A method of indirectly measuring bore location tolerance

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of indirect measurement hole position degree method, belong to aero-engine manufacturing field.For the problem that three-coordinate measuring head cannot be touched due to the limitation of slender shaft structure after combined machining, hole position degree is difficult to detect directly, the application converts position degree measurement into assembly judgment.The method comprises the following steps: providing a gauge composed of a positioning plate and a test pin with eccentric detection segments, the size meets D min -dm ax ≥Δ1+Δ2+Δ3+T, wherein T is the allowable position degree, Δ is the cumulative error of each item of the gauge;The test pin is fixed to the positioning plate to form a rigid assembly, and is assembled as a whole to the measured part in a reference surface matching manner, and all detection segments are inserted into the corresponding holes to be measured at one time.If all are freely inserted, it is determined that the position degree is qualified.The application replaces complex measurement with simple assembly action through the limit inclusion principle, and is suitable for position degree technical condition inspection of various types that cannot be directly measured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of aero-engine manufacturing technology, and more specifically to a method for indirectly measuring the position of holes. Background Technology

[0002] As aero-engine technology matures, the precision requirements for engine rotor components are increasing. Some rotor connections can only meet these precision requirements through assembly machining. Due to the unique structure of components, especially low-pressure turbine rotors, the holes for rivets at the connection points need to be machined together to meet assembly precision requirements when installing the sealing housing onto the inner shaft. Because the inner shaft is a slender shaft, the coordinate measuring machine (CMM) probe cannot detect the corresponding parts after the connection holes are machined, making it impossible to directly detect the positional accuracy of the machined holes using existing inspection methods.

[0003] In the field of aero-engine manufacturing, various solutions exist for inspecting the positional accuracy and geometric tolerances of holes in parts with special structures or easily deformable parts. CN117663945B discloses a constraint inspection method and device for non-rigid ring parts. This method applies constraint conditions to the part using a front inspection ring and a rear inspection ring, effectively simulating the assembly state of the non-rigid ring part on the engine. Under this constraint condition, the inspection results of hole positional accuracy, coaxiality, circular runout of the inner surface, and parallelism between the rear end face and the front end face can be obtained respectively. These inspection results can intuitively reflect the accuracy status of the non-rigid ring part on the engine. This method plays an important role in controlling the machining quality of parts by inspecting the coaxiality between the two sets of precision hole pitch circles on the front and rear mounting edges. It solves the problem that non-rigid ring parts deform in a free state, resulting in large shape and position errors that exceed the design drawing tolerances and cannot be inspected and accepted according to the design drawings. Its inspection results are stable and reliable, ensuring the assembly accuracy and usage requirements of non-rigid ring parts. CN120609249A discloses an inspection device and method for the positional accuracy of tenon pin holes in fan rotor blades. A horizontal through-hole is provided on the support, and two positioning blocks are spaced apart to form tenon mounting grooves. The limiting pin is interference-fitted with the support and located in the tenon mounting groove, used to position the tenon end face of the blade to be inspected. The pressure block is slidably installed in the sliding hole of the support, and the eccentric shaft is installed on the support. The eccentric column in the middle fits with the waist-shaped hole of the pressure block, and a handle is provided at the top. Dial gauges are installed on dial gauge base one and dial gauge base two respectively and placed on the top surface of the slide, used to measure the highest and lowest points of the blade tenon pin hole.

[0004] However, the above methods are only suitable for simulating the constraint state of non-rigid ring parts to perform multiple geometric tolerance checks, or for contact measurements of specific structures such as tenon pin holes on fan rotor blades. For special cases where the coordinate measuring machine (CMM) probe cannot physically reach the holes after machining due to structural limitations such as slender shafts, there is still a lack of an effective and convenient method to verify whether the positional accuracy of the machined holes meets the drawing requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to propose a method for measuring the positional accuracy of holes in specific locations. By using an indirect measurement method, utilizing the machining accuracy and assembly relationship of the tooling, and considering the machining errors of each component and the cumulative assembly errors, the limit errors that may occur during the machining and assembly process are calculated. Based on considering all errors, the machining is indirectly evaluated by simulating the assembly of the tooling and by judging whether the assembly is in place, thereby achieving indirect measurement of positional accuracy.

[0006] The technical solution of this invention: A method for indirectly measuring hole position accuracy, used to inspect the position accuracy of multiple holes to be measured on a part at one time after assembly machining. A fixture is provided, the fixture comprising a positioning plate and at least one inspection pin. The positioning plate has a positioning part for engaging with a reference surface of the part being measured, and at least one mating hole with known position accuracy. The inspection pin has a positioning section adapted to the mating hole, and a detection section for insertion into the hole to be measured. The method includes the following steps: Step 1: Determine the dimensional relationships so that the provided fixture meets the following conditions: D min -d max ≥Δ1 +Δ2 +Δ3 + T, where, D min Let d be the minimum limiting diameter of the hole to be measured. max Δ1 is the maximum limit diameter of the inspection section of the fixture, Δ2 is the maximum clearance generated when the fixture positioning part mates with the reference surface, Δ3 is the manufacturing tolerance width of the inspection section diameter, and T is the allowable position tolerance value of the hole to be tested; Δ1, Δ2, Δ3, and T are all diameter quantities. Step 2: Provide a gauge that meets the conditions of Step 1, wherein the detection section of the inspection pin has a preset eccentricity relative to the axis of its positioning section, and the diameter of its detection section is d. max manufacture; Step 3: Position and install the inspection fixture on the part to be tested, assemble and fix the positioning section of the inspection pin in the mating hole of the positioning plate, assemble the positioning plate with the inspection pin fixed on it onto the reference surface of the part to be tested through the positioning part, align the inspection section with the hole to be tested and try to insert all inspection sections into the corresponding hole to be tested at the same time. Step 4: If all test segments can be freely inserted, the position of the hole to be tested is deemed to be qualified; otherwise, it is deemed to be unqualified.

[0007] Furthermore, the positional tolerance of the mating hole of the positioning plate, the mating tolerance between the positioning part and the reference surface, and the dimensional tolerance of the detection section are predetermined by calculation through assembly dimension chain based on the allowable positional tolerance of the hole to be tested. This ensures that, under the condition of cumulative limit error, the detection section can be freely inserted only when the actual positional tolerance of the hole to be tested does not exceed the allowable value.

[0008] Furthermore, the positioning plate is a circular plate with a positioning part at its center for mating with the reference surface of the part to be measured. It has multiple mating holes evenly distributed around its circumference for installing the inspection pin. The number and distribution diameter of the mating holes correspond to the holes to be measured.

[0009] Furthermore, the positioning part is an axially opened positioning hole for clearance fitting with the A datum surface of the inner shaft of the measured part. Furthermore, the inspection pin includes a pin shaft body, one end of which is the positioning section, having a positioning cylindrical surface for forming a precise positioning fit with the mating hole of the positioning plate; the other end is the eccentrically positioned detection section, having a detection cylindrical surface for inserting into the hole to be tested.

[0010] Furthermore, the main body of the pin is provided with a clearance structure at the connection point with the detection section, so that the side end face of the detection cylindrical surface of the detection section and the upper end face of the clearance structure are located in the same plane, so as to avoid the irregular structure of the hole opening accessory to be tested.

[0011] Further, in step 3, positioning and installing the inspection tool on the part to be tested specifically includes: fixing the positioning sections of multiple inspection pins in the mating holes of the positioning plate, fixing the upper part with nuts to form a rigid assembly, and assembling the rigid assembly onto the corresponding datum of the part to be tested in a datum-surface mating manner through the positioning part of its positioning plate. Furthermore, step 3, which attempts to simultaneously insert all detection segments into the corresponding test holes, specifically involves: during the overall assembly process, simultaneously and smoothly assembling all detection segments on the rigid assembly into all the corresponding test holes. The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: By analyzing and measuring positional accuracy, positional accuracy technical conditions that cannot be measured can be evaluated through a simple assembly method. By utilizing assembly relationships, the mechanical processing technical conditions can be evaluated by assessing whether the parts can be assembled successfully. The principle is ingenious, transforming complex measurement system relationships into simple assembly actions. The positive effect of this invention is that this indirect measurement method has extremely strong applicability. Any positional accuracy or other technical conditions that cannot be measured can be evaluated by using assembly methods. Attached Figure Description

[0012] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the specific embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0013] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the aperture for detecting the position in this invention; Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Enlarged image; Figure 3 This is a diagram showing the installation of the inspection tool; Figure 4 This is the front view of the positioning plate; Figure 5 This is a top view of the positioning plate; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a traditional inspection pin; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the improved detection pin of the present invention; Reference numerals: 1-Positioning plate; 2-Detection pin; 3-Nut; 4-Inner shaft; 5-Sealing housing. Detailed Implementation

[0014] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. However, it should not be construed that the scope of the subject matter of the present invention is limited to the following embodiments. All modifications, substitutions and alterations made based on ordinary technical knowledge and common practices in the art without departing from the above-described technical concept of the present invention are included within the scope of the present invention.

[0015] This invention aims to propose an indirect method for measuring hole position accuracy. Essentially, it transforms the technical conditions for position accuracy by shifting the evaluation of whether machining is qualified to the evaluation of whether assembly is qualified, using the ability to assemble successfully instead of the qualification of machining. The implementation method for indirect position accuracy measurement is as follows: The principle and method of indirect measurement are determined, and the implementation path is analyzed; the relationship between machining and assembly is verified both forward and reverse, determining the feasibility of using the evaluation of whether assembly is qualified to replace the qualification of machining; the limit tolerance range of machining error and cumulative assembly error is calculated, and the method for specifying the critical dimensional tolerances of the tooling is determined.

[0016] This invention transforms the evaluation of whether machining is qualified into the evaluation of whether assembly is qualified, using the ability to assemble successfully instead of the qualification of machining. The method for indirectly measuring position accuracy is as follows: 1) Determine the principles and methods of indirect measurement, and analyze the implementation path. For example... Figure 1and Figure 2 As shown, the location of the hole to be measured is special. Due to the large length of the inner shaft (over 1200mm) and the small radius of the hole from the shaft center (less than 100mm), the space is extremely limited. Existing testing methods cannot directly reach the area to be measured using the probe. Therefore, a positioning plate is designed, using the inner shaft surface A as a reference. (See...) Figure 3 The design of the positioning plate is shown below. Figure 4 and Figure 5 There are eight evenly distributed Φ10H7 precision holes at Φ187, with a positional tolerance of Φ0.012. Design an inspection pin, see... Figure 7 The inspection pin has a Φ10p6 precision positioning section at one end and a Φ2.785 precision detection section at the other end.

[0017] The working principle is as follows: Eight precision positioning segments of the inspection pins are assembled into the precision holes of the positioning plate. Nuts 3 are used to fix the inspection pins and the positioning plate together. When measuring the positional accuracy of the part, simply place the positioning plate with the inspection pins... Figure 3 As shown, taking A as the reference, the positioning plate with inspection pins is assembled onto the inner shaft with a sealing shell. At this time, it is only necessary to pay attention to whether all eight detection sections of the front end of the inspection pin (Φ2.785) can be smoothly assembled into the hole to be measured. If they can be smoothly assembled into the hole, it proves that the positional tolerance of the hole to be processed is less than Φ0.32, and the part is qualified. Conversely, if they cannot be assembled into the hole, it proves that the positional tolerance of the hole to be processed is greater than Φ0.32, and the part is unqualified. This achieves the detection of the positional tolerance of the part.

[0018] 2) Verify the relationship between machining and assembly through both forward and reverse processes to determine the feasibility of evaluating whether assembly qualification can replace machining qualification. The core of this invention is how to ensure that proper assembly proves positional compliance. The main factors affecting the final assembly are: the tolerance of the inner shaft A datum is 0.054max; the tolerance of the Φ92 inner hole that mates with the positioning plate and the inner shaft A datum is 0.008max; the positional deviation of the eight Φ10H7 precision holes evenly distributed at Φ187 on the positioning plate, i.e., the allowable positional deviation after the inspection pin is assembled into the hole is 0.012max; and the limit tolerance of the inspection section of the inspection pin is 0.016max. The total cumulative tooling error (diameter value) = 0.062 (datum) + 0.012 (positioning plate) + 0.016 (inspection pin) = 0.090mm.

[0019] 3) Calculate the limit tolerance range of machining errors and cumulative assembly errors to determine the method for giving tolerances of key dimensions related to tooling. Through conversion between assembly relationships and assembly dimension chains, the following conclusion can be drawn: given the tolerance of the datum inner shaft dimension, by giving the tolerances of the mating locating plate and the inspection pin, the limit tolerance range of the final inspection section of the inspection pin can be calculated. If all relevant parts are within the given tolerance range, then the quality of machining can be indirectly reflected through the assembly condition. Although the specific positional accuracy of the machining cannot be detected, it can be determined whether it is within or outside the tolerance range, ultimately achieving the purpose of positional accuracy detection. Example 1: Structural composition and dimensional limitations of the gauge. This example provides a combined gauge for indirectly measuring hole position accuracy, used to detect, for example... Figure 1 and Figure 2 The positional tolerance of the holes to be tested on the assembled part is shown. The part to be tested includes an inner shaft 4 and a sealing shell 5 fitted on it. The holes to be tested are eight rivet connection holes machined in the assembled state, with a specification of Φ10+0.06 / 0, evenly distributed along the circumference, and a positional tolerance requirement of Φ0.32.

[0020] like Figures 3 to 5 , Figure 7 As shown, the combined inspection fixture includes a positioning plate 1 and eight inspection pins 2.

[0021] The positioning plate 1 is a circular plate with a positioning hole at its center, which serves as a positioning part for clearance fitting with the A datum surface of the inner shaft 4 of the part being measured. Around the circumference of the positioning plate 1, there are eight precision fitting holes of Φ10H7 evenly distributed at a pitch circle diameter of Φ187, with a designed positional accuracy of Φ0.012. The number and distribution circle diameter of these eight fitting holes correspond one-to-one with the eight holes to be measured on the part being measured.

[0022] The inspection pin 2 includes a pin body, one end of which is a precision positioning section with a positioning cylindrical surface of Φ10p6 (+0.029 / +0.015), used to form a precision positioning fit (a tight interference fit) with the Φ10H7 mating hole on the positioning plate 1. The other end is a precision detection section, which has a preset eccentricity relative to the axis of the positioning section, and has a detection cylindrical surface of Φ2.785±0.005. The manufacturing tolerance bandwidth Δ3 of the diameter of this detection section is 0.016 mm.

[0023] like Figure 7As shown, as an improvement, the inspection pin 2 in this embodiment has a clearance structure at the connection between the detection section and the positioning section. This clearance structure is designed so that the side wall of the detection cylindrical surface of the detection section and the upper end surface of the clearance structure are in the same plane, thereby effectively avoiding irregular structures near the opening of the hole to be tested during detection, ensuring that the detection section can penetrate into the hole to be tested without obstruction.

[0024] During testing, such as Figure 3 As shown, the precision positioning sections of the eight inspection pins 2 are respectively installed into the eight mating holes of the positioning plate 1, and the inspection pins 2 are fastened to the positioning plate 1 by nuts 3 to form a rigid assembly.

[0025] In this embodiment, the cumulative manufacturing and assembly error Δ of the entire fixture and the allowable positional tolerance T of the hole to be measured satisfy the following dimensional relationship: D min -d max ≥Δ1 +Δ2 +Δ3 + T, where, D min The minimum limiting diameter of the hole to be measured, according to Figure 2 The dimension is marked Φ10+0.06 / 0, which is 10.00mm. d max The maximum limiting diameter of the detection section, according to Figure 7 The value is marked as Φ2.785±0.005, which is taken as 2.785mm. Δ1: The maximum clearance generated when the positioning hole of the positioning plate mates with the inner shaft A reference surface, which is 0.062mm, which is the sum of the inner shaft A reference tolerance of 0.054mm and the positioning plate inner hole tolerance of 0.008mm. Δ2: Position tolerance of the 8 mating holes on the positioning plate, taken as 0.012mm; Δ3: Manufacturing tolerance bandwidth for the diameter of the inspection section, taken as 0.016mm; T: The allowable positional tolerance of the hole to be tested, taken as 0.32mm.

[0026] Substituting the values: Left side 10.00 - 2.785 = 7.215mm; Right side 0.062 + 0.012 + 0.016 + 0.32 = 0.410mm. 7.215mm ≥ 0.410mm, the inequality holds.

[0027] Example 2: This example provides a method for indirectly measuring hole position accuracy. It uses the combined inspection fixture described in Example 1 to inspect the position accuracy of eight holes on a part at once after assembly machining. The essence of this method is to transform the position accuracy technical conditions, changing the evaluation of whether machining is qualified to the evaluation of whether assembly is qualified, using the ability to assemble to replace the qualification of machining.

[0028] The detection principle is as follows: Since the diameter of the detection section (Φ2.785) of inspection pin 2 is much smaller than the diameter of the hole to be tested (Φ10), there is a physical gap of 7.215mm between them. This large gap is intentionally designed to "enclose" all possible sources of error, including: the cumulative error of the fixture's own manufacturing and assembly (Δ1+Δ2+Δ3=0.090mm), and the maximum allowable positional error of the hole to be tested (T=0.32mm). The total space required to accommodate these errors is only 0.410mm, far less than the actual gap of 7.215mm.

[0029] Therefore, as long as the actual positional tolerance of the hole to be tested does not exceed Φ0.32, and all related parts are within the given tolerance range, the detection section at the front end of the inspection pin will inevitably be able to pass smoothly through the hole. Conversely, if even one inspection pin becomes severely stuck and cannot be smoothly assembled during actual measurement, it only indicates that the machining error of the positional tolerance of the hole to be tested has exceeded the limit tolerance of Φ0.32. This method verifies its feasibility from both forward and reverse directions by calculating the limit tolerance range of the assembly dimension chain.

[0030] The detection method specifically includes the following steps: Step 1: Determine and verify the dimensional relationships. Obtain the minimum limiting diameter D of the hole to be measured. min =10.00mm and the allowable positional tolerance T=0.32mm. Based on the maximum clearance Δ1=0.062mm between the positioning hole of positioning plate 1 and the inner shaft A datum surface, the positional tolerance Δ2=0.012mm of the mating hole on positioning plate 1, and the manufacturing tolerance bandwidth Δ3=0.016mm of the inspection section diameter, the maximum limit diameter d of the inspection section of the fixture to be manufactured is set. max =2.785mm. Verify that it meets the condition: 10.00-2.785≥0.062+0.012+0.016+0.32, that is, 7.215≥0.410, the inequality holds.

[0031] Step 2: Provide a fixture that meets the above conditions. Provide a combined fixture as described in Example 1, comprising a positioning plate 1 and eight inspection pins 2. The detection section of the inspection pin 2 has a preset eccentricity relative to the axis of its positioning section, and the diameter of the detection section is manufactured according to the maximum limit size requirement of d_max=2.785mm.

[0032] Step 3: Assemble and position the fixture. Insert the precision positioning segments of the eight inspection pins 2 into the mating holes of the positioning plate 1, and secure the inspection pins 2 to the positioning plate 1 using nuts 3 to form a rigid assembly. Then, using the center positioning hole of the positioning plate 1 as a reference, assemble it as a whole onto the inner shaft 4 with the sealing housing 5, using the A reference surface of the inner shaft 4 as a mating point. During this overall assembly process, attempt to simultaneously and smoothly assemble all eight inspection segments on the rigid assembly into the corresponding eight test holes.

[0033] Step 4: Judgment. If all 8 test segments can be freely and smoothly inserted into the corresponding test holes, then the positional tolerance of all 8 test holes on the part is determined to be less than Φ0.32, and the part is qualified; conversely, if any one test segment cannot be smoothly inserted, then the positional tolerance of the test hole is determined to be greater than Φ0.32, and the part is unqualified.

[0034] Through the above method, this invention successfully achieves indirect detection of positional parameters that cannot be directly measured through simple assembly operations. This method has wide applicability; any positional or other technical parameters that cannot be measured due to structural limitations can be indirectly measured using similar assembly evaluation methods.

[0035] The method for indirectly measuring the position of a hole provided by this invention has been described in detail above. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the structure and working principle of this invention. The descriptions of the embodiments above are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several improvements and modifications to this invention without departing from the principles of this invention, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of protection of the claims of this invention.

Claims

1. A method for indirectly measuring hole position accuracy, used to inspect the position accuracy of multiple holes to be measured on a part at one time after assembly machining, characterized in that: A fixture is provided, comprising a positioning plate (1) and at least one inspection pin (2). The positioning plate (1) has a positioning portion for engaging with a reference surface of the part to be measured, and at least one mating hole with known positional tolerance. The inspection pin (2) has a positioning section adapted to the mating hole, and a detection section for insertion into the hole to be measured. The fixture includes the following steps: Step 1: Determine the dimensional relationships so that the provided fixture meets the following conditions: D min -d max ≥Δ1 +Δ2 +Δ3 +T, where D min Let d be the minimum limiting diameter of the hole to be measured. max Δ1 is the maximum limit diameter of the inspection section of the fixture, Δ2 is the maximum clearance generated when the fixture positioning part mates with the reference surface, Δ3 is the manufacturing tolerance width of the inspection section diameter, and T is the allowable position tolerance value of the hole to be tested; Δ1, Δ2, Δ3, and T are all diameter quantities. Step 2: Provide a gauge that meets the conditions of Step 1, wherein the detection section of the inspection pin (2) has a preset eccentricity relative to the axis of its positioning section, and the diameter of its detection section is d. max manufacture; Step 3: Position and install the inspection tool on the part to be tested, assemble and fix the positioning section of the inspection pin (2) in the mating hole of the positioning plate (1), assemble the positioning plate with the inspection pin fixed on it onto the reference surface of the part to be tested through the positioning part, align the inspection section with the hole to be tested and try to insert all the inspection sections into the corresponding hole to be tested at the same time. Step 4: If all test segments can be freely inserted, the position of the hole to be tested is deemed to be qualified; otherwise, it is deemed to be unqualified.

2. The method for indirectly measuring the position of a hole according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positional tolerance of the mating hole of the positioning plate (1), the mating tolerance between the positioning part and the reference surface, and the dimensional tolerance of the detection section are predetermined by calculation through assembly dimension chain based on the allowable positional tolerance of the hole to be tested, so that under the condition of cumulative limit error, the detection section can be freely inserted only when the actual positional tolerance of the hole to be tested does not exceed the allowable value.

3. The method for indirectly measuring the position of a hole according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positioning plate (1) is a circular plate with a positioning part in the center for mating with the reference surface of the part to be measured. Multiple mating holes for installing the inspection pin (2) are evenly distributed around its circumference. The number and distribution circle diameter of the mating holes correspond to the holes to be measured.

4. The method for indirectly measuring the position of a hole according to claim 3, characterized in that: The positioning part is an axially opened positioning hole, which is used to make clearance fit with the A datum surface of the inner shaft of the part being measured.

5. The method for indirectly measuring the position of a hole according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inspection pin (2) includes a pin shaft body, one end of which is the positioning section, which has a positioning cylindrical surface for forming a precise positioning fit with the mating hole of the positioning plate (1); the other end of which is the eccentrically set detection section, which has a detection cylindrical surface for inserting into the hole to be tested.

6. The method for indirectly measuring the position of a hole according to claim 5, characterized in that: The main body of the pin is provided with a clearance structure at the connection with the detection section, so that the side end face of the detection cylindrical surface of the detection section and the upper end face of the clearance structure are in the same plane, so as to avoid the irregular structure of the hole opening accessory to be tested.

7. The method for indirectly measuring the position of a hole according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step 3, positioning and installing the inspection tool on the part to be tested specifically includes: fixing the positioning sections of multiple inspection pins (2) in the mating holes of the positioning plate (1), fixing the upper part of the pins (2) with nuts (3) to form a rigid assembly, and assembling the rigid assembly onto the corresponding reference of the part to be tested in a datum-surface mating manner through the positioning part of the positioning plate.

8. The method for indirectly measuring the position of a hole according to claim 5, characterized in that: Step 3, which attempts to insert all the detection segments into the corresponding test holes simultaneously, specifically involves attempting to smoothly assemble all the detection segments on the rigid assembly into all the corresponding test holes at the same time during the overall assembly process.

Images