Hydraulic actuator for lithium battery disassembly

Abstract

The application discloses a hydraulic actuator for lithium battery disassembly and relates to the technical field of hydraulic oil cylinders. The oil cylinder is the only execution component of the mechanism, comprising a cylinder barrel, a piston rod, a tubular sliding sleeve, an annular boss, a disc, a retaining ring and an adjusting mechanism. The pressure oil drives the tubular sliding sleeve and the disc to descend synchronously to realize rapid feeding under no load, and the disc slides independently after the tubular sliding sleeve is limited by the retaining ring. The two-stage thrust switching stroke can be directly adjusted by adjusting the position of the retaining ring. The disc is internally integrated with a pressure relief assembly to overflow and stabilize the pressure of the secondary pressure circuit, realize built-in overload protection of the oil cylinder body and avoid damage of the battery cell under pressure. The device integrates the two-stage thrust switching and overload protection in the oil cylinder body, does not need to be connected with a multi-way valve group and an external overflow oil circuit, solves the defects of the traditional scheme, such as complex pipeline, inconvenient adjustment of the thrust switching stroke, lagging response of the external overflow protection and large occupied space in assembly, and is suitable for the extrusion and clamping disassembly working conditions of lithium battery cells of various specifications.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of hydraulic cylinder technology, specifically to a hydraulic actuator for disassembling lithium batteries. Background Technology

[0002] In the lithium battery recycling and dismantling process, the hydraulic actuator is the core pressure unit for the cell extrusion and clamping dismantling steps. In industrial settings, single-rod hydraulic cylinders are mostly used as the power output component. Cell dismantling presents different operational requirements for the pressure application process: during the no-load phase, the cylinder needs to achieve rapid feed to shorten the non-operating stroke time and improve the overall production line efficiency; after the pressure end is in contact with the cell, it needs to switch to low-pressure steady-state pressure to avoid instantaneous high-pressure impacts that could damage the cell casing and render the cell unusable. Most existing hydraulic cylinders with two-stage thrust functions rely on external multi-way valve groups to switch oil circuits to achieve thrust conversion. They can only complete the action switching between high-thrust feed during no-load stroke and low-thrust clamping after contact with the workpiece, but generally lack an integrated overload protection structure within the cylinder body; if overpressure protection is required, an external relief valve must be configured and an independent relief oil circuit must be built.

[0003] The above-mentioned technical solution has inherent defects: on the one hand, it relies on an external multi-way valve to achieve two-stage thrust switching, which involves a large number of supporting pipelines and joints, resulting in a high risk of leakage, and the valve group has a pressure response lag; on the other hand, the thrust switching stroke is difficult to adjust directly in the cylinder body, and disassembly and debugging are cumbersome when replacing different specifications of battery cells. More importantly, during the battery cell clamping and extrusion process, material jamming and sudden force changes are likely to occur, and the continuous rise in system pressure can easily damage the battery cells, while the external overflow valve protection response has a delay; the superimposed arrangement of multi-way control valves and external overflow oil circuits occupies a large amount of assembly space, the overall layout is complex, and the workload of debugging and subsequent maintenance is large. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a hydraulic actuator for disassembling lithium batteries that integrates two-stage thrust switching and built-in overload protection, in order to solve the problems mentioned in the background art of existing two-stage thrust cylinders that rely on external multi-way valves to achieve thrust switching, have numerous pipelines that are prone to leakage, have non-adjustable thrust switching stroke, lack built-in overload protection, have delayed response of external overflow protection, and occupy a large space.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a hydraulic actuator for disassembling lithium batteries, comprising a hydraulic cylinder, wherein the hydraulic cylinder is the sole actuating component of the hydraulic actuator; the hydraulic cylinder comprises a cylinder barrel, a first inlet / outlet port, a second inlet / outlet port, and a piston rod; the hydraulic cylinder further comprises a tubular sleeve slidably connected within the cylinder barrel, an annular boss connected to the top of the tubular sleeve, and a disc slidably connected within the tubular sleeve; the disc is fixed to the upper end of the piston rod; the hydraulic cylinder further comprises a retaining ring slidably connected within the cylinder barrel and an adjusting mechanism for adjusting the height of the retaining ring within the cylinder barrel; the hydraulic cylinder is operated by pressurized oil. When used with an annular boss and a disc, it drives the tubular sleeve and the disc to move downwards synchronously. After the tubular sleeve abuts against the retaining ring, the disc can slide independently along the inner wall of the tubular sleeve. By adjusting the axial position of the retaining ring through the adjustment mechanism, the limit stroke of the tubular sleeve is changed, thereby controlling the switching position of the two-stage thrust. The hydraulic cylinder also includes multiple first through holes opened on the top of the disc and a pressure relief component set in the first through holes. The pressure relief component is integrated inside the disc and is used to overflow and stabilize the hydraulic oil on the upper side of the disc. By limiting the upper limit of the oil pressure through the pressure relief component, the two-stage thrust clamping condition has independent overload protection capability.

[0006] Preferably, the pressure relief assembly includes a first fixed tube detachably connected to the first through hole, a first conical sleeve fixedly inserted into the first fixed tube, and a first sealing ball movably sealed with the first conical sleeve; the pressure relief assembly also includes a first extrusion assembly for extruding the first sealing ball; when the oil pressure in the cavity above the disc reaches a set threshold, the first sealing ball is pushed out of the sealing position, so that the high-pressure oil overflows and relieves pressure, which is used to stabilize the clamping load during lithium battery disassembly.

[0007] Preferably, the first extrusion assembly includes a first spring connected to the first sealing ball, a first hollowed-out disc connected to the first spring, and a first lifting assembly for driving the first hollowed-out disc to move up and down; the first hollowed-out disc slides within the first fixed tube; the position of the first hollowed-out disc is adjusted by the first lifting assembly, thereby changing the pre-compression of the first spring and adjusting the pressure relief and start-up oil pressure.

[0008] Preferably, the first lifting assembly includes two first sleeves connected to the first hollowed-out disk, a first rod slidably connected within each first sleeve, and a first fixing block connected between the first rod and the first fixed pipe; the first lifting assembly also includes a first threaded pipe connected to the first hollowed-out disk, a first threaded rod threadedly connected within the first threaded pipe, and a second fixing block connected between the first threaded rod and the first fixed pipe; the first threaded rod and the second fixing block are rotatably connected; the first lifting assembly also includes a first internal hexagonal groove formed at the top of the first threaded rod; the first sleeve and the first rod cooperate to guide movement, and the first hollowed-out disk is moved axially by rotating the first threaded rod.

[0009] Preferably, the adjusting mechanism includes a lifting ring disposed below the cylinder, two guide rods connected between the lifting ring and the retaining ring, and a second lifting assembly for driving the lifting ring to rise and fall; the guide rods are disposed through the bottom of the cylinder; the guide rods are used to transmit displacement so that the retaining ring rises and falls synchronously with the lifting ring.

[0010] Preferably, the second lifting assembly includes a second sleeve connected to the bottom of the cylinder and a second rod connected between the second sleeve and the lifting ring; the second rod slides within the second sleeve; the second lifting assembly further includes a second threaded pipe connected to the bottom of the cylinder, a second threaded rod connected between the second threaded pipe and the lifting ring, and a second internal hexagonal groove formed at the lower end of the second threaded rod; the second threaded rod is threadedly connected to the second threaded pipe and rotatably connected to the lifting ring; the second sleeve and the second rod cooperate to guide the lifting, and the lifting ring moves vertically by rotating the second threaded rod.

[0011] Preferably, the hydraulic cylinder further includes a first buffer assembly for buffering between the tubular sliding sleeve and the retaining ring; the first buffer assembly includes a plurality of second through holes opened on the top of the retaining ring and a first ring fixedly inserted into the tubular sliding sleeve; a first sealed chamber can be formed between the tubular sliding sleeve, the retaining ring and the first ring; the tubular sliding sleeve descends and compresses the hydraulic oil in the chamber, and the oil is discharged through the second through holes, so that the tubular sliding sleeve decelerates and buffers when it approaches the retaining ring.

[0012] Preferably, the hydraulic cylinder further includes a second buffer assembly for buffering between the disc and the annular boss; the second buffer assembly includes a plurality of third through holes opened at the bottom of the annular boss and a second ring fixedly connected to the top of the disc; a second sealed chamber can be formed between the annular boss, the disc and the second ring; the disc compresses the hydraulic oil in the chamber as it moves upward, and the oil is discharged through the third through holes, thereby reducing the impact when the disc approaches the annular boss.

[0013] Preferably, the hydraulic cylinder further includes a one-way component disposed in each second through hole and each third through hole; each one-way component includes a second fixed tube detachably connected to the second through hole and the third through hole, a second tapered tube fixedly inserted into the second fixed tube, and a second sealing ball that is movably sealed with the second tapered tube; the one-way component further includes a second extrusion component for extruding the second sealing ball; the second extrusion component keeps the second sealing ball in a sealed state, allowing only unidirectional flow of oil to form a buffer damping.

[0014] Preferably, the second extrusion assembly includes a second perforated disc fixedly inserted into the second fixed tube and a second spring connected between the second perforated disc and the second sealing ball; the second spring is used to continuously apply a pre-tightening force to the second sealing ball; when the oil pressure inside the sealed cavity increases, it pushes open the second sealing ball, allowing the oil to flow and creating a buffer; after the pressure is balanced, the second spring drives the second sealing ball to reseal.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0016] This type of hydraulic actuator for lithium battery dismantling uses pressurized oil to act on an annular boss and a disc, driving a tubular sleeve and a disc to move downwards synchronously to achieve rapid unloaded feeding. After the tubular sleeve abuts against the retaining ring, the disc can slide independently along the inner wall of the tubular sleeve to complete low-pressure steady-state pressure application. The axial position of the retaining ring is adjusted by the adjusting mechanism, thereby changing the limit stroke of the tubular sleeve and controlling the two-stage thrust switching position. The pressure relief component located in the first through hole at the top of the disc implements overflow pressure stabilization for the hydraulic oil on the upper side of the disc, and limits the upper limit of the oil pressure through the pressure relief component, so that the two-stage thrust clamping condition has independent overload protection capability. This mechanism integrates the two-stage thrust switching structure and the overload protection structure into the cylinder body, eliminating the need for an external multi-way valve group and an external overflow oil circuit. The thrust switching stroke can be directly adjusted in the cylinder body, adapting to the dismantling operations of lithium batteries of different specifications. It solves the defects of existing two-stage thrust cylinders, such as complicated pipelines, inconvenient thrust switching stroke adjustment, delayed response of external overflow protection, and large assembly space occupation. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall appearance of the hydraulic actuator for disassembling lithium batteries according to the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the basic internal assembly of the hydraulic cylinder of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the cylinder barrel of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 4 This is a half-section diagram showing the internal core structure of the hydraulic cylinder of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the bottom retaining ring adjustment mechanism of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 6 This is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of the buffer and pressure relief area at the upper end of the hydraulic cylinder of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the overall shape of the unidirectional component of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of the internal structure of the unidirectional component of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the external shape of the pressure relief component at the top of the disc in this invention;

[0026] Figure 10 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the pressure relief component at the top of the disc in this invention.

[0027] In the diagram: 101, cylinder; 102, upper end cover; 103, lower end cover; 104, first oil inlet / outlet; 105, second oil inlet / outlet; 106, piston rod; 107, flange; 12, tubular sleeve; 201, first through hole; 202, first fixed tube; 203, first conical sleeve; 204, first sealing ball; 301, first hollowed-out disc; 302, first spring; 401, first fixed block; 402, first sleeve rod; 403, first sleeve; 404, second fixed block; 405, first threaded tube; 406, first threaded tube. 407. Threaded rod; 501. Guide rod; 502. Lifting ring; 601. Second sleeve; 602. Second sleeve rod; 603. Second threaded tube; 604. Second threaded rod; 605. Second internal hexagonal groove; 701. Second through hole; 702. First ring; 801. Third through hole; 802. Second ring; 901. Second fixing tube; 902. Second tapered tube; 903. Second sealing ball; 1001. Second hollowed-out disc; 1002. Second spring; 11. Annular boss; 13. Disc; 14. Retaining ring. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] Please see Figures 1-10This invention provides a hydraulic actuator for disassembling lithium batteries, including a hydraulic cylinder, which is the sole actuating component of the hydraulic actuator. The hydraulic cylinder includes a cylinder barrel 101, a first inlet / outlet port 104, a second inlet / outlet port 105, and a piston rod 106. An upper end cover 102 is detachably connected to the top of the cylinder barrel 101, and a lower end cover 103 is detachably connected to the bottom of the cylinder barrel 101. A flange 107 is fixedly fitted onto the side wall of the cylinder barrel 101 for installation and fixation. The hydraulic cylinder also includes a tubular sleeve 12 slidably connected within the cylinder barrel 101, an annular boss 11 rigidly sealed to the top of the tubular sleeve 12, and a disc 13 slidably connected to the inner wall of the tubular sleeve 12. The disc 13 and the piston rod 106... The upper end is rigidly fixed and can move axially synchronously with the piston rod 106; the annular boss 11 and the tubular sleeve 12 are integrated synchronous motion components; the annular boss 11 and the disc 13 are independent of each other and are not rigidly connected, but can generate relative axial displacement. The outer wall of the tubular sleeve 12 is equipped with a sealing ring to form a sliding seal with the inner wall of the cylinder 101. A sealing ring is set at the connection position between the annular boss 11 and the tubular sleeve 12 to achieve a static seal. The outer wall of the disc 13 is equipped with a sealing ring to form a sliding seal with the inner wall of the tubular sleeve 12. Multiple sealing structures separate the hydraulic chambers to prevent oil from crossing chambers and ensure stable pressure establishment in each chamber; the hydraulic cylinder also includes a retaining ring 14 and a drive retaining ring 14 slidably connected in the cylinder 101. The cylinder 101 includes an adjustment mechanism for lifting and lowering adjustment; when pressurized oil acts on the upper surface of the annular boss 11, initially the lower end face of the annular boss 11 is in contact with the upper end face of the disc 13, and the hydraulic pressure is transmitted through the contact surface to drive the tubular sleeve 12 and the disc 13 to move downward synchronously; after the tubular sleeve 12 moves down to the lower end against the retaining ring 14, the tubular sleeve 12 and the annular boss 11 stop moving downward, and the disc 13 can slide downward independently along the inner wall of the tubular sleeve 12, realizing automatic switching of two-stage thrust; by adjusting the axial position of the retaining ring 14 through the adjustment mechanism, the limit stroke of the tubular sleeve 12 is changed, thereby controlling the switching position of the two-stage thrust; the hydraulic cylinder also includes multiple first through holes 201 opened on the top of the disc 13 and a setting A pressure relief component is located within the first through hole 201. The pressure relief component is integrated inside the disc 13 and is used to overflow and stabilize the hydraulic oil on the upper side of the disc 13. By limiting the upper limit of the oil pressure through the pressure relief component, the two-stage thrust clamping condition has independent overload protection capability. The pressurized oil acts on the annular boss 11, and the force is transmitted by the annular boss 11 and the disc 13, driving the tubular sleeve 12 and the disc 13 to move downward synchronously to achieve no-load rapid feed. After the tubular sleeve 12 abuts against the retaining ring 14, the tubular sleeve 12 is limited to a stationary position, and the disc 13 slides independently along the inner wall of the tubular sleeve 12 to complete the low-pressure steady-state pressure application. The axial position of the retaining ring 14 is adjusted by the adjustment mechanism, so that the limit stroke of the tubular sleeve 12 is changed, thereby controlling the two-stage thrust switching position.The pressure relief component located in the first through hole 201 at the top of the disc 13 provides overflow and pressure stabilization for the hydraulic oil on the upper side of the disc 13. By limiting the upper limit of the oil pressure through the pressure relief component, the secondary thrust clamping condition has independent overload protection capability. This mechanism integrates the two-stage thrust switching structure and the overload protection structure into the cylinder body, eliminating the need for external multi-way valve groups and external overflow oil circuits. The thrust switching stroke can be directly adjusted within the cylinder body, adapting to the disassembly of lithium batteries of different specifications. This solves the shortcomings of existing two-stage thrust cylinders, such as complex piping, inconvenient thrust switching stroke adjustment, delayed response of external overflow protection, and large assembly space requirements.

[0030] Please see Figure 6 , Figure 9 and Figure 10 The pressure relief assembly includes a first fixed tube 202 detachably and sealingly connected to the first through hole 201, a first conical sleeve 203 fixedly inserted into the first fixed tube 202, and a first sealing ball 204 movably and sealingly connected to the first conical sleeve 203; the pressure relief assembly also includes a first compression assembly for compressing the first sealing ball 204; the pressure relief assembly has a one-way overflow characteristic: it only allows oil to flow downstream from the upper cavity of the disc 13, continuously blocking the reverse flow of oil into the upper cavity of the disc 13; when the oil acts in reverse, the pressure relief assembly always remains in a sealed and locked state; when the oil pressure in the upper cavity of the disc 13 reaches a set threshold, it pushes the first sealing ball 204. The high-pressure oil overflows and releases pressure after the seal is disengaged, which is used to stabilize the clamping load during lithium battery disassembly. Under normal operating conditions, the first extrusion assembly presses the first sealing ball 204 tightly against the first conical sleeve 203 to form a sealed oil circuit. When the oil pressure in the cavity exceeds the limit, the hydraulic pressure overcomes the pre-tightening force of the first extrusion assembly and pushes open the first sealing ball 204, and the high-pressure oil overflows and releases pressure through the first fixed pipe 202. The entire structure is integrated inside the cylinder through the first through hole 201, eliminating the need for an external overflow valve and auxiliary pipelines. The pressure relief response is rapid, effectively preventing leakage and pressure lag issues in external oil circuits, and precisely limiting the maximum clamping force to prevent cell overload damage during lithium battery disassembly operations.

[0031] Please see Figure 10The first compression assembly includes a first spring 302 connected to the first sealing ball 204, a first hollowed-out disc 301 connected to the first spring 302, and a first lifting assembly for driving the first hollowed-out disc 301 to move up and down. The first hollowed-out disc 301 slides axially within the first fixed tube 202. The first hollowed-out disc 301 is provided with a hollowed-out oil passage structure to ensure smooth passage of overflowing oil without forming a throttling obstruction to pressure relief. The two ends of the first spring 302 axially abut against the first sealing ball 204 and the first hollowed-out disc 301, respectively, to transmit force. The position of the first hollowed-out disc 301 is adjusted by the first lifting assembly, thereby changing the pre-compression of the first spring 302 and adjusting the pressure relief start oil pressure. Under normal conditions, the first spring 302 continuously applies a pre-tightening force to the first sealing ball 204, ensuring that the first sealing ball 204 is tightly fitted to the first conical sleeve 203 to maintain a seal. By driving the first hollowed-out disc 301 to slide along the first fixed tube 202 through the first lifting component, the pre-compression amount of the first spring 302 can be continuously adjusted to change the critical oil pressure required to open the first sealing ball 204, so as to realize the flexible adjustment of the pressure relief threshold. The corresponding maximum extrusion load can be set for different specifications of battery cells. When the two-stage thrust switching fails or the pressure rises abnormally due to material jamming, the pressure is promptly overflowed and relieved to prevent the battery cell from being overloaded and damaged, thereby improving the safety and versatility of the hydraulic cylinder in the lithium battery clamping and extrusion process.

[0032] Please see Figure 9 and Figure 10The first lifting assembly includes two first sleeves 403 connected to the first hollowed-out plate 301, a first rod 402 slidably connected within each first sleeve 403, and a first fixing block 401 connected between the first rod 402 and the first fixing pipe 202; the first lifting assembly also includes a first threaded pipe 405 connected to the first hollowed-out plate 301, a first threaded rod 406 threadedly connected within the first threaded pipe 405, and a second fixing block 404 connected between the first threaded rod 406 and the first fixing pipe 202; the first threaded rod 406 and the second fixing block 404 are rotatably connected, the first threaded rod 406 is made of stainless steel, has good rust resistance, and the threads are not easily corroded or jammed under long-term working conditions, making it easy to adjust repeatedly; the first lifting assembly also includes a first internal hexagonal groove 407 formed on the top of the first threaded rod 406; the first sleeve 403 and the first fixed pipe 202 are connected to the first hollowed-out plate 301; the first sleeve 403 and the first fixed pipe 202 are connected to the first hollowed-out plate 301, a first rod 402 slidably connected within each first sleeve 403, and a first fixing block 401 connected between the first rod 402 and the first fixing pipe 202; the first threaded rod 405 and the first fixed pipe 202 are rotatably connected, the first threaded rod 406 is rotatably connected, the first threaded rod 406 is rotatably connected, the first rod 406 is rotatably connected, the first rod 402 slidably connected, the first rod 402 slidably connected, the first fixed pipe 402 and the first fixed pipe 202 are rotatably connected, the first fixed pipe 405 is rot The rod 402 is used for movement guidance, and the two first sleeves 403 are symmetrically arranged to form a parallel double guide structure. The first hollowed-out disk 301 is moved axially by rotating the first threaded rod 406. After removing the lower end cover 103 of the oil cylinder, the screwdriver extends into and engages the first internal hexagonal groove 407 to drive the first threaded rod 406 to rotate. The first threaded tube 405 and the first hollowed-out disk 301 are driven to slide smoothly along the first fixed tube 202 axially by the thread transmission. The first sleeves 403 and the first sleeve rod 402 on both sides form a double guide structure, which restricts the circumferential deflection of the first hollowed-out disk 301 and ensures that the force is balanced and the movement is smooth during the movement of the first hollowed-out disk 301. This stabilizes the change of the pre-compression of the first spring 302 and realizes precise fine-tuning of the pressure relief start oil pressure. The guide structure is reliable in operation and can ensure the long-term accuracy of the pressure relief threshold adjustment, which is convenient for adjusting the extrusion protection parameters for different specifications of battery cells.

[0033] Please see Figure 3 and Figure 5The adjusting mechanism includes a lifting ring 502 located below the cylinder 101, two guide rods 501 connected between the lifting ring 502 and the retaining ring 14, and a second lifting assembly for driving the lifting ring 502 to rise and fall. The guide rods 501 penetrate the bottom of the cylinder 101 and slide in a sealed fit with it, i.e., the guide rods 501 penetrate the lower end cover 103. A sealing ring is provided at the mating part between the lower end cover 103 and the guide rods 501 to ensure a seal. The guide rods 501 transmit displacement, causing the retaining ring 14 to rise and fall synchronously with the lifting ring 502. The second lifting assembly drives... When the moving lifting ring 502 moves axially along the cylinder 101, the lifting ring 502 drives the retaining ring 14 inside the cylinder 101 to move synchronously through the guide rod 501; the two guide rods 501 are symmetrically arranged to ensure that the retaining ring 14 is subjected to uniform force and maintains a horizontal posture during the lifting process, avoiding tilting and jamming; by changing the axial position of the retaining ring 14 inside the cylinder 101, the downward limit position of the tubular sliding sleeve 12 can be adjusted, changing the trigger stroke of the two-stage thrust switching; when replacing different specifications of battery cells, the stroke parameters can be adjusted directly outside the cylinder without disassembling the cylinder body, making the debugging operation convenient and efficient.

[0034] Please see Figure 5 The second lifting assembly includes a second sleeve 601 connected to the bottom of the cylinder 101 and a second sleeve rod 602 connected between the second sleeve 601 and the lifting ring 502; the second sleeve rod 602 slides within the second sleeve 601; the second lifting assembly also includes a second threaded pipe 603 connected to the bottom of the cylinder 101, a second threaded rod 604 connected between the second threaded pipe 603 and the lifting ring 502, and a second internal hexagonal groove 605 formed at the lower end of the second threaded rod 604; the second threaded rod 604 is threadedly connected to the second threaded pipe 603 and rotatably connected to the lifting ring 502; the second sleeve 601 and the second sleeve rod 602 cooperate for lifting guidance; the second sleeve 601 and the second sleeve rod 602 are arranged in pairs. A guide pair is formed to prevent rotation, limiting the lifting ring 502 from rotating with the threaded rod. The lifting ring 502 can be moved vertically by rotating the second threaded rod 604. The screwdriver can be inserted directly into the second internal hexagonal groove 605 from the outside of the cylinder to drive the second threaded rod 604 to rotate, and the lifting ring 502 is pushed to move vertically by means of thread transmission. The second sleeve 601 and the second sleeve rod 602 form a guide pair to limit the circumferential deflection of the lifting ring 502 and ensure that the lifting ring 502 moves smoothly. The operator can adjust the position of the lifting ring 502 from the outside without disassembling the cylinder components, and simultaneously drive the retaining ring 14 to change the position of the two-stage thrust switching, which is convenient for flexibly adjusting the idle stroke propulsion distance and the low-pressure extrusion starting point according to the cell size, and the debugging is convenient.

[0035] Please see Figures 2-4The hydraulic cylinder also includes a first buffer assembly for buffering between the tubular sleeve 12 and the retaining ring 14; the first buffer assembly includes a plurality of second through holes 701 opened at the top of the retaining ring 14 and a first ring 702 fixedly inserted into the tubular sleeve 12, the first ring 702 being movable to the inner wall of the retaining ring 14; a first sealed chamber can be formed between the tubular sleeve 12, the retaining ring 14 and the first ring 702; the tubular sleeve 12 descends to compress the hydraulic oil in the chamber, the oil passing through the second The through-hole 701 discharges, allowing the tubular sleeve 12 to decelerate and buffer as it approaches the retaining ring 14. When the tubular sleeve 12 descends to a position near the retaining ring 14, the first ring 702, the tubular sleeve 12, and the retaining ring 14 cooperate to form a first sealed chamber. As the tubular sleeve 12 continues to move downward, it compresses the hydraulic oil in the first sealed chamber, allowing the oil to be discharged only through the second through-hole 701. The throttling effect generates hydraulic back pressure, creating buffer resistance and gradually reducing the moving speed of the tubular sleeve 12, preventing... The tubular sleeve 12 and the retaining ring 14 directly and rigidly impact each other; the throttling damping can be adjusted by changing the diameter and number of the second through hole 701 to match the buffering requirements of the cell extrusion condition; during the upward return phase of the cylinder, pressurized oil is introduced into the second oil inlet / outlet 105 to drive the piston rod 106 and the disc 13 to move upward actively, and the first oil inlet / outlet 104 is connected to the return oil; in the initial upward phase, the lower end of the tubular sleeve 12 abuts against the retaining ring 14, and the tubular sleeve 12 does not have hydraulic oil to provide upward driving force, thus maintaining... The disk 13 moves upward independently from its rest position until the upper surface of the disk 13 mechanically abuts against the lower surface of the annular boss 11. Only then can the tubular sleeve 12 be driven to disengage from the retaining ring 14 and move upward synchronously. As the tubular sleeve 12 moves upward, the volume of the first sealed chamber increases, thereby generating a slight negative pressure. The amplitude of this negative pressure is low and will not significantly hinder the reset movement of the tubular sleeve 12. When the first ring 702 disengages from the inner wall of the retaining ring 14, the hydraulic oil enters the first sealed chamber and is no longer under negative pressure.

[0036] Please see Figure 4 and Figure 6The hydraulic cylinder also includes a second buffer assembly for buffering between the disc 13 and the annular boss 11; the second buffer assembly includes a plurality of third through holes 801 opened at the bottom of the annular boss 11 and a second ring 802 fixedly connected to the top of the disc 13, the second ring 802 being movable to the inner wall of the annular boss 11; a second sealed chamber can be formed between the annular boss 11, the disc 13 and the second ring 802; the disc 13 compresses the hydraulic oil in the chamber as it moves upward, and the oil flows through the third through holes 801... 01 discharge reduces the impact of collision when the disc 13 approaches the annular boss 11; when the disc 13 rises to a position near the annular boss 11, the annular boss 11, the disc 13, and the second ring 802 cooperate to form a second sealed chamber; the disc 13 continues to move upwards, squeezing the hydraulic oil in the second sealed chamber, and the oil can only flow out through the third through hole 801. Relying on the throttling effect, hydraulic back pressure is generated to form a buffer resistance, which smoothly reduces the upward speed of the disc 13 and avoids collision between the disc 13 and the annular boss. Platform 11 experiences a rigid impact; the throttling damping can be adjusted by changing the diameter and number of the third through hole 801 to match the buffering condition of the cylinder's retraction stroke; during the downward feeding phase of the cylinder, pressurized oil is introduced into the first inlet / outlet 104 to drive the annular boss 11 and the tubular sleeve 12 to move downward together, while the disc 13 and the annular boss 11 remain in contact and move downward synchronously, and the volume of the second sealed chamber remains constant, with no negative pressure generated; when the tubular sleeve 12 moves downward to the limit against the retaining ring 14, it stops moving, and the disc 13 is in hydraulic... As it continues to move downwards, the disc 13 separates from the annular boss 11, the volume of the second sealed chamber expands and forms a negative pressure, and the disc 13 needs to overcome this negative pressure to move downwards. As a preferred solution, a magnetic attraction component can be provided on the opposite end face of the disc 13 and the annular boss 11. The magnetic attraction force ensures that the disc 13 and the annular boss 11 are tightly attached to each other in the initial stage of downward movement, maintaining a synchronous motion state. When the second ring 802 separates from the annular boss 11, the hydraulic oil enters the second sealed chamber and is no longer in a negative pressure state.

[0037] Please see Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8The hydraulic cylinder also includes a one-way assembly disposed in each second through hole 701 and each third through hole 801; each one-way assembly includes a second fixed tube 901 detachably connected to the second through hole 701 and the third through hole 801, a second tapered tube 902 fixedly inserted into the second fixed tube 901, and a second sealing ball 903 that is movably sealed to the second tapered tube 902; the one-way assembly also includes a second compression assembly for compressing the second sealing ball 903; the second compression assembly keeps the second sealing ball 903 sealed, allowing only unidirectional oil flow to form a buffer damping; the one-way assemblies in the second through hole 701 and the third through hole 801 have the same structure, but are assembled in opposite directions, so that the oil flow directions allowed for the two are different; the tubular sliding sleeve 12 descends in a buffering phase. The first sealed chamber generates high-pressure oil, which can open the second sealing ball 903 in the second through hole 701 to release oil outwards; during the upward buffering stage of the disc 13, the second sealed chamber generates high-pressure oil, which can open the second sealing ball 903 in the third through hole 801 to release oil outwards; when the oil flows in the opposite direction, the second extrusion component pushes the second sealing ball 903 to press the second tapered tube 902 to achieve a seal; relying on the reverse assembly method, the buffering oil release requirements of two opposing movement positions can be met by using unidirectional components of the same specification, reducing the types of parts, while ensuring that both buffer strokes can stably form throttling damping; the unidirectional component is detachable as a whole, which is convenient for maintenance and replacement; the unidirectional component only opens to release oil when the high pressure is established in the buffer sealed chamber; the passage is normally closed during the non-buffering stage to prevent the buffer chamber from depressurizing prematurely and causing buffer failure.

[0038] Please see Figure 8The second extrusion assembly includes a second perforated disc 1001 fixedly inserted into the second fixed tube 901 and a second spring 1002 connected between the second perforated disc 1001 and the second sealing ball 903. The second spring 1002 is made of stainless steel, which can withstand long-term immersion in hydraulic oil, is not prone to rust, and ensures stable elasticity under long-term repeated opening and closing conditions. The second spring 1002 is used to continuously apply preload to the second sealing ball 903. When the oil pressure inside the sealed cavity increases, it pushes open the second sealing ball 903, allowing oil flow and creating a buffer. After the pressure balances, the second spring 1002 drives the second sealing ball 903 to reseal. The second perforated disc 1001 is the second spring 1002. 002 provides reliable support, and the hollow structure ensures smooth oil flow without obstructing fluid flow. When the oil pressure in the first or second sealed chamber exceeds the preload of the second spring 1002, the hydraulic oil pushes the second sealing ball 903 to overcome the spring force and disengage from the second tapered tube 902, and the oil is discharged outward to form a throttling buffer. When the oil pressure in the sealed chamber drops and the pressure tends to balance, the second spring 1002, relying on the preload, pushes the second sealing ball 903 to press tightly against the second tapered tube 902, quickly restoring the sealing state and blocking the reverse flow of oil. The opening pressure can be flexibly adjusted by selecting second springs 1002 with different stiffnesses to adapt to the buffering and damping requirements under different working conditions.

[0039] Working principle: During the downward pressing phase of the equipment, pressurized oil is delivered to the rodless chamber at the top of the cylinder 101 through the first inlet / outlet port 104. Driven by the hydraulic oil pressure, the annular boss 11, the tubular sleeve 12, and the disc 13 move downwards in a coordinated manner, driving the piston rod 106, which is rigidly connected to the disc 13, to move downwards simultaneously. Under this condition, the effective pressure-bearing area of ​​the hydraulic oil is divided into two parts: one is the annular pressure-bearing surface at the top of the annular boss 11, and the other is the circular pressure-bearing surface at the top of the disc 13. The total effective pressure-bearing area of ​​the cylinder is the sum of the two, thus outputting a large thrust, which can drive the piston rod 106 to feed rapidly under no-load conditions, significantly shortening the no-load stroke time and improving the cycle time and production efficiency of the entire lithium battery dismantling line.

[0040] During the downward movement of the tubular sliding sleeve 12, the first ring 702 fixed at its lower end moves downward together. When the tubular sliding sleeve 12 approaches the upper end face of the retaining ring 14, the tubular sliding sleeve 12, the first ring 702 and the retaining ring 14 form a first sealed chamber. The pressurized hydraulic oil in the chamber can only be discharged through several second through holes 701 opened at the top of the retaining ring 14. After the oil enters the interior of the second fixed tube 901, the oil pressure overcomes the preload of the second spring 1002 and pushes the second sealing ball 903 away from the second tapered tube 902. The compressed second spring 1002 forms a throttling damping, and the hydraulic oil slowly flows out from the gap of the second tapered tube 902. The hydraulic buffering is achieved by relying on the throttling resistance of the oil, which effectively eliminates the impact, abnormal noise and wear of parts caused by the rigid collision between the tubular sliding sleeve 12 and the retaining ring 14.

[0041] As the piston rod 106 continues to descend until its bottom pressure end is about to contact the lithium battery cell workpiece, the lower end face of the tubular sleeve 12 abuts against the upper end face of the limiting ring 14, and the annular boss 11 and the tubular sleeve 12 as a whole stop axial movement. The continuously supplied pressure oil acts only on the upper end face of the disc 13, pushing the disc 13 to slide downwards along the inner wall of the tubular sleeve 12. At this time, the effective pressure-bearing area of ​​the cylinder is only the single upper circular end face of the disc 13, and the output thrust automatically decreases, switching to a low-pressure steady-state clamping condition to prevent instantaneous high-pressure squeezing from causing damage to the lithium battery cell casing and breakage of the internal active materials. If the battery cell gets stuck during the clamping process and the oil pressure inside the cavity continues to rise beyond the limit, the high-pressure oil will pass through the first through hole 201 on the top surface of the disc 13, pushing the first sealing ball 204 to overcome the preload of the first spring 302 and disengage from the first conical sleeve 203. The pressure relief channel will be open, and the high-pressure oil will flow into the rod cavity below the disc 13 through the first conical sleeve 203 to complete the in-situ overflow pressure relief. When the oil pressure drops back to the safe threshold, the first spring 302 will rebound and press the first sealing ball 204 against the first conical sleeve 203, and the pressure relief channel will be automatically closed to maintain a stable low-pressure clamping force.

[0042] To meet the disassembly requirements of lithium batteries with different materials and pressure resistance thresholds, the pressure relief opening pressure can be infinitely adjusted: Extend the piston rod 106 to its maximum stroke to move the disc 13 to the lowest point of the cylinder 101. Remove the lower end cap 103 at the bottom of the cylinder. Use an Allen wrench to insert into the first hexagonal groove 407 at the top of the first threaded rod 406 and rotate it. The first threaded rod 406 engages with the first threaded tube 405 to achieve axial lifting, causing the first hollow disc 301 to slide up and down along the inside of the first fixed tube 202, simultaneously changing the initial compression preload of the first spring 302. Increasing the spring preload raises the pressure relief opening oil pressure, and vice versa, thus adapting to the disassembly pressure requirements of various types of lithium batteries, significantly improving the equipment's versatility. The first fixing tube 202 is detachably assembled inside the first through hole 201. The first fixing block 401, the second fixing block 404, the first sleeve rod 402, and the first sleeve 403 constitute a guide and limiting structure to ensure that the first hollow disk 301 moves smoothly without deviation.

[0043] For lithium batteries of different thicknesses, the stroke node for switching between two thrust levels can be flexibly adjusted: using an internal hexagon tool inserted into the second internal hexagon groove 605 at the bottom of the second threaded rod 604 for rotational drive; the threaded transmission between the second threaded rod 604 and the second threaded tube 603 drives the lifting ring 502 to rise and fall axially along the second sleeve 601 and the second sleeve rod 602. The lifting ring 502 synchronously pulls the retaining ring 14 to move up and down within the cylinder 101 through two symmetrically arranged guide rods 501, changing the limit height of the retaining ring 14, directly adjusting the maximum downward stroke of the tubular sliding sleeve 12, and precisely controlling the position of automatic thrust switching to adapt to the processing conditions of multi-size battery cells.

[0044] After the lithium battery disassembly process is completed, the hydraulic system reverses direction, and pressurized oil enters the lower rod chamber of the cylinder 101 through the second inlet / outlet 105. The oil pressure pushes the disc 13 upward along the inner wall of the tubular sleeve 12 to reset. When the upper end of the disc 13 approaches the bottom surface of the annular boss 11, the annular boss 11, the disc 13, and the second ring 802 fixed on the top of the disc 13 form a second sealed chamber. The hydraulic oil in the chamber can only be discharged outward through the third through hole 801 opened in the annular boss 11. The oil flows through the same set of single The second fixing tube 901, the second tapered tube 902, the second sealing ball 903, the second hollowed-out disc 1001, and the second spring 1002 of the component are throttled and buffered, and the impact between the disc 13 and the annular boss 11 is weakened by the oil damping. When the upper surface of the disc 13 is completely pressed against the bottom surface of the annular boss 11, the disc 13 pulls the annular boss 11 and the tubular sliding sleeve 12 to slide upward synchronously until all components are reset to the initial upper limit position, completing a single complete disassembly operation cycle, and waiting for the next downward feeding command.

Claims

1. A hydraulic actuator for disassembling lithium batteries, comprising a hydraulic cylinder, wherein the hydraulic cylinder is the sole actuating component of the hydraulic actuator; the hydraulic cylinder comprises a cylinder barrel (101), a first inlet / outlet port (104), a second inlet / outlet port (105), and a piston rod (106); characterized in that: The hydraulic cylinder further includes a tubular sleeve (12) slidably connected to the cylinder barrel (101), an annular boss (11) connected to the top of the tubular sleeve (12), and a disc (13) slidably connected to the tubular sleeve (12); the disc (13) is fixed to the upper end of the piston rod (106); the hydraulic cylinder further includes a retaining ring (14) slidably connected to the cylinder barrel (101) and an adjustment mechanism for adjusting the rise and fall of the retaining ring (14) within the cylinder barrel (101); when the pressurized oil acts on the annular boss (11) and the disc (13), it drives the tubular sleeve (12) and the disc (13) to move downward synchronously; the tubular sleeve (12) After the disc (13) abuts against the retaining ring (14), it can slide independently along the inner wall of the tubular sliding sleeve (12). The axial position of the retaining ring (14) is adjusted by the adjusting mechanism, so that the limit stroke of the tubular sliding sleeve (12) is changed, thereby controlling the switching position of the two-stage thrust. The hydraulic cylinder also includes multiple first through holes (201) opened on the top of the disc (13) and a pressure relief component set in the first through hole (201). The pressure relief component is integrated inside the disc (13) and is used to overflow and stabilize the hydraulic oil on the upper side of the disc (13). The pressure relief component limits the upper limit of the oil pressure, so that the second-stage thrust pressing condition has independent overload protection capability.

2. The hydraulic actuator for disassembling lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure relief assembly includes a first fixed tube (202) detachably connected to the first through hole (201), a first conical sleeve (203) fixedly inserted into the first fixed tube (202), and a first sealing ball (204) movably sealed with the first conical sleeve (203); the pressure relief assembly also includes a first extrusion assembly for extruding the first sealing ball (204); when the oil pressure in the cavity above the disc (13) reaches a set threshold, the first sealing ball (204) is pushed out of the sealing position, so that the high-pressure oil overflows and relieves pressure, which is used to stabilize the lithium battery disassembly clamping load.

3. The hydraulic actuator for disassembling lithium batteries according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first extrusion assembly includes a first spring (302) connected to the first sealing ball (204), a first hollowed-out disc (301) connected to the first spring (302), and a first lifting assembly that drives the first hollowed-out disc (301) to move up and down; the first hollowed-out disc (301) slides inside the first fixed tube (202); the position of the first hollowed-out disc (301) is adjusted by the first lifting assembly, so that the pre-compression amount of the first spring (302) is changed, thereby adjusting the pressure relief start oil pressure.

4. The hydraulic actuator for disassembling lithium batteries according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first lifting assembly includes two first sleeves (403) connected to the first hollowed-out disk (301), a first rod (402) slidably connected in each first sleeve (403), and a first fixing block (401) connected between the first rod (402) and the first fixing tube (202); the first lifting assembly also includes a first threaded tube (405) connected to the first hollowed-out disk (301), a first threaded rod (406) threadedly connected in the first threaded tube (405), and a second fixing block (404) connected between the first threaded rod (406) and the first fixing tube (202); the first threaded rod (406) and the second fixing block (404) are rotatably connected; the first lifting assembly also includes a first internal hexagonal groove (407) opened on the top of the first threaded rod (406); the first sleeves (403) and the first rod (402) cooperate to move and guide, and the first hollowed-out disk (301) is driven to move axially by rotating the first threaded rod (406).

5. A hydraulic actuator for disassembling lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjustment mechanism includes a lifting ring (502) disposed below the cylinder (101), two guide rods (501) connected between the lifting ring (502) and the retaining ring (14), and a second lifting assembly for driving the lifting ring (502) to rise and fall; the guide rods (501) are disposed through the bottom of the cylinder (101); the guide rods (501) are used to transmit displacement so that the retaining ring (14) rises and falls synchronously with the lifting ring (502).

6. A hydraulic actuator for disassembling lithium batteries according to claim 5, characterized in that: The second lifting assembly includes a second sleeve (601) connected to the bottom of the cylinder (101) and a second rod (602) connected between the second sleeve (601) and the lifting ring (502); the second rod (602) slides inside the second sleeve (601); the second lifting assembly also includes a second threaded pipe (603) connected to the bottom of the cylinder (101), a second threaded rod (604) connected between the second threaded pipe (603) and the lifting ring (502), and a second internal hexagonal groove (605) opened at the lower end of the second threaded rod (604); the second threaded rod (604) is threadedly connected to the second threaded pipe (603) and rotatably connected to the lifting ring (502); the second sleeve (601) and the second rod (602) cooperate for lifting guidance, and the lifting ring (502) is moved vertically by rotating the second threaded rod (604).

7. The hydraulic actuator for disassembling lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydraulic cylinder further includes a first buffer assembly for buffering between the tubular sliding sleeve (12) and the retaining ring (14); the first buffer assembly includes a plurality of second through holes (701) opened on the top of the retaining ring (14) and a first ring (702) fixedly inserted into the tubular sliding sleeve (12); a first sealed chamber can be formed between the tubular sliding sleeve (12), the retaining ring (14) and the first ring (702); the tubular sliding sleeve (12) descends and compresses the hydraulic oil in the chamber, and the oil is discharged through the second through holes (701), so that the tubular sliding sleeve (12) decelerates and buffers when it approaches the retaining ring (14).

8. A hydraulic actuator for disassembling lithium batteries according to claim 7, characterized in that: The hydraulic cylinder also includes a second buffer assembly for buffering between the disc (13) and the annular boss (11); the second buffer assembly includes a plurality of third through holes (801) opened at the bottom of the annular boss (11) and a second ring (802) fixedly connected to the top of the disc (13); a second sealed chamber can be formed between the annular boss (11), the disc (13) and the second ring (802); the disc (13) compresses the hydraulic oil in the chamber as it moves upward, and the oil is discharged through the third through holes (801), so that the impact is reduced when the disc (13) approaches the annular boss (11).

9. A hydraulic actuator for disassembling lithium batteries according to claim 8, characterized in that: The hydraulic cylinder further includes a one-way assembly disposed in each second through hole (701) and each third through hole (801); each one-way assembly includes a second fixed tube (901) detachably connected to the second through hole (701) and the third through hole (801), a second tapered tube (902) fixedly inserted into the second fixed tube (901), and a second sealing ball (903) movably sealed with the second tapered tube (902); the one-way assembly further includes a second extrusion assembly for extruding the second sealing ball (903); the second extrusion assembly keeps the second sealing ball (903) sealed, allowing only unidirectional flow of oil to form a buffer damping.

10. A hydraulic actuator for disassembling lithium batteries according to claim 9, characterized in that: The second extrusion assembly includes a second perforated disc (1001) fixedly inserted into the second fixed tube (901) and a second spring (1002) connected between the second perforated disc (1001) and the second sealing ball (903); the second spring (1002) is used to continuously apply a pre-tightening force to the second sealing ball (903); when the oil pressure inside the sealed cavity increases, it pushes open the second sealing ball (903) to allow the oil to flow and generate a buffer; after the pressure is balanced, the second spring (1002) drives the second sealing ball (903) to re-seal.

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