave dwellings to be preserved; 8. Long channel steel pads; 9. Thrust piers. Detailed Implementation

[0046] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0047] As attached Figure 1 To be continued Figure 3 As shown:

[0048] Example 1:

[0049] This invention provides a device for asymmetric demolition and structural balance reconstruction of a continuous arch stone cave dwelling, including a full-span scaffold 1, a steel arch frame 2, a prestressing application mechanism for the arch top, a lateral tension mechanism for the arch foot, and a monitoring system.

[0050] 1. In one embodiment of the present invention, a long channel steel pad 8 is provided at the bottom of the upright of the full-span scaffold 1 to increase the contact area with the compacted soil foundation.

[0051] 2. In one embodiment of the present invention, the steel arch frame 2 is arranged along the arched surface of the cave dwelling to be retained 7, and is composed of cold-formed steel main ribs, the curvature of which matches the curvature of the arched surface of the cave dwelling to be retained 7.

[0052] 3. In one embodiment of the present invention, the prestressing application mechanism for the arch is arranged along the arc of the steel arch frame 2, and includes an adjustable top support 3 and wooden wedge blocks 4. The adjustable top support 3 is a spiral jack and is arranged at multiple points along the arch area. When prestressing is applied, the wooden wedge blocks 4 form flexible contact with the stone body of the cave arch.

[0053] 4. In one embodiment of the present invention, the arch foot lateral tension mechanism includes a through-wall tie member (not shown in the figure), which is arranged across the arch feet on both sides of the bottom of the cave dwelling to be retained 7 to resist horizontal thrust; the through-wall tie member is a through-wall high-strength tie bolt or a lateral tension bar, which is arranged across and tensioned between the arch feet on both sides of the bottom of the cave dwelling to be retained 7.

[0054] 5. In one embodiment of the present invention, the monitoring system includes displacement and settlement sensors arranged on the arch or side wall of the kiln leg of the cave to be preserved, and a data acquisition and uploading module (not shown in the figure). The sensors of the monitoring system are integrated on the main rib of the customized steel arch frame 2, or directly fixed to the key monitoring points of the cave body. The data collected is wirelessly transmitted to an external monitoring terminal through the data uploading module.

[0055] 6. In one embodiment of the present invention, the steel arch frame 2 is a segmented splicing structure, and the segments are connected by bolted flanges or plug sleeves to adapt to the length of kilns with different depths.

[0056] 7. In one embodiment of the present invention, the device further includes an interface roughening and rebar installation tool kit, used to chisel a toothed joint connection interface 5 on the demolition interface of the adjacent kiln leg of the kiln to be retained 7 and insert anchor bars 6 or anchor bolts, so that the original kiln leg cross section becomes part of the mechanical interlocking structure, so that a reliable force transmission node is formed with the old structure when the permanent anti-thrust pier 9 is subsequently poured.

[0057] Working principle: In Example 1, a prestressed intervention support system with both vertical limiting and horizontal thrust resistance is constructed by using the prestressing application mechanism at the arch crown and the lateral tension mechanism at the arch foot. This system proactively intervenes in the force transmission path before asymmetric demolition construction and works in conjunction with the full-span scaffolding 1 and the monitoring system to achieve deformation control and real-time monitoring of the stress state of the preserved cave dwelling.

[0058] As attached Figure 1 To be continued Figure 4 As shown:

[0059] Example 2:

[0060] This invention provides a method for asymmetric demolition and structural balance reconstruction of a continuous arch stone cave dwelling based on the device described in Embodiment 1, comprising the following steps:

[0061] S1: Current stress assessment and equilibrium model establishment. Conduct full life cycle stress analysis on the cave dwellings in the area to be demolished and the adjacent cave dwelling 7 to be retained. Calculate the original equilibrium horizontal thrust of the arch system. Based on the top soil load, assess the unbalanced horizontal thrust that the exposed side of the cave dwelling leg needs to bear after breaking the arch effect.

[0062] S2: Establish a temporary limiting and prestressed intervention support system, and erect a full-span support scaffold and steel arch frame 2 inside the cave dwelling to be retained 7, wherein the curvature of the main rib of the steel arch frame 2 matches the curvature of the arch of the cave dwelling to be retained 7.

[0063] A clamping mechanism is set between the steel arch frame 2 and the cave arch. Prestress is applied through the clamping mechanism to allow the temporary support to actively intervene in the force transmission path in advance, so as to limit the unloading deformation of the cave stone body. The specific steps include the following: along the arc of the steel arch frame 2, an adjustable top support 3 and a wooden wedge block 4 are arranged in the arch area. By adjusting the spiral lifting of the adjustable top support 3, the wooden wedge block 4 is pushed to clamp the stone body of the cave arch, so as to realize the prestress intervention limit.

[0064] A transverse through-wall tie member is installed at the arch foot of the proposed preserved cave dwelling 7 to resist unbalanced horizontal thrust.

[0065] S3: Top Unloading and Static Demolition. The top layer of the cave dwelling to be demolished will be unloaded, removing the top covering soil. Then, using static or hydraulic crushing methods, a symmetrical layered, piece-by-piece demolition process will be carried out, starting from the arch and proceeding from the inside out and from top to bottom, until a rough, stepped cross-section is formed at the adjacent kiln legs of the cave dwelling to be retained (S3). The specific process of top layer unloading is as follows: along the depth direction of the cave dwelling to be demolished, the top covering soil will be divided into several strips, and removed layer by layer using an intermittent skip-chamber method. The thickness of each layer removed will not exceed 300mm, and the unloading height difference between adjacent strips will not exceed one layer to ensure uniform stress on the retained side of the cave dwelling during the unloading process.

[0066] S4: Construct a permanent anti-thrust balance structure. On the rough stepped cross-section formed in step S3, further refine and carve out a toothed joint interface 5 with regular concave and convex shapes. The toothed joint interface 5 is a vertically interlocking toothed structure. Anchor bars 6 are implanted at the toothed joint interface 5. The anchor bars 6 are penetratingly implanted, so that the original kiln leg cross-section becomes part of the mechanical interlocking structure. Finally, relying on the original kiln leg foundation, pour a large-volume reinforced concrete anti-thrust pier 9 or anti-thrust retaining wall. Its center of gravity is set to be biased towards the side of the retained kiln, so as to permanently resist the unbalanced horizontal thrust.

[0067] S5: Full-process monitoring. Starting from step S2, displacement and settlement monitoring points are set up in the cave dwelling to be retained 7, deformation early warning thresholds are set, and the demolition progress of step S3 or the support strength of step S2 is adjusted in real time. After all construction procedures are completed and the monitoring data confirms that the structure is stable, the reconstruction construction is completed.

[0068] 1. In one embodiment of the present invention, the bottom width of the reinforced concrete anti-push pier 9 or anti-push retaining wall in S4 is greater than the top width, and its center of gravity is biased towards the side of the cave dwelling to be retained through the trapezoidal cross section design to form an anti-overturning moment.

[0069] 2. In one embodiment of the present invention, the chiseling depth of the toothed joint interface 5 in S4 is not less than 1 / 4 of the original kiln leg width, and after chiseling, the interface is subjected to high-pressure water washing and interface roughening treatment to enhance the bonding force between the new and old concrete.

[0070] 3. In one embodiment of the present invention, during the demolition process, the depth of a single demolition shall not exceed 1.5 times the thickness of the cave arch, and the width of the stepped cross-section reserved after each demolition shall not be less than the width of a standard block. In step S4, when pouring the reinforced concrete anti-push pier 9 or anti-push retaining wall, self-compacting concrete or micro-expansion concrete shall be used to compensate for concrete shrinkage and ensure a tight fit with the toothed joint interface.

[0071] Working principle: Example 2 uses a three-stage progressive control system of support limiting, unloading and demolition, and reconstruction balance. First, the prestressed support system actively takes over the force transmission path of the preserved cave. Then, the original internal force of the arch system is released smoothly by unloading at the top and static layer-by-layer demolition. Finally, a new permanent balance structure is constructed by mechanical interlocking of toothed joints and eccentric anti-thrust pier 9. Combined with closed-loop control of the whole process monitoring, the safety protection and mechanical balance reconstruction of the preserved side structure under the asymmetric demolition condition of the arch stone cave is achieved.

[0072] It should be noted that: the above embodiments one and two are only used as examples of the asymmetric demolition of the continuous arch stone cave dwelling. The prestressed intervention support device and the full-time coordinated construction method of support limit-unloading demolition-reconstruction balance provided by the present invention are also applicable to the structural protection and mechanical balance reconstruction of other masonry continuous arch structures such as brick masonry continuous arch cave dwellings, stone masonry continuous arch bridges and culverts, and continuous arches of ancient city gates under the conditions of partial demolition or unilateral excavation.

[0073] The foregoing has only described certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention by way of illustration. Undoubtedly, those skilled in the art can modify the described embodiments in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the foregoing drawings and descriptions are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for asymmetric demolition and structural balance reconstruction of interconnected arch stone cave dwellings, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Current stress assessment and balance model establishment, conduct full life cycle stress analysis on the cave dwellings in the area to be demolished and the adjacent cave dwellings to be retained (7), calculate the original balanced horizontal thrust of the arch system, and assess the unbalanced horizontal thrust required to be borne by the exposed side of the cave dwelling after breaking the arch effect based on the top soil load. S2: Establish a temporary limiting and prestressed intervention support system, and erect a full-span support scaffold and steel arch frame (2) inside the cave dwelling (7) to be retained, wherein the curvature of the main rib of the steel arch frame (2) matches the curvature of the arch of the cave dwelling (7) to be retained; A clamping mechanism is set between the steel arch frame (2) and the cave arch. Prestress is applied through the clamping mechanism so that the temporary support can actively intervene in the force transmission path in advance to limit the unloading deformation of the cave stone body. A transverse through-wall tie member is installed at the arch foot of the cave dwelling (7) to resist the unbalanced horizontal thrust; S3: Top unloading and static demolition. The top layer of the cave to be demolished is unloaded and the top soil is removed. Then, static crushing or hydraulic crushing is used to carry out the demolition process starting from the arch, from the inside to the outside, from top to bottom, symmetrically layered and peeled off piece by piece, until a rough stepped cross section is formed at the adjacent kiln leg of the cave to be retained (7). S4: Construct a permanent anti-thrust balance structure. On the rough stepped cross-section formed in step S3, further refine the irregular toothed joint interface (5). An anchor bar (6) is inserted at the toothed joint interface (5) so that the original kiln leg cross section becomes part of the mechanical interlocking structure; Finally, relying on the original kiln leg foundation, a large volume of reinforced concrete anti-push pier (9) or anti-push retaining wall is poured, with its center of gravity set to be biased towards the side of the retained kiln, so as to permanently resist the unbalanced horizontal thrust. S5: Full-process monitoring. Starting from step S2, displacement and settlement monitoring points are arranged in the cave dwelling (7) to be retained. Deformation early warning thresholds are set, and the demolition progress of step S3 or the support strength of step S2 is adjusted in real time. After all construction procedures are completed and the structure is confirmed to be stable, the reconstruction construction is completed.

2. The method for asymmetric demolition and structural balance reconstruction of interconnected arch stone cave dwellings according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific process of applying prestress through the clamping mechanism in S2 includes: along the arc of the steel arch frame (2), an adjustable top support (3) and a wooden wedge block (4) are arranged in the arch top area. By adjusting the spiral lifting of the adjustable top support (3), the wooden wedge block (4) is pushed to clamp the stone body of the cave arch top, so as to realize the prestress intervention limit.

3. The method for asymmetric demolition and structural balance reconstruction of interconnected arch stone cave dwellings according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific process of top-layer unloading in S3 is as follows: along the depth direction of the cave to be demolished, the top soil is divided into several strips, and removed in layers by means of intermittent skipping; the thickness of each layer removed does not exceed 300mm, and the unloading height difference between adjacent strips does not exceed one layer.

4. The method for asymmetric demolition and structural balance reconstruction of interconnected arch stone cave dwellings according to claim 1, characterized in that, The toothed joint interface (5) in S4 is a vertically interlocking toothed structure, and the anchor bar (6) is a penetrating implant.

5. The method for asymmetric demolition and structural balance reconstruction of interconnected arch stone cave dwellings according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom width of the reinforced concrete anti-push pier (9) or anti-push retaining wall in S4 is greater than the top width.

6. A device for asymmetrical demolition and structural balance reconstruction of interconnected arch stone cave dwellings, used to implement the reconstruction method described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, include: The full-span scaffolding (1) has long channel steel pads (8) at the bottom of its uprights. The steel arch frame (2) is arranged along the arch surface of the cave dwelling (7) to be retained. It is composed of cold-formed steel main ribs, and its curvature matches the curvature of the arch of the cave dwelling (7) to be retained. The prestressing mechanism for the arch is arranged along the arc of the steel arch frame (2) and includes an adjustable top support (3) and a wooden wedge block (4). The arch foot lateral tension mechanism includes through-wall tie members, which are set across the arch feet on both sides of the bottom of the cave dwelling to be preserved (7); The monitoring system includes displacement and settlement sensors installed on the arch or sidewall of the kiln leg of the cave to be preserved (7) and a data acquisition and uploading module.

7. The asymmetric demolition and structural balance reconstruction device for interconnected arch stone cave dwellings according to claim 6, characterized in that, The adjustable top support (3) is a spiral jack, and is arranged at multiple points along the arch area. The wooden wedge pad (4) forms a flexible contact with the stone body of the cave arch when prestress is applied.

8. The asymmetric demolition and structural balance reconstruction device for interconnected arch stone cave dwellings according to claim 6, characterized in that, The through-wall tie members are through-wall high-strength tie bolts or transverse tension bars, which span and are tensioned between the arch feet on both sides of the bottom of the cave dwelling (7) to be retained.

9. The asymmetric demolition and structural balance reconstruction device for interconnected arch stone cave dwellings according to claim 6, characterized in that, The steel arch frame (2) is a segmented splicing structure.

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