Biomass boiler fuel feeding assembly and biomass boiler

Abstract

The application discloses a biomass boiler fuel feeding assembly and a biomass boiler, and relates to the technical field of biomass boilers, which comprises a hopper, at least including an inlet and an outlet; a material roller with at least two notches is rotationally arranged in the hopper, and a pushing plate is slidably arranged in the notch; the pushing plate is farthest away from the side wall of the notch below the inlet and the outlet. The biomass boiler fuel feeding assembly and the biomass boiler are characterized in that the fixed incomplete gear is engaged with the connecting gear rotating with the material roller to drive, and the toothed arc fixedly connected with the movable seat drives the movable seat to reciprocatingly slide along the groove plate, so that the loose material in the groove is extruded and compacted after feeding, air in the gap between the materials is effectively discharged, the loading capacity of the material in the single notch is improved, the second tooth section of the incomplete gear can trigger the pushing action again, the high-temperature flue gas in the empty notch is actively pushed out, and the hot gas stream of the boiler side is blocked from flowing back into the hopper through the notch.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of biomass boiler technology, specifically to a biomass boiler fuel delivery component and a biomass boiler. Background Technology

[0002] As is generally known, a biomass boiler is a type of boiler that uses biomass energy as fuel.

[0003] For example, the patent application with publication number CN212691823U, publication date March 21, 2021, entitled "An Extrusion Feeding Device for Biomass Boiler Fuel", includes a base and a hopper. The upper surface of the base is welded with four sets of hollow columns. A second bearing seat is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the cylindrical box by bolts. An auger is fixedly installed on the output shaft of the second servo motor by a coupling. The other end of the auger is keyed to the second bearing seat. The cylindrical box is provided with a discharge pipe, and a flange is welded to the end of the discharge pipe. According to the height of the upper pipe opening of the biomass boiler, the rotation of the output shaft of the first servo motor drives the flange to rise or fall, so that the flange aligns with the upper pipe opening of the biomass boiler. Finally, they are fixed together with bolts, and biomass fuel is injected into the hopper. The rotation of the output shaft of the second servo motor drives the biomass fuel into the biomass boiler.

[0004] The shortcoming of existing technology is that, for loose biomass fuels, traditional feeding devices cannot pre-compact and exhaust the loose fuel. A large amount of cold air trapped in the fuel gaps will enter the furnace along with the material, which will not only lower the furnace combustion temperature and increase the flue gas volume, but also significantly increase the flue gas heat loss and weaken the overall thermal efficiency of the boiler. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a biomass boiler fuel delivery component and a biomass boiler to address the aforementioned shortcomings in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a biomass boiler fuel feeding assembly, comprising a hopper, which includes at least an inlet and an outlet; The hopper is equipped with a rotating material roller with at least two slots, and a pusher plate is slidably mounted in the slot. Located below the inlet and outlet, the pusher plate has the largest distance from one side wall of the slot, and as the pusher plate moves from the inlet to the outlet, it moves closer to one side wall of the slot.

[0007] As a further description of the above technical solution: during the process of the discharge port moving to the inlet port, the pusher plate once again approaches the side wall of the slot.

[0008] As a further description of the above technical solution: the material roller is provided with multiple fan-shaped groove plates, and a groove is formed between adjacent groove plates.

[0009] As a further description of the above technical solution: an arc-shaped baffle is fixedly provided on the pusher plate, and the arc-shaped baffle slides against the outer edge of the fan-shaped groove plate, so that the pusher plate and the groove form a sealed space through the arc-shaped baffle.

[0010] As a further description of the above technical solution: a spiral elastic element is fixedly provided between the pusher plate and the slot, and the spiral elastic element is assembled to minimize the distance between the pusher plate and the side wall on the other side of the slot.

[0011] As a further description of the above technical solution: toothed arcs are fixedly provided on both sides of the pusher plate, and connecting gears corresponding to the toothed arcs are rotatably provided on both sides of the material roller, and the connecting gears mesh with the toothed arcs.

[0012] As a further description of the above technical solution: an incomplete gear is coaxially arranged on both sides of the material roller and fixedly mounted on the hopper. The sidewall of the incomplete gear includes a first tooth segment and a second tooth segment that mesh with the connecting gear.

[0013] As a further description of the above technical solution: the starting segment of the first tooth segment is located at the feed inlet, while the ending end is located at halfway through the path from the feed inlet to the discharge outlet.

[0014] As a further description of the above technical solution: the starting segment of the second tooth segment is located at the discharge port, and the ending end is located at half the distance of the path from the discharge port to the inlet.

[0015] A biomass boiler includes the biomass boiler fuel delivery assembly described in the above-described scheme.

[0016] In the above technical solution, the present invention provides a biomass boiler fuel feeding component and a biomass boiler. The component is driven by a fixed incomplete gear meshing with a connecting gear that revolves with the material roller. The toothed arc fixed to the movable seat drives the movable seat to slide back and forth along the trough plate. After feeding, the loose material in the trough is squeezed and compacted, effectively expelling air from the gaps between the materials and increasing the material loading capacity of the trough opening at one time. Furthermore, the second tooth section of the incomplete gear can trigger the pushing action again, actively pushing the high-temperature flue gas in the empty trough outward, blocking the hot air flow on the boiler side from flowing back into the feed hopper through the trough opening, and preventing the loose material in the silo from being ignited prematurely. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure provided for an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the partial cross-section of the hopper provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure for installing the guide plate according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 Provided for embodiments of the present invention Figure 3 Enlarged structural diagram at point A; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the material roller sectioning provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the movable seat provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the process structure for the rotation of the material roller provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Hopper; 2. Servo motor; 3. Guide plate; 31. Inclined plate; 32. Covering plate; 4. Material roller; 41. Rotating shaft; 42. Receiving bin; 43. Groove plate; 5. Movable seat; 51. Side plate; 52. Arc-shaped baffle plate; 53. Push plate; 54. Toothed arc; 6. Spiral elastic element; 7. Incomplete gear; 8. Connecting gear; 9. Baffle plate; a. First groove; b. Second groove; c. Third groove. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0021] Please see Figure 1-7This invention provides a technical solution: a biomass boiler fuel feeding assembly, comprising a vertically arranged hollow hopper 1, including at least a top inlet and a bottom outlet. The inlet is used to receive externally transported biomass fuel, and the outlet is connected to the feed channel of the biomass boiler. A feed roller 4 is rotatably mounted between the two side walls of the hopper 1. A rotating shaft 41 is coaxially fixed at the center of the feed roller 4. One end of the rotating shaft 41 extends out of the side wall of the hopper 1 and is connected to the output shaft of a servo motor 2. The servo motor 2 provides driving force to drive the feed roller 4 to rotate at a constant speed. Three fan-shaped groove plates 43 are fixedly arranged circumferentially on the outer wall of the feed roller 4. Adjacent groove plates 43 are radially recessed inward to form a first groove a, a second groove b, and a third groove c. The three are evenly distributed along the surface of the feed roller 4. A receiving chamber 42 is opened on both sides of the feed roller 4. With a roller structure with multiple grooves evenly distributed, continuous cyclic operation of feeding, conveying and discharging can be achieved through the uniform rotation of the material roller 4; in conjunction with the servo motor 2, it can adapt to the fuel supply requirements of the boiler under different loads.

[0022] Each slot is slidably fitted with a movable seat 5, which includes two symmetrically arranged side plates 51. The two side plates 51 slide against the two sides of the slot plate 43 respectively. A pusher plate 53 is fixedly connected to one end of the two side plates 51. The plate surface is set opposite to one side wall of the slot, and the two together form a storage space. An arc-shaped baffle plate 52 connected to the side plate 51 is fixed on the pusher plate 53, thus forming a bucket-shaped structure that slides against the slot plate 43. A toothed arc 54 is fixedly provided on the lower inner side of the side plate 51. The convex arc surface of the toothed arc 54 slides against the inner wall of the receiving chamber 42. A connecting gear 8 is rotatably fitted in the receiving chamber 42 at the position corresponding to each slot near the side wall of the slot. The toothed arc 54 has its teeth arranged along the arc trajectory, and the center of the toothed arc 54 is completely coincident with the axis of the material roller 4. The installation position of the connecting gear 8 corresponds one-to-one with the toothed arc 54, and the teeth of the two mesh with each other for transmission. When the connecting gear 8 rotates, it can drive the toothed arc 54 to move through the meshing of the tooth surfaces, thereby driving the entire movable seat 5 to slide back and forth along the lower end of the slot. At the same time, the connecting gear 8 is set at a position close to one side wall of the slot. This arrangement effectively amplifies the radial stroke of the movable seat 5, allowing for a larger volume adjustment range of the storage space. This ensures both the amount of material loaded at one time and improves the thoroughness of pushing and discharging. The sliding contact between the side plate 51 and the slot plate 43 provides stable guidance for the movable seat 5, avoiding skewing and jamming during the pushing process. The meshing transmission of the toothed arc 54 and the connecting gear 8 results in high transmission accuracy and timely action response.

[0023] The outer arc diameter of the arc-shaped baffle 52 is the same as the outer cylindrical diameter of the groove plate 43. It can slide against the outer edge of the fan-shaped groove plate 43. No matter where the pusher plate 53 slides, the arc-shaped baffle 52 can continuously cover part of the groove opening. Together with the pusher plate 53, the side plate 51, and the other side wall and bottom wall of the groove opening, a relatively closed space is formed. A spiral elastic element 6 is fixedly installed in this closed space. One end of the element abuts against the inner end face of the pusher plate 53, and the other end abuts against the other side wall of the groove opening. Its elasticity always applies an inward pulling force to the pusher plate 53. Under normal conditions, the movable seat 5 is kept close to one side of the groove opening, so that the distance between the pusher plate 53 and the other side wall of the groove opening is kept to the maximum. This sealed storage structure can effectively prevent biomass fuel particles and dust from entering the sliding mating surface and the interior of the elastic component, avoiding sliding jamming and failure of the spiral elastic component 6 caused by particles getting stuck. The spiral elastic component 6 is built-in and adopts a tension-type normal layout, which can stably maintain the maximum storage volume when there is no gear meshing, ensuring sufficient material for a single loading, and can quickly pull the movable seat 5 to reset the moment the connecting gear 8 disengages from the tooth segment. The vibration generated by the reset impact force helps to clean the residual fuel in the tank and reduce the risk of sticking and clogging.

[0024] A guide plate 3 is fixedly installed between the feed inlet and the feed roller 4. The guide plate 3 is composed of an inclined plate 31 and a covering plate 32. The inclined plate 31 is fixed at an angle to the inner wall of the hopper 1, and the plate surface converges from top to bottom toward the axis of the feed roller 4, which can concentrate and guide the falling fuel to the feeding area of ​​the feed roller 4. The covering plate 32 extends in an arc shape along the upper outer edge of the feed roller 4, and its inner arc surface leaves a gap with the outer edge surface of the feed roller 4 for the movement of the arc-shaped baffle plate 52. The inclined plate 31 ensures that the fuel falls continuously and concentratedly into the slot area; the covering plate 32 forms a semi-enclosed constraint in the feeding area, which can prevent fuel from leaking from the upper side gap of the feed roller 4, and avoids movement interference with the arc-shaped baffle plate 52 by reserving a matching gap. While ensuring the sealing of the feeding, it also ensures the smooth sliding movement of the movable seat 5.

[0025] Inside the hopper 1, baffle plates 9 are coaxially fixed on both sides of the material roller 4. The baffle plates 9 are close to the receiving chamber 42, thereby reducing the communication space between the receiving chamber 42 and the hopper 1, providing physical protection for the gear transmission structure inside the receiving chamber 42, reducing the intrusion of fuel particles, significantly reducing the wear and jamming failure of transmission components, and extending the service life of the equipment. An incomplete gear 7 is coaxially set on the side of the baffle plate 9 near the receiving chamber 42. It does not rotate synchronously with the material roller 4. The circumferential side wall of the incomplete gear 7 is provided with two discontinuous tooth segments, namely the first tooth segment and the second tooth segment. All the connecting gears 8 that revolve with the material roller 4 can mesh with the corresponding tooth segments on the rotation path, thereby triggering the sliding action of the pusher plate 53 to achieve dynamic adjustment of the volume. By adopting the drive method of fixed incomplete gear 7 and revolving connecting gear 8, it is not necessary to configure a separate drive element for each movable seat 5. The push action can be triggered synchronously by the rotation of the material roller 4 itself.

[0026] The starting end of the first tooth segment of the incomplete gear 7 corresponds to the feed inlet of the hopper 1, and the ending end is located at the halfway point of the rotation path from the feed inlet to the discharge outlet. When the slot moves from the feed inlet to the discharge outlet with the material roller 4, the corresponding connecting gear 8 enters the first tooth segment and generates meshing rotation. Through the toothed arc 54, it drives the movable seat 5 to slide towards the inside of the slot, and the pusher plate 53 gradually moves closer to one side wall of the slot, continuously reducing the volume and compressing the fuel in the storage space. When the connecting gear 8 disengages from the first tooth segment, the pusher plate 53 instantly resets under the action of the spiral elastic element 6, and the storage space returns to its maximum volume state. Thus, when the storage space disengages from the cover plate 32 and reaches the discharge outlet, it discharges the material. The compression and compaction of fuel during the latter half of the feeding process can effectively expel air from the fuel gaps, increase the fuel loading capacity of a single slot, prevent a large amount of cold air from entering the furnace with the fuel, reduce flue gas heat loss, and at the same time, the combustion rate of the dense material clumps is more gradual and orderly after entering the furnace, which can suppress the high temperature generated by local sudden combustion; and the instantaneous reset action after disengaging from the tooth section can create vibration in the slot, loosen the compacted fuel, and ensure that the fuel can fall smoothly after reaching the discharge port.

[0027] The starting end of the second tooth segment of the incomplete gear 7 corresponds to the discharge port of the hopper 1, and the ending end is located at the halfway point of the rotation path from the discharge port to the inlet port. As the slot rotates back from the discharge port to the inlet port with the material roller 4, the connecting gear 8 re-engages in the second tooth segment, driving the pusher plate 53 to approach one side wall of the slot again, actively pushing the hot air in the storage space outward. After the connecting gear 8 disengages from the second tooth segment and enters the packing plate 32, the pusher plate 53 is instantly reset under the action of the spiral elastic element 6, and the storage space is restored to its maximum volume state, thus entering the next stage of feeding. During the return phase, the high-temperature flue gas and hot air remaining in the trough are actively pushed out, which can effectively block the hot air flow in the boiler from flowing back into the feed hopper 1 through the trough opening, avoiding premature ignition or even spontaneous combustion of fuel in the silo, and improving the safety of equipment operation; and the trough opening has been reset and restored to its maximum volume before entering the feeding area, which can directly receive the falling fuel, ensuring the filling efficiency of the feeding process and making the entire feeding cycle more continuous and smooth.

[0028] The workflow is as follows: The servo motor 2 is started, driving the material roller 4 to rotate at a uniform speed via the rotating shaft 41. Biomass fuel continuously enters through the feed inlet at the top of the hopper 1, and is gathered and guided by the inclined plate 31 of the guide plate 3 and constrained by the arc shape of the covering plate 32, falling into the first groove a, the second groove b, and the third groove c formed by the fan-shaped groove plate 43 on the surface of the material roller 4. At this time, taking the first groove a as an example, the tension of the spiral elastic element 6 makes the movable seat 5 close to the side where the elastic element is located, and the pusher plate 53 maintains the maximum distance from the opposite side wall, so that the storage volume is at its maximum, ensuring smooth fuel filling.

[0029] As the feed roller 4 rotates, the first slot a, which is loaded with fuel, gradually enters the area of ​​the cover plate 32 and moves towards the discharge port. When the connecting gear 8 corresponding to this slot revolves and enters the first tooth segment of the incomplete gear 7 fixed inside the baffle plate 9, the two mesh, causing the connecting gear 8 to rotate. This, in turn, drives the entire movable seat 5 to slide along the slot towards the storage space through the toothed arc 54. The pusher plate 53 moves closer to the opposite side wall, and the storage volume gradually decreases, compressing and compacting the internal fuel and expelling air from the gaps. When the connecting gear 8 disengages from the end of the first tooth segment, the spiral elastic element 6 instantly pulls the movable seat 5 back to its original position, the pusher plate 53 resets, the storage space returns to its maximum volume, and vibrations are generated to loosen the compacted fuel. At this time, the first slot a disengages from the cover plate 32 and reaches the discharge port, and the fuel falls smoothly into the boiler feed channel under the action of gravity.

[0030] After discharge, the empty slot continues to rotate from the discharge port to the feed port with the material roller 4. In the first half of the return stroke, the connecting gear 8 enters the second tooth section of the incomplete gear 7 and re-engages, driving the pusher plate 53 to approach the side wall of the storage space, actively pushing out the residual high-temperature flue gas and hot air in the slot, preventing the backflow of hot gas from the furnace. Subsequently, the first slot a re-enters the area covered by the cover plate 32, and then after the connecting gear 8 disengages from the second tooth section, the spiral elastic element 6 pulls the movable seat 5 to instantly reset, and the first slot a returns to its maximum volume. It then receives the fuel guided down by the guide plate 3 again.

[0031] The foregoing has only described certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention by way of illustration. Undoubtedly, those skilled in the art can modify the described embodiments in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the foregoing drawings and descriptions are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A biomass boiler fuel feeding assembly, characterized in that, Includes a hopper (1), which includes at least an inlet and an outlet; The hopper (1) is rotatably provided with a material roller (4) having at least two slots, and a pusher plate (53) is slidably mounted in the slot. Located below the inlet and outlet, the pusher plate (53) has the largest distance from the side wall of the slot, and during the movement of the pusher plate (53) from the inlet to the outlet, the pusher plate (53) moves closer to the side wall of the slot.

2. The biomass boiler fuel feeding assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, As the discharge port moves to the inlet, the pusher plate (53) approaches the side wall of the slot again.

3. The biomass boiler fuel feeding assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The material roller (4) is provided with a plurality of fan-shaped groove plates (43), and grooves are formed between adjacent groove plates (43).

4. A biomass boiler fuel feeding assembly according to claim 3, characterized in that, An arc-shaped baffle plate (52) is fixedly installed on the pusher plate (53). The arc-shaped baffle plate (52) slides against the outer edge of the fan-shaped groove plate (43). The arc-shaped baffle plate (52) makes the pusher plate (53) and the groove form a sealed space.

5. A biomass boiler fuel delivery assembly according to claim 4, characterized in that, A spiral elastic element (6) is fixedly disposed between the pusher plate (53) and the slot, and the spiral elastic element (6) is assembled to minimize the distance between the pusher plate (53) and the side wall on the other side of the slot.

6. A biomass boiler fuel feeding assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pusher plate (53) is fixedly provided with toothed arcs (54) on both sides, and the roller (4) is rotatably provided with connecting gears (8) corresponding to the toothed arcs (54) on both sides, and the connecting gears (8) mesh with the toothed arcs (54).

7. A biomass boiler fuel delivery assembly according to claim 6, characterized in that, The material roller (4) is coaxially provided with an incomplete gear (7) fixed on the hopper (1) on both sides. The side wall of the incomplete gear (7) includes a first tooth segment and a second tooth segment that mesh with the connecting gear (8).

8. A biomass boiler fuel delivery assembly according to claim 7, characterized in that, The starting segment of the first toothed segment is located at the feed inlet, while the ending segment is located at the halfway point of the path from the feed inlet to the discharge outlet.

9. A biomass boiler fuel delivery assembly according to claim 7, characterized in that, The starting section of the second tooth segment is located at the discharge port, and the ending end is located at halfway along the path from the discharge port to the inlet.

10. A biomass boiler, characterized in that, Includes the biomass boiler fuel delivery assembly as described in any one of claims 1-9.

Images