A shock-absorbing isolation structure of a shock-resistant building

Abstract

The application provides a shock absorption and isolation structure of an anti-seismic building, relates to the field of green building shock absorption and isolation technology, and realizes three-stage self-adaptive shock absorption and isolation of small earthquake sliding energy dissipation, medium earthquake elastic energy dissipation and large earthquake friction energy dissipation by using the velocity sensitive characteristic of non-Newtonian liquid and the centrifugal friction mechanism of a strain damper, covering the protection requirement of all earthquake magnitudes. The bamboo joint sliding block cooperates with the disc spring shell to form vertical soft contact, avoids hard collision, the shock absorption spring provides horizontal elastic support, and the energy dissipation stability and structural reliability in the medium earthquake stage are enhanced. The scratchable layer on the rack surface cooperates with the wiper in the damping cavity, and can passively record the maximum displacement of the earthquake, so as to provide an intuitive basis for rapid and safe evaluation after the earthquake.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of green building vibration reduction and isolation technology, specifically to a vibration reduction and isolation structure for earthquake-resistant buildings. Background Technology

[0002] Green buildings are those that, throughout their entire life cycle, maximize resource conservation, environmental protection, and pollution reduction to provide people with healthy, suitable, and efficient living spaces. Green buildings place higher demands on the seismic performance of structures, especially during prefabricated construction, requiring a balance between temporary construction supports and permanent damping functions to reduce material consumption and waste. Simultaneously, green buildings require damping devices to be maintainable, replaceable, and recyclable to achieve greening throughout their entire life cycle.

[0003] In the field of seismic design, seismic isolation structures are used to isolate or dissipate seismic energy, thereby reducing the seismic response of building structures. Existing seismic isolation devices, such as laminated rubber bearings and friction pendulum bearings, typically rely on a single elastic deformation or friction mechanism for energy dissipation, limiting their adaptability to earthquakes of varying intensities. During minor earthquakes, it is desirable for seismic isolation structures to possess low horizontal stiffness and high sensitivity to effectively isolate vibrations; during major earthquakes, it is desirable for them to provide significant damping force to limit excessive displacement. Existing single-mechanism devices cannot simultaneously meet the graded energy dissipation requirements of minor, moderate, and major earthquakes, failing to provide effective protection for buildings across the entire magnitude range. Furthermore, after an earthquake, it is necessary to assess the maximum displacement experienced by the seismic isolation device to determine structural safety, but existing devices typically do not provide this displacement information directly.

[0004] Therefore, a seismic isolation and damping structure for earthquake-resistant buildings is disclosed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problems mentioned in the background art, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution: a seismic isolation structure for earthquake-resistant buildings, comprising at least one damping unit, the damping unit comprising an upper connecting plate, a lower connecting plate, a slider and a first elastic element, the slider being disposed between the upper connecting plate and the lower connecting plate, the first elastic element being supported between the slider and the lower connecting plate, the damping unit further comprising: a non-Newtonian liquid, filling the gap between the upper connecting plate and the slider; A sealing membrane, connected to the upper connecting plate and the slider, is used to seal non-Newtonian liquids within the gap. At least one strain damper, the strain damper comprising: The rack is fixedly connected to the slider; The damping cavity is slidably fitted onto the rack; The gear is rotatably disposed in the damping cavity and meshes with the rack; The frisbee is rotatably mounted within the damping cavity; The transmission mechanism connects the gears and the fly disk, allowing the rack to slide relative to the damping chamber, which in turn drives the fly disk to rotate through the gears and the transmission mechanism. At least one flying weight is movably mounted on the flying disc along the radial direction of the flying disc; The return spring is connected between the flyweight and the flying disc, and biases the flyweight towards the center of the flying disc; The flyweight and return spring are configured such that when the rotational speed of the fly disk exceeds a predetermined value, the flyweight moves outward under the action of centrifugal force to overcome the bias of the return spring and contact the inner wall of the damping cavity, so as to generate damping through the friction between the flyweight and the inner wall of the damping cavity.

[0006] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) This invention utilizes the velocity-sensitive characteristics of non-Newtonian fluids and the centrifugal friction mechanism of strain dampers to achieve three-level adaptive vibration reduction and isolation: slip energy dissipation in small earthquakes, elastic energy dissipation in moderate earthquakes, and friction energy dissipation in large earthquakes, covering the protection requirements of all earthquake magnitudes. The bamboo-shaped slider, in conjunction with the disc spring shell, forms a vertical soft contact to avoid hard collisions, while the damping spring provides horizontal elastic support, enhancing the energy dissipation stability and structural reliability during moderate earthquakes. The scrapable layer on the rack surface, in conjunction with the scraper inside the damping cavity, can passively record the maximum displacement of an earthquake, providing a direct basis for rapid post-earthquake safety assessment. When applied to green buildings, the vibration reduction unit also serves as a construction support during the construction phase, sharing the same device with the usage phase, eliminating the need for additional temporary support systems and reducing construction material consumption; a gradient deployment with different configurations is adopted according to the stress characteristics of each floor, optimizing material usage. The sealing membrane adopts a detachable connection, and the non-Newtonian fluid can be replaced as needed, extending the service life of the device; the metal parts are uniformly made of recyclable structural steel, and the non-Newtonian fluid is a water-based formula without heavy metals, achieving green vibration reduction.

[0007] Of course, any product implementing this invention does not necessarily need to achieve all of the above advantages at the same time. Attached Figure Description

[0008] Figure 1 This is an isometric view of the entire invention.

[0009] Figure 2 This is an isometric view of the damping unit of the present invention.

[0010] Figure 3 This is an isometric view of the damping cavity of the present invention.

[0011] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the shock absorption unit of the present invention.

[0012] In the diagram: 1. Shock absorber unit; 2. Upper connecting plate; 3. Lower connecting plate; 4. Slider; 41. Shock absorber spring; 5. Disc spring; 6. Non-Newtonian fluid; 61. Sealing membrane; 7. Strain damper; 71. Rack; 72. Damping cavity; 73. Gear; 74. Drive shaft; 75. Bevel gear; 76. Flying disc; 77. Flying weight; 78. Return spring; 79. Cover plate. Detailed Implementation

[0013] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0014] Please see Figures 1 to 4 This invention provides an earthquake-resistant, vibration-damping, and seismic isolation structure for green buildings, comprising at least one damping unit 1. The damping unit 1 has an upper connecting plate 2 at its top and a lower connecting plate 3 at its bottom, with a slider 4 installed between the upper and lower connecting plates 2 and 3. The slider 4 is bamboo-shaped, with a first opening at its top and a second opening at its bottom. The first opening is fitted onto the bottom end face of the upper connecting plate 2, with the bottom end face of the upper connecting plate 2 extending into the first opening. The second opening is fitted onto the top of a disc spring 5. The disc spring 5 includes a disc spring body and a housing. The housing covers the disc spring body, with its top positioned inside the second opening of the slider 4. The bottom of the disc spring body is supported on the top end face of the lower connecting plate 3, and the inner wall of the housing fits into the outer wall of the top end face of the lower connecting plate 3. This structure allows the disc spring 5 to be subjected to force in the vertical direction, forming a soft contact between the upper connecting plate 2 and the lower connecting plate 3, avoiding hard collisions between metal parts. Between the outer wall of the disc spring 5 housing and the inner wall of the second opening of the slider 4, a plurality of damping springs 41 are evenly distributed circumferentially, with the two ends of the damping springs 41 supported on the outer wall of the housing and the inner wall of the second opening of the slider 4, respectively.

[0015] A gap is left between the bottom end face of the upper connecting plate 2 and the inner bottom face of the first opening of the slider 4. This gap is located inside the first opening and is filled with a non-Newtonian liquid 6. A sealing film 61 is wrapped around the non-Newtonian liquid 6. The top of the sealing film 61 is fixedly connected to the outer peripheral surface of the upper connecting plate 2, and the bottom of the sealing film 61 is fixedly connected to the outer peripheral surface of the slider 4, thereby sealing the non-Newtonian liquid 6 within the gap.

[0016] At least one strain damper 7 is fixedly connected to the outer peripheral surface of the slider 4, preferably four to eight strain dampers 7. Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, each strain damper 7 includes a rack 71, one end of which is fixedly connected to the outer circumferential surface of the slider 4. A damping cavity 72 is slidably fitted onto the rack 71. The initial position of the damping cavity 72 is set in the middle of the rack 71, and an anti-disengagement component is provided at the outer end of the rack 71. The rack 71 passes through the damping cavity 72. A gear 73 is rotatably connected inside the damping cavity 72, and the gear 73 meshes with the rack 71. A drive shaft 74 is integrally connected to the middle of the gear 73, and bevel gears 75 are fixed at both ends of the drive shaft 74. A flying disc 76 is also rotatably connected inside the damping cavity 72. A toothed ring is provided on the flying disc 76 at the position corresponding to the bevel gear 75, and the bevel gear 75 meshes with the toothed ring. The aforementioned drive shaft 74, bevel gear 75, and gear ring together constitute a transmission mechanism, enabling the rack 71 to slide relative to the damping cavity 72, thereby driving the fly disc 76 to rotate through the gear 73, drive shaft 74, bevel gear 75, and gear ring in sequence.

[0017] Multiple weight slots are evenly distributed circumferentially on the outer circumferential surface of the flying disc 76. Each weight slot contains a weight 77, which can move radially within the slot. At least one return spring 78, a helical spring, is fixedly connected between the wall of the weight slot and the weight 77, biasing the weight 77 towards the center of the flying disc 76. A cover plate 79 is provided on the top of the damping cavity 72. A pivot is located in the middle of the lower surface of the cover plate 79. A hole is opened in the middle of the flying disc 76, and the pivot is inserted into the hole to form a hole-pipe fit, providing rotational support for the flying disc 76.

[0018] During operation, the upper structure is connected to the upper connecting plate 2, and the lower connecting plate 3 is fixed to the foundation. Under minor earthquakes, the non-Newtonian liquid 6 remains liquid, and the upper connecting plate 2 slides slightly relative to the slider 4, dissipating energy through the viscous shear of the non-Newtonian liquid 6. Under moderate earthquakes, the impact intensifies, and the non-Newtonian liquid 6 undergoes shear thickening under the impact, transforming into a near-solid state. The upper connecting plate 2 and the slider 4 are temporarily fixed together, and the slider 4 moves along with it, jointly compressing the disc spring 5 and the damping spring 41 downwards. The disc spring 5 provides elastic deformation in the vertical direction, and the damping spring 41 provides elastic support in the horizontal direction; both dissipate energy together. Under high earthquakes, the slider 4 generates a large-amplitude, high-speed motion, driving the rack 71 to reciprocate rapidly. The damping cavity 72 slides in the opposite direction relative to the rack 71 under inertia, and the gear 73 rolls and rotates at high speed on the rack 71, driving the fly disk 76 to rotate at high speed via the transmission shaft 74, bevel gear 75, and gear ring. When the rotational speed of the flying disc 76 exceeds a predetermined value, the centrifugal force on the flying weight 77 is greater than the centripetal biasing force applied by the return spring 78. The flying weight 77 moves outward along the flying weight groove and presses against the inner wall of the damping cavity 72, generating sliding friction between them. This converts vibration energy into heat energy, thereby providing strong damping force and limiting excessive structural displacement. After the vibration weakens, the rotational speed of the flying disc 76 decreases, and the flying weight 77 retracts under the action of the return spring 78, disengaging from the inner wall of the damping cavity 72.

[0019] By selecting the mass of the flyweight 77 and the elastic coefficient of the return spring 78, a predetermined rotational speed at which the flyweight 77 begins to contact the inner wall of the damping cavity 72 can be set to match different seismic fortification requirements.

[0020] In another preferred embodiment, a scrapable layer extending along the length of the rack 71 is provided on its surface. This scrapable layer can be a brittle paint layer or a soft metal coating. A scraper is fixed to the inner wall of the damping cavity 72, with the front end of the scraper abutting against the scrapable layer. The contact pressure between the two is very small, insufficient to generate a significant frictional force that hinders the sliding of the damping cavity 72. When an earthquake causes relative sliding between the rack 71 and the damping cavity 72, the scraper scrapes away the scrapable layer along its path, exposing the underlying material of the rack 71. As the damping cavity 72 slides back and forth multiple times during an earthquake, the length of the scraped area on the rack 71 will gradually increase, eventually corresponding to the maximum displacement reached by the side of the damping cavity 72 away from the slider 4. Post-earthquake inspectors can directly observe the length of the missing section of the scrapable layer on the rack 71 to intuitively understand the maximum horizontal displacement experienced by the damping unit 1 during the earthquake, providing a basis for structural safety assessment. The scrapable layer and scraper structure do not interfere with the normal sliding of the damping cavity 72 and do not affect the damping function of the damping unit 1.

[0021] Multiple damping units 1 can be arranged in an array at the bottom of the building to evenly bear the upper load and work together.

[0022] As another preferred embodiment, this embodiment provides a method for applying the above-mentioned vibration damping unit to green building construction, covering the construction stage to the use stage.

[0023] During the construction phase, the damping units also serve as construction supports. When the foundation slab is poured, damping units 1 are pre-embedded in a ring array along the foundation beams, and the lower connecting plate 3 is fixed to the foundation via pre-embedded anchor bolts. The upper connecting plate 2 extends upwards and temporarily connects to a reusable steel platform, serving as a resting surface and positioning reference for the hoisting of precast components. The construction load is a quasi-static, slow-loading condition; the non-Newtonian fluid 6 does not trigger shear thickening, and the damping units behave as low-stiffness sliding supports. When the precast components are hoisted into place, they can undergo slight horizontal sliding for self-centering, reducing the difficulty of precise positioning.

[0024] When an earthquake occurs during the construction phase, the damping unit automatically switches its response mode according to the magnitude. During minor earthquakes, the non-Newtonian fluid remains liquid, dissipating energy through viscosity and providing flexible buffer protection for unfinished sections. During moderate earthquakes, the non-Newtonian fluid undergoes shear thickening and transforms into a near-solid state, fixing the upper connecting plate and the slider together. This compresses the disc spring and damping spring, dissipating energy elastically, automatically switching from flexible support to rigid seismic resistance. During major earthquakes, the intense movement of the slider activates the strain damper, causing the disc to rotate at high speed. The weight moves outward under centrifugal force and rubs against the inner wall of the damping cavity, providing damping force equivalent to that of the completed building. The seismic protection during the construction phase and the operational phase share the same damping device, eliminating the need for a separate temporary support system and reducing the consumption of temporary construction materials.

[0025] Vertical gradient deployment is also adopted during the construction phase. Different configurations of damping units are used between floors during the building's construction. In the bottom reinforced zone, such as floors 1 to 3, each column node is equipped with a complete damping unit configuration, i.e., a complete structure including strain dampers. This serves as the main seismic resistance during construction and becomes a permanent isolation layer after completion. In the middle transition zone, such as floors 4 to 8, simplified damping units are installed every other column node. This simplified configuration includes non-Newtonian fluid, disc springs, and damping springs, but does not include strain dampers. It controls wind vibration during construction, and strain dampers can be added as needed after completion to upgrade to a complete configuration. The outer circumference of the slider has pre-reserved damper installation interfaces, supporting on-site welding-free installation. In the upper lightly loaded zone, such as floors 9 and above, only the corner critical nodes are equipped with the simplest configuration of damping units. This simplest configuration only includes a non-Newtonian fluid layer, which serves as a temporary limiting effect during construction and is retained as a daily micro-vibration control layer after completion, resisting low-amplitude, high-frequency excitations such as wind vibration and traffic vibration. The physical basis for the above-mentioned gradient deployment is that: during the construction process, the building's center of gravity shifts upward as the floors rise, the bottom bears the greatest overturning moment, and a complete three-level energy consumption mechanism is required; the upper part is mainly subjected to wind loads, and the non-Newtonian liquid viscosity energy consumption has met the requirements.

[0026] After the main structure is completed, the as-built conversion will be carried out. The reusable steel platform will be removed, and the upper connecting plate 2 of the foundation layer damping unit will be permanently fixed to the first floor slab; the damping unit in the middle transition zone will be upgraded to a complete configuration by adding strain dampers 7 as needed; the damping unit in the upper light load zone will be retained in its original position as a permanent micro-vibration control layer.

[0027] The damping unit in this embodiment also features compatibility with green building standards. The sealing membrane 61 uses a quick-release flange connection, allowing the non-Newtonian fluid to be replaced without removing the damping unit. The replacement cycle is 15 to 20 years, meaning it can be replaced 2 to 3 times within the building's 50-year lifespan, extending the device's lifespan and reducing construction waste. All metal components are made of structural steel and are recycled and remelted after disposal. The non-Newtonian fluid is a water-based shear-thickening fluid, formulated with silica nanoparticles dispersed in polyethylene glycol, free of heavy metals, and treated as general industrial waste after disposal. The reusable steel platform can be dismantled and reused for the next project, reducing temporary construction material consumption by approximately 60% compared to traditional wooden formwork temporary supports. These features make this damping and isolation structure meet the resource conservation and environmental protection requirements of green building.

[0028] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any equivalent modifications made based on the content of this specification, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A seismic isolation structure for earthquake-resistant buildings, comprising at least one damping unit (1), the damping unit (1) comprising an upper connecting plate (2), a lower connecting plate (3), a slider (4), and a first elastic element, the slider (4) being disposed between the upper connecting plate (2) and the lower connecting plate (3), and the first elastic element being supported between the slider (4) and the lower connecting plate (3), characterized in that: The shock absorption unit (1) further includes: a non-Newtonian liquid (6) filling the gap between the upper connecting plate (2) and the slider (4); A sealing membrane (61) is connected to the upper connecting plate (2) and the slider (4) to seal the non-Newtonian liquid (6) within the gap; At least one strain damper (7), said strain damper (7) comprising: The rack (71) is fixedly connected to the slider (4); The damping cavity (72) is slidably sleeved on the rack (71); The gear (73) is rotatably disposed in the damping cavity (72) and meshes with the rack (71); The frisbee (76) is rotatably disposed within the damping cavity (72); The transmission mechanism connects the gear (73) and the flying disc (76) so that the sliding of the rack (71) relative to the damping cavity (72) drives the flying disc (76) to rotate through the gear (73) and the transmission mechanism. At least one flying weight (77) is movably disposed on the flying disc (76) radially along the flying disc (76). A return spring (78) is connected between the fly weight (77) and the flying disc (76) and biases the fly weight (77) toward the center of the flying disc (76). The flyweight (77) and the return spring (78) are configured such that when the rotational speed of the fly disk (76) exceeds a predetermined value, the flyweight (77) moves outward under the action of centrifugal force to overcome the bias of the return spring (78) and contact the inner wall of the damping cavity (72) so as to generate damping through the friction between the flyweight (77) and the inner wall of the damping cavity (72).

2. The seismic isolation and damping structure for earthquake-resistant buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that, The slider (4) is bamboo-shaped, with a first opening at the top and a second opening at the bottom. The first opening is fitted onto the bottom end face of the upper connecting plate (2). The first elastic element is a disc spring (5), which includes a disc spring body and a shell. The shell covers the disc spring body, and the top of the shell is located inside the second opening. The bottom of the disc spring body is supported on the top end face of the lower connecting plate (3). The shock absorption unit (1) also includes multiple shock absorption springs (41), which are supported between the outer wall of the shell and the inner wall of the second opening.

3. The seismic isolation and damping structure for earthquake-resistant buildings according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The top of the sealing film (61) is fixedly connected to the outer peripheral surface of the upper connecting plate (2), and the bottom of the sealing film (61) is fixedly connected to the outer peripheral surface of the slider (4).

4. The seismic isolation and damping structure for earthquake-resistant buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that, At least four strain dampers (7) are fixedly connected to the outer peripheral surface of the slider (4).

5. The seismic isolation and damping structure for earthquake-resistant buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transmission mechanism includes a transmission shaft (74) fixed coaxially with the gear (73), a bevel gear (75) fixed on the transmission shaft (74), and a gear ring disposed on the flying disc (76), wherein the bevel gear (75) meshes with the gear ring.

6. The seismic isolation and damping structure for earthquake-resistant buildings according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that, The outer circumferential surface of the flying disc (76) is provided with a plurality of flying weight slots evenly distributed along the circumference, and each flying weight slot is provided with a flying weight (77). The return spring (78) is connected between the wall of the flying weight slot and the flying weight (77).

7. The seismic isolation and damping structure for earthquake-resistant buildings according to claim 6, characterized in that, The damping cavity (72) is provided with a cover plate (79) at the top, and a rotating shaft is provided on the lower surface of the cover plate (79). The flying disc (76) is provided with a hole in the middle, and the rotating shaft is inserted into the hole.

8. The seismic isolation and damping structure for earthquake-resistant buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that, The return spring (78) is a helical spring.

9. The seismic isolation and damping structure for earthquake-resistant buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that, It includes multiple of the aforementioned damping units (1).

10. The seismic isolation and damping structure for earthquake-resistant buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surface of the rack (71) is provided with a scrapable layer extending along its length direction, and the inner wall of the damping cavity (72) is provided with a scraper. The scraper abuts against the scrapable layer, so that when the damping cavity (72) slides relative to the rack (71), the scraper scrapes the scrapable layer to form a mark indicating displacement.

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