A portable air condensing water collection device based on a modular energy supply architecture

Abstract

The application provides a portable air condensation water collecting device based on a modular energy supply architecture, and belongs to the field of new energy and outdoor equipment. The device breaks through the design of a replaceable energy supply top cover, provides a pure photovoltaic rainwater funnel cover and an umbrella-shaped wind-solar complementary top cover, and enables users to plug in or pull out according to meteorological conditions. Combined with dynamic dew point tracking, PID precise temperature control and Nash equilibrium energy optimization algorithm embedded in MCU, the system realizes air water collection and multi-path rainwater collection with ultra-low power consumption in a limited volume. In combination with multi-stage filtration and deep ultraviolet UV-C matrix full-link sterilization, the design provides an extremely lightweight, zero-carbon self-consistent and highly flexible safe water supplement terminal for extreme habitats.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of new energy applications and portable outdoor survival equipment technology, specifically to a portable air condensation and water collection device based on a modular power supply architecture. Background Technology

[0002] In the context of global energy structure transformation and climate change response, the efficient development of clean energy and the security of water resources have become the dual core pillars for promoting sustainable social development. With the increasing frequency of outdoor scientific research, deep mountain geological surveys, border patrols, and post-disaster emergency rescue activities, traditional power grids and physical water sources are often simultaneously unavailable, resulting in an extremely severe situation of a dual shortage of hydropower and electricity.

[0003] Currently, atmospheric water collection technology coupled with photovoltaic and wind power systems has become a research hotspot. Traditional outdoor water replenishment methods have significant bottlenecks: on the one hand, limited by the limits of human labor, portable water collection systems cannot sustain long-term operations, and existing water filters heavily rely on the underlying "water-to-water" architecture; on the other hand, existing air-to-water or off-grid water purification equipment mostly adopts a fixed, single-power supply structure. In past research and practice, equipment addressing these challenges often employs simple modular stacking, resulting in redundant weight even when a certain function is not needed. For example, in arid zones with abundant sunshine but no wind, wind turbine components become ineffective loads; while in windy and rainy areas, relying solely on fixed solar panels is prone to power outages. Numerous documents and patents have explored the technology of portable air condensation water collection devices in past research and practice. For example, application number CN201721900442.7, entitled "A Portable Air Water Collection Device"; application number CN201810225962.5, entitled "Outdoor Portable Water Collection Device and Its Control Method"; application number CN202511216994.5, entitled "A Portable Water Collector," etc. However, existing technologies generally have the following limitations: First, they lack system-level modular customization capabilities, resulting in rigid physical configurations that cannot be flexibly weight-reduced and functionally reconfigured according to the weather characteristics of the travel destination (windy, rainy, or sunny); second, single-energy drive is highly susceptible to interference from drastic fluctuations in weather conditions, and the thermal management system within a miniature space is prone to failure; third, natural precipitation lacks an effective diversion and collection system and a closed-loop purification system, leading to weak water quality safety assurance. How to achieve both extreme lightweighting and all-weather water production performance through an innovative base-plus-pluggable power supply module configuration has become a technological barrier that the industry urgently needs to overcome. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Purpose of the Invention: This invention aims to overcome the limitations of existing outdoor water purification equipment, such as fixed physical configurations and reliance on a single energy source, and provides a portable air condensation water collection device based on a modular power supply architecture. Through two components—a freely pluggable and replaceable pure photovoltaic rainwater collection top cover and an umbrella-shaped wind-solar hybrid top cover—along with a dynamic dew point tracking base, it achieves on-demand configuration of energy flow and multi-path pure water replenishment.

[0005] The device of this invention includes a water collection and micro-energy storage core base and a top cover module;

[0006] The top of the water collection and micro-energy storage core base is equipped with a standard universal quick-release ring and waterproof electrical contacts;

[0007] The top cover module is detachably connected to the water collection and micro-energy storage core base via a standard universal quick-release ring, and is electrically connected to the water collection and micro-energy storage core base via waterproof electrical contacts;

[0008] The top cover module includes a photovoltaic rainwater funnel cover module A that can be plugged in and out as needed, and an umbrella-shaped wind-solar hybrid power component module B.

[0009] The photovoltaic rainwater funnel cover module A adopts a funnel-shaped foldable topology structure, with a flexible thin-film solar cell wrapped on the surface. It can be unfolded as a large-area rainwater collection funnel on rainy days; on sunny days, it provides the maximum light-receiving area, which is suitable for rainy or sunny but windy scenarios, thus reducing the weight of the device.

[0010] The umbrella-shaped wind-solar hybrid power module B includes an umbrella-shaped support surface, a flexible copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) thin-film battery, a vertically inclined flow guide groove, a support shaft, and a micro permanent magnet generator.

[0011] The umbrella-shaped support surface has a lampshade-like conical topology. The flexible copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) thin-film battery is attached to the outer surface of the umbrella-shaped support surface and is used to output photovoltaic power. The vertically inclined flow-guiding groove is formed on the umbrella-shaped support surface and is used to form an asymmetric aerodynamic surface. One end of the support shaft is connected to the central area of ​​the umbrella-shaped support surface, and the other end is connected to the rotor drive of the micro permanent magnet generator. The micro permanent magnet generator is used to convert the rotational mechanical energy generated by the umbrella-shaped support surface under the action of natural wind into electrical energy.

[0012] The standard universal quick-release ring is used for detachable connection of the photovoltaic rainwater funnel cover module A or the umbrella-shaped wind-solar hybrid power component module B, and the waterproof electrical contact is used to form an electrical connection with the connected top cover module.

[0013] The core base for water collection and micro-energy storage includes a general-purpose EGM quick-release interface, waterproof electrical contacts, reverse connection protection diodes, rectifier circuit, DC bus, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller, off-grid micro-energy storage lithium battery pack, active airflow circulation chamber, turbine fan, thermoelectric cooling (TEC) array, superhydrophobic condenser fins, micro heat pipe radiator, composite purification filter, ultraviolet C-band UV-C sterilization chamber, bottom water storage chamber, and microcontroller unit (MCU) intelligent control core.

[0014] The general electromechanical quick-release interface is located on the top of the water collection and micro-energy storage core base, and cooperates with the standard general quick-release ring to form a detachable mechanical connection of the top cover module.

[0015] The waterproof electrical contact is located at the general electromechanical quick-release interface and is electrically connected to the power output terminal of the photovoltaic rainwater funnel cover module A or the umbrella-shaped wind-solar hybrid power component module B.

[0016] When connected to the photovoltaic rainwater funnel cover module A, the photovoltaic power output by the photovoltaic rainwater funnel cover module A is connected to the DC bus through waterproof electrical contacts, reverse connection protection diodes and maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller;

[0017] When connected to the umbrella-shaped wind-solar hybrid power component module B, the photovoltaic power output by the flexible copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) thin-film battery is connected to the DC bus via waterproof electrical contacts, reverse connection protection diodes, and the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller. The power output by the micro permanent magnet generator is connected to the DC bus via a rectifier circuit and a reverse connection protection diode.

[0018] The DC bus is connected to the off-grid micro-energy storage lithium battery pack, the turbine fan, the thermoelectric cooling TEC array, the deep ultraviolet UV-C sterilization chamber, and the microcontroller unit (MCU) for intelligent control of the nuclear power plant.

[0019] The off-grid micro-energy storage lithium battery pack is used to store electrical energy input from the top cover module and to supply power to the turbine fan, thermoelectric cooling TEC array, deep ultraviolet UV-C sterilization chamber and microcontroller unit MCU intelligent control core;

[0020] The turbine fan is installed inside the active airflow circulation chamber and is used to introduce external humid air into the active airflow circulation chamber.

[0021] The cold end of the thermoelectric cooling (TEC) array is thermally coupled to the superhydrophobic condenser fins, and the hot end is thermally coupled to the micro heat pipe radiator.

[0022] The micro heat pipe radiator is used to dissipate heat from the hot end of the thermoelectric cooling (TEC) array.

[0023] The superhydrophobic condensation fins are disposed on the airflow path of the active airflow circulation chamber, and a condensate guide path is provided between them and the bottom water storage tank.

[0024] The rainwater diversion path formed by the photovoltaic rainwater funnel cover module A is connected to the bottom water storage tank;

[0025] The condensate flow path formed by the superhydrophobic condensation fins is connected to the bottom water storage tank.

[0026] The water outlet of the bottom water storage tank is connected in sequence to the composite purification filter and the deep ultraviolet UV-C sterilization chamber.

[0027] The composite purification filter and deep ultraviolet UV-C sterilization chamber are used to filter and sterilize the water before it is output.

[0028] The off-grid micro-energy storage lithium battery pack, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller, reverse polarity protection diode, and DC bus together constitute the off-grid micro-energy storage system, which serves as the core base for water collection and micro-energy storage. The energy flow control equation of the off-grid micro-energy storage system is as follows:

[0029] ,

[0030] in, Let t be the instantaneous output power of the photovoltaic system. This indicates the conversion efficiency of the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller; This represents the wind power input obtained by the micro permanent magnet generator in module B of the umbrella-shaped wind-solar hybrid power component from wind energy conversion at the current control time t. If connected to module A of the photovoltaic rainwater funnel cover, then... =0; This indicates the overall conversion efficiency of the wind power input power after passing through the rectifier circuit and being connected to the DC bus; The total power consumption of the load at time t; This represents the charging and discharging power of the off-grid micro-energy storage lithium battery pack at the current control time t. A positive value indicates charging. A negative value indicates discharge.

[0031] When the water collection and micro-energy storage core base is connected to the umbrella-shaped wind-solar hybrid power component module B, the vertically inclined guide channels form an asymmetric aerodynamic surface that generates a lift difference, driving the micro permanent magnet generator to operate. The mechanical power P captured by the wind turbine... w Follow the following Betz limit model:

[0032] ,

[0033] in, A1 represents the area swept by the wind force of the umbrella-shaped wind-solar hybrid power module B; Indicates the natural wind speed at the current control time t; This represents the wind energy utilization coefficient determined by the tip speed ratio λ and the equivalent guide angle β. Indicates the tip speed ratio; The equivalent guiding angle of the vertically inclined guiding channel;

[0034] The electromagnetic torque T generated by the micro permanent magnet generator e The relationship with mechanical stress is expressed as follows:

[0035] ,

[0036] in, This represents the electromagnetic torque of a micro permanent magnet generator; This indicates the number of pole pairs in a micro permanent magnet generator; This represents the d-axis flux linkage of a micro permanent magnet generator. This represents the q-axis flux linkage of a micro permanent magnet generator. This represents the d-axis current of the micro permanent magnet generator; This represents the q-axis current of the micro permanent magnet generator;

[0037] The photovoltaic power generation portion of the photovoltaic rainwater funnel cover module A or the umbrella-shaped wind-solar hybrid power component module B determines the instantaneous photovoltaic output power according to the following photovoltaic output power relationship. :

[0038] ,

[0039] in, This indicates the output voltage of the flexible thin-film solar cell or flexible copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) thin-film battery at the current control time t. This indicates the output current of the flexible thin-film solar cell or flexible copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) thin-film battery at the current control time t.

[0040] In the off-grid air condensation water production mode where there is no external water source and no connection to the external power grid, the microcontroller unit (MCU) intelligent control core of the water collection and micro-energy storage core calculates the dew point temperature in real time using the Magnus-Tetens formula. The Magnus intermediate parameter is expressed as:

[0041] ,

[0042] in, Indicated by ambient air temperature and ambient air relative humidity Determined Magnus intermediate parameters; Represents the Magnus empirical coefficient; This represents the Magnus empirical temperature coefficient;

[0043] Dew point temperature for:

[0044] ,

[0045] Within a confined space, the thermoelectric cooling (TEC) array and the micro heat pipe radiator constitute an extreme mass transfer enhancement module, and the net cooling capacity Q of the thermoelectric cooling (TEC) array is [missing information]. c Described as:

[0046] ,

[0047] in, Represents the Seebeck coefficient of the p-type semiconductor arm in a thermoelectric refrigeration (TEC) array; The Seebeck coefficient represents the n-type semiconductor arm in a thermoelectric refrigeration (TEC) array; This represents the drive current of the thermoelectric refrigeration (TEC) array; This indicates the cold junction temperature of the thermoelectric cooling (TEC) array; This represents the equivalent internal resistance of the thermoelectric refrigeration (TEC) array; This represents the equivalent thermal conductivity of a thermoelectric refrigeration (TEC) array. This indicates the hot-end temperature of the thermoelectric cooling (TEC) array;

[0048] Condensate mass generation rate per unit time when moist air passes over superhydrophobic condenser fins for:

[0049] ,

[0050] in, This indicates the rate of condensate mass formation per unit time. Indicates the convective mass transfer coefficient; This represents the effective mass transfer area of ​​the superhydrophobic condenser fins. This indicates the mass concentration of water vapor in the mainstream humid air within the active airflow circulation chamber. This indicates the saturated water vapor mass concentration on the surface of the superhydrophobic condensation fins.

[0051] The microcontroller unit (MCU) intelligent control core embeds a multi-objective collaborative optimization and discrete PID isothermal control algorithm to ensure that the surface temperature of the condenser fins is precisely maintained at T. dp the following Interval.

[0052] The multi-objective collaborative optimization and discrete PID isothermal control algorithm adopts the following PID control equation:

[0053] ,

[0054] ,

[0055] in, This represents the pulse width modulation (PWM) duty cycle control quantity output to the thermoelectric refrigeration (TEC) array at the current control time t. Indicates proportional control gain; Indicates the integral control gain; Indicates the differential control gain; This indicates the temperature control deviation at the current control time t; Indicates the time variable of integration; This represents the dew point temperature at the current control time t; This indicates the set temperature difference between the target surface temperature of the superhydrophobic condenser fins and the dew point temperature; This represents the actual surface temperature of the superhydrophobic condenser fins at the current control time t.

[0056] The microcontroller unit (MCU) intelligent control core adopts a dynamic energy optimization objective function J at the overall energy scheduling level of the device. This dynamic energy optimization objective function J is used to calculate the condensate mass generation rate per unit time. A multi-objective balancing process is performed between the total system load power consumption Psys(t) and the battery state of charge (SOC). The dynamic energy optimization objective function J is:

[0057] ,

[0058] ,

[0059] in, This indicates maximizing the dynamic energy optimization objective function J; tmax represents the optimization time window length. This represents the water production weighting coefficient; This represents the rate of condensate mass generation per unit time under the integral time variable τ; This represents the normalized upper limit of the condensate mass generation rate per unit time; This represents the power consumption weighting coefficient; This represents the total system load power consumption under the integral time variable τ; This represents the normalized upper limit of the total system load power consumption; This represents the penalty function based on the battery's state of charge (SOC). This indicates the state of charge (SOC) of the off-grid micro-energy storage lithium battery pack. Indicates the battery state-of-charge protection threshold; Represents the growth coefficient of the penalty function; when Below At this time, the microcontroller unit (MCU) intelligent control core reduces the power consumption of the thermoelectric cooling (TEC) array and the turbine fan, or puts the system into a low-power protection state that only maintains the operation of the composite purification filter, the deep ultraviolet UV-C sterilization chamber, and necessary sensors.

[0060] The microcontroller unit (MCU) intelligent control core identifies whether the connected module is the photovoltaic rainwater funnel cover module A or the umbrella-shaped wind-solar hybrid power component module B through waterproof electrical contacts.

[0061] The microcontroller unit (MCU) intelligent control core collects ambient air temperature. Ambient air relative humidity Light intensity E, natural wind speed and battery state of charge (SOC); when the light intensity E is lower than the preset light threshold E th Dew point temperature Higher than the target surface temperature of the superhydrophobic condensation fins and Higher than When the system enters the optimal nighttime energy efficiency window, the microcontroller unit (MCU) intelligent control core outputs a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal to the thermoelectric refrigeration (TEC) array based on the dynamic energy optimization objective function J and the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) constant temperature control algorithm, thereby driving the net cooling capacity of the TEC array. The cooling capacity required for water vapor phase change is achieved, and the turbine fan in the active airflow circulation chamber is controlled to introduce humid air, causing the humid air to condense on the surface of the superhydrophobic condensing fins. The condensate or rainwater introduced by the photovoltaic rainwater funnel cover module A enters the bottom water storage tank and is then processed by the composite purification filter and the deep ultraviolet UV-C sterilization chamber before being output.

[0062] The device of this invention is not a simple superposition of functions, but rather, through standard electrical and mechanical interfaces, the system is divided into a "water collection and micro-energy storage core base" and a "replaceable power supply top cover matrix". Users can flexibly switch power supply modules according to the mission weather environment to construct a self-consistent renewable zero-carbon energy and water resource recycling system.

[0063] The microcontroller unit (MCU) in the core base automatically identifies the input characteristics based on the connected power supply module, executes dynamic dew point tracking algorithm and Nash balance scheduling, and uniformly collects natural precipitation or condensation liquid into the UV-C deep ultraviolet sterilization chamber to provide a safe drinking water source.

[0064] Beneficial Effects: This invention is the first to propose a "core water collection base + replaceable power supply top cover" architecture. Users can customize the load according to the environment, with both lightweight funnel-shaped covers suitable for both sunny and rainy days, and umbrella-shaped wind and solar power units to withstand severe weather, completely eliminating ineffective physical loads; it seamlessly integrates "air condensation water collection" and "active rainwater collection and purification". Combined with the Nash equilibrium optimization algorithm, it intelligently matches multiple power sources and schedules the cooling current, greatly reducing energy consumption; superhydrophobic condensation fins and micro heat pipes work together, with micro-negative pressure airflow, to achieve efficient gas-liquid phase change within the space of a conventional water bottle; whether it is condensate or rainwater collected through multiple paths, it is completely inactivated by sintered activated carbon, microporous media and a low-power 254nm UV-C matrix, ensuring medical-grade drinking water standards in the wild. Attached Figure Description

[0065] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, and the advantages of the present invention in the above and / or other aspects will become clearer.

[0066] Figure 1 This is a technical roadmap for the device of the present invention.

[0067] Figure 2 This is an exploded view of the device structure under different power supply modules (module A and module B). Detailed Implementation

[0068] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a portable air condensation and water collection device based on a modular power supply architecture, including a general electromechanical quick-release interface, an off-grid micro-energy storage lithium battery pack, an active airflow circulation chamber, a thermoelectric cooling (TEC) array, superhydrophobic condensation fins, a micro heat pipe radiator, a composite purification filter, a UV-C deep ultraviolet sterilization chamber, and an MCU intelligent control core, as well as a photovoltaic rainwater funnel cover module A and an umbrella-shaped wind-solar hybrid power component module B that can be plugged in and out as needed.

[0069] Reference Figure 2 This invention centers on a highly integrated water collection and micro-energy storage core base. The top of the base features a standard universal quick-release ring, a universal electromechanical quick-release interface, and waterproof electrical contacts. When the destination is a tropical rainforest or arid, low-wind area, the user can screw module A, the photovoltaic rainwater funnel cover, into the base. Its flexible thin-film solar cells capture sunlight, and the folding cover opens during rainfall to act as a funnel to guide precipitation. When the destination is a high-altitude or windy desert lacking direct sunlight, the user switches to module B, the umbrella-shaped wind-solar hybrid power component. The umbrella-shaped support surface of module B is connected to the rotor of a micro permanent magnet generator via a support shaft. The vertically angled guide grooves drive the umbrella-shaped support surface and support shaft to rotate under wind power, while the CIGS thin-film battery continuously absorbs sunlight and outputs electrical energy.

[0070] The electrical connections within the core base are as follows: the top cover module is electrically connected to the core base via waterproof electrical contacts; photovoltaic power is connected to the DC bus via reverse polarity protection diodes and a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller; wind power is connected to the DC bus via a rectifier circuit and reverse polarity protection diodes. The DC bus is connected to the off-grid micro-energy storage lithium battery pack, turbine fan, thermoelectric cooling (TEC) array, deep ultraviolet (UV-C) sterilization chamber, and MCU intelligent control nuclear power system. The heat transfer and water circuit connections within the core base are as follows: the turbine fan is located within the active airflow circulation chamber; the cold end of the thermoelectric cooling (TEC) array is thermally coupled to the superhydrophobic condenser fins, and the hot end is thermally coupled to the micro heat pipe radiator; the condensate from the superhydrophobic condenser fins and the rainwater introduced by the photovoltaic rainwater funnel cover module A both enter the bottom water storage chamber; the outlet of the bottom water storage chamber is sequentially connected to the composite purification filter and the deep ultraviolet (UV-C) sterilization chamber.

[0071] When module B is connected, the vertically angled guide channels create an asymmetric aerodynamic surface, generating a lift difference that drives the generator. The wind turbine captures mechanical power P. w Following the Betz limit model:

[0072] ,

[0073] The electromagnetic torque T generated by the generator e The relationship with mechanical stress is expressed as follows:

[0074] ,

[0075] In the photoelectric conversion model, the photocurrent I ph Considered as an ideal current source, the output power The two currents are connected in parallel to the DC bus through unidirectional conducting diodes to block energy reverse flow loss.

[0076] In the "passive water production" mode, the active airflow circulation condensation module and the TEC semiconductor refrigeration component work together. Converting water vapor in the air into liquid water requires overcoming the latent heat of vaporization; the microcontroller uses the Magnus-Tetens formula to calculate the dew point in real time. :

[0077] ,

[0078] This leads to the dew point temperature. :

[0079] ,

[0080] Within a confined space, the TEC cooling components and heat pipe radiators constitute an extreme mass transfer enhancement module. The net cooling capacity Q of the TEC semiconductor cooling chip... c Described as:

[0081] ,

[0082] Mass transfer rate of moist air passing over highly thermally conductive superhydrophobic condensation fins for:

[0083] ,

[0084] Nanoscale superhydrophobic coatings promote dropwise condensation, significantly improving mass transfer efficiency.

[0085] The MCU intelligent control center incorporates multi-objective collaborative optimization and discrete PID isothermal control algorithms to ensure that the surface temperature of the condenser fins is precisely maintained at T. dp the following The interval. The PID control equation is:

[0086] ,

[0087] ,

[0088] At the overall system energy scheduling level, a dynamic energy optimization objective function J based on a penalty function is introduced to find a Nash equilibrium between the remaining battery charge Φ (SOC) and the real-time water production:

[0089] ,

[0090] ,

[0091] When SOC is lower than SOC th At that time, the penalty items increase exponentially, forcing the system to hibernate or only maintaining the operation of the multi-stage composite purification filter and UV-C deep ultraviolet sterilization chamber to ensure the safety of the bottom drinking water DNA inactivation level.

[0092] Both Module A and Module B are connected to the core base via quick-release interfaces. In off-grid micro-energy storage systems, the dynamic power balance and energy transfer topology based on the MPPT controller can be precisely described by the energy flow control equations:

[0093] ,

[0094] Among them, P pv P represents the instantaneous output power of the photovoltaic system. w P is the wind turbine output power when connected to module B (if connected to module A, then P is the output power of the wind turbine). w =0); η is the corresponding conversion efficiency; P sys P represents the total power consumption under real-time load. bat The charging and discharging power of the micro lithium battery pack.

[0095] In a specific embodiment, taking a summer outdoor nighttime use scenario as an example, the ambient air temperature T is 28℃, the ambient air relative humidity RH is 80%, the natural wind speed v is 4m / s, and the state of charge (SOC) of the off-grid micro-energy storage lithium battery pack is 75%. After the system starts, the microcontroller unit (MCU) intelligent control core first collects data on temperature and humidity, light intensity, wind speed, and battery SOC, and identifies the type of the currently connected top-cover module. When the system identifies the connected umbrella-shaped wind-solar hybrid power component module B, the system simultaneously acquires the photovoltaic output power and wind power generation power, and schedules the input electrical energy through the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller.

[0096] Under the above environmental conditions, the microcontroller unit (MCU) intelligent control core calculates the dew point temperature T according to the Magnus formula. dp Approximately 24℃, and the target temperature for the superhydrophobic condensation fins is set to T. fin =T dp -ΔT, where ΔT is taken as 2℃~3℃, that is, the target condensation surface temperature is about 21℃~22℃. Subsequently, the system adjusts the pulse width modulation (PWM) duty cycle according to the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) isothermal control algorithm to drive the thermoelectric refrigeration semiconductor refrigeration array (TEC) to work, so that the surface temperature of the superhydrophobic condensation fins gradually decreases to the target temperature range.

[0097] When the surface temperature of the superhydrophobic condenser fins falls below the dew point temperature, the turbine fan introduces humid air from outside into the active airflow circulation chamber. As the humid air passes over the surface of the superhydrophobic condenser fins, droplet condensation occurs. The resulting condensate droplets, under the influence of gravity, drip along the guide surface into the bottom water storage tank. Taking an effective condensation area of ​​0.02 m² and a turbine fan flow rate of 0.02 m³ / s to 0.05 m³ / s as an example, the system can obtain approximately 30 mL to 80 mL of condensate after one hour of continuous operation. In nighttime environments where the relative humidity exceeds 90%, the hourly condensate volume can be further increased.

[0098] When the photovoltaic rainwater funnel cover module A is connected and encounters light or moderate rain, module A unfolds to form a rainwater collection funnel. Taking an unfolded projected area of ​​approximately 0.05 m² and a rainfall of 5 mm / h as an example, the theoretical rainwater collection volume is approximately 250 mL / h. Considering surface adhesion, water flow loss, and primary filtration loss, the actual amount of rainwater entering the bottom storage tank is approximately 195 mL / h. Both the rainwater collection path and the air condensation water production path ultimately converge into the bottom storage tank, forming a multi-path water replenishment system.

[0099] Water entering the bottom storage tank passes sequentially through a composite purification filter and a deep ultraviolet (UV-C) sterilization chamber. The composite purification filter includes a primary filter, a microporous filtration layer, and an activated carbon adsorption layer, used to remove particulate matter, odors, and some organic impurities. The deep ultraviolet (UV-C) sterilization chamber continuously irradiates the water with deep ultraviolet light, achieving nucleic acid blocking and inactivation of bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms. After purification and sterilization, the system outputs purified water that meets the needs of outdoor emergency direct drinking.

[0100] The final results obtained in this embodiment are as follows: In rainy environments, the device prioritizes collecting natural precipitation through the photovoltaic rainwater funnel cover module A and outputs purified water using the composite purification filter and deep ultraviolet UV-C sterilization chamber; in nighttime environments with no rainfall but high air humidity, the device reduces the temperature of the superhydrophobic condenser fins through the thermoelectric cooling semiconductor cooling array (TEC), causing water vapor in the humid air to condense into liquid water; in windy environments with unstable sunlight, the device simultaneously obtains photovoltaic power and wind power through the umbrella-shaped wind-solar hybrid power component module B, improving the stability of off-grid operation.

[0101] Compared with existing fixed portable air-water collection devices, the advantages of this embodiment are as follows: It adopts a modular structure combining a core base and a replaceable power supply top cover, allowing users to select different top cover modules based on rainy, sunny, or windy environments, reducing unnecessary weight; the rainwater collection path and the air condensation water production path share a bottom water storage chamber, composite purification filter, and deep ultraviolet UV-C sterilization chamber, improving device integration; the system uses dew point calculation, target condensation temperature setting, and proportional-integral-derivative PID constant temperature control to ensure that the thermoelectric cooling semiconductor refrigeration array (TEC) only operates when condensation conditions are met, reducing unnecessary energy consumption; the umbrella-shaped wind-solar hybrid power component module B can supplement power in environments with insufficient sunlight but high wind speeds, solving the problem of unstable power supply in traditional single photovoltaic power supply devices during rainy, cloudy, or nighttime transitional phases.

[0102] This embodiment integrates a modular power supply architecture with multimodal water collection technology to establish a highly efficient portable self-filling water device. A standard quick-release interface and energy optimization algorithm were developed, resulting in more flexible power input and higher water production efficiency. This provides a self-consistent water supply solution for extreme outdoor environments, significantly improving the equipment's all-weather adaptability.

[0103] This invention provides a portable air condensation and water collection device based on a modular power supply architecture. Many methods and approaches exist for implementing this technical solution; the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of this invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of this invention. All components not explicitly stated in this embodiment can be implemented using existing technologies.

Claims

1. A portable air condensate collection device based on a modular power supply architecture, characterized in that, Includes a core base for water collection and micro-energy storage, and a top cover module; The top of the water collection and micro-energy storage core base is equipped with a standard universal quick-release ring and waterproof electrical contacts; The top cover module is detachably connected to the water collection and micro-energy storage core base via a standard universal quick-release ring, and is electrically connected to the water collection and micro-energy storage core base via waterproof electrical contacts; The top cover module includes a photovoltaic rainwater funnel cover module A that can be plugged in and out as needed, and an umbrella-shaped wind-solar hybrid power component module B. The photovoltaic rainwater funnel cover module A adopts a funnel-shaped foldable topology structure, with a flexible thin-film solar cell wrapped on the surface. It can be unfolded as a large-area rainwater collection funnel on rainy days; on sunny days, it provides the maximum light-receiving area, which is suitable for rainy or sunny but windy scenarios, thus reducing the weight of the device. The umbrella-shaped wind-solar hybrid power module B includes an umbrella-shaped support surface, a flexible copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) thin-film battery, a vertically inclined flow guide groove, a support shaft, and a micro permanent magnet generator. The umbrella-shaped support surface has a lampshade-like conical topology. The flexible copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) thin-film battery is attached to the outer surface of the umbrella-shaped support surface and is used to output photovoltaic power. The vertically inclined flow-guiding groove is formed on the umbrella-shaped support surface and is used to form an asymmetric aerodynamic surface. One end of the support shaft is connected to the central area of ​​the umbrella-shaped support surface, and the other end is connected to the rotor drive of the micro permanent magnet generator. The micro permanent magnet generator is used to convert the rotational mechanical energy generated by the umbrella-shaped support surface under the action of natural wind into electrical energy. The standard universal quick-release ring is used for detachable connection of the photovoltaic rainwater funnel cover module A or the umbrella-shaped wind-solar hybrid power component module B, and the waterproof electrical contact is used to form an electrical connection with the connected top cover module.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The core base for water collection and micro-energy storage includes a general electrical mechanical quick-release interface, waterproof electrical contacts, reverse connection protection diodes, rectifier circuit, DC bus, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller, off-grid micro-energy storage lithium battery pack, active airflow circulation chamber, turbine fan, thermoelectric cooling (TEC) array, superhydrophobic condenser fins, micro heat pipe radiator, composite purification filter, deep ultraviolet C-band UV-C sterilization chamber, bottom water storage chamber, and microcontroller unit (MCU) intelligent control core. The general electromechanical quick-release interface is located on the top of the water collection and micro-energy storage core base, and cooperates with the standard general quick-release ring to form a detachable mechanical connection of the top cover module. The waterproof electrical contact is located at the general electromechanical quick-release interface and is electrically connected to the power output terminal of the photovoltaic rainwater funnel cover module A or the umbrella-shaped wind-solar hybrid power component module B. When connected to the photovoltaic rainwater funnel cover module A, the photovoltaic power output by the photovoltaic rainwater funnel cover module A is connected to the DC bus through waterproof electrical contacts, reverse connection protection diodes and maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller; When connected to the umbrella-shaped wind-solar hybrid power component module B, the photovoltaic power output by the flexible copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) thin-film battery is connected to the DC bus via waterproof electrical contacts, reverse connection protection diodes, and the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller. The power output by the micro permanent magnet generator is connected to the DC bus via a rectifier circuit and a reverse connection protection diode. The DC bus is connected to the off-grid micro-energy storage lithium battery pack, turbine fan, thermoelectric cooling TEC array, deep ultraviolet UV-C sterilization chamber and microcontroller unit (MCU) intelligent control nuclear power plant, respectively. The off-grid micro-energy storage lithium battery pack is used to store electrical energy input from the top cover module and to supply power to the turbine fan, thermoelectric cooling TEC array, deep ultraviolet UV-C sterilization chamber and microcontroller unit MCU intelligent control core; The turbine fan is installed inside the active airflow circulation chamber and is used to introduce external humid air into the active airflow circulation chamber. The cold end of the thermoelectric cooling (TEC) array is thermally coupled to the superhydrophobic condenser fins, and the hot end is thermally coupled to the micro heat pipe radiator. The micro heat pipe radiator is used to dissipate heat from the hot end of the thermoelectric cooling (TEC) array. The superhydrophobic condensation fins are disposed on the airflow path of the active airflow circulation chamber, and a condensate guide path is provided between them and the bottom water storage tank. The rainwater diversion path formed by the photovoltaic rainwater funnel cover module A is connected to the bottom water storage tank; The condensate flow path formed by the superhydrophobic condensation fins is connected to the bottom water storage tank. The water outlet of the bottom water storage tank is connected in sequence to the composite purification filter and the deep ultraviolet UV-C sterilization chamber. The composite purification filter and deep ultraviolet UV-C sterilization chamber are used to filter and sterilize the water before it is output.

3. The apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The off-grid micro-energy storage lithium battery pack, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller, reverse polarity protection diode, and DC bus together constitute the off-grid micro-energy storage system, which serves as the core base for water collection and micro-energy storage. The energy flow control equation of the off-grid micro-energy storage system is as follows: ， in, Let t be the instantaneous output power of the photovoltaic system. This indicates the conversion efficiency of the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller; This represents the wind power input obtained by the micro permanent magnet generator in module B of the umbrella-shaped wind-solar hybrid power component from wind energy conversion at the current control time t. If connected to module A of the photovoltaic rainwater funnel cover, then... =0; This indicates the overall conversion efficiency of the wind power input power after passing through the rectifier circuit and being connected to the DC bus; The total power consumption of the load at time t; This represents the charging and discharging power of the off-grid micro-energy storage lithium battery pack at the current control time t. A positive value indicates charging. A negative value indicates discharge.

4. The apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that, When the water collection and micro-energy storage core base is connected to the umbrella-shaped wind-solar hybrid power component module B, the vertically inclined guide channels form an asymmetric aerodynamic surface that generates a lift difference, driving the micro permanent magnet generator to operate. The mechanical power P captured by the wind turbine... w Follow the following Betz limit model: ， in, A1 represents the area swept by the wind force of the umbrella-shaped wind-solar hybrid power module B; Indicates the natural wind speed at the current control time t; This represents the wind energy utilization coefficient determined by the tip speed ratio λ and the equivalent guide angle β. Indicates the tip speed ratio; The equivalent guiding angle of the vertically inclined guiding channel; The electromagnetic torque T generated by the micro permanent magnet generator e The relationship with mechanical stress is expressed as follows: ， in, This represents the electromagnetic torque of a micro permanent magnet generator; This indicates the number of pole pairs in a micro permanent magnet generator; This represents the d-axis flux linkage of a micro permanent magnet generator. This represents the q-axis flux linkage of a micro permanent magnet generator. This represents the d-axis current of the micro permanent magnet generator; This represents the q-axis current of the micro permanent magnet generator; The photovoltaic power generation portion of the photovoltaic rainwater funnel cover module A or the umbrella-shaped wind-solar hybrid power component module B determines the instantaneous photovoltaic output power according to the following photovoltaic output power relationship. : ， in, This indicates the output voltage of the flexible thin-film solar cell or flexible copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) thin-film battery at the current control time t. This indicates the output current of the flexible thin-film solar cell or flexible copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) thin-film battery at the current control time t.

5. The apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that, In the off-grid air condensation water production mode where there is no external water source and no connection to the external power grid, the core base for water collection and micro-energy storage uses the Magnus-Tetens formula to calculate the dew point temperature in real time. The Magnus intermediate parameter is expressed as: ， in, Indicated by ambient air temperature and ambient air relative humidity Determined Magnus intermediate parameters; Represents the Magnus empirical coefficient; This represents the Magnus empirical temperature coefficient; Dew point temperature for: ， Within a confined space, the thermoelectric cooling (TEC) array and the micro heat pipe radiator constitute an extreme mass transfer enhancement module, and the net cooling capacity Q of the thermoelectric cooling (TEC) array is [value missing]. c Described as: ， in, Represents the Seebeck coefficient of the p-type semiconductor arm in a thermoelectric refrigeration (TEC) array; Represents the Seebeck coefficient of the n-type semiconductor arm in a thermoelectric refrigeration (TEC) array; This represents the drive current of the thermoelectric refrigeration (TEC) array; This indicates the cold junction temperature of the thermoelectric cooling (TEC) array; This represents the equivalent internal resistance of the thermoelectric refrigeration (TEC) array; This represents the equivalent thermal conductivity of a thermoelectric refrigeration (TEC) array. Indicates the hot-end temperature of the thermoelectric cooling (TEC) array; Condensate mass generation rate per unit time when moist air passes over superhydrophobic condenser fins for: ， in, This indicates the rate of condensate mass formation per unit time. Indicates the convective mass transfer coefficient; This represents the effective mass transfer area of ​​the superhydrophobic condenser fins. This indicates the mass concentration of water vapor in the mainstream humid air within the active airflow circulation chamber. This indicates the saturated water vapor mass concentration on the surface of the superhydrophobic condensation fins.

6. The apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that, The microcontroller unit (MCU) intelligent control core embeds a multi-objective collaborative optimization and discrete PID constant temperature control algorithm.

7. The apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that, The multi-objective collaborative optimization and discrete PID isothermal control algorithm adopts the following PID control equation: ， ， in, This represents the pulse width modulation (PWM) duty cycle control quantity output to the thermoelectric refrigeration (TEC) array at the current control time t. Indicates proportional control gain; Indicates integral control gain; Indicates the differential control gain; This indicates the temperature control deviation at the current control time t; Indicates the time variable of integration; This represents the dew point temperature at the current control time t; This indicates the set temperature difference between the target surface temperature of the superhydrophobic condenser fins and the dew point temperature; This represents the actual surface temperature of the superhydrophobic condenser fins at the current control time t.

8. The apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that, The microcontroller unit (MCU) intelligent control core adopts a dynamic energy optimization objective function J at the overall energy scheduling level of the device. This dynamic energy optimization objective function J is used to calculate the condensate mass generation rate per unit time. A multi-objective balance is achieved between the total system load power consumption Psys(t) and the battery state of charge. The dynamic energy optimization objective function J is: ， ， in, This indicates maximizing the dynamic energy optimization objective function J; tmax represents the optimization time window length. This represents the water production weighting coefficient; This represents the rate of condensate mass generation per unit time under the integral time variable τ; This represents the normalized upper limit of the condensate mass generation rate per unit time; This represents the power consumption weighting coefficient; This represents the total system load power consumption under the integral time variable τ; This represents the normalized upper limit of the total system load power consumption; This represents the penalty function based on the battery's state of charge (SOC). This indicates the state of charge (SOC) of the off-grid micro-energy storage lithium battery pack. Indicates the battery state-of-charge protection threshold; This represents the growth coefficient of the penalty function.

9. The apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that, The microcontroller unit (MCU) intelligent control core identifies whether the connected module is the photovoltaic rainwater funnel cover module A or the umbrella-shaped wind-solar hybrid power component module B through waterproof electrical contacts.

10. The apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that, The microcontroller unit (MCU) intelligent control core collects ambient air temperature. Ambient air relative humidity Light intensity E, natural wind speed and battery state of charge (SOC); When the light intensity E is lower than the preset light threshold E th Dew point temperature Higher than the target surface temperature of the superhydrophobic condensation fins and Higher than When the system enters the optimal nighttime energy efficiency window, the microcontroller unit (MCU) intelligent control core outputs a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal to the thermoelectric refrigeration (TEC) array based on the dynamic energy optimization objective function J and the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) constant temperature control algorithm, thereby driving the net cooling capacity of the TEC array. The cooling capacity required for water vapor phase change is achieved, and the turbine fan in the active airflow circulation chamber is controlled to introduce humid air, causing the humid air to condense on the surface of the superhydrophobic condensing fins. The condensate or rainwater introduced by the photovoltaic rainwater funnel cover module A enters the bottom water storage tank and is then processed by the composite purification filter and the deep ultraviolet UV-C sterilization chamber before being output.

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