Illumination device and design method for dynamic and static features presentation of a fluid medium

Abstract

The application discloses an illuminating device and a design method for dynamic and static characteristics of a flowing medium, wherein the illuminating device comprises an illuminating assembly and a secondary light shaping assembly; the secondary light shaping assembly is a honeycomb grid or a light homogenizing piece accommodated in a light shielding cavity and an out-lighting barrel arranged in a ring shape at the outer periphery of the light shielding cavity; the lower end of the out-lighting barrel is provided with one or more combinations of a ring-shaped light shielding ring, and the central hole of the ring-shaped light shielding ring is a light source out-lighting channel. The application realizes a 360-degree omnibearing uniform light column effect of a particle beam by coaxial and common path configuration of a light source beam and a particle medium, solves the problem of a bright and dark half face of traditional side illumination, and simultaneously establishes a systematic multi-stage glare suppression architecture to synchronously solve three types of glare problems of direct glare, overflow glare and secondary flicker glare of different mechanisms, thereby eliminating glare while maintaining complete observability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of lighting technology, and in particular to an architectural and landscape lighting device and design method. Background Technology

[0002] Flowable particulate media, such as quicksand and hourglass devices, are non-Newtonian fluid systems composed of discrete particles like sand and glass beads. Their unique dynamic aesthetics and artistic expression have led to their widespread use in modern architectural landscapes, art installations, stage productions, and brand exhibitions. Furthermore, the significant physical and engineering properties exhibited by flowable particulate media have applications in various industrial and scientific fields, such as industrial particle screening and psychological rehabilitation training.

[0003] However, presenting the dynamic characteristics and aesthetic effects of fluid granular media has always been a challenge for lighting technology. Existing lighting technologies face the following technical problems when dealing with such applications:

[0004] Problem 1: The separation of the light source from the path of the flowing particles results in low lighting efficiency and poor light and shadow effects.

[0005] When the light source is projected from the side or from a distance, the quicksand particles are only illuminated on the side facing the light, while the side facing away from the light is in shadow. The sand column presents an uneven state of being half-lit and half-dark, failing to achieve the "light column" effect of being entirely luminous. At the same time, a large amount of light energy is wasted as it does not act on the particle flow, and it also generates stray light in the surrounding environment, weakening the artistic expressiveness of quicksand as a visual focal point.

[0006] Question 2: Glare interference exists through multiple mechanisms, including:

[0007] (1) Direct glare: The direct component of the external light source forms a high-brightness light spot in the observer's field of vision. Especially when the azimuth angle of the light source is close to the direction of the observer's line of sight, the direct light forms a small angle of incidence with the line of sight, and the glare index increases significantly, exceeding the comfort threshold. The comfort threshold is usually required to be UGR≤19.

[0008] (2) High-brightness focusing zone at the exit: At the light exit channel of the particulate medium, the superposition of the high-density aggregated area of ​​particles and the incident light forms a high-brightness area in the local area.

[0009] (3) Secondary flicker glare: The surface morphology of the particulate medium is random and the normal vector distribution is discrete. Irregular specular reflection and multiple scattering will form a large number of high-brightness "flickering points" in an instant. The location, duration and brightness peak of these flickering points are random, which constitutes a secondary glare source that is difficult to predict and systematically suppress.

[0010] Existing lighting solutions often rely on coarse light shields or reducing overall brightness to alleviate glare. However, the geometric parameters of the light shields, such as the shading angle and cutoff angle, lack a design that matches the spatial distribution of the particle beam. Reducing brightness, on the other hand, sacrifices the aesthetics and observability of the dynamic process of the medium, creating a technical contradiction between glare suppression and aesthetics.

[0011] Question 3: Lack of dedicated light distribution design for the scattering characteristics of quicksand particles.

[0012] Existing lighting fixtures primarily design their light distribution curves for building surface lighting, road lighting, or general display lighting. Their beam cross-section intensity distribution and spatial spread characteristics do not consider the optical scattering characteristics of flowing particulate media. Flowing particulate beams exhibit approximately cylindrical or micro-conical spatial distribution characteristics, with their radial density distribution typically following an approximately Gaussian distribution—that is, high particle density in the central region and low, dispersed particle density at the edges due to airflow disturbance. Existing lighting methods and devices struggle to accurately capture and present the sense of trajectory, velocity, volume, and texture layers of particulate media throughout their entire process from flow to deposition through beam geometry and optical parameter control.

[0013] Based on the aforementioned technical problems, there is an urgent need for a lighting method and device for fluid particulate media that can integrate the light source and the device structure without exposing the lighting device, effectively suppress various types of glare, depict the dynamic and static characteristics of particulate media in multiple layers, and have good durability and maintainability to meet the practical needs of display and viewing. Summary of the Invention

[0014] This invention provides an illumination device and design method for presenting the dynamic and static characteristics of flowing media. It designs the light distribution based on the scattering characteristics of quicksand particles to solve technical problems such as low illumination efficiency and glare interference.

[0015] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0016] An illumination device for presenting the dynamic and static characteristics of a fluid medium includes an illumination component and a secondary light-shaping component. The illumination component is housed in a light-shielding cavity and includes a light source and a primary optical component disposed in the light path of the light source. The secondary light-shaping component consists of a honeycomb grid and a light-diffusing component housed at one end of the light-emitting opening in the light-shielding cavity, and a light-emitting tube circumferentially disposed around the light-emitting opening at one end of the light-emitting cavity. The lower end of the light-emitting tube is provided with one or more combinations of annular light-shielding rings, and the circular hole in the middle of the annular light-shielding rings serves as the light-emitting channel of the light source.

[0017] The primary optical component is a light-distributing lens or a reflector; wherein the light-distributing lens is made of optical-grade polymethyl methacrylate, polycarbonate or borosilicate glass material by injection molding or compression molding process.

[0018] The light-emitting tube is a thin-walled metal tube, with a frustoconical or cylindrical shape, and its inner wall is treated with a matte finish; the length of the light-emitting tube... and bottom diameter Determined based on the cutoff angle requirement:

[0019] = arctan( / (2× ))

[0020] The inner surface of the annular light-shielding ring is treated with a matte finish.

[0021] The honeycomb grid is a grid plate composed of parallel hexagonal honeycomb units, and the unit diameter of the honeycomb grid is... and grating thickness Determine the equivalent cutoff angle:

[0022] = arctan( / )

[0023] The occlusion rate of forward light is ≤10%.

[0024] The light-diffusing element is frosted glass or a microprism diffuser, with a haze of 5% to 30%.

[0025] A design method for an illumination device that utilizes the aforementioned method for presenting the dynamic and static characteristics of a fluid medium comprises the following steps:

[0026] In step S1, the lighting component is located above the discharge component of the particulate medium, and the discharge component is arranged circumferentially around the lighting component. The optical axis of the light beam coincides with the central axis of the particulate medium after it is mixed and discharged.

[0027] Step S2, narrow-angle beam distribution constraint and beam envelope construction, specifically includes:

[0028] S21 features a narrow-angle light distribution design for the light source.

[0029] S22 is designed to match the aperture of the light source and the light output channel.

[0030] S23, which limits the cutoff angle and designs the edge light shape of the beam.

[0031] Step S3: The light source and the main structure are integrated into a hidden envelope design.

[0032] Step S4: Antistatic and dustproof treatment.

[0033] The light source is positioned in the central region of the light emission channel. The particulate medium flows out from the annular gap between the outer periphery of the light source and the inner wall of the light emission channel, forming an annular particle curtain. The light beam is projected downward from the center of the particle curtain. The annular gap between the light emission channel 55 and the light beam has circumferential uniformity, and the circumferential deviation of the gap width does not exceed ±10% of the nominal value. The flow rate and density of the annular particle curtain are uniformly distributed in the 360° direction.

[0034] In step S1, the light-emitting center point of the light source in the lighting assembly is located on the central axis of the light-emitting channel, at a vertical distance H from the exit plane of the light-emitting channel. s The following relationship must be satisfied:

[0035] = / (2×tan(θ / 2))

[0036] Among them, D out Let θ be the inner diameter of the light exit channel, and θ be the full half-peak angle (FWHM) of the beam output from the light source after passing through one optical element; the offset δ between the optical axis of the light source beam and the central axis of the exit plane of the light exit channel is ≤0.05× , the angle deviation α≤2°.

[0037] The narrow-angle light distribution design of the light source in S21 specifically includes:

[0038] The primary optics are configured to perform narrow-angle focusing on the Lambertian distribution light emitted from the light source, outputting a narrow-angle downlight beam with a half-peak full-angle (FWHM) range of 10° to 40°. The light distribution curve of the primary optics is designed as a modified Gaussian distribution, namely:

[0039] when ≤ At that time, I ( ) = × exp(-4ln2×( / )²)

[0040] when > At that time, I ( ) = 0

[0041] in, This represents the axial peak light intensity. The angle with the optical axis, It is half peak and half angle. It is the cutoff angle.

[0042] The specific design for matching the aperture of the light source and the light output channel in S22 includes:

[0043] The beam distribution design is used to adjust the beam spot diameter at the exit plane of the light output channel 55. With the inner diameter of the light output channel The following relationship must be satisfied:

[0044] With ≤ k ×

[0045] Where k is the beam-aperture matching coefficient, with a value ranging from 0.8 to 1.2.

[0046] The cutoff angle limitation and edge light shaping design of the beam in S23 specifically includes: selecting the combination of secondary light shaping components according to different particle medium characteristics and glare control requirements of the presentation and viewing area, so that the beam output by the illumination component forms a narrow-angle downlight beam that propagates along the falling direction of the particle medium, and the narrow-angle downlight beam covers the outer contour of the particle beam on the falling path of the particle medium, while suppressing edge light exceeding the predetermined cutoff angle; wherein the secondary light shaping component includes one or more combinations of light-emitting tube, annular light-shielding ring, honeycomb grid, and light-diffusing element.

[0047] The beneficial effects of this invention are reflected in:

[0048] 1. This invention achieves a beam effect of uniform light emission from the particle beam in all directions at 360° by coaxially and co-pathly configuring the light source beam and the particle medium, thus solving the problem of half-side illumination with light and shadow in traditional side lighting.

[0049] 2. This invention establishes a systematic multi-level glare suppression architecture, which simultaneously solves glare problems of three different mechanisms: direct glare, spill glare, and secondary flicker glare, while maintaining complete visual appeal and observability.

[0050] 3. This invention utilizes the coupling effect of the radial light intensity gradient and particle density gradient of narrow-angle light distribution, as well as the geometric relationship between the vertical beam and the inclined plane of the repose angle of the stacked body, to realize the multi-level light and shadow presentation of trajectory, speed, density, volume, surface texture and time in the entire process of particle medium from dynamic flow to static stacking.

[0051] 4. This invention achieves spatial coaxial coupling and integrated appearance of the light source module and the material discharge structure, so that the lighting equipment is completely concealed inside the device structure.

[0052] This invention is applicable to fields such as architectural lighting, exhibitions, landscaping, and art installations, and can be extended to industrial and scientific research scenarios involving particulate material handling, physical experimental observation of particulate flow, geological and environmental fluid simulation observation, and observation of material conveying and mixing processes. Attached Figure Description

[0053] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the lighting device of the present invention.

[0054] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the coaxial common path configuration of the light source beam and the particulate medium of the present invention.

[0055] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the design principle of the present invention.

[0056] Figure 4 This is a top view of the lighting device of the present invention.

[0057] Reference numerals: 1-Bearing structure component, 2-Discharge component, 3-Lighting component, 31-Light source, 32-Primary optical component, 4-Light-shielding cavity, 5-Secondary light-shaping component, 51-Honeycomb grid, 52-Light-diffusing component, 53-Light-emitting tube, 54-Annular light-shielding ring, 55-Light-emitting channel, 6-Structural coupling connector, 61-Position adjustment component, 62-Angle adjustment component, 8-Particle medium. Detailed Implementation

[0058] The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below through embodiments. The following embodiments are merely exemplary and can only be used to explain and illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the technical solutions of the present invention.

[0059] See the examples. Figure 1 As shown, an illumination device for presenting the dynamic and static characteristics of a fluid medium includes an illumination component 3 and a secondary light-shaping component 5. The illumination component 3 is housed within a light-shielding cavity 4 and includes a light source 31 and a primary optical component 32 disposed on the light path of the light source. The secondary light-shaping component 5 is used to further limit the cutoff angle, shape the edge light, or homogenize the light field of the beam output by the primary optical component. It is composed of a honeycomb grid 51 and a light homogenizer 52 housed at one end of the light-emitting opening in the light-shielding cavity 4, a light-emitting tube 53 arranged circumferentially around the light-emitting opening at one end of the light-emitting cavity 4, and a combination of one or more of the following: a ring-shaped light-shielding ring 54 is provided at the lower end of the light-emitting tube 53, and the circular hole in the middle of the ring-shaped light-shielding ring is the light-emitting channel 55 of the light source.

[0060] The lighting component is the core light source unit, used to generate a narrow-angle downlight beam coaxial with the particle beam. It is positioned above or around the discharge component and located within the light-shielding cavity.

[0061] The light source 31 is an RGBW four-channel LED light source and is connected to a control system. According to the material type, flow rate and output corresponding control commands of the particulate medium to be tested, the output ratio of each channel and the total output power of the RGBW four-channel LED light source are adjusted so that the emission spectrum matches the reflection spectrum of the particulate medium, thereby enhancing the presentation of the particulate medium characteristics of the LED light source array.

[0062] Alternatively, the light source 31 may consist of one or more LED chips or COB light sources. The LED chips are preferably warm white to neutral white light with a color temperature of 2700K-4000K. For warm-toned particles such as sand and ceramic granules, an RGBW multi-color LED array can also be selected to achieve dynamic adjustment of color temperature and color.

[0063] This embodiment includes a honeycomb grid 51, a light homogenizer 52, a light-emitting tube 53, and an annular light-shielding ring 54. The light beam emitted by the light source 31 passes through the primary optical element 32, the honeycomb grid 51, and the light homogenizer in sequence, is emitted through the light-emitting opening of the light-shielding cavity, enters the light-emitting tube, mixes with the particulate medium in the light-emitting tube, and flows out to the horizontal plane from the light-emitting channel 55 in the middle of the annular light-shielding ring. The optical axis of the light beam coincides with the central axis of the particulate medium 8 and is perpendicular to the horizontal plane.

[0064] In other embodiments, the light-emitting channel 55 corresponds to the outlet plane of the material outlet. If the annular light-shielding ring 54 is not provided, the light-emitting channel 55 also corresponds to this area and is regarded as the position of the outlet plane of the material outlet.

[0065] The primary optical component 32 is a light distribution lens or a reflector, used to perform narrow-angle light distribution processing on the near-Lambertian distribution light emitted by the LED light source array; wherein the light distribution lens is made of optical grade polymethyl methacrylate, polycarbonate or borosilicate glass material by injection molding or compression molding process.

[0066] It also includes a drive circuit: used to provide a stable constant current drive for the LED light source array. The drive circuit is installed inside the housing away from the discharge port (to avoid heat concentration), or connected to an external drive power supply via a cable.

[0067] The light-shielding cavity 4 has a cavity wall and a light-emitting opening. The cavity wall is used to shield the direct viewing path of the light source module from the observation direction.

[0068] The light-emitting tube 53 is a thin-walled metal tube, with a frustoconical or cylindrical shape. Its inner wall undergoes a matte finish treatment, such as coating with black anodized or black flocking, to absorb large-angle edge light exceeding the designed cutoff angle. The length of the light-emitting tube... and bottom diameter Determined based on the cutoff angle requirement:

[0069] = arctan( / (2× ))

[0070] The cutoff angle is the angle between the vertical axis of the luminaire and the line of sight at which the high-brightness light source is just out of sight. The requirement for the cutoff angle is to limit the glare from the light outlet.

[0071] The inner surface of the annular light-shielding ring 54 is treated with a matte finish, such as by coating with black anodized or black flocking. The annular light-shielding ring 54 also has a light guide ring, which is an annular light guide strip or light-emitting ring embedded in the inner wall of the discharge port. A side-coupled LED provides the light source, forming a soft annular auxiliary light band on the inner wall of the discharge port, serving as supplementary light to the main beam and reducing the shadow area on the inner wall of the discharge port.

[0072] The honeycomb grid 51, composed of parallel hexagonal honeycomb units, effectively restricts the passage of stray light at large angles, while controlling the occlusion rate of forward light to within 10%. The unit diameter of the honeycomb grid... and grating thickness Determine the equivalent cutoff angle: = arctan( / )

[0073] The equivalent cutoff angle refers to the maximum angle of incidence at which light can pass through a honeycomb grid cell without being blocked by the cell's sidewalls. It is not the inherent cutoff angle of a single optical element such as a lens, but rather determined by the diameter of the geometrically structured cell. and grating thickness The equivalent angle threshold.

[0074] The light homogenizer 52 is disposed at a specific position in the optical channel and is used to smooth the local light intensity hot spot and improve the light intensity uniformity of the beam cross section. The light homogenizer 52 is frosted glass or microprism diffuser with a haze of 5% to 30%. The light homogenizer can also be further defined as a diffuser.

[0075] See Figure 4 As shown, the particulate medium 8 is a fluid particulate medium including but not limited to sand, granular glass, plastic granules, ceramsite, metal granules or mixtures thereof. It flows out through the discharge assembly 2 and into the light-emitting cylinder 53. The discharge assembly 2 is used to receive the particulate medium from the upstream storage container or the particulate conveying system and shape it into a vertically downward particulate stream. It includes a particulate medium conveying channel, a collecting cone, and a discharge opening. It is a conventional structure that can meet the requirements of particulate medium conveying. The discharge assembly 2 is uniformly arranged in a circumferential direction around the lighting assembly and is connected to the main body's supporting structure assembly 1. The supporting structure assembly 1 is used to connect and fix to the building ceiling or supporting frame. In this embodiment, the supporting structure assembly 1 is a cable structure, including a shell located at the center and radially distributed cables. The lighting device is set at the position corresponding to the center shell.

[0076] The lighting assembly is connected to the supporting structure assembly 1 via structural coupling connector 6. Structural coupling connector 6 is used to fix the lighting source module in a predetermined position inside the light-shielding cavity. The specific structure includes: a thermally conductive mounting base: a mounting base made of aluminum alloy or copper alloy, one side of which is in contact with the light source, and the other side is tightly in contact with the inner wall of the housing or the internal support. The thermally conductive mounting base also serves as the main heat conduction path for the lighting source, passively dissipating the working heat of the LED chip through the path of mounting base → inner wall of the housing → outer wall of the housing → air. The thermally conductive mounting base is also a mature existing method; a ready-made product can be purchased for installation.

[0077] In the preferred embodiment, the device further includes a position adjustment component 61 and an angle adjustment component 62, wherein:

[0078] Position adjustment component 61: The heat-conducting mounting base is provided with an elongated hole or guide groove, allowing the light source module to be finely adjusted horizontally within a range of ±5mm to achieve the axis alignment accuracy requirements in step S1. After adjustment, it is fixed by locking bolts.

[0079] Angle adjustment component 62: Through a ball joint or dual-axis hinge structure, the light source module can be finely adjusted within a range of ±3° to compensate for cumulative installation errors.

[0080] Both the position adjustment component 61 and the angle adjustment component 62 are standard installation methods, or you can purchase ready-made products and install them.

[0081] (7) Protective components: A light-transmitting protective cover is used to reduce dust accumulation; the surface of the light-transmitting protective cover may be coated with an anti-static coating.

[0082] See Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, a design method for an illumination device that applies the above-described method for presenting the dynamic and static characteristics of a fluid medium includes the following specific steps:

[0083] Step S1: The lighting component is located above the discharge component of the particulate medium, and the discharge component is arranged circumferentially around the lighting component. The optical axis of the light beam coincides with the central axis of the particulate medium 8 after mixing and discharge.

[0084] The light source is positioned in the central region of the light emission channel 55. The particulate medium flows out from the annular gap between the outer periphery of the light source and the inner wall of the light emission channel 55, forming an annular particulate curtain. The light beam is projected downward from the center of the particulate curtain. The annular gap between the light emission channel 55 and the light beam has circumferential uniformity, and the circumferential deviation of the gap width does not exceed ±10% of the nominal value. The flow rate and density of the annular particulate curtain are uniformly distributed in the 360° direction.

[0085] Step S2, narrow-angle beam distribution constraint and beam envelope construction, specifically includes:

[0086] S21 features a narrow-angle light distribution design for the light source;

[0087] S22, designed to match the aperture of the light source and the light output channel;

[0088] S23, cutoff angle limitation and edge light shaping design for the beam;

[0089] After the primary beam distribution and secondary beam shaping described above, the narrow-angle beam forms an approximately conical or cylindrical beam envelope below the outlet channel (discharge port). When a half-peak full-angle beam distribution of 20° to 30° is used, the beam envelope is conical with a smaller top and a larger bottom. Within a typical drop height range of 1m to 5m, the bottom diameter of the beam envelope is 1.4 to 3.6 times the diameter of the discharge port, ensuring complete coverage of the particle beam that gradually diverges due to gravitational acceleration and airflow disturbance.

[0090] Step S3, Integrated Hidden Envelope Design of Light Source and Main Structure: The lighting component is completely enclosed within the discharge port area of ​​the storage container using the supporting structural components, so that the light from the lighting component is not directly visible from any conventional viewing angle outside the device. The specific implementation method is as follows:

[0091] S31. Shielding Angle Range Design: The housing structure of the supporting structural component surrounds the lighting component 360° in the horizontal direction. The shielding angle β in the vertical direction, measured upwards from the outlet plane to the lowest visible edge of the housing, is not less than 45°, preferably not less than 60°. This shielding angle ensures that, at an observation position where the horizontal distance from the device's centerline equals the device's installation height, an observer cannot directly see the lighting component even at the maximum upward viewing angle.

[0092] S32. Integrated Appearance Design: The supporting structural component and the discharge port structure of the storage container form an integrated appearance envelope. Visually, there are no visible seams or gaps between the shell of the supporting structural component and the frustum-shaped discharge port structure; the entire device presents a complete structural body. The only light output channel for the lighting source module is the discharge port itself; light is emitted downwards only through the discharge port.

[0093] S33. Internal Space Layout: Inside the load-bearing structural components, the lighting component is located directly above the central axis of the discharge port. The light source is fixed to the inner wall of the housing or the internal support via structural coupling connectors. The space between the light source and the discharge port forms a light channel, which also serves as part of the guiding channel for the particulate medium to converge towards the discharge port. However, the installation position of the lighting component is higher than the highest arrival surface of the particulate medium flow to prevent particles from directly contacting the light source module.

[0094] Step S4, Antistatic and Dustproof Treatment: Install an antistatic light-transmitting protective cover. A light-transmitting protective cover is installed below the primary optical component of the lighting assembly. The cover is made of optical-grade tempered glass or PMMA material with a light transmittance ≥92%. The surface of the cover is coated with an antistatic coating to prevent electrostatic adsorption effects caused by surface charge accumulation.

[0095] In step S1, the light-emitting center point of the light source in the lighting assembly is located on the central axis of the light-emitting channel, at a vertical distance from the exit plane of the light-emitting channel 55. The following relationship must be satisfied:

[0096] = / (2×tan(θ / 2))

[0097] in, Let θ be the inner diameter of the light exit channel, and θ be the full-width angle (FWHM) of the beam output from the light source after passing through one optical element; the offset δ between the optical axis of the light source beam and the central axis of the exit plane of the light exit channel 55 is ≤0.05× The angular deviation α ≤ 2°; this alignment accuracy ensures that the deviation between the beam center and the particle beam center is within the particle beam radius and does not affect the brightness uniformity in the 360° direction.

[0098] The narrow-angle light distribution design of the light source in S21 specifically includes: setting a primary optics component to perform narrow-angle focusing processing on the Lambertian distribution light emitted by the light source, outputting a narrow-angle downlight beam with a half-peak full-angle FWHM within the range of 10° to 40°, and designing the light distribution curve of the primary optics component as a modified Gaussian distribution, namely:

[0099] when ≤ At that time, I ( ) = × exp(-4ln2×( / )²)

[0100] when > At that time, I ( ) = 0

[0101] in, This represents the axial peak light intensity. The angle with the optical axis, It is half peak and half angle. The cutoff angle is defined by this improved Gaussian distribution. It provides high light intensity in the central region to illuminate the high-density core particle area, smoothly decreases in intensity at the edges to softly illuminate the diffuse particle area, and rapidly decays to zero at the cutoff angle to prevent stray light from escaping.

[0102] The matching design of the light source and the aperture of the light exit channel in S22 specifically includes:

[0103] Through light distribution design, the spot diameter of the light beam at the exit plane of the light exit channel 55 is and the inner diameter of the light exit channel 55 satisfy the following relationship:

[0104] ≤ k ×

[0105] wherein k is the beam-aperture matching coefficient, with a value range of 0.8 to 1.2: when k<1, the edge of the light beam is completely converged within the inner wall of the light exit channel, realizing zero overflow light; when k=1, the edge of the light beam is exactly flush with the inner wall of the light exit channel; when 1<k≤1.2, the edge of the light beam slightly exceeds the inner wall of the light exit channel, but the exceeded part is cut off by the secondary light shaping component.

[0106] The cutoff angle limitation and edge light shaping design for the light beam in step S23 specifically includes: according to different particle medium characteristics, and the glare control requirements of the presentation and viewing area, the combination of secondary light shaping components is selected, so that the light beam output by the lighting component forms a narrow-angle downward light beam propagating along the falling direction of the particle medium, and the narrow-angle downward light beam covers the outer contour of the particle beam on the falling path of the particle medium, while suppressing the edge light exceeding the predetermined cutoff angle;

[0107] wherein the secondary light shaping component comprises one or a combination of more of a light outlet barrel, an annular light shielding ring, a honeycomb grille and a light homogenizing member, wherein the inner wall of the light outlet barrel is provided with a matte treatment for absorbing the edge light exceeding the cutoff angle; the annular light shielding ring is arranged on the outlet plane of the discharge outlet to form a physical cutoff boundary; the honeycomb grille is arranged in the light exit channel to restrict the passage of large-angle light and further tighten the cutoff angle of the light beam; the light homogenizing member is arranged at a specific position in the light channel to smooth the uneven local light intensity.

[0108] The present invention performs three-stage glare suppression treatment on the light output by the illumination light source module, systematically eliminating glare of various mechanisms from three levels: structural shielding, light distribution matching and light field homogenization:

[0109] The first stage is structural shielding to eliminate direct glare: the carrying structure assembly in step S3 forms full-angle physical shielding of the light source, eliminating the possibility of directly viewing the light source from a side angle. Let the observer's eye height be , the installation height of the device is , and the horizontal distance between the observer and the center line of the device is L, then the following shall be satisfied: β≥arctan(( - ) / ); wherein, β represents the minimum observation distance, and β is the shading angle of the supporting structure.

[0110] The second stage involves precise beam distribution matching to eliminate spillage glare: Through the matching design between the beam angle and the outlet diameter in step S2, the beam edge is precisely converged within or substantially flush with the outlet edge, eliminating non-functional stray light spilling from around the outlet. This optical configuration cuts off the spillage glare path around the outlet, ensuring that all light emitted from the light source is confined to the downward propagation range of the outlet.

[0111] The third stage involves light field homogenization and secondary glare suppression: a diffuse reflection surface treatment layer is applied to the inner wall of the light channel between the lighting component and the discharge port. The surface roughness Ra of the diffuse reflection surface treatment layer is in the range of 1.6 μm to 12.5 μm, and the diffuse reflectivity is in the range of 60% to 85%. The working mechanism of this diffuse reflection surface treatment layer is as follows: when the particulate medium flows through the inner region of the discharge port, the irregular specular reflection of some particle surfaces will reflect the incident light to the inner wall of the light channel; the diffuse reflection surface converts this highly directional reflected light into diffuse light with a near-Lambertian distribution, eliminating transient high-brightness directional reflection; after one or more diffuse reflections, the peak brightness of the reflected light is sufficiently attenuated. Specifically, after n diffuse reflections, the peak brightness is attenuated to ( ) of the original value. / π) n times, of which For diffuse reflectance, when n≥2, At 0.7, the peak brightness decays to less than 5% of the original value, which is below the flicker threshold that the human eye can perceive, thus effectively suppressing secondary flicker glare.

[0112] Ultimately, this invention utilizes the correspondence between the radial intensity gradient within the cross-section of the light beam and the spatial position of the particulate medium to achieve the following multi-layered light and shadow presentation:

[0113] 1. Beam trajectory presentation: As falling particles pass through the envelope of the beam, they are illuminated, each particle becoming an independent light scattering source. The collection of a large number of illuminated particles macroscopically forms a continuous luminous "beam" extending downward from the discharge port. Because the beam and the particle beam are coaxial and share the same path, the beam is projected from the axial direction of the particle beam. The light radiates uniformly from the center to the surrounding area within the beam cross-section. After being scattered by the particles, the beam exhibits a basically uniform brightness distribution when viewed from any direction at 360°.

[0114] 2. Presentation of speed and density: The light intensity is high in the central area of ​​the beam cross-section and low in the edge area. The high-density particle group located in the center of the beam is illuminated by strong light and presents a bright area, while the low-density particles located at the edge of the beam and dispersed due to airflow disturbance are illuminated by weak light and present a soft transition area. The coupling effect of this light intensity gradient and particle density naturally presents the sense of speed and density stratification of particle flow.

[0115] 3. Scattering texture presentation: Mie scattering generated by particles in the light beam causes the light to scatter to the side and back. Particles with different materials, particle sizes and surface finishes produce different scattering patterns and color temperature shifts, presenting the unique material texture of the granular medium.

[0116] This invention utilizes the angular relationship between the vertical beam direction and the inclined plane of the repose angle of the accumulated body to achieve the following static feature presentation:

[0117] 1. Sense of volume and outline: The vertical beam of light shines on the top of the pile to form a bright area. The angle of repose of the pile and the vertical beam of light form an angle, so that the brightness of the slope decreases as the angle of repose increases. This creates a natural light and shadow gradient on the side of the pile, outlining the three-dimensional volume and the contour line of the slope.

[0118] 2. Surface texture presentation: A vertical beam of light illuminates the inclined plane with a large incident angle, creating tiny shadows between the particles on the inclined plane, which enhances the visibility of the surface particle texture and presents the roughness and particle gradation characteristics of the deposited surface.

[0119] 3. Dynamic growth process presentation: As the particles continue to fall and accumulate, the accumulation body grows continuously. The light and shadow boundary line projected by the beam onto the accumulation body changes in real time with the change of the accumulation body shape, presenting the growth process of the accumulation body in the time sequence of light and shadow changes.

[0120] For working principle, please refer to Figure 3 As shown, a flowing sand art installation lighting system is presented in a large indoor architectural landscape space. The space is a circular dome structure with a diameter of approximately 12 meters and a maximum height of approximately 8 meters. The flowing sand installation is installed directly below the center of the dome, approximately 6 meters above the ground. The flowing sand medium is selected natural quartz sand with a particle size of 0.3–0.8 mm and a warm yellow to light gold color. The surface of the sand particles is polished to a semi-transparent state. The sand flows vertically from the outlet of the top device to the ground, forming a conical sand pile with a drop height of approximately 5.5 meters.

[0121] After installation and power-on, the drive circuit drives the light source with a constant current of 700mA, and the light source emits 1350lm of 3000K warm white light. After being distributed by the TIR lens, the light beam forms a narrow downward beam with an FWHM of 24°, which passes through the anti-static glass protective cover and shines downward through the light outlet tube and the discharge port.

[0122] When the sand storage tank is opened to supply sand, quartz sand particles are collected through the collecting cone to the discharge port, forming a vertical sand column of approximately 35mm in diameter that falls freely downwards. During the descent, the sand column remains within the coverage area of ​​the coaxial beam envelope.

[0123] At the discharge port h=0m: the light spot diameter is approximately 42mm, which is greater than the sand column diameter of 35mm, and the coverage is complete;

[0124] At a drop of 1m: the diameter of the beam is approximately 42 + 2 × 1000 × tan(12°) ≈ 42 + 425 = 467mm, while the diameter of the sand column expands to approximately 60~80mm due to airflow disturbance, completely covering the area;

[0125] At a drop of 3m: the beam diameter is approximately 42 + 2 × 3000 × tan(12°) ≈ 1317mm, and the sand column extends to approximately 120~200mm, completely covering the area;

[0126] At a drop of 5.5m (close to the ground): the beam diameter is approximately 2375mm, the sand column extends to approximately 200~350mm including the outermost scattered particles, and the coverage is complete.

[0127] During the entire descent process, each quartz grain produced characteristic Mie scattering after being illuminated by 3000K warm white light: the translucent quartz of the grains exhibited a warm amber transmitted halo and shimmering surface reflected light spots under the light. The aggregation of a large number of grains formed a continuous luminous column from the discharge port to the ground, and showed a uniform warm golden luminous effect when viewed from 360°.

[0128] Sand grains accumulate on the ground, forming a cone-shaped sand pile with an angle of repose of approximately 34°. Direct vertical illumination from 3000K warm white light makes the top of the sand pile the brightest and most illuminated. The brightness of the slope gradually decreases as the slope angle increases (cos34°≈0.83), creating a soft transition of shadows at the bottom edge of the sand pile. The micro-shadows between the grains on the slope make the sand grain texture clearly visible, with shadow lengths of approximately 1.43 × 0.5 mm ≈ 0.72 mm. As the sand continues to fall, the sand pile grows taller and larger, and the boundary between light and shadow continuously changes, forming a dynamic narrative of "sand pile growth."

[0129] Throughout the entire demonstration, the LED light source inside the shell could not be seen from any direction or angle, with a shading angle β≈65°. Only the luminous sand columns flowing down from the discharge port and the sand piles with varying shades on the ground could be perceived.

[0130] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A lighting device for presenting the dynamic and static characteristics of a fluid medium, characterized in that, Includes lighting components (3) and secondary light shaping components (5); The lighting assembly (3) is housed in a light-shielding cavity (4) and includes a light source (31) and a primary optical component (32) disposed in the light path of the light source. The secondary light shaping component (5) is a honeycomb grid (51) and a light-diffusing component (52) housed in the light-emitting cavity (4) at one end of the light-emitting opening, and a light-emitting tube (53) arranged circumferentially around the light-emitting opening at one end of the light-emitting cavity (4). The lower end of the light-emitting tube (53) is provided with one or more combinations of annular light-shielding rings (54), and the circular hole in the middle of the annular light-shielding ring is the light-emitting channel (55) of the light source.

2. The lighting device for presenting the dynamic and static characteristics of a fluid medium according to claim 1, characterized in that, The primary optical component (32) is a light-distributing lens or a reflector; The light distribution lens is made of optical grade polymethyl methacrylate, polycarbonate or borosilicate glass through injection molding or compression molding.

3. The lighting device for presenting the dynamic and static characteristics of a fluid medium according to claim 1, characterized in that, The light-emitting tube (53) is a thin-walled metal tube, with a cone-shaped or straight cylindrical body and an inner wall that has undergone matting treatment; Length of the light-emitting tube and bottom diameter Determined based on the cutoff angle requirement: = arctan( / (2× )) The inner surface of the annular light-shielding ring (54) is provided with a matte finish.

4. The lighting device for presenting the dynamic and static characteristics of a fluid medium according to claim 1, characterized in that, The honeycomb grid (51) is a grid plate composed of parallel hexagonal honeycomb units, and the unit diameter of the honeycomb grid is... and grating thickness Determine the equivalent cutoff angle : = arctan( / ) The occlusion rate of forward light is ≤10%.

5. The lighting device for presenting the dynamic and static characteristics of a fluid medium according to claim 1, characterized in that, The light-diffusing element (52) is frosted glass or a microprism diffuser with a haze in the range of 5% to 30%.

6. A design method for an illumination device for presenting the dynamic and static characteristics of a fluid medium, as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The specific steps are as follows: Step S1, the lighting component (3) is located above the discharge component of the particulate medium, and the discharge component (2) is arranged in a ring around the lighting component. The optical axis of the light beam coincides with the central axis of the particulate medium (8) after mixing and discharge. Step S2, narrow-angle beam distribution constraint and beam envelope construction, specifically includes: S21 features a narrow-angle light distribution design for the light source; S22, design for matching the aperture of the light source and the light output channel: S23, cutoff angle limitation and edge light shaping design for the beam; Step S3: The light source and the main structure are integrated into a hidden envelope design; Step S4: Antistatic and dustproof treatment.

7. The design method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The light source is positioned in the central region of the light-emitting channel (55). The particulate medium flows out from the annular gap between the outer periphery of the light source and the inner wall of the light-emitting channel (55) to form an annular particle curtain. The light beam is projected downward from the center of the particle curtain. The annular gap between the light-emitting channel (55) and the light beam has circumferential uniformity. The circumferential deviation of the gap width between the two does not exceed ±10% of the nominal value. The flow rate and density of the annular particle curtain are uniformly distributed in the 360° direction.

8. The design method according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S1, the light-emitting center point of the light source in the lighting assembly is located on the central axis of the light-emitting channel, at a vertical distance from the exit plane of the light-emitting channel (55). The following relationship must be satisfied: = / (2×tan(θ / 2)) in, Let θ be the inner diameter of the light exit channel, and θ be the half-peak angle of the beam output from the light source after passing through one optical element; the offset δ between the optical axis of the light source beam and the central axis of the exit plane of the light exit channel 55 is ≤0.05× , the angle deviation α≤2°.

9. The design method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The narrow-angle light distribution design of the light source in S21 specifically includes: The primary optics are configured to perform narrow-angle focusing on the Lambertian distribution light emitted from the light source, outputting a narrow-angle downlight beam with a half-peak angle ranging from 10° to 40°. The light distribution curve of the primary optics is designed as a modified Gaussian distribution, namely: when ≤ At that time, I ( ) = × exp(-4ln2×( / )²) when > At that time, I ( ) = 0 in, This represents the axial peak light intensity. The angle with the optical axis, It is half peak and half angle. It is the cutoff angle; The specific design for matching the aperture of the light source and the light output channel in S22 includes: The beam spot diameter at the exit plane of the light output channel (55) is adjusted by the light distribution design. inner diameter of light output channel 55 The following relationship must be satisfied: With ≤ k × Where k is the beam-aperture matching coefficient, with a value ranging from 0.8 to 1.

2.

10. The design method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The specific steps of limiting the cutoff angle and shaping the edge light in step S23 include: selecting the combination of secondary light shaping components according to different particle medium characteristics and glare control requirements of the presentation and viewing area, so that the light beam output by the illumination component forms a narrow-angle downlight beam that propagates along the falling direction of the particle medium, and makes the narrow-angle downlight beam cover the outer contour of the particle beam on the falling path of the particle medium, while suppressing edge light that exceeds the predetermined cutoff angle. The secondary light shaping component includes one or more of the following: light-emitting tube, annular light-shielding ring, honeycomb grid, and light-diffusing component.

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