A low-carbon dynamic discharge control method for rainwater accumulation of a natural gas well

Abstract

The present application provides a kind of natural gas well rainwater accumulation low carbon dynamic discharge control method, it is related to low carbon emission technical field, the method of the present application includes: obtaining the state parameter of natural gas well rainwater accumulation;Respectively determine the risk level of accumulation, the available degree of energy storage, the input degree of solar energy, the temperature safety degree, the health status of drainage pump and low carbon feasibility;According to the risk level of accumulation, the available degree of energy storage, the input degree of solar energy, the temperature safety degree, the health status of drainage pump and low carbon feasibility, generate multi-parameter joint decision score;According to multi-parameter joint decision score, rainwater accumulation liquid level, energy storage battery remaining power, drainage pump health status and continuous drainage duration, generate drainage control instruction, and drainage control instruction includes stop drainage, normal drainage and time-limited emergency drainage.The present application replaces single liquid level control by multi-parameter joint decision, can realize the low carbonization and intelligentization collaborative control of drainage process while guaranteeing the safety of accumulation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of low-carbon emission technology, specifically to a low-carbon dynamic emission control method for rainwater accumulation in natural gas wells. Background Technology

[0002] Natural gas well sites are typically located in remote areas, and their rainwater drainage systems often use photovoltaic energy storage to power the drainage pumps. Current drainage control methods generally rely solely on a single liquid level signal to control the pump's start and stop; that is, the pump starts when the water level reaches a preset threshold and shuts off when the level drops to a stop threshold, resulting in a relatively simple control logic. With the increasing application of photovoltaic energy storage in natural gas well sites, some solutions have begun to incorporate battery capacity into drainage decisions. However, the overall approach still follows the core "start and stop when liquid level is reached" control concept, lacking a systematic assessment of the energy structure, equipment conditions, and environmental factors involved in drainage operations.

[0003] However, the aforementioned existing technologies have the following technical problems: First, the existing technologies do not incorporate the differences in carbon emission coefficients of different energy sources (photovoltaic power generation, energy storage batteries, auxiliary power supply) into the decision-making process, and cannot identify and utilize the low-carbon emission periods when photovoltaic power is abundant for drainage, which is inconsistent with the national requirements for low-carbon operation and maintenance; Second, the existing solutions only focus on the existing battery power and do not consider the dynamic trend of solar charging power, which may lead to the waste of photovoltaic clean energy and may also cause the risk of power loss and shutdown during drainage due to ignoring the trend of sudden decrease in solar power; Third, the existing technologies lack real-time diagnosis and protection logic for abnormal operating conditions such as idling, blockage, and freezing of drainage pumps, which can easily lead to equipment damage; Fourth, in emergency situations with high liquid levels, the existing logic lacks a refined emergency drainage strategy that can take into account both the elimination of water accumulation hazards and the preservation of minimum power, either refusing to start due to insufficient power or forcibly draining until the power is exhausted, affecting subsequent communication and monitoring functions. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems in related technologies, this invention provides a low-carbon dynamic emission control method for rainwater accumulation in natural gas wells. Specifically, this invention generates drainage control commands through joint decision-making based on multiple parameters, including liquid level, remaining battery power, solar charging power, ambient temperature, drainage pump operating current, water discharge status, and carbon emission factor per unit drainage, thereby achieving low-carbon, safe, and dynamic drainage.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A method for controlling low-carbon dynamic emissions from rainwater accumulation in natural gas wells includes the following steps:

[0007] The status parameters of rainwater accumulation in natural gas wells are obtained, including rainwater level, remaining power of energy storage battery, solar charging power, ambient temperature, drainage pump operating current, water discharge status, and carbon emission factor per unit of drainage.

[0008] The water accumulation risk level is determined based on the rainwater level, the energy storage availability is determined based on the remaining power of the energy storage battery, the solar energy input level is determined based on the solar charging power, the temperature safety level is determined based on the ambient temperature, the health status of the drainage pump is determined based on the operating current of the drainage pump and the water discharge status, and the low-carbon feasibility is determined based on the unit drainage carbon emission factor.

[0009] A multi-parameter joint decision score is generated based on the water accumulation risk level, the energy storage availability, the solar energy input level, the temperature safety level, the drainage pump health status, and the low-carbon feasibility.

[0010] Based on the multi-parameter joint decision score, the rainwater level, the remaining power of the energy storage battery, the health status of the drainage pump, and the continuous drainage duration, a drainage control command is generated. The drainage control command includes stopping drainage, normal drainage, and time-limited emergency drainage.

[0011] Optionally, the water accumulation risk level Determined in the following manner:

[0012] When the rainwater level is lower than the warning level, the flooding risk level is 0;

[0013] When the rainwater level is greater than or equal to the warning level but lower than the activation level, the flooding risk level is determined by the formula. Calculate, where, For the first Rainwater level at each sampling time To provide early warning of liquid level, To start the liquid level;

[0014] When the rainwater level is greater than or equal to the activation level but lower than the high-risk level, the water accumulation risk level is determined by the formula. ,in, This is a high-risk liquid level;

[0015] When the rainwater level is greater than or equal to the high-risk level, the water accumulation risk level is 2.

[0016] Optionally, the energy storage availability Determined in the following manner:

[0017] When the remaining power of the energy storage battery is lower than the minimum protection power, the energy storage availability is 0.

[0018] When the remaining charge of the energy storage battery is greater than or equal to the minimum protection charge and lower than the normal drainage allowable charge, the energy storage availability is determined according to the formula. ,in, For the first The remaining power of the energy storage battery at each sampling time. To minimize the protection charge, The allowable power consumption for normal drainage;

[0019] When the remaining charge of the energy storage battery is greater than or equal to the normal drainage allowable charge, the energy storage availability level is 1.

[0020] Optionally, the solar energy input level is calculated using the following formula:

[0021]

[0022] In the formula, Given the current level of solar energy input, For the current solar charging power, This refers to the rated power of the drainage pump.

[0023] Optionally, the temperature safety level is determined in the following manner:

[0024] When the ambient temperature is lower than the antifreeze protection temperature, the temperature safety level is 0;

[0025] When the ambient temperature is greater than or equal to the antifreeze protection temperature but lower than the safe drainage temperature, the temperature safety level is determined according to the formula. Calculate, where, For the first The ambient temperature at each sampling time To prevent freezing and maintain temperature, For safe drainage temperature;

[0026] When the ambient temperature is greater than or equal to the safe drainage temperature, the temperature safety level is 1.

[0027] Optionally, the steps for determining the health status of the drain pump specifically include:

[0028] The current status is determined based on the operating current of the drainage pump: when the operating current of the drainage pump is less than the no-load current threshold, the current status is abnormal; when the operating current of the drainage pump is greater than or equal to the no-load current threshold and less than or equal to the stall current threshold, the current status is normal; when the operating current of the drainage pump is greater than the stall current threshold, the current status is abnormal.

[0029] The validity of water discharge is determined based on the water discharge status: when the water flow rate is less than the minimum effective water flow rate, the water discharge status is invalid; when the water flow rate is greater than or equal to the minimum effective water flow rate, the water discharge status is valid.

[0030] When the current status is normal and the water discharge status is valid, the drainage pump is in a healthy state; otherwise, the drainage pump is in an abnormal state.

[0031] Optionally, the unit wastewater carbon emission factor Calculate using the following formula:

[0032]

[0033] In the formula, To power the battery Carbon emission coefficient for battery power supply To assist in energy supply, To assist in the carbon emission factor of energy supply, Powered by solar energy The emission reduction coefficient for solar energy supply. For drainage volume, To prevent division by zero constant;

[0034] The low-carbon feasibility is determined in the following manner:

[0035] When the carbon emission factor per unit of wastewater is less than or equal to the recommended low-carbon wastewater threshold, the low-carbon feasibility is 1;

[0036] When the carbon emission factor per unit of wastewater is greater than the recommended low-carbon wastewater threshold but less than the maximum per-unit wastewater carbon emission threshold, the low-carbon feasibility is determined by the formula... ,in, The current unit of wastewater carbon emission factor, To allow the highest per unit of wastewater carbon emission threshold, Recommended low-carbon wastewater threshold;

[0037] When the carbon emission factor per unit of wastewater is greater than or equal to the maximum per unit of wastewater carbon emission threshold, the low-carbon feasibility is 0.

[0038] Optionally, the multi-parameter joint decision scoring Calculate using the following formula:

[0039]

[0040] In the formula, The risk level is determined by water accumulation. For the availability of energy storage, As for the level of solar energy input, For temperature safety, For the drainage pump to be in good health, For low-carbon feasibility, , , , , , These are the weighting coefficients for each factor, and the sum of all weighting coefficients is 1, with each weighting coefficient being greater than or equal to 0.

[0041] Optionally, the step of generating drainage control instructions includes normal drainage control, drainage stop control, and time-limited emergency drainage control:

[0042] The normal drainage control is as follows: when the water accumulation risk level reaches or exceeds the activation risk level, the energy storage availability is greater than 0, the temperature safety level is greater than 0, the drainage pump health status is healthy, and the multi-parameter joint decision score is greater than or equal to the activation score threshold, a normal drainage command is generated.

[0043] The stop drainage control is as follows: when the rainwater level is lower than the stop level threshold, or the remaining power of the energy storage battery is lower than the minimum protection power, or the health status of the drainage pump is abnormal, or the continuous drainage time exceeds the maximum continuous drainage time, a stop drainage command is generated.

[0044] The time-limited emergency drainage control is as follows: when the rainwater level is greater than or equal to the high-risk level, the remaining power of the energy storage battery is greater than or equal to the minimum power for emergency drainage, the drainage pump is in a healthy state, and the duration of a single emergency drainage does not exceed the maximum duration of a single emergency drainage, a time-limited emergency drainage command is generated.

[0045] Optionally, when the rainwater level is below the high-risk level, a low-carbon priority drainage window selection step is also included:

[0046] Within the forecast time window, based on the solar energy input level, energy storage availability, carbon emission factor per unit of wastewater, and freezing risk at the forecast time, according to the formula... Calculate the low-carbon wastewater priority score for each prediction time point, where, To predict the level of solar energy input at a given time, To predict the availability of energy storage at any given time, The carbon emission factor per unit of wastewater at the predicted time. To predict the risk of freezing at any given moment, , , , This is the adjustment coefficient;

[0047] The time with the highest low-carbon drainage priority score within the predicted time window is selected as the preferred drainage start time.

[0048] When the preferred drainage start time is reached at the current moment, normal drainage is performed; if the rainwater level rises to a level greater than or equal to the high-risk level during the waiting period, time-limited emergency drainage is immediately performed.

[0049] The freezing risk is determined based on the lowest ambient temperature within the predicted time and subsequent preset time period: when the lowest ambient temperature is greater than or equal to the safe drainage temperature, the freezing risk is 0; when the lowest ambient temperature is greater than or equal to the antifreeze protection temperature but lower than the safe drainage temperature, the freezing risk is determined according to the formula... Calculate, where, For the predicted time and the minimum ambient temperature for the subsequent preset time, For safe drainage temperature, The minimum ambient temperature is the antifreeze protection temperature; when the minimum ambient temperature is lower than the antifreeze protection temperature, the freezing risk is 1.

[0050] Beneficial effects:

[0051] 1. First, this invention breaks through the traditional mechanical control paradigm triggered by a single liquid level threshold. By simultaneously acquiring seven types of state parameters, including rainwater accumulation level, remaining energy storage battery power, solar charging power, ambient temperature, drainage pump operating current, water discharge status, and unit drainage carbon emission factor, and quantifying them into water accumulation risk level, energy storage availability, solar energy input level, temperature safety level, drainage pump health status, and low-carbon feasibility, the drainage control system can possess comprehensive situational awareness capabilities covering safety, energy, equipment, environment, and carbon emissions, fundamentally solving the problem of missing information dimensions in single liquid level control.

[0052] Secondly, this invention enables proactive low-carbon management of the drainage process. Specifically, by constructing a unit drainage carbon emission factor calculation formula that includes battery power supply, auxiliary power supply, solar power supply, and the corresponding carbon emission / emission reduction coefficients for each energy source, this invention quantifies the carbon emission intensity of drainage operations into a continuous indicator that can be used in real-time decision-making, and incorporates it into a comprehensive scoring system through a low-carbon feasibility function. This allows the system to autonomously identify periods with sufficient photovoltaic power and prioritize drainage during those windows, while proactively suppressing drainage impulses during high-carbon periods. This invention integrates carbon emission constraints into the real-time control decision-making of natural gas well site drainage, demonstrating significant low-carbon benefits compared to existing technologies that "do not differentiate between time periods or calculate carbon emissions."

[0053] Third, this invention achieves a balanced approach between the full utilization of photovoltaic energy and the safe and orderly operation of power supply. Specifically, this invention sets a minimum protection power threshold through an energy storage availability function, preventing forced drainage under low power conditions from causing deep power depletion or even system paralysis. Simultaneously, it uses a solar energy input function to apply the ratio of photovoltaic power to the pump's rated power as a positive incentive factor, guiding the system to perform drainage when the photovoltaic direct-drive capability is at its strongest. The synergistic effect of these two aspects ensures basic power reserves in the stock dimension while actively utilizing clean energy input in the flow dimension, balancing full energy utilization with safe and orderly power supply. This effectively solves the dual dilemma of existing technologies: "overreacting to power depletion and shutting down" and "blindly waiting and wasting photovoltaic power."

[0054] Fourth, this invention enables proactive identification and protection against abnormal operating conditions of drainage pumps. Specifically, this invention constructs a pump health function through dual judgment logic based on the pump's operating current and outlet water status: low current indicates idling, high current indicates stalling, and insufficient outlet water flow indicates pipeline failure or pump cavitation. Any abnormality can be identified in real time and trigger shutdown protection. Compared to existing technologies that rely on manual inspections or completely lack protection logic, this invention enables automatic diagnosis and proactive protection against pump abnormalities, thereby effectively reducing motor burnout, mechanical seal damage, and equipment maintenance frequency.

[0055] Fifth, this invention can achieve drainage safety protection in low-temperature environments. Specifically, this invention sets dual thresholds for antifreeze protection temperature and safe drainage temperature through a temperature safety function. When the ambient temperature is lower than the antifreeze protection temperature, drainage is directly prohibited. When the temperature is in the critical range, drainage is inhibited through scoring. This effectively avoids pipe rupture or pump damage caused by the freezing and expansion of residual water in the pipes in low-temperature environments, thus making up for the deficiencies of existing technologies in low-temperature protection.

[0056] Sixth, this invention enables precise emergency drainage under high-risk liquid levels. Specifically, this invention sets three control commands: stop drainage, normal drainage, and time-limited emergency drainage. The time-limited emergency drainage is specifically designed for high-risk liquid level scenarios. This emergency logic, by setting dual constraints of a minimum emergency power consumption and a maximum single drainage duration, ensures that the danger of water accumulation is eliminated while reserving sufficient power for subsequent communication and monitoring functions. This overcomes the dilemma of existing technologies where "either insufficient power prevents startup, leading to the risk of flooding" or "forced drainage until power is exhausted, resulting in loss of basic functionality."

[0057] Seventh, this invention enables proactive optimization and scheduling of drainage time. Specifically, under non-high-risk operating conditions, this invention introduces a low-carbon priority drainage window selection mechanism. Within the predicted time window, it evaluates the drainage priority score for each predicted moment based on four indicators: solar energy input, energy storage availability, carbon emission factor, and freezing risk. It proactively selects the optimal moment to execute drainage, upgrading drainage control from a passive response to the current moment to proactive planning for the future window. Simultaneously, the introduction of a freezing risk function allows the planning to proactively avoid future low-temperature periods, forming a dual protection of current safety assessment and future risk prediction. This achieves significant low-carbon and safety benefits by trading controllable short-term delays.

[0058] Eighth, this invention can construct a multi-parameter fusion decision-making framework that is flexible and adaptable to different well site conditions. Specifically, this invention constructs a multi-parameter joint decision-making scoring function through a weighted summation method. Each weighting coefficient can be flexibly adjusted according to the climate conditions, power grid status, and carbon emission control requirements of the well site location (for example, increasing the liquid level weight to strengthen safety priority in rainy areas, increasing the temperature weight to strengthen antifreeze protection in cold regions, and increasing the low-carbon weight to strengthen emission reduction constraints in carbon trading pilot areas). Compared with the fixed control mode of the existing technology that is "uniform logic and cannot be adapted", this invention has good working condition mobility and engineering adaptability.

[0059] Ninth, this invention enables a dual safety guarantee mechanism of scoring filtering + hard constraint shutdown. Specifically, at the control logic level, this invention constructs a dual guarantee of comprehensive scoring threshold filtering during startup and hard condition active shutdown during operation: during startup, if the function value corresponding to any indicator fails to meet the standard, drainage can be prevented from starting due to insufficient comprehensive score; during operation, the drainage stop control adopts "OR gate" logic, and active shutdown is initiated when any of the following conditions are met: liquid level has reached the standard, power is critical, pump failure occurs, or timeout is exceeded. Through the synergistic effect of such a dual mechanism, it can be ensured that the system always remains within a safe and controllable operating boundary throughout its entire life cycle.

[0060] 2. Other beneficial effects or advantages of the present invention will be described in detail in the specific embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0061] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0062] in:

[0063] Figure 1This is a flowchart illustrating the steps of a method for controlling low-carbon dynamic emissions of rainwater accumulation in natural gas wells, provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0064] Figure 2 This is a multi-parameter joint decision control flowchart provided in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

[0065] Figure 3 This is a functional structure and signal connection diagram of a control system provided in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

[0066] Figure 4 This is a multi-parameter joint decision logic diagram provided in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

[0067] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a low-carbon priority drainage scheduling model provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

[0068] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the layout of a rainwater drainage system for a natural gas well site, provided in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0069] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the drainage execution unit structure of the sump pit provided in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0070] Explanation of the labels in the attached drawings:

[0071] 1-Protective control box; 2-Natural gas wellhead device; 3-Communication antenna; 4-Valve group or manifold; 5-Sump; 6-Well site surface; 7-Well site fence; 8-Main liquid level sensor; 9-Redundant liquid level sensor; 10-Solar panel; 11-Drain pump; 12-Sump wall; 13-Sedimentation structure; 14-Check valve; 15-Drain pipe; 16-Emergency bypass valve; 17-Designated discharge port; 18-Recovery container or discharge point. Detailed Implementation

[0072] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments.

[0073] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0074] Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, used in the description of this invention are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or device that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but may optionally include other steps or units not listed, or may optionally include other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products, or devices. It should also be noted that in embodiments of this invention, the words "exemplary" or "for example" are used to indicate examples, illustrations, or descriptions. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplary" or "for example" in embodiments of this invention should not be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of the words "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a specific manner.

[0075] To facilitate a clearer and more accurate understanding of the technical solutions of this invention by those skilled in the art, the existing related technologies and their technical problems will be described in more detail below.

[0076] Existing technologies typically control the start and stop of drainage pumps based on a single liquid level signal, and their control logic can be expressed as follows:

[0077]

[0078] in, This indicates a drainage control command. Indicates the water level. Indicates the start-up liquid level threshold. This indicates the stop liquid level threshold.

[0079] The above methods do not consider energy storage capacity, solar input, ambient temperature, pump operating status, water discharge effectiveness, and low-carbon emission targets, which can easily lead to system power depletion, pump dry running, pump blockage, low-temperature freezing, or high-carbon drainage. With the increasing application of photovoltaic energy storage technology in natural gas well sites, some solutions have attempted to incorporate battery capacity into drainage decisions. However, existing technologies still face the following bottlenecks:

[0080] First, there is a lack of low-carbon emission targets.

[0081] Current technologies do not incorporate the carbon emission intensity of the drainage process as a decision variable. Natural gas well sites are often located in remote areas, and the energy sources for drainage operations include photovoltaic power generation, energy storage batteries, and auxiliary power (such as diesel generators or the power grid). The carbon emission coefficients of different energy sources vary significantly: photovoltaic power generation has near-zero carbon emissions, energy storage batteries' carbon emissions depend on the charging source, while diesel generators or thermal power have higher carbon emissions. Existing control logic initiates drainage when the liquid level reaches the target, without considering the current energy structure. For example, at night or on rainy days, the system relies on batteries or diesel generators for drainage, and the carbon emissions per unit drainage volume are significantly higher than during periods of abundant photovoltaic power during the day. With increasingly stringent carbon emission regulations (such as carbon trading markets and carbon tax mechanisms), incorporating carbon emission factors into real-time control decisions for industrial processes has become a pressing technical problem that the industry needs to solve.

[0082] Second, whether energy is being used adequately.

[0083] Existing solutions only assess the "stock" of battery power, without considering the "flow" and "trend" of solar charging power. For example, in scenarios with ample sunlight but battery power slightly below the threshold, the system cannot utilize direct photovoltaic drainage, resulting in a waste of clean energy. Conversely, if drainage is forced when battery power barely reaches the threshold but sunlight suddenly decreases, the system is prone to power depletion and shutdown during drainage, affecting subsequent drainage capacity.

[0084] Third, there is insufficient equipment protection.

[0085] There is a lack of real-time diagnostics for abnormal operating conditions of drainage pumps, such as dry running, stalling, and freezing at low temperatures. Pumps running dry or stalling after sucking in debris not only fail to drain water effectively but can also lead to motor burnout, mechanical seal damage, and other malfunctions. Furthermore, in low-temperature environments, residual water in the pipeline is prone to freezing and expansion, causing pipeline rupture or pump damage. Current technology lacks effective identification and protection logic for these operating conditions.

[0086] Fourth, the emergency response was delayed.

[0087] In emergency situations involving high liquid levels, existing systems either refuse to initiate drainage due to insufficient power, posing a risk of flooding at the well site; or they forcefully initiate drainage until the power is exhausted, resulting in the loss of basic functions such as subsequent communication and monitoring. There is a lack of a refined emergency drainage strategy that can both ensure safety and retain a minimum amount of power, adhering to the principles of "time-limited, safety-assured, and backup-based" approaches.

[0088] In summary, existing technologies urgently need a multi-parameter joint decision-making drainage control method that can comprehensively consider water accumulation risk, energy storage status, solar energy dynamics, equipment health, ambient temperature, and carbon emission factors, in order to achieve safe, reliable, and low-carbon emissions of rainwater accumulation from natural gas wells.

[0089] In view of this, the present invention provides a novel solution: a low-carbon dynamic emission control method for rainwater accumulation in natural gas wells. The technical concept of this invention lies in: taking water accumulation risk as the safety baseline, carbon emission intensity as the optimization guide, and equipment health and ambient temperature as safety constraints; quantifying multi-source heterogeneous parameters such as liquid level, energy storage capacity, photovoltaic power, temperature, pump operating conditions, and carbon emission factors into normalized risk levels or availability functions; then generating a comprehensive decision score through weighted summation; and finally, based on the comparison of this score with preset thresholds and safety boundary conditions, classifying drainage instructions into three levels: stop, normal, and time-limited emergency. The core of this invention does not lie in the precise measurement of a single parameter, but in reconstructing the drainage control problem into a multi-objective collaborative decision-making problem with safety as a hard constraint, low carbon as the optimization goal, and actively seeking the optimal drainage window in the time dimension, thereby achieving a technological leap from passive response-based start-stop to proactive planning-based scheduling.

[0090] The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0091] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, this invention provides a low-carbon dynamic emission control method for rainwater accumulation in natural gas wells, comprising the following steps:

[0092] The status parameters of rainwater accumulation in natural gas wells are obtained, including rainwater level, remaining battery power, solar charging power, ambient temperature, drainage pump operating current, water discharge status, and carbon emission factor per unit of drainage.

[0093] The risk level of water accumulation is determined based on the rainwater level, the availability of energy storage is determined based on the remaining power of the energy storage battery, the solar input level is determined based on the solar charging power, the temperature safety level is determined based on the ambient temperature, the health status of the drainage pump is determined based on the operating current and water discharge status, and the low-carbon feasibility is determined based on the carbon emission factor per unit of drainage.

[0094] A multi-parameter joint decision score is generated based on the water accumulation risk level, energy storage availability, solar energy input level, temperature safety level, drainage pump health status, and low-carbon feasibility.

[0095] Based on the multi-parameter joint decision score, rainwater level, remaining battery power, drainage pump health status, and continuous drainage duration, drainage control commands are generated. These commands include stopping drainage, normal drainage, and time-limited emergency drainage.

[0096] Through the above technical solution, firstly, this invention acquires state parameters such as rainwater level, remaining battery power, solar charging power, ambient temperature, drainage pump operating current, water discharge status, and unit drainage carbon emission factor, and determines the flood risk level, energy storage availability, solar energy input level, temperature safety level, drainage pump health status, and low-carbon feasibility based on these parameters. This enables the drainage control system to simultaneously possess comprehensive situational awareness capabilities, sensing "flood urgency," "power supply capacity," "clean energy sufficiency," "equipment health," "environmental feasibility," and "carbon emission level." This fundamentally solves the problem of blind spots in single-level control information and provides a complete perceptual foundation for intelligent decision-making.

[0097] Secondly, this invention generates a multi-parameter joint decision-making score based on the aforementioned six quantitative indicators to construct a unified quantitative comparison framework. This framework integrates indicators with different dimensions and properties, such as water accumulation risk level and energy storage availability, into a single comprehensive score. This allows drainage decisions to move beyond mechanical triggering based on a single threshold and instead rely on a weighted comprehensive judgment of multiple factors. On one hand, this mechanism can effectively improve the comprehensive score when photovoltaic power is abundant, causing the system to tend to perform drainage when clean energy is plentiful, thus suppressing the impulse to drain during periods of high carbon emissions. On the other hand, when energy storage is insufficient or the pump is malfunctioning, the comprehensive score decreases accordingly, thereby preventing drainage due to power shortages or equipment damage.

[0098] Third, this invention generates drainage control commands with three command states: stop drainage, normal drainage, and time-limited emergency drainage. The constraints for generating these commands include multi-parameter joint decision-making scoring, rainwater level, remaining battery power, drainage pump health status, and continuous drainage duration. Compared to existing technologies with only "start / stop" control states, this invention's three-level command architecture offers two substantial technical benefits: First, the normal drainage command is jointly constrained by a comprehensive scoring threshold and multiple safety boundary conditions (energy storage availability, pump health status, etc.), ensuring drainage operations are performed within the optimal operating window for safety, low carbon emissions, and economy. Second, the time-limited emergency drainage command provides a dedicated response channel for high-risk liquid level scenarios, allowing the system to initiate drainage without waiting for the comprehensive scoring to reach the target in emergency situations. Simultaneously, by limiting the duration of each drainage cycle to prevent battery depletion, the dual objectives of "ensuring safety" and "retaining minimum battery power" are achieved.

[0099] For example, a multi-parameter state variable can be represented by the following formula:

[0100]

[0101] In the formula, This refers to the level of rainwater accumulation. The remaining power of the energy storage battery; Power for solar charging; The ambient temperature; This refers to the operating current of the drainage pump; This refers to the water outlet status or water outlet flow rate; Carbon emission factor per unit of wastewater.

[0102] Drainage control commands can also be expressed as: ;in, This indicates that drainage has stopped or the system is in hibernation mode. This indicates normal drainage; This indicates a time-limited emergency drainage measure.

[0103] In one embodiment of the present invention, the water accumulation risk level of the present invention is described. It can be determined in the following way:

[0104] When the rainwater level is below the warning level, the flood risk level is 0.

[0105] When the rainwater level is greater than or equal to the warning level but lower than the activation level, the flooding risk level is determined by the formula. Calculate, where, For the first The rainwater level at the sampling time (i.e., the first sampling time) The height of rainwater accumulation in the natural gas well sump / accumulation area monitored in real time at each sampling moment (the unit can be m or cm, and this invention does not specifically limit it). To provide early warning of liquid level, To start the liquid level;

[0106] When the rainwater level is greater than or equal to the activation level but lower than the high-risk level, the waterlogging risk level is determined by the formula. ,in, This is a high-risk liquid level;

[0107] When the rainwater level is greater than or equal to the high-risk level, the flood risk level is 2.

[0108] In this embodiment, continuous liquid level values ​​are mapped to normalized risk levels, and the value reaches 2 in the high-risk liquid level range, which breaks through the conventional normalization range of 0 to 1. This allows high-risk conditions to receive greater weight in subsequent weighted scoring, ensuring that the comprehensive score can meet the standard unconditionally in emergency situations, thereby providing a quantitative basis for triggering time-limited emergency drainage.

[0109] For example, the present invention has a water accumulation risk level. The computation function can be expressed as:

[0110]

[0111] The larger the value, the higher the risk of rainwater accumulation and the stronger the drainage requirement.

[0112] In this embodiment, the warning liquid level is used to indicate an increased risk of water accumulation. It can be set according to the sump capacity and rainfall intensity; for example, it can be set to 20% of the sump depth. The activation liquid level... The minimum liquid level required to trigger normal drainage is generally higher than the warning level; for example, it can be set to 40% of the depth of the sump. It is understood that the warning level and the activation level need to be specifically set according to the actual drainage situation; therefore, this invention does not impose specific limitations on them.

[0113] In one embodiment of the present invention, the energy storage availability of the present invention is... It can be determined in the following way:

[0114] When the remaining charge of the energy storage battery is lower than the minimum protection charge, the energy storage availability is 0.

[0115] When the remaining charge of the energy storage battery is greater than or equal to the minimum protection charge but lower than the normal drainage allowable charge, the energy storage availability is calculated according to the formula. ,in, For the first The remaining power of the energy storage battery at each sampling time. To minimize the protection charge, The allowable power consumption for normal drainage;

[0116] When the remaining charge of the energy storage battery is greater than or equal to the normal allowable discharge charge, the energy storage availability level is 1.

[0117] In this embodiment, a minimum protection power threshold is set. When the power level is below this value, the energy storage availability is directly set to zero, and drainage is forcibly prevented from starting at the scoring level. This can effectively prevent the system from losing basic functions such as communication and monitoring due to deep discharge. At the same time, the allowable power level for normal drainage is set to 1, which can effectively avoid excessive energy storage redundancy and waste of clean energy.

[0118] Exemplary energy storage availability of the present invention The computation function can be expressed as:

[0119]

[0120] It is understood that the remaining capacity of the aforementioned energy storage battery can also be expressed in units such as ampere-hours (Ah) or watt-hours (Wh), as long as the units of all parameters are consistent, the calculation result remains unchanged. Furthermore, the remaining capacity, minimum protection capacity, and allowable normal drainage capacity of the energy storage battery can be expressed as a percentage or as specific numerical values; this invention does not impose any specific limitations on this.

[0121] In one embodiment of the present invention, the solar energy input level can be calculated using the following formula:

[0122]

[0123] In the formula, Given the current level of solar energy input, For the current solar charging power, This refers to the rated power of the drainage pump. The larger the value, the more suitable the current drainage is for solar power, and the better its low-carbon properties.

[0124] In this embodiment, the solar energy input level is the ratio of solar charging power to the rated power of the drainage pump, with an upper limit of 1. This ratio can then be directly used as a positive incentive factor in the subsequent weighted scoring; the higher the photovoltaic power, and the closer it is to or exceeds the pump's rated power, the higher the overall score. This guides the system to perform drainage during the time window when the photovoltaic direct-drive capability is strongest, thereby maximizing clean energy utilization and minimizing carbon emissions per unit of drainage.

[0125] In one embodiment of the present invention, the temperature safety level of the present invention can be determined in the following manner:

[0126] When the ambient temperature is lower than the antifreeze protection temperature, the temperature safety level is 0.

[0127] When the ambient temperature is greater than or equal to the antifreeze protection temperature but lower than the safe drainage temperature, the temperature safety level is determined by the formula. Calculate, where, For the first The ambient temperature at each sampling time To prevent freezing and maintain temperature, For safe drainage temperature;

[0128] When the ambient temperature is greater than or equal to the safe drainage temperature, the temperature safety level is 1.

[0129] In this embodiment, two thresholds are set for low-temperature environments: an antifreeze protection temperature and a safe drainage temperature. When the temperature is below the antifreeze protection temperature, the temperature safety level is directly set to zero, thereby forcibly preventing drainage from starting at the scoring level to avoid residual water in the pipeline freezing and expanding, which could lead to pipeline rupture or pump damage.

[0130] For example, the function for calculating the degree of temperature safety can be expressed as:

[0131]

[0132] In this embodiment, it can be understood that the present invention addresses the temperature parameter. , , The unit is not specifically limited, temperature parameter , , You can use any temperature unit, such as Celsius (°C), Fahrenheit (℉), or Kelvin (K), as long as the units are consistent. Since this formula calculates the ratio of differences, the units cancel each other out in the numerator and denominator, resulting in a dimensionless pure value between 0 and 1, which is independent of the specific temperature unit used.

[0133] In one embodiment of the present invention, the step of determining the health status of the drainage pump may specifically include:

[0134] The current status is determined based on the operating current of the drainage pump: when the operating current of the drainage pump is less than the no-load current threshold, the current status is abnormal; when the operating current of the drainage pump is greater than or equal to the no-load current threshold and less than or equal to the stall current threshold, the current status is normal; when the operating current of the drainage pump is greater than the stall current threshold, the current status is abnormal.

[0135] The validity of water discharge is determined based on the water discharge status: when the water discharge flow rate is less than the minimum effective water discharge flow rate, the water discharge status is invalid; when the water discharge flow rate is greater than or equal to the minimum effective water discharge flow rate, the water discharge status is valid.

[0136] When the current is normal and the water output is effective, the drain pump is in a healthy state; otherwise, the drain pump is in an abnormal state.

[0137] In this embodiment, the healthy state of the drainage pump requires that the operating current be within the normal range and the outflow rate reach the effective threshold simultaneously. This allows for the combined diagnosis of two types of faults: abnormal current and ineffective outflow. Specifically, too low a current indicates idling (no water to drain), too high a current indicates stalling (mechanical jamming), and insufficient outflow rate indicates pipeline leakage or pump cavitation. By cross-verifying current and flow rates, misjudgments based on a single current threshold or ineffective drainage and energy waste caused by pipeline faults can be effectively avoided.

[0138] For example, the health status of the drain pump The computation function can be expressed as:

[0139]

[0140] in, As a current state function, its calculation formula can be expressed as:

[0141]

[0142] The effluent state function can be calculated using the following formula:

[0143]

[0144] in, The idling current threshold. The locked-rotor current threshold, This is the minimum effective outflow rate. If If this occurs, the pump is determined to be in an abnormal state and enters the shutdown protection mode.

[0145] In one embodiment of the present invention, the unit wastewater carbon emission factor of the present invention... It can be calculated using the following formula:

[0146]

[0147] In the formula, To power the battery Carbon emission coefficient for battery power supply To assist in energy supply, To assist in the carbon emission factor of energy supply, Powered by solar energy The emission reduction coefficient for solar energy supply. For drainage volume, To prevent division by zero (a very small constant used to avoid the denominator being zero);

[0148] Low-carbon feasibility is determined as follows:

[0149] When the carbon emission factor per unit of wastewater is less than or equal to the recommended low-carbon wastewater threshold, the low-carbon feasibility is 1.

[0150] When the carbon emission factor per unit of wastewater is greater than the recommended low-carbon wastewater threshold but less than the maximum permissible carbon emission factor per unit of wastewater, the low-carbon feasibility is determined by the formula. ,in, The current unit of wastewater carbon emission factor, To allow the highest per unit of wastewater carbon emission threshold, Recommended low-carbon wastewater threshold;

[0151] When the carbon emission factor per unit of wastewater is greater than or equal to the maximum per-unit wastewater carbon emission threshold, the low-carbon feasibility is 0.

[0152] In this implementation, the carbon emission factor is calculated comprehensively based on the energy structure of battery power, auxiliary power, and solar power, as well as the carbon emission / reduction coefficients of each energy source. Based on this, the low-carbon feasibility is quantified into segments ranging from 0 to 1. This transforms the carbon emission differences from energy sources into a continuous quantitative indicator that can participate in weighted scoring. When the proportion of photovoltaic power is high, the carbon emission factor is low, and the low-carbon feasibility approaches 1, positively incentivizing the comprehensive score. When relying on battery or auxiliary power, the carbon emission factor increases, and the low-carbon feasibility decreases or even reaches zero, suppressing the impulse to discharge water during high-carbon periods, allowing carbon emission constraints to be truly integrated into real-time control decisions.

[0153] Exemplary low-carbon feasibility of the present invention The computation function can be expressed as:

[0154]

[0155] For example, the drainage volume estimation of the present invention can adopt a drainage volume estimation method based on flow rate or a drainage volume estimation method based on liquid level change. The drainage volume estimation based on flow rate can be expressed as:

[0156]

[0157] In the formula, Indicates the start time of drainage. Indicates the current moment. For the first Real-time outflow rate at each sampling time This represents the sampling time interval.

[0158] The displacement estimation based on liquid level changes can be expressed as:

[0159]

[0160] in, The equivalent horizontal area of ​​the catchment area. To begin draining the liquid level, Current liquid level This is the liquid level-volume correction factor.

[0161] In one embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the multi-parameter joint decision scoring of the present invention It can be calculated using the following formula:

[0162]

[0163] In the formula, The risk level is determined by water accumulation. For the availability of energy storage, As for the level of solar energy input, For temperature safety, For the drainage pump to be in good health, For low-carbon feasibility, , , , , , These are the weighting coefficients for each factor, and the sum of all weighting coefficients is 1, with each weighting coefficient being greater than or equal to 0.

[0164] In this implementation, flexible adaptation to different well site conditions can be achieved by adjusting the weighting coefficients. For example, in rainy areas, the weighting coefficient can be increased. To strengthen security priorities, pilot carbon trading regions have increased... This strengthens low-carbon constraints. Meanwhile, by weighting and summing all indicators into a single scoring threshold, control commands can be generated, reducing the six-dimensional decision-making problem to a one-dimensional threshold judgment. This effectively simplifies the complexity of on-site engineering implementation while preserving the completeness of multi-factor collaborative decision-making.

[0165] In this embodiment, it should be noted that the above-mentioned multi-parameter joint decision scoring... Regarding the calculation formula, the baseline values ​​and ranges of the weighting coefficients can be found in Table 1 below.

[0166] Table 1. Explanation of Weighting Coefficients

[0167]

[0168] Each weight can be determined in any of the following ways:

[0169] 1. Expert experience method: Based on the experience and judgment of natural gas well site operation and maintenance experts, liquid level risk should be the primary basis for decision-making, followed by energy storage status and solar energy input, and other factors are used as auxiliary references. The average value is obtained by multiple rounds of expert scoring.

[0170] 2. Experimental calibration method: Multiple sets of comparative experiments are conducted under different operating conditions (sunny day, cloudy day, rainstorm, low temperature, etc.). The optimization objectives are "highest drainage success rate, lowest system power loss rate, and lowest carbon emissions". The optimal weight combination is obtained by grid search or genetic algorithm.

[0171] 3. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP): Construct a hierarchical model, calculate the weight of each factor by comparing the eigenvectors of the matrix pairwise, and determine the weight after consistency test.

[0172] Furthermore, it is understandable that in practical engineering applications, the weights can be appropriately adjusted based on factors such as the climate conditions, power grid status, and carbon emission control requirements of the well site location. For example, the weights can be appropriately increased in rainy areas. High-altitude and cold regions can improve Carbon trading pilot areas can improve However, the adjustment of each weight should remain within the above-mentioned range, and it must be ensured that the adjusted weights can be verified through simulation or field testing, without deviating from the core decision-making logic of this invention.

[0173] In one embodiment of the present invention, the step of generating drainage control instructions may include normal drainage control, drainage stop control, and time-limited emergency drainage control:

[0174] Normal drainage control is as follows: when the water accumulation risk level reaches or exceeds the activation risk level, the energy storage availability is greater than 0, the temperature safety level is greater than 0, the drainage pump health status is healthy, and the multi-parameter joint decision score is greater than or equal to the activation score threshold, a normal drainage command is generated.

[0175] The stop drainage control is as follows: when the rainwater level is lower than the stop level threshold, or the remaining power of the energy storage battery is lower than the minimum protection power, or the health status of the drainage pump is abnormal, or the continuous drainage time exceeds the maximum continuous drainage time, a stop drainage command is generated.

[0176] The time-limited emergency drainage control is as follows: when the rainwater level is greater than or equal to the high-risk level, the remaining power of the energy storage battery is greater than or equal to the minimum power for emergency drainage, the drainage pump is in good health, and the duration of a single emergency drainage does not exceed the maximum duration of a single emergency drainage, a time-limited emergency drainage command is generated.

[0177] In this implementation, firstly, normal drainage requires simultaneously meeting all conditions across four dimensions: comprehensive score compliance, energy storage availability, temperature safety, and pump health. This constitutes an AND gate logic, preventing false starts under any single-factor abnormal condition. Secondly, drainage is stopped using an OR gate logic; that is, it stops when any one of the following conditions is met: liquid level meets the standard, power is critically low, pump malfunctions, or timeout is reached, enabling multi-dimensional proactive shutdown protection. Finally, time-limited emergency drainage specifically serves high-risk liquid level scenarios, using power... (lower than) But higher ) and limited time The dual constraint approach replaces the comprehensive scoring method, achieving a balance between safety margin and minimum battery capacity retention.

[0178] For example, the normal drainage control of the present invention can be expressed as:

[0179]

[0180] The drainage stop control of the present invention can be expressed as:

[0181]

[0182] in, To stop the liquid level threshold, This refers to the duration of continuous drainage. This is the longest continuous drainage time.

[0183] The time-limited emergency drainage control of the present invention can be expressed as:

[0184]

[0185] in, Minimum power required for emergency drainage. The longest duration for a single emergency drainage operation, and meeting the following requirements. .

[0186] In one embodiment of the present invention, when the rainwater level is below the high-risk level, the method of the present invention may further include a low-carbon priority drainage window selection step:

[0187] Within the forecast time window, based on the solar energy input level, energy storage availability, carbon emission factor per unit of wastewater, and freezing risk at the forecast time, according to the formula... Calculate the low-carbon wastewater priority score for each prediction time point, where, To predict the level of solar energy input at a given time, To predict the availability of energy storage at any given time, The carbon emission factor per unit of wastewater at the predicted time. To predict the risk of freezing at any given moment, , , , This is the adjustment coefficient;

[0188] The time with the highest priority score for low-carbon drainage within the predicted time window is selected as the preferred drainage start time.

[0189] When the preferred drainage start time is reached at the current moment, normal drainage shall be performed; if the rainwater level rises to a level greater than or equal to the high-risk level during the waiting period, time-limited emergency drainage shall be performed immediately.

[0190] Freezing risk is determined based on the lowest ambient temperature within the predicted timeframe and subsequent preset time period: when the lowest ambient temperature is greater than or equal to the safe drainage temperature, the freezing risk is 0; when the lowest ambient temperature is greater than or equal to the antifreeze protection temperature but lower than the safe drainage temperature, the freezing risk is determined by the formula... Calculate, where, For the predicted time and the minimum ambient temperature for the subsequent preset time, For safe drainage temperature, The temperature is set as the antifreeze protection temperature; when the minimum ambient temperature is lower than the antifreeze protection temperature, the risk of freezing is 1.

[0191] Through this implementation, under non-high-risk operating conditions, the system proactively searches for the moment with the highest priority score for low-carbon drainage within the predicted time window as the target for delayed drainage. This upgrades drainage control from current-moment response to future-window planning; that is, the system can proactively select a future moment with the most abundant photovoltaic power, lowest carbon emissions, and least risk of freezing to execute drainage, while simultaneously introducing the risk of freezing. This allows the plan to avoid future periods of low temperatures and prevent pipeline freezing. This mechanism trades controllable short-term delays for significant low-carbon benefits.

[0192] Furthermore, it should be noted that this window selection mechanism only applies to... Activated when not in a high-risk state, and immediately and unconditionally triggered to drain water once the liquid level deteriorates to a high-risk threshold, in accordance with the bottom-line design principle of optimization being subordinate to safety.

[0193] For example, in the process of selecting the low-carbon priority drainage window, the start time of low-carbon priority drainage can be expressed as:

[0194]

[0195] in, For the prediction time window ( The prediction step can be set from 6 to 24 hours, depending on the accuracy of the weather forecast. For freezing risk functions, , , , Adjustment coefficient (suggested range of values:) (This can be adjusted according to actual working conditions; the present invention does not impose specific limitations on this).

[0196] when At that time, the system can be delayed until Drainage should be maintained at all times; when At that time, the system does not wait for the low-carbon window and directly executes time-limited emergency drainage.

[0197] Freezing risk is used to characterize the time of prediction. The probability or severity of residual water freezing in the pipes due to drainage can be calculated using the following formula:

[0198]

[0199] in:

[0200] For the predicted time and subsequent The lowest ambient temperature within the time (preset time) One to two hours can be taken to assess the risk of freezing during the period of residual water in the pipes after drainage. For safe drainage temperature (recommended value) (Above this temperature there is no risk of freezing). For freeze protection temperature (recommended value) (Below this temperature, there is a significant risk of freezing).

[0201] Its physical meaning is: This indicates that the predicted temperature is safe and drainage can proceed normally. This indicates that the predicted temperature is in the critical range and there is a certain risk of freezing. Drainage should be carried out with caution or the duration of each drainage operation should be shortened. This indicates that the predicted temperature is lower than the antifreeze protection temperature, and there is a high probability that the residual water in the pipes will freeze after drainage. Drainage should be avoided during such periods.

[0202] It should be noted that the freezing risk function With the aforementioned temperature safety function The logic is the same, but the former is used for prediction and evaluation of future moments, while the latter is used for state judgment at the current moment. Both share the same temperature threshold parameter. and This forms a dual protection mechanism of "current security assessment + future risk prediction".

[0203] Furthermore, it is understandable that the adjustment coefficient... , , , For reference, the baseline values ​​and ranges are shown in Table 2 below.

[0204] Table 2 Explanation of Adjustment Coefficients

[0205]

[0206] Adjustment coefficient , , , It can be determined by methods similar to weighting coefficients (expert experience method, experimental calibration method or analytic hierarchy process), and this invention does not specifically limit it.

[0207] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to an exemplary embodiment. This exemplary embodiment takes the rainwater drainage process of a natural gas well site within a typical day-night cycle (24 hours) as an example to fully demonstrate the entire process from data acquisition and parameter calculation to decision output.

[0208] I. Scenario Description.

[0209] In this exemplary embodiment, the natural gas well site is located in the gas production management area of ​​northern Sichuan, and the effective volume of the sump is [missing information]. Drainage pump rated power The system parameter threshold settings are shown in Table 3 below.

[0210] Table 3 Parameter Setting Table

[0211]

[0212] Weighting coefficients (using benchmark values):

[0213] , , , , ,

[0214] Start-up rating threshold .

[0215] In this exemplary embodiment, the rainwater drainage system of the natural gas well site can be referred to Figure 6 As shown, in Figure 6 The diagram shows the protective control box 1, natural gas wellhead device 2, communication antenna 3, valve group or manifold 4, sump 5, well site ground 6, well site fence 7, main liquid level sensor 8, redundant liquid level sensor 9, and solar panel 10.

[0216] In this exemplary embodiment, the drainage process is as follows: First, the rainwater flowing from the well site surface 6 enters the sump 5. The main liquid level sensor 8 and the redundant liquid level sensor 9 monitor the liquid level in real time and feed it back to the control unit in the protective control box 1. After multi-parameter comprehensive decision-making to determine that the drainage conditions are met, the drainage pump is driven to discharge the accumulated water through the valve group or manifold 4 to the designated outlet. The solar panel 10 powers the system, and the communication antenna 3 realizes remote data transmission.

[0217] In this exemplary embodiment, the drainage execution unit of the sump corresponding to the rainwater drainage system can be referred to. Figure 7 As shown, in Figure 7 The diagram shows a drainage pump 11, a sump wall 12, a sedimentation structure 13, a check valve 14, a drain pipe 15, an emergency bypass valve 16, a designated discharge port 17, and a recovery container or discharge point 18.

[0218] It is understood that, in this exemplary embodiment, the drainage process of the sump pit is as follows: after the sediment in the sump pit 5 is settled by the sedimentation structure 13, the water is pumped up by the drainage pump 11 and transported to the designated discharge port 17 or the recovery container 18 through the check valve 14, the drainage pipe 15 and the emergency bypass valve 16; the main liquid level sensor 8 and the redundant liquid level sensor 9 monitor the liquid level in the sump pit in real time and feed it back to the control unit.

[0219] Understandably, the drainage pump 11 is used to force the water in the sump to be discharged; the sump wall 12 is used to protect the sump structure; the sedimentation structure 13 is used to settle the silt and sand carried in the water to prevent clogging of the drainage pump and pipeline; the check valve 14 is used to prevent the discharged water from flowing back into the sump; the drain pipe 15 is used to transport the water to the discharge outlet; the emergency bypass valve 16 is used to switch to the backup discharge path when the main pipeline fails; the designated discharge outlet 17 is used to discharge the water into the external environment or a designated area; and the recycling container or discharge point 18 is used to collect the water for recycling or centralized treatment.

[0220] II. The Evolution of Status and Decision-Making Process Throughout the Day

[0221] The day is divided into 5 key time periods, and the parameter status, function calculation and decision output of each time period are shown below.

[0222] Time period 1: The low temperature period in the early morning (03:00), the parameters of which can be found in Table 4 below.

[0223] Table 4 Parameter Table for Time Period 1

[0224]

[0225] Its overall score is:

[0226]

[0227] decision making: And the liquid level has not reached the start-up threshold → Instruction (Stop draining).

[0228] Reasons for the decision: There is no photovoltaic input at night, the temperature is too low and there is a risk of freezing, and the liquid level is low, so there is no need to drain the liquid.

[0229] Time Period 2: The morning photovoltaic upswing period (09:00), the parameters of which can be found in Table 5 below.

[0230] Table 5 Parameter Table for Time Period 2

[0231]

[0232] Function calculation:

[0233] Liquid level risk: ;

[0234] Energy storage available: ;

[0235] Solar energy input: ;

[0236] Temperature safety: ;

[0237] Pump health: ;

[0238] Low-carbon feasible: ;

[0239] Overall rating:

[0240]

[0241]

[0242] decision making: But the liquid level Startup conditions not met → Instruction (Standby, continuous monitoring).

[0243] Reason for decision: The overall score has been met, but the liquid level has not yet reached the start-up threshold. The system remains in standby mode, waiting for the liquid level to rise.

[0244] Time period 3: Midday liquid level reaches standard + photovoltaic peak period (12:30), the parameters of which can be found in Table 6 below.

[0245] Table 6. Parameter Table for Time Period 3

[0246]

[0247] Function calculation:

[0248] Liquid level risk: ;

[0249] Energy storage available: ;

[0250] Solar energy input: (Maximum 1);

[0251] Temperature safety: ;

[0252] Pump health: (Current current is normal, water flow is normal);

[0253] Low-carbon feasible: ;

[0254] Overall rating:

[0255]

[0256]

[0257] decision making: Liquid level Pump is healthy, continuous drainage time initially set to 0 → Command (Start normal drainage).

[0258] Drainage process monitoring: After the drainage pump starts, the system monitors the operating status in real time. At the 8th minute, the liquid level drops to 0.10m (reaching the stop level), and the system executes a stop command.

[0259] Reasons for decision: Liquid level meets standards, photovoltaic power is sufficient (solar energy input function reaches upper limit), carbon emission factor is at the lowest level (optimal time for low carbon), pump is in good condition, temperature is suitable, all conditions are met, normal drainage is started.

[0260] Time period 4: Rainy and overcast period in the evening (17:30), the parameters of which can be found in Table 7 below.

[0261] Table 7. Parameter Table for Time Period 4

[0262]

[0263] Function calculation:

[0264] Liquid level risk: ;

[0265] Energy storage available: ;

[0266] Solar energy input: ;

[0267] Temperature safety: ;

[0268] Pump health: ;

[0269] Low-carbon feasible: ;

[0270] Overall rating:

[0271]

[0272]

[0273] decision making: But the liquid level Startup conditions not met → Instruction (Standby);

[0274] Low-carbon priority model intervention: The system predicts that solar energy input will further decrease to below 10W within the next hour, and the carbon emission factor will rise to above 0.18. Determined that the current period is not the optimal low-carbon window, and the liquid level has not reached the start-up level, the system remains in standby mode, waiting for a period of sufficient photovoltaic power the following day before discharging water.

[0275] Reasoning for the decision: Although the overall score meets the standard, the liquid level has not yet reached the start-up threshold, and the low-carbon priority model predicts higher carbon emissions in the future. Therefore, the system chooses to delay drainage and wait for a better low-carbon window.

[0276] Time Period 5: Emergency Response Period for Nighttime Rainstorms (22:00), the parameters of which can be found in Table 8 below.

[0277] Table 8. Parameter Table for Time Period 4

[0278]

[0279] Function calculation:

[0280] Liquid level risk: ;

[0281] Energy storage available: ;

[0282] Solar energy input: ;

[0283] Temperature safety: ;

[0284] Pump health: ;

[0285] Low-carbon feasible: ;

[0286] Overall rating:

[0287]

[0288]

[0289] Emergency assessment: Liquid level (High risk), battery level Pump health → Triggers emergency drainage mode;

[0290] Decision: Instructions (Emergency drainage within a limited time);

[0291] Emergency drainage execution: The system initiates emergency drainage, with a maximum time limit. After 6 minutes of operation, the liquid level dropped to 0.25m (below the starting level), and the system stopped draining prematurely. The entire emergency drainage process consumed approximately 6% of the power, leaving 22% remaining, which is still above the minimum protection level of 20%, ensuring the system's basic communication and monitoring functions.

[0292] Rationale: The liquid level had reached a high risk level; safety took precedence over low-carbon and economic efficiency, necessitating the mandatory initiation of emergency drainage. However, through time-limited control and power monitoring, sufficient power was reserved for subsequent maintenance while eliminating the risk of water accumulation.

[0293] III. Summary of Decisions Made Throughout the Day

[0294] For decisions made throughout the day, please refer to Table 9 below.

[0295] Table 9. Summary of Decisions for the Whole Day

[0296]

[0297] Through this exemplary implementation, it can be seen that, taking the state parameters of each time period in Table 9 as an example: in time period 1 (03:00), the liquid level is lower than the warning value, there is no photovoltaic input at night and the temperature is lower than the antifreeze protection temperature. Substituting these parameters into the formula, the comprehensive score is calculated. Below the startup score threshold The system outputs a stop drainage command; period 3 (12:30) is the peak photovoltaic period, the solar energy input reaches its upper limit, and the liquid level has exceeded the start-up liquid level, resulting in a comprehensive score. The system meets normal drainage conditions and starts normal drainage; during period 5 (22:00), the liquid level reaches a high-risk value. When the emergency drainage condition is triggered, the system outputs a time-limited emergency drainage command, which is not subject to the comprehensive score limit.

[0298] Table 9 summarizes the liquid level, comprehensive score, and decision results for each time period, fully demonstrating the dynamic decision-making process of rainwater discharge using the method of the present invention during a typical day-night cycle.

[0299] In this invention, the control system used to perform the method of this invention can be found in [reference needed]. Figure 3As shown, the control system may include: a liquid level detection unit, an environment and status detection unit, an MPPT controller, a control unit, a drainage execution unit, a communication unit, a data unit, and a remote management platform. Specifically, the liquid level detection unit acquires the rainwater level; the environment and status detection unit acquires solar charging power, ambient temperature, drainage pump operating current, and water discharge status; the MPPT controller implements maximum power point tracking control of the solar panels to improve photovoltaic charging efficiency; the control unit determines the water accumulation risk level, energy storage availability, solar input level, temperature safety level, drainage pump health status, and low-carbon feasibility, and generates multi-parameter joint decision scores and drainage control commands; the drainage execution unit executes drainage control commands, driving the drainage pump to start and stop; the communication unit remotely transmits the system's operating status, liquid level data, and carbon emission data to the management platform; the data unit stores historical operating data and decision logs; and the remote management platform enables remote monitoring, data display, and scheduling management.

[0300] As can be seen from the above exemplary embodiments, the present invention can adaptively output reasonable drainage control commands under different time periods and operating conditions: during the low temperature and no photovoltaic period in the early morning, the system actively stops drainage due to freezing risk and low score; during the photovoltaic rise period in the morning, the system waits in standby until the liquid level reaches the standard; during the photovoltaic peak period at noon, the system starts normal drainage after identifying the optimal low-carbon window; during the cloudy and rainy period in the evening, although the system's score reaches the standard, it actively delays drainage because the liquid level has not reached the start value and the subsequent carbon emission is predicted to increase; during the high-risk liquid level period of heavy rain at night, the system triggers time-limited emergency drainage, eliminating the danger of water accumulation while retaining the minimum power. The decision-making process of the above five typical time periods fully verifies the effectiveness of the multi-parameter joint decision-making mechanism of the present invention, indicating that the present invention can comprehensively take into account multiple objectives such as water accumulation safety, equipment protection, low carbon emissions, and energy dispatch, and realize intelligent and low-carbon collaborative management of rainwater accumulation discharge from natural gas wells.

[0301] The above are merely specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A low-carbon dynamic emission control method for rainwater accumulation in natural gas wells, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The status parameters of rainwater accumulation in natural gas wells are obtained, including rainwater level, remaining power of energy storage battery, solar charging power, ambient temperature, drainage pump operating current, water discharge status, and carbon emission factor per unit of drainage. The water accumulation risk level is determined based on the rainwater level, the energy storage availability is determined based on the remaining power of the energy storage battery, the solar energy input level is determined based on the solar charging power, the temperature safety level is determined based on the ambient temperature, the health status of the drainage pump is determined based on the operating current of the drainage pump and the water discharge status, and the low-carbon feasibility is determined based on the unit drainage carbon emission factor. A multi-parameter joint decision score is generated based on the water accumulation risk level, the energy storage availability, the solar energy input level, the temperature safety level, the drainage pump health status, and the low-carbon feasibility. Based on the multi-parameter joint decision score, the rainwater level, the remaining power of the energy storage battery, the health status of the drainage pump, and the continuous drainage duration, a drainage control command is generated. The drainage control command includes stopping drainage, normal drainage, and time-limited emergency drainage.

2. The low-carbon dynamic emission control method for rainwater accumulation in natural gas wells according to claim 1, characterized in that, The level of water accumulation Determined in the following manner: When the rainwater level is lower than the warning level, the flooding risk level is 0; When the rainwater level is greater than or equal to the warning level but lower than the activation level, the flooding risk level is determined by the formula. Calculate, where, For the first Rainwater level at each sampling time To provide early warning of liquid level, To start the liquid level; When the rainwater level is greater than or equal to the activation level but lower than the high-risk level, the water accumulation risk level is determined by the formula. ,in, This is a high-risk liquid level; When the rainwater level is greater than or equal to the high-risk level, the water accumulation risk level is 2.

3. The low-carbon dynamic emission control method for rainwater accumulation in natural gas wells according to claim 1, characterized in that, The availability of energy storage Determined in the following manner: When the remaining power of the energy storage battery is lower than the minimum protection power, the energy storage availability is 0; When the remaining charge of the energy storage battery is greater than or equal to the minimum protection charge and lower than the normal drainage allowable charge, the energy storage availability is determined according to the formula. ,in, For the first The remaining power of the energy storage battery at each sampling time. To minimize the protection charge, The allowable power consumption for normal drainage; When the remaining charge of the energy storage battery is greater than or equal to the normal drainage allowable charge, the energy storage availability level is 1.

4. The low-carbon dynamic emission control method for rainwater accumulation in natural gas wells according to claim 1, characterized in that, The solar energy input level is calculated using the following formula: ； In the formula, Given the current level of solar energy input, For the current solar charging power, This refers to the rated power of the drainage pump.

5. The low-carbon dynamic emission control method for rainwater accumulation from natural gas wells according to claim 1, characterized in that, The degree of temperature safety Determined in the following manner: When the ambient temperature is lower than the antifreeze protection temperature, the temperature safety level is 0; When the ambient temperature is greater than or equal to the antifreeze protection temperature but lower than the safe drainage temperature, the temperature safety level is determined according to the formula. Calculate, where, For the first The ambient temperature at each sampling time To prevent freezing and maintain temperature, For safe drainage temperature; When the ambient temperature is greater than or equal to the safe drainage temperature, the temperature safety level is 1.

6. The low-carbon dynamic emission control method for rainwater accumulation in natural gas wells according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific steps for determining the health status of a drain pump include: The current status is determined based on the operating current of the drainage pump: when the operating current of the drainage pump is less than the no-load current threshold, the current status is abnormal; when the operating current of the drainage pump is greater than or equal to the no-load current threshold and less than or equal to the stall current threshold, the current status is normal; when the operating current of the drainage pump is greater than the stall current threshold, the current status is abnormal. The validity of water discharge is determined based on the water discharge status: when the water flow rate is less than the minimum effective water flow rate, the water discharge status is invalid; when the water flow rate is greater than or equal to the minimum effective water flow rate, the water discharge status is valid. When the current status is normal and the water discharge status is valid, the drainage pump is in a healthy state; otherwise, the drainage pump is in an abnormal state.

7. The low-carbon dynamic emission control method for rainwater accumulation in natural gas wells according to claim 1, characterized in that, The unit wastewater carbon emission factor Calculate using the following formula: ； In the formula, To power the battery Carbon emission coefficient for battery power supply To assist in energy supply, To assist in the carbon emission factor of energy supply, Powered by solar energy The emission reduction coefficient for solar energy supply. For drainage volume, To prevent division by zero constant; The low-carbon feasibility is determined in the following manner: When the carbon emission factor per unit of wastewater is less than or equal to the recommended low-carbon wastewater threshold, the low-carbon feasibility is 1; When the carbon emission factor per unit of wastewater is greater than the recommended low-carbon wastewater threshold but less than the maximum per-unit wastewater carbon emission threshold, the low-carbon feasibility is determined by the formula... ,in, The current unit of wastewater carbon emission factor, To allow the highest per unit of wastewater carbon emission threshold, Recommended low-carbon wastewater threshold; When the carbon emission factor per unit of wastewater is greater than or equal to the maximum per unit of wastewater carbon emission threshold, the low-carbon feasibility is 0.

8. The low-carbon dynamic emission control method for rainwater accumulation in natural gas wells according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-parameter joint decision scoring Calculate using the following formula: ； In the formula, The risk level is determined by water accumulation. For the availability of energy storage, As for the level of solar energy input, For temperature safety, For the drainage pump to be in good health, For low-carbon feasibility, , , , , , These are the weighting coefficients for each factor, and the sum of all weighting coefficients is 1, with each weighting coefficient being greater than or equal to 0.

9. The low-carbon dynamic emission control method for rainwater accumulation in natural gas wells according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps for generating drainage control commands include normal drainage control, drainage stoppage control, and time-limited emergency drainage control: The normal drainage control is as follows: when the water accumulation risk level reaches or exceeds the activation risk level, the energy storage availability is greater than 0, the temperature safety level is greater than 0, the drainage pump health status is healthy, and the multi-parameter joint decision score is greater than or equal to the activation score threshold, a normal drainage command is generated. The stop drainage control is as follows: when the rainwater level is lower than the stop level threshold, or the remaining power of the energy storage battery is lower than the minimum protection power, or the health status of the drainage pump is abnormal, or the continuous drainage time exceeds the maximum continuous drainage time, a stop drainage command is generated. The time-limited emergency drainage control is as follows: when the rainwater level is greater than or equal to the high-risk level, the remaining power of the energy storage battery is greater than or equal to the minimum power for emergency drainage, the drainage pump is in a healthy state, and the duration of a single emergency drainage does not exceed the maximum duration of a single emergency drainage, a time-limited emergency drainage command is generated.

10. The low-carbon dynamic emission control method for rainwater accumulation in natural gas wells according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the rainwater level is below the high-risk level, the process also includes a low-carbon priority drainage window selection step: Within the forecast time window, based on the solar energy input level, energy storage availability, carbon emission factor per unit of wastewater, and freezing risk at the forecast time, according to the formula... Calculate the low-carbon wastewater priority score for each prediction time point, where, To predict the level of solar energy input at a given time, To predict the availability of energy storage at any given time, The carbon emission factor per unit of wastewater at the predicted time. To predict the risk of freezing at any given moment, , , , This is the adjustment coefficient; The time with the highest low-carbon drainage priority score within the predicted time window is selected as the preferred drainage start time. When the preferred drainage start time is reached at the current moment, normal drainage is performed; if the rainwater level rises to a level greater than or equal to the high-risk level during the waiting period, time-limited emergency drainage is immediately performed. The freezing risk is determined based on the lowest ambient temperature within the predicted time and subsequent preset time period: when the lowest ambient temperature is greater than or equal to the safe drainage temperature, the freezing risk is 0; when the lowest ambient temperature is greater than or equal to the antifreeze protection temperature but lower than the safe drainage temperature, the freezing risk is determined according to the formula... Calculate, where, For the predicted time and the minimum ambient temperature for the subsequent preset time, For safe drainage temperature, The minimum ambient temperature is the antifreeze protection temperature; when the minimum ambient temperature is lower than the antifreeze protection temperature, the freezing risk is 1.

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