A mixed networking electronic detonator initiation system based on star flash communication and a control method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a mixed networking electronic detonator initiation system based on star flash communication and a control method, and relates to the technical field of civil blasting. The system comprises an initiation controller and a star flash relay initiator. The initiation controller is integrated with a high-precision positioning module and a star flash main communication module. The star flash relay initiator is arranged at a safe distance outside a blast area, interacts with the initiation controller through a star flash protocol, and drives the networking of electronic detonators in the blast area through a wired mode. A star flash wireless link is used between the initiation controller and the star flash relay initiator to replace a traditional long-distance communication line. Wired networking is reserved in the blast area, and an emergency wired direct connection interface is reserved. The system can cross mountains and other obstacles through multi-relay adaptive networking, can ensure that the operation personnel are outside a safe distance through dynamic distance monitoring, and can realize the fast adaptation of electronic detonators of various manufacturers without modifying the internal structure of the detonators through the fast replacement of control cards of corresponding manufacturers, so that the cost, reliability and terrain adaptability are considered.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of civil blasting technology, specifically to a hybrid network electronic detonator initiation system and control method based on star-flash communication, which is particularly suitable for scenarios requiring long-distance and obstacle-crossing electronic detonator blasting operations in complex terrains such as open-pit mines and tunnel excavation. Background Technology

[0002] Electronic detonator initiation systems are core technology and equipment in the field of civilian blasting, widely used in engineering scenarios such as mining, tunneling, and building demolition. Traditional electronic detonator initiation systems rely on long-distance communication lines to connect the detonation controller and the blasting area. In actual blasting operations such as open-pit mines and tunneling, operators need to lay hundreds or even thousands of meters of communication cables, crossing roads, complex terrain, or obstacle areas. This process has the following prominent problems: First, the wiring efficiency is low. Laying long-distance cables manually is time-consuming and labor-intensive, seriously affecting operational efficiency. Second, the cables are easily damaged. Communication lines are often damaged by vehicles running over them, rocks scraping them, or people stepping on them, leading to detonation interruptions. Third, the terrain adaptability is poor. Laying cables in complex terrains such as ravines, steep slopes, and dense forests is difficult, and sometimes the end of the detonator is getting closer and closer to the blasting area. Fourth, the safety risks are increased. Cables in complex terrains such as steps in mining areas are prone to breakage due to pulling, wear, or falling rocks. Moreover, manual wiring requires maintaining a safe distance in complex terrain, posing a risk of personnel being exposed to dangerous areas.

[0003] To address the aforementioned issues, the industry has attempted various wireless solutions, but all have limitations: Fully wireless electronic detonator solutions (such as Orica WebGen™) require modifications to the internal structure of detonators within the firing zone, resulting in high costs. Furthermore, communication between detonators is susceptible to the complex environment of rock powder and water within the borehole, making reliability difficult to guarantee; some solutions only support one-way communication. While wireless relay solutions based on technologies such as LoRa and ZigBee reduce cable dependence, their low communication speeds (e.g., LoRa's typical speed is only 0.3-50kbps) make it difficult to support real-time detection and detonation command issuance for large-scale detonator groups, and their weak anti-interference capabilities make them prone to failure in strong electromagnetic environments. Therefore, existing solutions either sacrifice cost (full wireless transformation) or reliability (low-performance wireless technology), failing to find a balance between cost, reliability, and terrain adaptability.

[0004] More importantly, the common limitation of the above solutions is that they either modify the internal structure of the detonator or replace wired communication with low-performance wireless technology. They fail to properly solve the most vulnerable and difficult-to-set transmission link of "long-distance communication line between the detonation controller and the firing zone" in the traditional system under the premise of "no need to modify the internal structure of the detonator and compatibility with existing general detonators".

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an electronic detonator initiation system and control method that can replace long-distance communication lines wirelessly, reduce wiring difficulty and cable loss, retain the high reliability of wired networking within the artillery area, require no modification to the internal structure of the detonator, and ensure operational continuity in extreme scenarios. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a hybrid network electronic detonator initiation system and control method based on NearLink communication. Its core concept lies in constructing a hybrid network architecture of "NearLink wireless link—wired network in the firing area—emergency wired direct connection." NearLink wireless links replace the long-distance communication lines between the initiation controller and the firing area—which are the most vulnerable and difficult to establish in traditional systems. Simultaneously, a wired network is maintained within the firing area to ensure absolute reliability of detonator communication, and an emergency wired direct connection interface is reserved to ensure operational continuity in extreme scenarios. Furthermore, multi-relay adaptive networking solves signal coverage problems in complex terrain, dynamic distance monitoring ensures operators remain at a safe distance, and the readily replaceable control card from the corresponding manufacturer in the initiation controller enables rapid adaptation to electronic detonator initiation systems from various domestic manufacturers without modifying the internal structure of the detonators within the firing area.

[0007] The hybrid networked electronic detonator initiation system of the present invention includes an initiation controller and at least one star-flash relay initiator. The initiation controller integrates a high-precision positioning module and a star-flash main communication module, supporting password authorization, multi-relay adaptive connection, dynamic distance monitoring through star-flash positioning function, and emergency wired switching function. The star-flash relay initiator is deployed at a preset safe distance outside the firing zone, has a built-in power management module, interacts with the initiation controller through the star-flash protocol, and drives the electronic detonator network within the firing zone via a wired connection. The initiation controller and the star-flash relay initiator establish communication via a star-flash wireless link, replacing the traditional long-distance communication line. The star-flash relay initiator and the electronic detonators within the firing zone retain a wired network connection, and the initiation controller reserves a standard communication line interface to form an emergency wired direct connection channel.

[0008] Furthermore, the StarSpark wireless link is used to carry detonation commands, detection data, and status information between the detonation controller and the StarSpark relay detonator. The StarSpark technology is based on the 5G NR physical layer design and has the characteristics of low latency, high reliability, high concurrency, and high speed. The air interface latency is as low as microseconds, and it can still maintain high reliable transmission in low signal-to-noise ratio environments. The peak rate can support rapid detection and command issuance for large-scale detonator groups.

[0009] Furthermore, the wired network in the artillery area uses quick-connect clamps to physically connect each electronic detonator to the main line within the artillery area, ensuring absolute reliability of communication within the artillery area; only a star-flash wireless link replaces the long-distance communication line between the detonator and the artillery area, thereby eliminating the vulnerable and difficult-to-install long-distance wiring while maintaining the reliability of wired connections within the artillery area.

[0010] Furthermore, the multi-relay adaptive networking includes: cascaded relay, supporting the cascading of multiple repeaters, and achieving adaptive networking through the Star Flash protocol to overcome obstacles such as mountains and buildings; cross-fire zone interconnection, supporting the interconnection of repeaters in different fire zones to achieve multi-area coordinated detonation; and dynamic routing, automatically selecting the optimal communication path based on signal strength, and automatically switching to a backup link when a link is interrupted.

[0011] Furthermore, the dynamic distance monitoring involves utilizing the ranging capabilities of the high-precision positioning module and the star-flash communication module built into the detonator to calculate the distance between the detonator and the star-flash relay detonator in real time. When the distance exceeds a preset safety threshold, charging and detonation operations are refused and an alarm is issued to ensure that operators remain at a safe distance. This dynamic distance monitoring is used for safety distance threshold judgment and link distance assessment. Its purpose is to ensure operator safety and assess communication link quality, not for the calibration, registration, or acquisition of the geographical coordinates of electronic detonators or other equipment, nor for determining the detonator's registered coordinates. Therefore, it differs from the positioning purpose of obtaining the absolute coordinates of equipment through wireless positioning methods.

[0012] Furthermore, the ranging method of the dynamic distance monitoring is as follows: the absolute position information provided by the high-precision positioning module is fused with the relative distance result obtained by the star-flash communication module through time of flight (ToF) and / or time difference of arrival (TDoA). When the positioning module signal weakens in the obstructed environment, it can still maintain sub-meter ranging accuracy based on the ToF / TDoA relative distance result.

[0013] Furthermore, the corresponding manufacturer's control card is a pluggable control module installed in the detonation controller. Different manufacturers' electronic detonators correspond to different models of control cards. When it is necessary to adapt to electronic detonators from a certain manufacturer, the control card in the detonation controller can be quickly replaced with the corresponding control card from that manufacturer without any modification to the internal structure of the electronic detonators already deployed in the firing area.

[0014] Furthermore, the emergency wired direct connection is as follows: the detonation controller has a reserved standard communication line interface. When the star flash wireless link is abnormal, the detonation controller automatically or manually switches to the standard communication line interface to establish communication with the blasting area through the emergency wired method, ensuring the continuity of operation in extreme scenarios.

[0015] This invention also provides a hybrid network electronic detonator initiation control method based on star-flash communication, comprising the following steps: deploying star-flash relay detonators at a preset safe distance outside the firing zone and connecting them to the electronic detonators within the firing zone via wired connection; establishing a star-flash wireless link between the detonation controller and each star-flash relay detonator to replace the traditional long-distance communication line, and reserving an emergency wired direct connection port; the detonation controller interacting with the star-flash relay detonators through multi-relay adaptive networking, issuing detection, registration, charging, and detonation commands; performing real-time dynamic distance monitoring during operation, determining whether the distance between the detonation controller and the star-flash relay detonators is within a safe threshold based on the distance between them; and switching to an emergency wired direct connection to continue operation when the star-flash wireless link is abnormal.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. Hybrid networking, balancing reliability and efficiency: Only the Star Flash wireless link is used to replace the long-distance communication line between the detonation controller and the firing area, which is the most vulnerable and difficult to set up. The wired network is still retained inside the firing area. This eliminates the bottleneck of long-distance wiring, improves operational efficiency and adaptability to complex terrain, and retains the absolute reliability of communication inside the firing area. 2. No need to modify detonators, quick adaptation to various manufacturers: Based on the current general-purpose basic electronic detonators, only the corresponding manufacturer's control card in the detonation controller needs to be quickly replaced to quickly adapt to electronic detonators from various domestic manufacturers. The cost is significantly reduced compared to the fully wireless solution, and the technology is mature and easy to implement. 3. StarFlash underlying support: StarFlash technology features low latency, high reliability, high concurrency and high speed, and natively supports high-precision ranging (ToF / TDoA), providing reliable guarantees for real-time air interface command delivery, multi-relay adaptive networking and dynamic distance monitoring; 4. Multi-relay adaptive networking: Through cascaded relays, cross-battery area interconnection and dynamic routing, it can overcome obstacles such as mountains and buildings, and solve the problems of signal coverage and multi-area coordinated detonation in complex terrain; 5. Dynamic distance monitoring ensures safety: By integrating the positioning module with the star-flash ranging, the distance between the detonation controller and the repeater is measured in real time, and a safe distance threshold judgment is performed accordingly to ensure that the operator is always outside the safe distance; 6. Emergency wired direct connection backup: A standard communication line interface is reserved, which will automatically switch when the StarFlash wireless link is abnormal, ensuring the continuity of operation in extreme scenarios and improving the robustness of the system. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall architecture of the hybrid network electronic detonator initiation system of the present invention (including initiation controller, star flash wireless link, star flash relay detonator and wired network of the artillery area, and emergency wired direct connection port). Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the multi-relay adaptive networking of the present invention (including cascaded relays, cross-fire zone interconnection and dynamic routing). Figure 3 This is a block diagram illustrating the principle of dynamic distance monitoring in this invention (including a high-precision positioning module, a star-flash ToF / TDoA ranging module, a fusion algorithm, and a safe distance threshold judgment). Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the quick replacement and adaptation of the corresponding manufacturer's control card in the detonation controller of this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0019] Example 1: Basic Architecture of Hybrid Networking System This embodiment illustrates the basic composition and connection relationships of the hybrid network electronic detonator initiation system of the present invention. (For reference...) Figure 1 The system includes a detonation controller and a star-flash relay detonator. The detonation controller integrates a high-precision positioning module and a star-flash main communication module, supporting password authorization, multi-relay adaptive connection, dynamic distance monitoring, and emergency wired switching functions. The star-flash relay detonator is deployed at a predetermined safe distance outside the firing zone, has a built-in power management module, interacts with the detonation controller via the star-flash protocol, and drives the electronic detonators network within the firing zone via a wired connection.

[0020] In terms of architecture, a star-flash wireless link is established between the detonation controller and the star-flash relay detonator to carry detonation commands, detection data, and status information, replacing traditional long-distance communication lines. The star-flash relay detonator is connected to each electronic detonator in the firing zone via a wired connection through quick-connect clamps, forming a wired network within the firing zone to ensure absolutely reliable communication within the firing zone. Simultaneously, the detonation controller reserves a standard communication line interface to form an emergency wired direct connection channel for emergency communication in case of star-flash wireless link failure. Thus, this invention constructs a hybrid networking architecture of "star-flash wireless link—firing zone wired network—emergency wired direct connection," eliminating the vulnerable and difficult-to-install long-distance communication line between the controller and the firing zone while maintaining the reliability of wired connections within the firing zone.

[0021] Example 2: Transmission Mechanism of Replacing Long-Distance Communication Lines with Starlight Wireless Links This embodiment illustrates a transmission mechanism that uses a StarFlash wireless link to replace traditional long-distance communication lines. StarFlash technology, based on the 5G NR physical layer design, possesses core advantages such as low latency, high reliability, high concurrency, and high speed. Its low latency characteristic reduces air interface latency to the microsecond level, meeting the stringent real-time requirements of detonation systems. Its high reliability characteristic, through polar codes and HARQ retransmission mechanisms, maintains a high transmission success rate even in low signal-to-noise ratio environments, ensuring reliable delivery of detonation commands. Its high speed characteristic supports rapid detection and command issuance for large-scale detonator groups.

[0022] During the detonation preparation phase, the detonation controller sends commands for detonator detection and status reading to the StarSpark relay detonator via the StarSpark wireless link. The StarSpark relay detonator detects each detonator and transmits its status back through the wired network of the firing area, which the detonation controller uses to complete detonator registration and verification. During the detonation phase, the detonation controller sends a detonation command via the StarSpark wireless link. Upon receiving the command, the StarSpark relay detonator drives each electronic detonator in the wired network of the firing area to detonate sequentially according to a set timing sequence. Since the StarSpark wireless link only handles long-distance transmission between the detonation controller and the firing area, and its location avoids the difficulties of laying traditional long-distance communication lines across complex terrain, and the cost of the StarSpark module has been reduced to a low level, the difficulty and cost of engineering implementation are significantly reduced.

[0023] Example 3: Multi-relay adaptive networking This embodiment illustrates a multi-relay adaptive networking mechanism, which can be referred to as [reference needed]. Figure 2 When the terrain of the firing zone is complex, and there are obstacles such as mountains and buildings between the detonation controller and the firing zone, the direct link between the detonation controller and a single star-flash relay detonator may be blocked. This invention solves this problem through the following mechanisms: First, cascaded relaying, supporting the cascading of multiple repeaters and achieving adaptive networking through the star-flash protocol, allowing the signal to hop across obstacles to reach the firing zone; Second, cross-firing zone interconnection, supporting interconnection between repeaters in different firing zones to achieve multi-area coordinated detonation; Third, dynamic routing, where each repeater automatically selects the optimal communication path based on real-time signal strength, and automatically switches to a backup link when a link is interrupted due to blockage, interference, or fault, ensuring communication continuity. Therefore, this invention can still establish a reliable star-flash wireless link from the detonation controller to the firing zone even in complex terrain.

[0024] Example 4: Dynamic Distance Monitoring This embodiment illustrates the dynamic distance monitoring mechanism, which can be referred to as [reference needed]. Figure 3 The detonation controller utilizes the ranging capabilities of its built-in high-precision positioning module and the star-flash communication module to calculate the distance between itself and the star-flash relay detonator in real time. Specifically, the high-precision positioning module provides the absolute position information of the detonation controller with an accuracy of up to centimeter level; the star-flash communication protocol natively supports time-of-flight (ToF) and time difference of arrival (TDoA) measurements. By measuring the propagation time or time difference of the signal between the detonation controller and the star-flash relay detonator, the relative distance can be directly calculated with a much higher accuracy than estimation methods based on signal strength, and it is unaffected by environmental obstructions or signal attenuation fluctuations.

[0025] Furthermore, a fusion algorithm (such as Kalman filtering) is employed to combine the absolute position data of the positioning module with the ToF / TDoA ranging results. Even in obstructed environments, when the positioning module signal weakens, the ToF / TDoA measurement still provides high-precision relative distance information, enabling the system to maintain sub-meter ranging accuracy in complex terrain. This allows for accurate determination of whether the operator is consistently at a safe distance from the firing zone. When the calculated distance exceeds a preset safety threshold, the detonation controller refuses to execute charging and detonation operations and issues an alarm, ensuring operational safety from the outset.

[0026] It should be noted that the dynamic distance monitoring described in this embodiment aims to determine safe distance thresholds and assess link distances. Specifically, it uses distance measurement to ensure the safe distance for operators and assess the link status between the detonator and the repeater, rather than for calibrating, registering, or obtaining the geographical coordinates of electronic detonators or other equipment, nor to determine the registered coordinates of detonators. Accordingly, the relative distance obtained from the distance measurement is only used as a basis for determining safety thresholds and link management, and does not participate in determining the geographical coordinates of each electrical detonator within the firing zone. Therefore, the distance measurement purpose of this invention is fundamentally different from existing positioning methods that use wireless positioning methods such as starburst to obtain the absolute coordinates of detonators or equipment and then use these coordinates for detonator registration.

[0027] Example 5: Quick Adaptation to Corresponding Manufacturer's Control Card This embodiment illustrates the mechanism by which the present invention achieves rapid adaptation without modifying the internal structure of the detonator. (See reference for further details.) Figure 4 This invention is based on currently common basic electronic detonators. The detonation controller contains pluggable control cards from corresponding manufacturers; different manufacturers' electronic detonators correspond to different control card models. When it is necessary to replace the electronic detonator with one from a specific manufacturer, the operator only needs to quickly replace the control card in the detonation controller with the corresponding control card from that manufacturer to complete the adaptation, without requiring any modification to the internal structure of the electronic detonators already deployed in the firing area. Therefore, the same model of detonation controller can be flexibly adapted to electronic detonators from various domestic manufacturers by changing the control card, significantly reducing equipment procurement and modification costs, and improving the system's versatility and ease of engineering implementation.

[0028] Example 6: Emergency Wired Direct Connection and Operational Continuity Assurance This embodiment illustrates the emergency wired direct connection mechanism. The detonation controller has a reserved standard communication line interface. During normal operation, the detonation controller interacts with the star-flash relay detonator via a star-flash wireless link. When the star-flash wireless link malfunctions due to strong electromagnetic interference, equipment failure, or other reasons, the detonation controller automatically or manually switches to the standard communication line interface, establishing communication with the blasting area via the emergency wired direct connection to continue detection and detonation operations. This ensures operational continuity in extreme scenarios and prevents blasting operation failure due to communication interruption. This emergency wired direct connection channel works in conjunction with the wired network in the blasting area to form a dual guarantee, improving the overall robustness of the system.

[0029] Example 7: The overall support of the star-flash bottom-layer characteristics for hybrid networking This embodiment illustrates the supporting role of the underlying characteristics of StarSpark technology in the overall hybrid networking architecture of this invention. StarSpark communication possesses low latency, high reliability, high concurrency, high speed, and high-precision ranging capabilities: low latency ensures real-time delivery of detonation commands; high reliability ensures reliable transmission of detonation commands in complex electromagnetic environments; high concurrency supports concurrent interaction and multi-area collaboration with multiple StarSpark relay detonators and multiple relays; high speed supports data detection and command issuance for large-scale detonator groups; and high-precision ranging provides a reliable measurement basis for dynamic distance monitoring. These underlying characteristics enable the reliable engineering implementation of the hybrid networking architecture of "StarSpark wireless link replacing long-distance communication lines + wired networking in the artillery area + multi-relay adaptive networking + dynamic distance monitoring + emergency wired direct connection".

[0030] Example 8: Typical Application Scenarios This embodiment illustrates a typical application scenario of the present invention. In open-pit mine blasting operations, the detonator is deployed in a safe control location, typically far from the blasting area and in complex terrain such as steps and mining areas. Operators deploy the star-flash relay detonator at a safe distance outside the blasting area and connect it to the wired network of detonators within the blasting area. The detonator establishes communication with the star-flash relay detonator via a star-flash wireless link, eliminating the need to lay long-distance communication lines across steps. In tunnel excavation and similar scenarios, the star-flash wireless link can also be used to overcome obstacles such as mountains, combined with multi-relay adaptive networking to achieve signal coverage, and dynamic distance monitoring ensures operator safety. When the detonator manufacturer within the blasting area changes, only the corresponding manufacturer's control card for the detonator needs to be replaced for adaptation.

[0031] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention; any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hybrid network electronic detonator initiation system based on star-flash communication, characterized in that, Includes a detonation controller and at least one star flash relay detonator; The detonation controller integrates a high-precision positioning module and a star-flash main communication module, supporting password authorization, multi-relay adaptive connection, dynamic distance monitoring through star-flash positioning function, and emergency wired switching function. The Star Flash relay detonator is deployed at a preset safe distance outside the blasting area. It has a built-in power management module, interacts with the detonation controller through the Star Flash protocol, and drives the electronic detonator network in the blasting area through a wired connection. The detonation controller and the star-flash relay detonator establish communication via a star-flash wireless link to replace traditional long-distance communication lines; the star-flash relay detonator maintains a wired network connection with the electronic detonators in the firing zone; the detonation controller reserves a standard communication line interface to form an emergency wired direct connection channel.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The detonation controller is equipped with a pluggable control card corresponding to the manufacturer. Different manufacturers' electronic detonators correspond to different models of control cards. When adapting to electronic detonators from a certain manufacturer, the control card in the detonation controller can be quickly replaced with the corresponding control card from that manufacturer without modifying the internal structure of the electronic detonators already deployed in the firing area.

3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-relay adaptive connection includes: Cascaded repeaters support cascading of multiple repeaters and achieve adaptive networking through the StarFlash protocol to overcome obstacles such as mountains and buildings; Cross-fire zone interconnection supports interconnection of star flash relay detonators or repeaters in different fire zones to achieve multi-zone coordinated detonation; Dynamic routing automatically selects the optimal communication path based on signal strength and automatically switches to a backup link when a link is interrupted.

4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dynamic distance monitoring is achieved by calculating the distance between the detonation controller and the star flash relay detonator in real time using the following method: The high-precision positioning module provides the absolute position information of the detonation controller; The relative distance between the detonation controller and the star flash relay detonator is obtained by utilizing the time-of-flight (ToF) and / or time difference of arrival (TDoA) measurement capabilities of the star flash main communication module; A fusion algorithm is used to fuse the absolute position information with the relative distance result. Even when the positioning module signal weakens in an occluded environment, the sub-meter ranging accuracy is still maintained based on the ToF / TDoA relative distance result. When the calculated distance exceeds the preset safety threshold, the detonation controller refuses to perform charging and detonation operations and issues an alarm.

5. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The dynamic distance monitoring is only used for determining the safe distance threshold and assessing the link distance to ensure that operators are outside the safe distance and to assess the quality of the communication link. It is not used to calibrate, register or obtain the geographical coordinates of electronic detonators and other equipment, nor is it used to determine the registered coordinates of detonators.

6. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The emergency wired direct connection channel is used to: when the star flash wireless link malfunctions, the detonation controller automatically or manually switches to the standard communication line interface to establish communication with the blasting area via emergency wired means, ensuring the continuity of operations.

7. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Star Flash wireless link is used to carry detonation commands, detection data and status information between the detonation controller and the Star Flash relay detonator. Star Flash technology has the characteristics of low latency, high reliability, high concurrency and high speed. Its air interface latency is as low as microseconds. It maintains high reliability transmission in low signal-to-noise ratio environments. The peak rate supports rapid detection and command issuance for large-scale detonator groups.

8. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wired network in the artillery area uses quick-connect clamps to physically connect each electronic detonator to the main line, replacing the long-distance communication line between the detonator controller and the artillery area with only the star flash wireless link, thus maintaining the reliability of the wired network within the artillery area.

9. A hybrid network electronic detonator initiation control method based on star-flash communication, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The star flash relay detonator is deployed at a predetermined safe distance outside the blasting area and connected to the electronic detonator in the blasting area via a wired connection. A star-flash wireless link is established between the detonation controller and each star-flash relay detonator to replace the traditional long-distance communication line, and an emergency wired direct connection port is reserved. The detonation controller interacts with the star flash relay detonator through a multi-relay adaptive network, and issues detection, registration, charging and detonation commands. During operation, dynamic distance monitoring is performed in real time. The distance between the detonation controller and the star flash relay detonator is used to determine whether it is within the preset safety threshold. If the distance exceeds the threshold, the charging and detonation operations will be refused. When the StarFlash wireless link malfunctions, switch to the emergency wired direct connection channel to continue operation.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The star flash relay detonator is compatible with the detonation controller via a pluggable control card from the corresponding manufacturer. When replacing electronic detonators from different manufacturers, the compatibility is completed by quickly replacing the corresponding control card in the detonation controller, without needing to modify the internal structure of the electronic detonators in the firing area.

11. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The dynamic distance monitoring uses a fusion algorithm to fuse the absolute position information of the high-precision positioning module with the ToF / TDoA relative distance result of the star flash communication module, so as to ensure that the sub-meter ranging accuracy is maintained even in the occlusion environment. The dynamic distance monitoring is only used for determining the safety distance threshold and evaluating the link distance, and is not used for calibrating, registering or obtaining the geographical coordinates of electronic detonators and other equipment.

12. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The multi-relay adaptive networking includes: adaptive networking by cascading multiple repeaters to cross obstacles, multi-area coordinated detonation by interconnecting repeaters in different artillery zones, and dynamic routing that automatically selects the optimal communication path based on signal strength and switches to a backup link when the link is interrupted.

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