Adaptive deformation anti-wave multi-layer gradient wave energy power generation device and method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of self-adapting deformation anti-wave multi-level gradient wave energy power generation device and method, it is related to wave energy power generation technical field.The device includes ship cabin main body, support float, N level oscillating water column chamber, energy conversion system and control system, preferably N is 2 to 10, each level chamber is sequentially arranged in succession along wave propagation direction, barrier plate and support float and each level chamber bottom jointly form the tapering type closed wave field reconstruction waterway along wave propagation direction cross-sectional area gradually decreases, barrier plate surface is equipped with the water inlet of adjacent rear chamber of flow guide curved surface board, the air outlet hole of each level chamber top is connected to air output main pipeline by one-way valve and drives air turbine generator, air turbine generator is connected with the air inlet of each level chamber top by air input main pipeline and is communicated to realize two-way power generation, control system according to power generation power or air pressure control driving mechanism drives barrier plate rotation and adjusts the opening degree of wave-approaching mouth.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wave energy power generation technology, and in particular to an adaptive deformation-resistant oscillating water column type multi-level gradient wave energy power generation device and method. Background Technology

[0002] Wave energy, as an important form of renewable energy in the ocean, is characterized by high energy density and wide distribution. Oscillating water column (OWC) wave energy generation devices generate electricity by driving airflow through the up-and-down oscillation of waves in an air chamber to power a turbine. It is one of the most widely used wave energy conversion methods at present.

[0003] Chinese patent CN1168165792 discloses a multi-wave-focusing oscillating water column wave energy generation device array based on a focusing plate. This scheme improves energy capture efficiency by arranging multiple cylindrical oscillating water column devices in parallel and cooperating with a focusing plate. However, in this scheme, each device unit operates independently in parallel, and the same wave only acts on a single air chamber before dissipating, resulting in incomplete wave energy extraction. Furthermore, the lack of a series coupling design for wave field reconstruction channels between the devices makes it impossible to achieve step-by-step energy distribution and multiple captures.

[0004] A Chinese patent with publication number CN1099732852 discloses a dual-chamber wave energy device for an adjustable oscillating water column with a shore-based resonance mechanism. This design includes a front chamber and a rear chamber, with the width of the rear chamber adaptively adjustable under wave action. However, this design only contains two chambers and is a fixed shore-based structure, making multi-stage series energy capture impossible. Furthermore, the device lacks a gradually narrowing, closed-channel design with progressively decreasing cross-sectional area along the wave propagation direction, limiting wave energy transfer efficiency.

[0005] A Chinese patent, CN1190420652, discloses an oscillating water column wave energy conversion device that can adapt to wave conditions. This scheme adjusts the width of the air chamber by moving and rotating the front wall, so that the device's natural frequency matches the incident wave. However, this scheme is only a single-chamber structure and cannot capture multiple stages of the same wave; moreover, the device's adaptive adjustment is based on changes in the position of the front wall and lacks an active control system that uses power generation or air pressure as trigger parameters, thus failing to achieve wave protection through overall deformation under extreme sea conditions.

[0006] A Chinese patent with publication number CN120557073A discloses a multi-level gradient wave-harvesting power generation device with a dynamic wave-resistant structure. This design includes a multi-stage oscillating floating energy harvester and baffles, transferring energy via a differential hydraulic cylinder. However, this design uses an oscillating floating body as the energy harvester instead of an oscillating water column pneumatic turbine system, resulting in a different energy conversion path than this application; furthermore, it does not use a turbine system.

[0007] Existing technologies generally suffer from the following shortcomings: single-stage or limited-stage energy capture leads to incomplete wave energy extraction, while oscillating water column wave energy generation devices lack a gradually shrinking closed wave field reconstruction channel with a progressively decreasing cross-sectional area along the wave propagation direction, making it impossible to achieve multiple captures and cascaded energy distribution of the same wave; they lack an adaptive damping control system that uses power generation or air pressure as trigger parameters, making it impossible to dynamically adjust the opening of the wave-facing opening according to sea conditions; and they lack overall deformation and wave resistance capabilities under extreme sea conditions, resulting in insufficient device safety and reliability. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide an adaptive deformation wave-resistant multi-level gradient wave energy generation device to solve the following technical problems existing in the prior art: incomplete wave energy extraction due to single-level or limited-level energy capture; lack of a gradually shrinking closed wave field reconstruction channel with progressively decreasing cross-sectional area along the wave propagation direction, making it impossible to achieve multiple captures and cascaded energy distribution of the same wave; lack of an adaptive damping control system with power generation or air pressure as trigger parameters, making it impossible to dynamically adjust the opening of the wave-facing port according to sea conditions; and lack of overall deformation wave-resistant capability under extreme sea conditions, resulting in insufficient device safety and reliability.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a multi-level gradient wave energy generation device with adaptive deformation and wave resistance, characterized in that...

[0010] Includes a cabin body (1), which includes a fixed frame and a baffle plate (6);

[0011] The supporting floats include a first supporting float (111) and a second supporting float (112) located on both sides of the main body of the cabin (1);

[0012] The main body of the cabin (1) is provided with an oscillating water column chamber. The oscillating water column chamber is provided with an air inlet, an air outlet and a control valve. When the baffle plate (6) floats up to fit against the bottom of each level of chamber, a sealed hull is formed by the sealing element.

[0013] The oscillating water column chamber is provided in n stages, where n is greater than or equal to 2. Each stage of the chamber is arranged in series adjacent to each other along the wave propagation direction. The first stage oscillating water column chamber (41) is defined by the wave-facing partition wall (2) and the first partition wall (31).

[0014] The N-stage oscillating water column chambers are each defined by corresponding front and rear partition walls;

[0015] The upper end of the baffle plate (6) is hinged to the fixed frame by a bearing (10), and the lower end is a movable end. The baffle plate (6) serves as the rear wall of the last stage of the oscillating water column chamber. The baffle plate (6), together with the first support float (111), the second support float (112), and the bottom of each stage of the oscillating water column chamber, form a gradually shrinking closed wave field reconstruction waterway (8) with a cross-sectional area that gradually decreases along the wave propagation direction. The surface of the baffle plate (6) is provided with a guide curved panel that corresponds to each stage of the oscillating water column chamber. Each guide curved panel is raised vertically and points to the inlet of the adjacent rear upper chamber.

[0016] The two ends of the partition wall are fixedly connected to a first supporting float (111) and a second supporting float (112). The front wall of the first-stage oscillating water column chamber (41) at the frontmost end is a wave-facing partition wall (2), and its lower end forms a wave-facing opening at the water surface.

[0017] The energy conversion system includes air outlets at the top of each stage of the oscillating water column chamber, which are connected to the main air output pipe (14) via a one-way valve; and an air outlet turbine generator (16) connected to the main air output pipe (14).

[0018] The energy conversion system also includes air inlets at the top of each stage of the oscillating water column chamber. The air inlets are connected to the main air input pipe (18) via a one-way valve. The main air input pipe (18) is connected to the air intake turbine generator (17).

[0019] The energy conversion system also includes a high-pressure gas coupling buffer tank (15), which is connected in series between the air output main pipe (14) and the exhaust turbine generator (16).

[0020] The main body of the cabin (1) also includes a rear support and limiting wall (5), which is fixedly connected at both ends to a first supporting float (111) and a second supporting float (112) to limit the descent of the barrier plate (6).

[0021] A limiting and reinforcing beam is provided between the first supporting float (111) and the second supporting float (112). The limiting and reinforcing beam works with the baffle plate (6) to limit the descent of the baffle plate (6).

[0022] One end of the drag-reducing plate (11) is hinged to the lower rear of the barrier plate (6), and the other end of the drag-reducing plate (11) is connected to the lower part of the rear support and the limiting wall (5) by means of a slide, which is used to reduce the resistance of the platform to waves in the anti-wave mode.

[0023] The main body of the ship (1) is equipped with a propeller propulsion device (12) at the rear bottom.

[0024] The system also includes a control system, which includes a power sensor and a pressure sensor. The power sensor is connected to the exhaust turbine generator (16), and the pressure sensor is installed on the air output main pipe (14) or the high-pressure gas coupling buffer tank (15). The control system also includes a drive mechanism, which is a hydraulic cylinder or a motor. The drive mechanism is connected to the baffle plate (6) and is used to drive the baffle plate (6) to rotate around the bearing (10). When the power generation or pressure exceeds a set threshold, the control system controls the drive mechanism to drive the baffle plate (6) to rise; when the power generation or pressure is lower than the set threshold, the control mechanism controls the drive mechanism to drive the baffle plate (6) to fall.

[0025] The cross-sectional area ratio between two adjacent chambers is 1.2 to 2.

[0026] A wave energy generation method includes the following steps:

[0027] S1. Waves enter the first-stage oscillating water column chamber through the wave inlet. The rising water compresses the gas in the first-stage oscillating water column chamber. The compressed gas enters the main air output pipe through the air outlet channel.

[0028] S2. The compressed gas generates a downward reverse force, causing the water to fall back. Under the continuous push of the incident wave and its own inertia, the falling water moves backward along the gradually contracting wave field reconstructed waterway into the oscillating water column chamber.

[0029] S3. The water body then enters the second to Nth stage oscillating water column chambers in sequence, and steps S1 and S2 are repeated. The compressed gas output from each stage chamber is collected into the main air output pipe.

[0030] S4. The collected compressed gas enters the exhaust turbine generator to generate electricity;

[0031] S5. When the water in the chamber of each level of the oscillating water column drops, negative pressure is generated. Air is drawn in from the main air input pipe through the air intake channel, which drives the air intake turbine generator to generate electricity.

[0032] S6. The control system monitors the power generation of the exhaust turbine generator or the air pressure in the main air output pipe and coupling buffer tank. When the power generation or air pressure exceeds the set threshold, the control baffle rises to reduce the opening of the wave inlet; when the power generation or air pressure is lower than the set threshold, the control baffle falls to increase the opening of the wave inlet.

[0033] This method enables multi-stage series extraction and bidirectional power generation of wave energy. The adaptive control system dynamically adjusts the opening of the wave-facing opening according to the sea conditions, maximizing wave energy capture under normal sea conditions and achieving wave protection by reducing the opening of the wave-facing opening or overall deformation under extreme sea conditions.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0035] 1. By arranging N-stage oscillating water column chambers in series along the wave propagation direction, and combining this with a gradually narrowing closed wave field reconstruction channel whose cross-sectional area decreases progressively along the wave propagation direction, multiple captures and cascaded energy distribution of the same wave sequence are achieved. After the wave compresses the air in the first-stage oscillating water column chamber, the falling water moves backward along the gradually narrowing channel under the continuous propulsion of the incident wave and its own inertia, sequentially entering subsequent chambers to repeat the energy capture process. Compared with existing single-stage or finite-stage parallel energy capture schemes, the thoroughness of wave energy extraction is significantly improved, overcoming the shortcomings of existing technologies where the same wave sequence only acts on a single air chamber before dissipating and wave energy extraction is not thorough enough.

[0036] 2. By setting guide curved panels on the surface of the baffle plate that correspond one-to-one with each level of the chamber, each guide curved panel rises vertically upwards and points towards the inlet of the adjacent rear chamber. Combined with the front-wide, rear-narrow design of the gradually narrowing closed wave field reconstruction channel, a unique rearward exit path is provided for the receding water flow, maintaining its kinetic energy and forcing it to continue propagating backwards, thus achieving efficient wave energy transfer between each level of chamber. Compared to existing technologies that lack a series coupling design for the wave field reconstruction channel, this invention significantly improves wave energy transfer efficiency and the stability of multi-stage energy capture through the synergistic effect of the guide curved panels and the gradually narrowing channel.

[0037] 3. By monitoring the power output of the exhaust turbine generator or the air pressure in the air output main duct buffer through the control system, and using the power output or air pressure as trigger parameters, the drive mechanism is controlled to rotate the baffle plate around the bearing. This achieves adaptive damping control that dynamically adjusts the opening of the wave-facing opening according to sea conditions. When the power output or air pressure exceeds a set threshold, the baffle plate is controlled to rise to reduce the opening of the wave-facing opening; when the power output or air pressure is lower than the set threshold, the baffle plate is controlled to fall to increase the opening of the wave-facing opening. This overcomes the shortcomings of existing technologies that lack an active control system with power output or air pressure as trigger parameters and cannot dynamically adjust the opening of the wave-facing opening according to sea conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0038] Figure 1 This invention shows a schematic diagram of the internal cross-sectional structure of the adaptive deformation wave-resistant oscillating water column multi-level gradient wave energy generation device.

[0039] Figure 2 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the overall appearance of the device of the present invention is shown;

[0040] Figure 3 A three-dimensional perspective structural diagram of the internal chambers and water channels of the device of the present invention is shown;

[0041] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Main hull; 111. First supporting float; 112. Second supporting float; 2. Wave-facing partition wall; 31. First partition wall; 32. Second partition wall; 41. First-stage oscillating water column chamber; 42. Second-stage oscillating water column chamber; 5. Aft support and limiting wall; 6. Baffle plate; 71. First guide vane panel; 72. Second guide vane panel; 8. Wave field reconstruction channel; 91. First limiting and reinforcing crossbeam; 92. Second limiting and reinforcing crossbeam; 10. Bearing; 11. Drag-reducing plate; 12. Propeller propulsion device; 131. Air outlet of the first-stage oscillating water column chamber; 132. Air outlet of the second-stage oscillating water column chamber; 14. Main air output pipe; 15. High-pressure gas coupling buffer tank; 16. Outlet turbine generator; 17. Inlet turbine generator; 18. Main air input pipe; 191. Air inlet of the first-stage oscillating water column chamber; 192. Air inlet of the second-stage oscillating water column chamber. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. In the following embodiments, directional terms such as "front," "back," "up," and "down" are used only as relative geometric descriptions based on the accompanying drawings and are not exclusive restrictions on the actual installation and use direction.

[0043] Figure 1 The exhibition showcases the series arrangement of multi-stage oscillating water column chambers, the gradually contracting wave field reconstruction channel, the baffle plate and its guide curved panel, the gas path connection relationship of the energy conversion system, and the layout of the control system.

[0044] Figure 2 The device's streamlined shape, wider at the front and narrower at the back, the location of the wave-facing inlet, the layout of the supporting floats, and the distribution of the top air intake and exhaust ports are displayed.

[0045] Figure 3 It demonstrates the spatial three-dimensional arrangement of multi-stage oscillating water column chambers, the three-dimensional morphology of the gradually contracting wave field reconstructing water channel, and the path of wave energy cascade distribution.

[0046] The present application will now be described in further detail with reference to the embodiments.

[0047] Example 1

[0048] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, this embodiment provides an adaptive deformation wave-resistant oscillating water column type multi-level gradient wave energy power generation device, including a ship cabin body 1, a supporting float, an N-level oscillating water column chamber, an energy conversion system, and a control system.

[0049] The main body of the hull 1 includes a fixed frame and a baffle plate 6. The supporting floats include a first supporting float 111 and a second supporting float 112 located on both sides of the main body of the hull 1. The first supporting float 111 and the second supporting float 112 provide buoyancy for the platform and separate the inner and outer water bodies.

[0050] N-stage oscillating water column chambers are arranged in series adjacent to each other along the wave propagation direction. In this embodiment, N is 3. Each chamber is defined by a partition wall, specifically including a wave-facing partition wall 2, a first partition wall 31, and a second partition wall 32. The two ends of the wave-facing partition wall 2, the first partition wall 31, and the second partition wall 32 are fixedly connected to the first supporting float 111 and the second supporting float 112.

[0051] The first-stage oscillating water column chamber 41, located at the forefront, is enclosed by the wave-facing partition wall 2, the first partition wall 31, and the first and second supporting floats 111 and 112 on both sides. The lower end of the wave-facing partition wall 2 forms a wave-facing opening at the water surface, through which waves enter the first-stage oscillating water column chamber 41. The second-stage oscillating water column chamber 42 is enclosed by the first partition wall 31, the second partition wall 32, and the supporting floats on both sides. The third-stage chamber D3 is enclosed by the second partition wall 32, the baffle plate 6, and the supporting floats on both sides.

[0052] The oscillating water column chamber 41 is formed by the wave-facing partition wall 2, the first partition wall 31, and the two side supporting floats; the oscillating water column chamber 42 is formed by the first partition wall 31, the second partition wall 32, and the two side supporting floats. The remaining oscillating water column chambers are all formed by their respective partition walls and the two side supporting floats. The last oscillating water column chamber is formed by the last partition wall, the baffle plate 6, and the two side supporting floats.

[0053] The upper end of the baffle plate 6 is hinged to the fixed frame via a bearing 10, and the lower end is a movable end. The baffle plate 6 serves as the rear wall of the last stage of the oscillating water column chamber. The baffle plate 6, together with the first support float 111, the second support float 112, and the bottom of each stage of the oscillating water column chamber, form a gradually shrinking closed wave field reconstruction channel 8 with a cross-sectional area that gradually decreases along the wave propagation direction.

[0054] The surface of the baffle plate 6 is provided with guide curved panels corresponding to each stage of the oscillating water column chamber, specifically including a first guide curved panel 71, a second guide curved panel 72, and a third guide curved panel. Each guide curved panel rises vertically upwards, directly from the surface of the baffle plate 6. The first guide curved panel 71 points to the inlet of the second-stage oscillating water column chamber 42, the second guide curved panel 72 points to the inlet of the third-stage oscillating water column chamber, and so on, with each guide curved panel facing the inlet of the oscillating water column chamber above and behind it.

[0055] The energy conversion system includes an exhaust channel, an intake channel, an exhaust turbine generator 16, and an intake turbine generator 17. Each stage of the chamber has an exhaust port at its top. The first-stage oscillating water column chamber 41 has an exhaust port 131 at its top, the second-stage oscillating water column chamber 42 has an exhaust port 132 at its top, and the third-stage oscillating water column chamber has an exhaust port 133 at its top. Each exhaust port is connected to the main air output duct 14 via a one-way valve.

[0056] The main air output duct 14 collects the high-pressure gas from each chamber and then enters the high-pressure gas coupling buffer tank 15. The high-pressure gas coupling buffer tank 15 is connected in series between the main air output duct 14 and the exhaust turbine generator 16 to couple the gas pressure at different time points throughout the entire wavelength, enabling the exhaust turbine generator 16 to obtain a relatively stable gas pressure thrust. The compressed gas output from the high-pressure gas coupling buffer tank 15 enters the exhaust turbine generator 16, driving it to generate electricity.

[0057] Each stage of the oscillating water column chamber is equipped with an air inlet at its top. The first-stage oscillating water column chamber 41 has an air inlet 191, the second-stage oscillating water column chamber 42 has an air inlet 192, and the third-stage oscillating water column chamber has an air inlet 193. Each air inlet is connected to the main air input pipe 18 via a one-way valve. The main air input pipe 18 is connected to the intake turbine generator 17. When the water level in each stage of the oscillating water column chamber drops, a negative pressure is generated, drawing air in through the intake channel from the main air input pipe 18. The air then passes through the intake turbine generator 17 and enters each stage of the oscillating water column chamber, driving the intake turbine generator 17 to generate electricity.

[0058] The control system includes a power sensor, a pressure sensor, and a drive mechanism. The power sensor is connected to the exhaust turbine generator 16 to monitor its power output. The pressure sensor is located on the main air output duct 14 to monitor the air pressure within it. The drive mechanism is connected to the baffle plate 6 and drives it to rotate around the bearing 10. The drive mechanism is a hydraulic cylinder.

[0059] The working process of the device in this embodiment is as follows: Waves enter the first-stage oscillating water column chamber 41 from the wave inlet, and the water rises upward, compressing the air inside the first-stage oscillating water column chamber 41. The compressed air enters the main air output pipe 14 through the air outlet 131 of the first-stage oscillating water column chamber via a one-way valve. The compressed air generates a downward counterforce, causing the water to fall back. Under the continuous push of the incident waves and its own inertia, the falling water moves backward along the gradually contracting wave field reconstruction channel 8.

[0060] The receding water, guided by the first guide vane panel 71, enters the inlet of the second-stage oscillating water column chamber 42 vertically upwards. Upon entering the second-stage oscillating water column chamber 42, the water rises upwards, compressing the air within it. The compressed air passes through the air outlet 132 of the second-stage oscillating water column chamber and enters the main air output pipe 14 via a one-way valve. The water within the second-stage oscillating water column chamber 42 is propelled back by the compressed air and continues to move backwards under the continuous thrust of the incident waves and its own inertia.

[0061] Under the guidance of the second guide vane panel 72, the receding water enters the inlet of the third-stage oscillating water column chamber vertically upwards. After entering the third-stage oscillating water column chamber, the water rises upwards, compressing the air inside. The compressed air passes through the third-stage chamber outlet 133 and a one-way valve into the main air output pipe 14.

[0062] The compressed gas collected in the main air output pipe 14 enters the high-pressure gas coupling buffer tank 15. After being stabilized by the high-pressure gas coupling buffer tank 15, it enters the outlet turbine generator 16, which drives the outlet turbine generator 16 to generate electricity.

[0063] As the water level in each stage of the oscillating water column chamber drops, negative pressure is generated in each stage. This negative pressure draws in air through the air inlet and one-way valve via the main air input pipe 18. The air then passes through the intake turbine generator 17 and enters each stage of the chamber, driving the intake turbine generator 17 to generate electricity.

[0064] The control system monitors the power output of the exhaust turbine generator 16 using a power sensor and the air pressure in the main air output duct 14 using a pressure sensor. When the power output or air pressure exceeds a set threshold, the control system controls the drive mechanism to raise the baffle plate 6, reducing the opening of the wave inlet and decreasing the wave energy entering the wave field reconstruction channel 8. When the power output or air pressure is below the set threshold, the control system controls the drive mechanism to lower the baffle plate 6, increasing the opening of the wave inlet and increasing the wave energy entering the wave field reconstruction channel 8.

[0065] This embodiment achieves multiple captures and cascaded energy distribution of the same wave column through a three-stage oscillating water column chamber arranged in series, combined with a gradually narrowing closed wave field reconstruction channel 8. After the waves compress air in the first-stage oscillating water column chamber 41, the falling water moves backward along the gradually narrowing channel 8 under the continuous push of the incident waves and its own inertia, sequentially entering the second-stage and third-stage oscillating water column chambers, repeating the air compression process. The front-wide and rear-narrow design of the gradually narrowing wave field reconstruction channel 8 provides the only backward exit for the falling water flow, maintaining the kinetic energy of the water flow and forcing it to continue propagating backward.

[0066] The guide plate rises vertically upwards, pointing towards the inlet of the adjacent rear oscillating water column chamber. Combined with the front-wide and rear-narrow design of the gradually contracting wave field reconstruction channel 8, it provides a clear guiding path for the falling water flow, maintains the kinetic energy of the water flow and forces it to continue to propagate backwards, realizing the efficient transfer of wave energy between the various levels of oscillating water column chambers.

[0067] By configuring a dual-turbo system with an exhaust turbine generator 16 and an intake turbine generator 17, the positive pressure generated by the compression of gas in the chambers of each oscillating water column during wave rise is used to drive the exhaust turbine generator 16 to generate electricity, and the negative pressure generated by the drop of water in the chambers of each oscillating water column during wave fall is used to drive the intake turbine generator 17 to generate electricity. This achieves bidirectional power generation during both wave rise and fall, significantly improving the utilization efficiency and power generation of wave energy.

[0068] The control system uses power generation or air pressure as trigger parameters to control the drive mechanism to rotate the baffle plate 6 around the bearing 10, realizing adaptive damping control of dynamically adjusting the opening of the wave-facing opening according to sea conditions. When the power generation or air pressure exceeds the set threshold, the baffle plate 6 is controlled to rise to reduce the opening of the wave-facing opening; when the power generation or air pressure is lower than the set threshold, the baffle plate 6 is controlled to fall to increase the opening of the wave-facing opening, maximizing wave energy capture under normal sea conditions.

[0069] By configuring a dual-turbine system with an exhaust turbine generator and an intake turbine generator, the positive pressure generated by the compression of gas in each chamber during wave rise drives the exhaust turbine generator to generate electricity, and the negative pressure generated by the drop in water in each chamber during wave fall drives the intake turbine generator to generate electricity, thus achieving bidirectional power generation during both wave rise and fall. Compared to existing technologies that lack a dual-turbine system and cannot simultaneously utilize the positive pressure during wave rise and the negative pressure during wave fall for power generation, this invention significantly improves the utilization efficiency and power generation of wave energy.

[0070] Example 2

[0071] Based on Embodiment 1, this embodiment further includes a rear support and limiting wall 5 for the main body 1 of the cabin. The rear support and limiting wall 5 is fixedly connected at both ends to the first supporting float 111 and the second supporting float 112, used to limit the descent of the baffle plate 6. In addition to limiting the descent of the baffle plate 6, the rear support and limiting wall 5 also provides buoyancy support to the platform, enhancing the structural stability of the device.

[0072] A limiting and reinforcing crossbeam is provided between the first supporting float 111 and the second supporting float 112, specifically including a first limiting and reinforcing crossbeam 91, a second limiting and reinforcing crossbeam 92, and a third limiting and reinforcing crossbeam 93. The limiting and reinforcing crossbeam cooperates with the baffle plate 6 to limit the descent of the baffle plate 6. The limiting and reinforcing crossbeam is not only used to limit the descent of the baffle plate 6, but also to reinforce the attitude of the supporting floats, preventing the first supporting float 111 and the second supporting float 112 from undergoing excessive deformation under the action of waves.

[0073] A drag-reducing plate 11 is hinged to the lower end of the baffle plate 6. The other end of the drag-reducing plate 11 is equipped with a slider or pulley. A slide rail parallel to the supporting float is located below the rear support and the limiting wall 5, with the slider or pulley slidingly engaging with the slide rail. One end of the drag-reducing plate 11 is hinged to the baffle plate 6 via a hinged joint, and the other end is connected to the lower part of the rear support and the limiting wall 5 via a slide rail. When the baffle plate 6 rises, the drag-reducing plate 11 slides forward along the slide rail; when the baffle plate 6 descends, the drag-reducing plate 11 slides backward along the slide rail.

[0074] A propeller propulsion device 12 is installed at the bottom of the main body 1 of the hull. In power generation mode, the propeller propulsion device 12 is used to help adjust the platform to always face the direction of the waves, ensuring that the wave-facing opening can effectively capture wave energy. In anti-wave mode, in case of extreme sea conditions, the propeller propulsion device 12 can automatically navigate away from dangerous sea areas, improving the safety of the device.

[0075] The baffle plate 6 has an internal chamber containing an inlet, an outlet, and a control valve. The baffle plate 6 rises and falls by applying power through drainage, water injection, and a drive mechanism. Lowering the baffle plate 6 expands the wave-facing opening to capture more wave energy; raising the baffle plate 6 narrows the wave-facing opening to reduce overloaded wave energy.

[0076] When encountering severe sea conditions, the control system opens the drain outlets of the internal chambers of the baffle plate 6, emptying the water inside and causing the baffle plate 6 to float. Once the baffle plate 6 floats to a point where it is flush with the bottom of each stage of the oscillating water column chamber, a sealed hull is formed through the sealing elements. At this point, the entire platform transforms into a sealed, hollow, streamlined hull shape, achieving overall deformation and wave protection under extreme sea conditions. In wave-resistant mode, the drag-reducing plate 11 seals the gaps left after the baffle plate floats, reducing the platform's resistance to waves and mitigating the impact force on the device under extreme sea conditions.

[0077] Once the sea conditions return to normal, the control system opens the water inlet of the internal chamber of the baffle plate 6, injects water into the chamber, causes the baffle plate 6 to descend, and resumes the power generation mode.

[0078] By incorporating chambers with inlets, outlets, and control valves within the baffle plate, the baffle plate floats to the surface and adheres to the bottom of each chamber in extreme sea conditions, forming a sealed hull. This achieves overall deformation and wave resistance. After the baffle plate 6 floats, the entire platform transforms into a sealed, hollow, streamlined hull shape, significantly reducing the impact force on the device in extreme sea conditions. This overcomes the shortcomings of existing technologies, such as lack of overall deformation and wave resistance in extreme sea conditions, and insufficient device safety and reliability.

[0079] In this embodiment, the descent of the baffle plate 6 is limited by the rear support and limiting wall 5, and the limiting and reinforcing crossbeam, preventing excessive descent of the baffle plate 6 from affecting the structural stability of the device. The drag-reducing plate 11 reduces the platform's resistance to waves in wave-resistant mode, lowering the impact force on the device under extreme sea conditions. The propeller propulsion device 12 assists in adjusting the platform's orientation and navigating away from dangerous sea areas, improving the device's safety and flexibility. The drainage and water injection of the internal chambers of the baffle plate 6 achieves overall deformation wave-resistant protection, significantly reducing the impact force on the device under extreme sea conditions.

[0080] Example 3

[0081] This embodiment is based on Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2, where N is 4 in the N-stage oscillating water column chamber. The device includes a first-stage oscillating water column chamber 41, a second-stage oscillating water column chamber 42, a third-stage oscillating water column chamber, and a fourth-stage oscillating water column chamber. Each chamber is defined by a wave-facing partition wall 2, a first partition wall 31, a second partition wall 32, a third partition wall, and a baffle plate 6.

[0082] The cross-sectional area ratio of adjacent chambers is 1.5. The first-stage oscillating water column chamber 41 has the largest cross-sectional area, the second-stage oscillating water column chamber 42 has a cross-sectional area that is 1 / 1.5 of the first-stage chamber 41, the third-stage chamber D3 has a cross-sectional area that is 1 / 1.5 of the second-stage chamber 42, and the fourth-stage chamber D4 has a cross-sectional area that is 1 / 1.5 of the third-stage chamber D3. This ratio range ensures a reasonable gradient for the tapering channel 8, allowing wave energy to be effectively transferred between chambers and avoiding insufficient energy transfer due to an excessively small ratio or excessive energy loss due to an excessively large ratio.

[0083] The surface of the baffle plate 6 is provided with a first flow guide curved panel 71, a second flow guide curved panel 72, a third flow guide curved panel and a fourth flow guide curved panel, which correspond to the first-stage oscillating water column chamber 41, the second-stage oscillating water column chamber 42, the third-stage oscillating water column chamber and the fourth-stage oscillating water column chamber, respectively.

[0084] Each of the four oscillating water column chambers has an air outlet 131 at the top, an air outlet 132 at the top, an air outlet 133 at the top, and an air outlet 134 at the top. Each air outlet is connected to the main air output pipe 14 via a one-way valve. Each chamber also has an air inlet 191 at the top, an air inlet 192 at the top, an air inlet 193 at the top, and an air inlet 194 at the top. Each air inlet is connected to the main air input pipe 18 via a one-way valve.

[0085] After entering the first-stage oscillating water column chamber 41 from the wave inlet, the wave sequentially passes through the second-stage oscillating water column chamber 42, the third-stage oscillating water column chamber, and the fourth-stage oscillating water column chamber, achieving four captures of the same wave. The four chambers are arranged in series, and together with the tapered channel 8 and the guide curved panel, multiple captures and cascaded distribution of wave energy are achieved, further improving the thoroughness of wave energy extraction.

[0086] This embodiment uses a four-stage oscillating water column chamber arranged in series, which ensures thorough wave energy extraction while avoiding the increased manufacturing and maintenance costs associated with too many stages. The cross-sectional area ratio between adjacent chambers is 1.5, ensuring a reasonable gradient of the tapering water channel 8, allowing wave energy to be effectively transferred between each chamber.

[0087] It is understood that N in the N-stage oscillating water column chamber can be any integer between 2 and 10, preferably between 2 and 5. When N is 2, the device includes a first-stage oscillating water column chamber 41 and a second-stage oscillating water column chamber 42; when N is 5, the device includes a first-stage oscillating water column chamber 41, a second-stage oscillating water column chamber 42, a third-stage oscillating water column chamber, a fourth-stage oscillating water column chamber, and a fifth-stage oscillating water column chamber. The value of N is determined comprehensively based on actual sea conditions, wave energy distribution, and device manufacturing costs. Integers greater than 10 are also acceptable.

[0088] Understandably, the ratio of the cross-sectional areas of two adjacent chambers can be any value between 1.2 and 2. When the ratio is 1.2, the difference in cross-sectional areas between the two adjacent chambers is small, and the gradient of the tapering channel 8 is gentle; when the ratio is 2, the difference in cross-sectional areas between the two adjacent chambers is large, and the gradient of the tapering channel 8 is steep. The choice of ratio is determined based on the actual wave energy distribution and the requirements for device structural optimization.

[0089] Understandably, the drive mechanism can be a hydraulic cylinder or an electric motor. Hydraulic cylinders are characterized by high thrust and fast response, making them suitable for applications requiring large driving forces; electric motors are characterized by high control precision and easy maintenance, making them suitable for applications requiring precise control. The choice of drive mechanism is determined based on the actual application requirements and control precision requirements.

[0090] Understandably, the threshold values ​​set by the control system can be adjusted based on actual sea conditions, wave energy distribution, and power generation requirements. When the power output of the air-output turbine generator 16 continuously exceeds a certain percentage of its maximum power for a certain period of time, the control system triggers the baffle plate 6 to rise; when the power output of the air-output turbine generator 16 continuously falls below a certain percentage of its maximum power for a certain period of time, the control system triggers the baffle plate 6 to fall. When the gas pressure of the high-pressure gas coupling buffer tank 15 continuously exceeds a certain percentage of its maximum load for a certain period of time, the control system triggers the baffle plate 6 to rise; when the gas pressure of the high-pressure gas coupling buffer tank 15 continuously falls below a certain percentage of its maximum load for a certain period of time, the control system triggers the baffle plate 6 to fall.

[0091] Behind the wave-facing partition wall, a multi-level partition wall is set up, up to the nth partition wall; corresponding to the multi-level oscillating water column chamber, up to the nth oscillating water column chamber, and finally the rear support and limiting wall; the baffle plate is set with a flow guide curved panel, up to the nth flow guide curved panel; the reinforcing beam can be set with the nth limiting reinforcing beam; corresponding to the nth chamber air outlet and the nth chamber air inlet are respectively set.

[0092] Based on the above-described embodiments of the adaptive deformation wave-resistant multi-level gradient wave energy generation device, a wave energy generation method can be derived, comprising the following steps:

[0093] S1. The incident wave enters the first-stage oscillating water column chamber (41) from the wave-facing inlet at the lower end of the wave-facing partition wall 2. As the wave crest arrives, the water in the chamber rises with the wave surface, compressing the sealed gas at the top of the chamber and increasing the air pressure inside the chamber. The compressed gas overcomes the opening pressure of the one-way valve at the outlet and is output unidirectionally through the outlet channel, flowing into the main air output pipe 14. Due to the rectification effect of the one-way valve, the gas can only flow from the chamber to the main pipe, ensuring that the air output of each chamber is independent and does not backflow.

[0094] S2. As the trough of the wave arrives or the compressed gas exerts a downward counterforce on the water surface, the water in the first-stage oscillating water column chamber falls back. The falling water does not dissipate outward at the wave inlet, but instead, under the combined action of the continuous thrust of subsequent incident waves and the water's own inertia, moves backward along the gradually narrowing, enclosed wave field reconstruction channel 8 formed by the baffle plate 6 and the bottom of each stage of the chamber. The cross-sectional area of ​​this channel gradually decreases along the wave propagation direction, forming a "wide at the front and narrow at the back" narrowing channel, forcing the water flow to accelerate and maintain kinetic energy. The surface of the baffle plate 6 is equipped with guide curved panels corresponding to each stage of the chamber. Each guide curved panel bulges upward in the vertical direction, precisely pointing to the inlet of the adjacent rear chamber, providing a unique backward guide path for the falling water flow, ensuring that the water's kinetic energy is efficiently transferred to the next stage of the chamber.

[0095] S3. After being guided by the gradually contracting wave field reconstruction channel, the water body moves backward and sequentially enters the second-stage oscillating water column chamber 42 to the Nth-stage oscillating water column chamber. Each chamber repeats the energy capture process of steps S1 and S2: the rising water compresses the gas within the chamber, and the compressed gas is output unidirectionally to the main air output pipe 14 through its respective outlet and one-way valve. After the water body falls back, it is transmitted to the next stage along the gradually contracting channel. In this way, the same series of projected waves are captured sequentially by multiple chambers, achieving a step-by-step distribution and multiple capture of wave energy. The compressed gas output from each chamber converges and superimposes in the main air output pipe 14, forming a continuous and stable high-pressure airflow. Preferably, the cross-sectional area ratio between adjacent chambers is 1.2 to 2 to ensure reasonable distribution and efficient capture of wave energy by each chamber.

[0096] S4. The compressed gas output from each stage of the chambers is collected in the main air output pipe 14 and then enters the high-pressure gas coupling buffer tank 15, which is connected in series between the main pipe and the exhaust turbine generator 16. The coupling buffer tank 15 plays a role in gas pressure buffering and equalization, smoothing the intermittent pulse airflow output from each stage of the chambers into a more stable continuous airflow, thereby driving the exhaust turbine generator 16 to rotate and generate electricity efficiently and smoothly, significantly improving the power generation quality and turbine life.

[0097] S5. When the water in each stage of the oscillating water column chamber descends with the wave trough, the volume of the sealed space at the top of the chamber increases, creating negative pressure. This negative pressure draws in outside air from the main air input pipe 18 through the air inlet holes and corresponding one-way valves at the top of each stage of the chamber. The drawn-in airflow, driven by the negative pressure, flows through the intake turbine generator 17, causing it to rotate and generate electricity. Thus, the device can drive the turbine generator to generate electricity during both the rising (exhausting) and falling (intake) half-cycles of the wave, achieving bidirectional power generation and significantly improving the overall power generation efficiency of the device.

[0098] S6. The control system monitors the power generation of the exhaust turbine generator or the air pressure in the main air output pipe and coupling buffer tank. When the power generation or air pressure exceeds the set threshold, the control baffle rises to reduce the opening of the wave inlet; when the power generation or air pressure is lower than the set threshold, the control baffle falls to increase the opening of the wave inlet.

[0099] The technical solution of this invention achieves efficient, stable, and safe capture of wave energy. In the energy capture architecture, N-stage oscillating water column chambers are arranged in series along the wave propagation direction. Combined with a gradually narrowing closed wave field reconstruction channel with progressively decreasing cross-sectional area, the same series of waves can be captured multiple times and energy can be cascaded and distributed. After the wave completes compression work in the first-stage chamber, the falling water moves backward along the narrowing channel under the continuous push of the incident wave and its own inertia, and enters each subsequent oscillating water column chamber in sequence to repeatedly capture energy. This fundamentally overcomes the defects of existing single-stage or finite-stage parallel schemes, where the same series of waves dissipates after acting on a single air chamber, resulting in incomplete wave energy extraction. To ensure efficient energy transfer between the various chambers, the device features guide curved panels on the surface of the baffle plate, each corresponding to a different oscillating water column chamber. Each curved panel rises vertically upwards, pointing towards the inlet of the adjacent rear oscillating water column chamber. This works in conjunction with the front-wide, rear-narrow configuration of the converging water channel to provide a unique rearward exit for the receding water flow, maintaining the kinetic energy of the water and forcing it to propagate continuously backwards. This significantly improves wave energy transfer efficiency and the stability of multi-stage energy capture, overcoming the shortcomings of existing technologies that lack series-coupled guide design. At the operational control level, the control system monitors the power output of the exhaust turbine generator or the air pressure in the main air output duct in real time. Using these parameters as triggers, the baffle plate rotates around the bearing, dynamically adjusting the opening of the wave-facing opening: when the power or air pressure exceeds a set threshold, the baffle plate rises to narrow the wave-facing opening; when it falls below the threshold, it descends to widen the opening, thus achieving adaptive damping control. This overcomes the shortcomings of existing technologies that lack an active control system with power output or air pressure as trigger parameters, making them unable to respond to changes in sea state. To address safety concerns under extreme sea conditions, the baffle plate incorporates chambers with inlets, outlets, and control valves. When extreme conditions are triggered, the chambers are emptied, causing the baffle plate to float upwards and fit snugly against the bottom of each stage of the oscillating water column chambers, forming a sealed, streamlined hull. This allows for overall deformation and wave resistance, significantly reducing the impact of extreme waves and resolving the safety and reliability issues of existing technologies in harsh sea conditions. Regarding power generation efficiency, the device employs a dual-turbine system: when waves rise, the gas in each stage of the chambers is pressurized, creating positive pressure that drives the outlet turbine generator; when waves fall, the water in the oscillating water column chambers falls, creating negative pressure that drives the inlet turbine generator. This enables continuous bidirectional power generation throughout the entire wave rise and fall process. Compared to existing single-turbine solutions that only utilize unidirectional airflow, both wave energy utilization efficiency and total power generation are significantly improved.

[0100] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-level gradient wave energy generation device with adaptive deformation and wave resistance, characterized in that, Includes a cabin body (1), which includes a fixed frame and a baffle plate (6); The supporting floats include a first supporting float (111) and a second supporting float (112) located on both sides of the main body of the cabin (1); The main body of the cabin (1) is provided with an oscillating water column chamber. The oscillating water column chamber is provided with an air inlet, an air outlet and a control valve. When the baffle plate (6) floats up to fit against the bottom of each level of chamber, a sealed hull is formed by the sealing element. The oscillating water column chamber is provided in n stages, where n is greater than or equal to 2. Each stage of the chamber is arranged in series adjacent to each other along the wave propagation direction. The first stage oscillating water column chamber (41) is defined by the wave-facing partition wall (2) and the first partition wall (31). The N-stage oscillating water column chambers are each defined by corresponding front and rear partition walls; The upper end of the baffle plate (6) is hinged to the fixed frame by a bearing (10), and the lower end is a movable end. The baffle plate (6) serves as the rear wall of the last stage of the oscillating water column chamber. The baffle plate (6), together with the first support float (111), the second support float (112), and the bottom of each stage of the oscillating water column chamber, form a gradually shrinking closed wave field reconstruction waterway (8) with a cross-sectional area that gradually decreases along the wave propagation direction. The surface of the baffle plate (6) is provided with a guide curved panel that corresponds to each stage of the oscillating water column chamber. Each guide curved panel is raised vertically and points to the inlet of the adjacent rear upper chamber. The two ends of the partition wall are fixedly connected to a first supporting float (111) and a second supporting float (112). The front wall of the first-stage oscillating water column chamber (41) at the frontmost end is a wave-facing partition wall (2), and its lower end forms a wave-facing opening at the water surface. The energy conversion system includes air outlets at the top of each stage of the oscillating water column chamber, which are connected to the main air output pipe (14) via a one-way valve; and an air outlet turbine generator (16) connected to the main air output pipe (14).

2. The adaptive deformation wave-resistant multi-level gradient wave energy generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy conversion system also includes air inlets at the top of each stage of the oscillating water column chamber. The air inlets are connected to the main air input pipe (18) via a one-way valve. The main air input pipe (18) is connected to the air intake turbine generator (17).

3. The adaptive deformation wave-resistant multi-level gradient wave energy generation device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The energy conversion system also includes a high-pressure gas coupling buffer tank (15), which is connected in series between the air output main pipe (14) and the exhaust turbine generator (16).

4. The adaptive deformation wave-resistant multi-level gradient wave energy generation device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The main body of the cabin (1) also includes a rear support and limiting wall (5), which is fixedly connected at both ends to a first supporting float (111) and a second supporting float (112) to limit the descent of the barrier plate (6).

5. The adaptive deformation wave-resistant multi-level gradient wave energy generation device according to claim 4, characterized in that, A limiting and reinforcing beam is provided between the first supporting float (111) and the second supporting float (112). The limiting and reinforcing beam works with the baffle plate (6) to limit the descent of the baffle plate (6).

6. The adaptive deformation wave-resistant multi-level gradient wave energy generation device according to claim 5, characterized in that, One end of the drag-reducing plate (11) is hinged to the lower rear of the barrier plate (6), and the other end of the drag-reducing plate (11) is connected to the lower part of the rear support and the limiting wall (5) by means of a slide, which is used to reduce the resistance of the platform to waves in the anti-wave mode.

7. The adaptive deformation wave-resistant multi-level gradient wave energy generation device according to any one of claims 6, characterized in that, The main body of the ship (1) is equipped with a propeller propulsion device (12) at the rear bottom.

8. The adaptive deformation wave-resistant multi-level gradient wave energy generation device according to claim 7, characterized in that... The system includes a control system, which includes a power sensor and a pressure sensor. The power sensor is connected to the exhaust turbine generator (16), and the pressure sensor is installed on the air output main pipe (14) or the high-pressure gas coupling buffer tank (15). The control system also includes a drive mechanism, which is a hydraulic cylinder or a motor. The drive mechanism is connected to a baffle plate (6) and is used to drive the baffle plate (6) to rotate around the bearing (10). When the power generation or pressure exceeds a set threshold, the control system controls the drive mechanism to drive the baffle plate (6) to rise; when the power generation or pressure is lower than the set threshold, the control mechanism controls the drive mechanism to drive the baffle plate (6) to fall.

9. The adaptive deformation wave-resistant multi-level gradient wave energy generation device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The cross-sectional area ratio between two adjacent chambers is 1.2 to 2.

10. A wave energy generation method, based on the adaptive deformation wave-resistant multi-level gradient wave energy generation device according to any one of claims 2 to 9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Waves enter the first-stage oscillating water column chamber through the wave inlet. The rising water compresses the gas in the first-stage oscillating water column chamber. The compressed gas enters the main air output pipe through the air outlet channel. S2. The compressed gas generates a downward reverse force, causing the water to fall back. Under the continuous push of the incident wave and its own inertia, the falling water moves backward along the gradually contracting wave field reconstructed waterway into the oscillating water column chamber. S3. The water body then enters the second to Nth stage oscillating water column chambers in sequence, and steps S1 and S2 are repeated. The compressed gas output from each stage chamber is collected into the main air output pipe. S4. The collected compressed gas enters the exhaust turbine generator to generate electricity; S5. When the water in the chamber of each level of the oscillating water column drops, negative pressure is generated. Air is drawn in from the main air input pipe through the air intake channel, which drives the air intake turbine generator to generate electricity. S6. The control system monitors the power generation of the exhaust turbine generator or the air pressure in the main air output pipe and coupling buffer tank. When the power generation or air pressure exceeds the set threshold, the control baffle rises to reduce the opening of the wave inlet; when the power generation or air pressure is lower than the set threshold, the control baffle falls to increase the opening of the wave inlet.

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