A deformation displacement safety monitoring device for mining

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of slope monitoring, and more particularly to a deformation displacement safety monitoring device for mining. The device comprises a support vertical rod, a displacement data processor is arranged at the upper end of the support vertical rod, a support structure for supporting installation is arranged at the lower end of the support vertical rod, an anchor rod is further arranged, a traction rope is arranged through the anchor rod, a touch element is arranged at the end of the traction rope outside the anchor rod; a cavity with an open lower end is arranged in the support, a displacement monitor is arranged in the cavity, a vertical movable position measuring plate is arranged below the displacement monitor in the cavity, an elastic element is arranged between the position measuring plate and the inner wall of the cavity, and the lower end surface of the position measuring plate is connected with the first end of the traction rope. A double-dimension monitoring system of GNSS external surface layer monitoring and anchor rod built-in deep layer settlement monitoring is constructed, the internal concealed settlement deformation of the slope is accurately transmitted to the external detection element, the internal monitoring blind area problem existing in the traditional single external monitoring is solved, and multi-directional synchronous monitoring of the surface layer and deep layer deformation of the mining slope is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of slope monitoring technology, and in particular to a deformation and displacement safety monitoring device for mining. Background Technology

[0002] During mineral resource extraction, slope structures such as open-pit mines and mine pit slopes are core protection targets for mine safety. Mine slopes are constantly affected by multiple factors, including soil and rock weathering, rainwater infiltration, disturbance from mechanical operations, and changes in ground stress. They are highly susceptible to geological disasters such as soil settlement, rock displacement, slope slippage, and even collapse. These disasters can not only damage mining equipment and interrupt mining operations but also seriously threaten the lives of on-site workers. Therefore, real-time and accurate monitoring of deformation, displacement, and settlement of mining slopes is a crucial aspect of mine safety management.

[0003] Currently, the mainstream methods for monitoring mining slope deformation in the industry mainly rely on external electronic monitoring technologies such as GNSS satellite monitoring and radar remote sensing. By deploying GNSS monitoring terminals on the slope surface, data on the overall displacement and settlement of the slope surface are collected and analyzed using satellite positioning and radar scanning. These external monitoring devices can effectively capture the macroscopic deformation characteristics of the slope surface, and have the advantages of wide monitoring range and convenient remote transmission, making them widely used in various mining slope monitoring scenarios. However, these devices also have obvious shortcomings in use, mainly in the single monitoring system and the inability to monitor both internal and external deformations: First, traditional GNSS external electronic monitoring methods can only collect macroscopic deformation and displacement data of the external surface of the slope, and cannot sense or capture the subtle settlement and displacement of the deep soil and rock mass of the slope. Early structural hazards of mine slopes are mostly due to internal soil and rock settlement and voiding. When there are no obvious deformation characteristics on the surface, external monitoring has no data feedback, resulting in serious monitoring blind spots and monitoring lag, and making it impossible to predict early collapse hazards of the slope in advance. Second, the single surface monitoring data has a single dimension and lacks quantitative data on internal slope settlement as a supplement, which cannot truly reflect the overall deformation condition of the slope. The accuracy and reliability of the monitoring data are insufficient, making it difficult to meet the high-precision safety early warning requirements of mine slopes.

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies and based on the needs of mine slope settlement monitoring, this invention provides a deformation and displacement safety monitoring device for mining. It retains the surface macroscopic monitoring advantages of traditional external GNSS electronic detection devices while adding an internal settlement monitoring system for the mine slope. Utilizing a structure combining anchor bolts, traction ropes, sensors, positioning plates, and displacement monitors, it achieves the transmission and quantitative monitoring of internal slope settlement and deformation. Through this dual internal and external monitoring system, it effectively solves the core problems of traditional single external monitoring, such as monitoring blind spots, limited data dimensions, and delayed early warnings, thereby improving the comprehensiveness and accuracy of mining slope deformation and settlement monitoring. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problems existing in the prior art and to propose a deformation displacement safety monitoring device for mining.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A deformation and displacement safety monitoring device for mining includes a support pole erected on a slope. The upper end of the support pole is equipped with a displacement data processor and a solar power generation system. The lower end of the support pole has a bracket structure for support and installation. It also includes an anchor rod embedded in the slope, with a traction rope running through it. The end of the traction rope is connected to a sensor located outside the anchor rod. The support pole has a cavity with an open lower end, and a displacement monitor is installed inside the cavity. Below the displacement monitor, a vertically movable measuring plate is located inside the cavity. An elastic element is installed between the measuring plate and the inner wall of the cavity. The lower end of the measuring plate is connected to the beginning of the traction rope. The sensor, affected by slope settlement, pulls the measuring plate through the traction rope. The displacement monitor detects the slope deformation and displacement settlement by detecting the displacement of the measuring plate.

[0007] Preferably, the support pole includes a detachably fitted lower pole and an upper pole, with an installation cylinder embedded in the upper end of the lower pole, and the installation cylinder is clamped and fixed by the upper end of the upper pole and the lower end of the lower pole; the displacement detector is installed inside the installation cylinder.

[0008] Preferably, the upper end of the elastic element is provided with a safety ring, and the inner wall of the mounting cylinder is provided with a fixing ring that cooperates with the safety ring. The inner circular surface of the fixing ring is provided with a protruding ring, and the outer edge surface of the safety ring is provided with a ring groove that is lightly limited to cooperate with the protruding ring.

[0009] Preferably, an outer eaves plate is clamped and fixedly installed at the opposite ends of the upper and lower rods. Multiple pressure rods are rotatably installed in a ring array on the lower end face of the outer eaves plate. A connecting rod is rotatably installed at the lower end of the pressure rod. A stud is embedded at the end of the connecting rod. The stud and the end of the connecting rod swing coaxially. A screw hole is provided on the lower rod at the fixed ring. A through hole corresponding to the screw hole is provided on the mounting cylinder and the fixed ring. The end of the stud passes through the screw hole and the through hole and abuts against the outer wall of the safety ring.

[0010] Preferably, the stud is located below the convex ring.

[0011] Preferably, the outer edge of the measuring plate is provided with multiple universal grooves, and universal balls are embedded in the universal grooves, with the universal balls abutting against the inner wall of the cavity.

[0012] Preferably, the measuring plate has a lubrication cavity, the upper end of the lubrication cavity is open and a cover can be detachably installed at the opening, the lubrication cavity is connected to several universal grooves, and the lubrication cavity is filled with a lubricating medium.

[0013] Preferably, a limit ring is suspended vertically at intervals below the support pole. The limit ring has a notch on the side away from the anchor rod. A truss is provided below the limit ring, and a tensioning structure is provided on the truss for tensioning the traction rope after installation. A hanging ring is provided at the upper end of the traction rope, and a hook is provided at the lower end of the measuring plate.

[0014] Preferably, the upper end of the anchor rod is provided with a Y-shaped tube, one end of which is a grouting port for grouting and the other is a threading port for the traction rope to pass through; a cap is provided at the threading port, the cap has a straight hole for the traction rope to pass through, the outer end of the cap has an open conical groove, a sealing element is embedded in the conical groove, and a sealing ring is screwed into the conical groove to abut against the sealing element.

[0015] Preferably, the support structure includes a support column, a traction rod, a base, a threaded section, a threaded sleeve, and a rotating ring. The threaded section is disposed on the outer edge surface of the lower end of the support column, the threaded sleeve is threadedly engaged with the threaded section, and the rotating ring is rotatably mounted on the threaded sleeve. Multiple traction rods are rotatably mounted on the outer edge surface of the rotating ring, the ends of the traction rods are rotatably connected to the support column near the middle part, the upper end of the support column is rotatably mounted on the outer edge surface of the base, and the base is fastened to the lower end of the support column.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a deformation displacement safety monitoring device for mining, which has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention constructs a dual-dimensional monitoring system consisting of external GNSS surface monitoring and internal anchor bolt deep settlement monitoring. This system accurately transmits hidden settlement deformation inside the slope to external detection elements, solving the problem of blind spots in internal monitoring that exists in traditional single external monitoring, and realizing comprehensive synchronous monitoring of surface and deep deformation of mining slopes.

[0017] 2. This invention features an overload relief protection structure with a safety ring and a fixing ring working together, combined with a low-position adaptive reinforcement and extrusion structure. This ensures the stability of the monitoring structure and the ability to monitor large settlement ranges under normal working conditions, while automatically releasing force under extreme over-threshold settlement conditions, protecting the main structure such as the uprights and detection elements from damage.

[0018] 3. This invention uses a pressure rod and connecting rod to drive the stud to tighten inward against the safety ring, thus reinforcing and limiting the safety ring. Furthermore, relying on the hinged adaptive structure of the pressure rod and connecting rod, the structure remains locked after the stud is installed against the outer edge of the safety ring, preventing the stud from loosening due to rotation. The long-term clamping stability is far superior to that of ordinary straight-tightening bolt structures. Moreover, the sequential hinged assembly of the pressure rod and connecting rod forms an adaptive, fine-tunable transmission structure, which can eliminate dimensional errors between the outer edge plate and the screw hole caused by equipment production dimensions and assembly dimensions, resulting in better adaptability and greater flexibility in use.

[0019] 4. This invention, through the rolling friction of the universal ball and the built-in long-lasting lubrication structure, not only provides a stable vertical movement fit structure for the measuring plate, but also the lubricating medium continuously penetrates into the fit gap between the universal ball and the universal groove through the connecting oil channel, providing lubrication for the rolling fit surface of the universal ball, avoiding dryness and jamming, dust accumulation, and ensuring the tactile accuracy of the measuring plate.

[0020] 5. This invention features a split-type mounting structure that allows for the step-by-step assembly of the anchor rod, support pole, and traction rope, adapting to actual on-site installation conditions and reducing installation difficulty. The first limiting ring restricts the lateral swaying and offset of the traction rope, ensuring the vertical transmission accuracy of the traction rope. Furthermore, the low pressure exerted on the traction rope by the movable roller can be adjusted slightly by adjusting the tightening of the self-locking nut and the connecting thread.

[0021] 6. This invention adopts a foldable storage bracket structure, which makes the equipment transport and storage volume small, convenient to transfer, and efficient on-site anchoring and assembly.

[0022] 7. In this invention, a Y-shaped pipe is installed at the end of the anchor bolt as both a grouting port and a cable threading port, ensuring that the connection of the grouting pipes and the passage of the traction rope do not interfere with each other. A sealing structure adapted to the high pressure of grouting is also provided at the cable threading port to prevent grout from seeping out from the gap between the cable threading port and the traction rope.

[0023] Other advantages, objectives and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows; and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon examination of the following description; or may be learned from practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the device of the present invention arranged on a slope.

[0025] Figure 2 These are partial cross-sectional schematic diagrams and partial enlarged views of the device of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 A plan view after removing the anchor bolt structure.

[0027] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the external monitoring device after the anchor bolts of the present invention have been removed.

[0028] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the assembly at the lower rod of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the support structure, measuring plate, and limiting structure of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the positioning plate and its limiting structure, as well as the tensioning structure of the traction rope of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 6 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the center measuring plate and the limiting structure, and a three-dimensional schematic diagram after removing the outer eaves plate and the mounting cylinder.

[0032] Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the traction rope tensioning structure of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 10 For the present invention Figure 3 A partial schematic diagram of point A in the middle.

[0034] Figure 11 For the present invention Figure 10 A partial schematic diagram of point B in the middle.

[0035] Figure 12 For the present invention Figure 3 A partial schematic diagram at point C.

[0036] Figure 13 For the present invention Figure 2 A partial schematic diagram of point D in the middle.

[0037] Figure 14 For the present invention Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the cross section at EE.

[0038] Figure 15 For the present invention Figure 5 A plan view.

[0039] Figure 16 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the solar power generation system and its installation structure.

[0040] Figure 17 For the present invention Figure 10 A partial schematic diagram at point F in the middle.

[0041] In the diagram: 1. Support pole; 2. Solar power generation system; 3. Displacement data processor; 4. Support structure; 5. Anchor bolt; 6. Traction rope; 7. Sensor; 8. Positioning plate; 9. Elastic element; 10. Mounting cylinder; 11. Safety ring; 12. Fixing ring; 13. Convex ring; 14. Mounting base; 15. Outer eaves plate; 16. Pressure rod; 17. Connecting rod; 18. Stud; 19. Rectangular shaft; 20. Hook; 21. Hanging ring; 22. Mounting ring; 23. First 24. Limiting ring; 25. Second limiting ring; 26. Truss; 27. Movable roller; 28. Connecting bolt; 29. ​​Platform; 30. End cap; 31. Seal; 32. Sealing ring; 33. Y-shaped tube; 34. Anchor head; 45. D-shaped self-locking nut; 401. Base; 402. Support column; 403. Traction rod; 404. Screw sleeve; 405. Rotating ring; 101. Upper rod; 102. Lower rod; 801. Universal ball; 802. Lubrication cavity; 803. Cover. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The following will refer to the appendices in the embodiments of the present invention. Figure 1-17 The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0043] Example 1: Traditional mining slope monitoring relies solely on external GNSS equipment to monitor surface deformation, which cannot capture internal soil and rock settlement and displacement deformation. The single monitoring data dimension is insufficient, there are monitoring blind spots, and it is impossible to achieve comprehensive settlement monitoring and predict early potential hazards of the slope.

[0044] To address the aforementioned problems, this embodiment provides a deformation and displacement safety monitoring device for mining applications. (See attached diagram.) Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, it includes a support pole 1 erected on the slope surface. A displacement data processor 3 is fixedly installed at the top of the support pole 1 by bolts. The displacement data processor 3 adopts an existing integrated high-precision GNSS positioning and monitoring module, which can realize satellite differential positioning and is used to collect real-time three-dimensional displacement, settlement and slip rate data of the slope surface. It has remote wireless data transmission, data storage and threshold early warning functions, providing accurate data support for monitoring macroscopic deformation of the surface.

[0045] The outer edge of the support pole 1 is fitted with a solar power generation system 2 via a hoop. The hoop can adjust the orientation angle of the solar power generation system 2. The solar power generation system 2 includes a monocrystalline silicon solar panel, a waterproof charging controller, an energy storage battery, a sealed junction box, waterproof connecting cables, and other electrical control components such as a solar power controller and an inverter (not shown in the attached diagram). The solar panel is fixed to the upper side wall of the pole with bracket bolts, adapting to high-intensity and low-intensity light environments for efficient photoelectric conversion. The waterproof charging controller is fixed inside a protective box on the side wall of the pole, enabling voltage stabilization charging, overcharge protection, over-discharge protection, and short-circuit protection. The battery is a high-capacity lithium-ion energy storage battery that is resistant to low and high temperatures, built into the side of the pole cavity, providing continuous power to low-voltage electrical components such as the displacement data processor 3 and displacement monitor around the clock, suitable for open-pit mine operations without external mains power.

[0046] The support pole 1 is equipped with a bracket structure 4 at its bottom end, and the overall equipment is stably erected by ground anchoring.

[0047] This device retains the existing external GNSS electronic detection device as a surface monitoring unit to collect macroscopic displacement, overall settlement and slip data of the mining slope in real time. At the same time, it adds a built-in settlement monitoring system for the mining slope to form a dual-layer monitoring system.

[0048] The built-in settlement monitoring system is the core improved structure of this invention, as shown in the appendix. Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, this includes pre-embedded anchor rods 5 (with pre-set anchor pits, grouting and fixing after insertion of anchor rods 5) embedded deep within the slope's soil and rock. These anchor rods 5, in conjunction with the anchor rods 5, serve as the internal settlement sensing substrate. The anchor rods 5 employ a hollow tubular structure, serving not only as a grouting channel but also as the substrate fixation and wiring carrier for the built-in monitoring system (described later). A traction rope 6, made of high-strength, wear-resistant steel wire rope, is installed through the central through-hole of the anchor rod 5, with its end extending beyond the bottom of the anchor rod 5. A settlement sensing element 7 is fixedly connected via a press-fit locking mechanism and bolt tightening. The sensing element 7 is a solid metal block structure, designed to mimic the block structure of the anchor rod 5. Its outer diameter is larger than the hole diameter of the anchor rod 5, allowing it to be embedded close to the deep soil and rock beneath the anchor rod 5, enabling it to synchronously track settlement, downward movement, and micro-displacement within the deep soil and rock.

[0049] See attached document Figure 3 , Figure 10As shown, the support pole 1 has a vertically open, through-cavity at the bottom. A displacement monitor (not shown in the attached diagram) is fixedly installed in the upper part of the cavity by bolts. The displacement detector uses displacement sensors and other distance-measuring electronic components, powered by a solar power system 2. The displacement monitor is vertically positioned with the detection probe facing downwards. Inside the cavity, directly below the displacement monitor, is a positioning plate 8 that can slide precisely vertically along the inner wall of the cavity. The outer edge of the positioning plate 8 is fitted with a clearance fit to the inner wall of the cavity. An elastic element 9 is vertically assembled between the outer edge of the positioning plate 8 and the top wall of the cavity. The elastic element 9 is a high-temperature resistant, fatigue-resistant tension spring. The top of the elastic element 9 is welded to the center of the top wall of the cavity, and the bottom of the elastic element 9 is bolted to the center of the upper surface of the positioning plate 8, ensuring that the elastic element 9 is always in a vertically pre-tensioned state. The pre-tensioning of the elastic element 9 eliminates structural gaps, ensuring that minor settlement deformations are transmitted to the positioning plate 8 without hysteresis. The center of the lower end face of the positioning plate 8 is fixed by welding a lifting lug structure. The lifting lug and the head of the traction rope 6 are locked together by a special lock, thus forming a closed-loop settlement transmission and detection structure of "deep soil-sensor 7-traction rope 6-positioning plate 8-displacement monitor".

[0050] According to the above technical solution, when using it: Under normal working conditions on the mine slope, the rock and soil mass does not settle or deform, the sensor 7, traction rope 6, and positioning plate 8 remain stationary, the displacement monitor does not output any displacement signal, and the GNSS external device synchronously collects surface stability data.

[0051] When the soil and rock inside the slope settles and deforms downwards, the internal soil and rock mass causes the sensing element 7 and the anchor rod 5 to shift downwards and misalign within the anchor pit. This downward shift pulls the traction rope 6, and the first end of the traction rope 6 pulls the positioning plate 8 downwards and vertically against the elastic force of the elastic element 9. The displacement monitor captures the vertical displacement and displacement rate data of the positioning plate 8 in real time and transmits the deformation signal to the upper displacement data processor 3 for data storage, analysis, and transmission. At the same time, the GNSS external electronic detection device synchronously collects the slope surface deformation data, realizing synchronous monitoring of internal and external data.

[0052] This solution constructs a dual monitoring system consisting of external GNSS surface monitoring and internal deep settlement monitoring via anchor bolts 5. Through the transmission structure of the sensor 7 and traction rope 6, settlement deformation invisible to the naked eye within the slope is transmitted to the external measuring plate 8, where it is then quantified by a displacement monitor. This effectively eliminates the blind spots in traditional single external monitoring systems. The pre-tightening of the elastic element 9 ensures that the traction rope 6 remains taut, preventing lag in deformation transmission caused by slack and improving the sensitivity and accuracy of internal settlement monitoring.

[0053] In Example 2, the internal cavity structure of the integrated support pole 1 is closed, which makes it difficult to assemble, inspect and replace internal monitoring components such as displacement monitors and positioning plates 8. The overall disassembly and assembly are difficult, which is not conducive to the maintenance of outdoor equipment.

[0054] To address the aforementioned issues, this embodiment designs the support pole 1 as a detachable, segmented structure. Specifically, it includes a lower pole 102 and an upper pole 101 that are coaxially connected. Both the lower pole 102 and the upper pole 101 are made of seamless steel pipe. The lower end of the upper pole 101 and the upper end of the lower pole 102 are machined with matching flange surfaces, and the two are locked together by pre-set bolts and double sets of self-locking nuts. A cylindrical mounting cylinder 10 is embedded inside the upper end of the lower pole 102. The mounting cylinder 10 contains a mounting seat 14, and the displacement detector is embedded in the mounting seat 14 (not shown in the attached figure). It is fixed by side wall bolts and is positioned accordingly. The independent cylindrical cavity provides isolation and protection, and also facilitates the installation design of each section.

[0055] To ensure the stability of the mounting cylinder 10 during pre-assembly (before the upper rod 101 is assembled), the inner wall of the upper end of the lower rod 102 is integrally machined with internal threads, and the outer wall of the mounting cylinder 10 is machined with external threads. The mounting cylinder 10 is pre-fixed to the inside of the upper end of the lower rod 102 by screwing together the internal and external threads, achieving radial positioning and initial locking of the mounting cylinder 10. At the same time, the upper end of the mounting cylinder 10 has an integrally formed extended flange, the outer diameter of which is the same as the outer diameter of the upright. The flange of the mounting cylinder 10 is pressed and pressed between the flange faces of the lower end of the upper rod 101 and the upper end of the lower rod 102. Then, multiple sets of circumferentially distributed high-strength bolts are vertically inserted through the flange holes to achieve clamping and fixing, so that the mounting cylinder 10 is clamped and limited by the bidirectional flange, preventing the mounting cylinder 10 from rotating, moving, or loosening, thus achieving a dual fixing structure of thread pre-tightening and flange clamping.

[0056] During overall assembly, the displacement monitor and the upper end of the elastic element 9 are first pre-fixed inside the mounting cylinder 10. After the internal components are pre-assembled, the mounting cylinder 10 is screwed into the lower rod 102 for positioning. Finally, the flanges of the upper and lower rods 102 are aligned and the flange bolts are tightened to complete the overall assembly of the pole. During disassembly and maintenance, only the flange bolts need to be removed to separate the upper and lower rods 102 and directly take out the mounting cylinder 10 and the internal detection components. There is no need to disassemble the bottom support and anchoring structure of the pole.

[0057] The modular design of the pole, combined with the threaded and flanged double fixing structure, ensures the installation stability of the mounting cylinder 10 and the internal monitoring elements, while reducing the difficulty of equipment assembly, inspection and maintenance. The independent mounting cylinder 10 cavity provides a dedicated protective space for the displacement monitor, isolating it from external pole deformation and vibration interference, further improving the stability of the monitoring work.

[0058] In this embodiment, the open-pit mining environment is characterized by strong winds and the equipment is subject to long-term vibrations from rocks and soil, as well as environmental disturbances. The ordinary round self-locking nuts connecting the upper and lower rods 102 flanges are prone to loosening, stripping, and detachment after long-term use. This can lead to an increase in the connection gap between the upper and lower rods 102, loosening of the clamping of the mounting cylinder 10, damage to the overall structural stability of the support pole 1, and consequently affect the assembly accuracy of the internal monitoring components, causing deviations in monitoring data. In severe cases, it can lead to the pole splitting and equipment failure.

[0059] Therefore, this embodiment optimizes the anti-loosening structure of the flange locking nut: refer to the attached... Figure 14 As shown, the locking bolts used for the flange connection of the upper and lower rods 102 are equipped with exclusive D-shaped self-locking nuts 34. Unlike the conventional nut structure, one side of the D-shaped self-locking nut 34 is a concave arc-shaped embedded fitting surface, and the curvature of the arc-shaped embedded surface matches the curvature of the outer cylindrical surface of the lower rod 102.

[0060] During assembly, all flange connecting bolts 27 are fitted with corresponding D-shaped self-locking nuts 34. The D-shaped self-locking nuts 34 are placed at the flange mounting holes corresponding to the lower end face of the flange of the lower rod 102, with the arc-shaped inner surface abutting against the outer edge of the lower rod 102. After the flange bolts pass through the flange mating holes of the upper rod 101 and lower rod 102 from top to bottom, they are aligned with the D-shaped self-locking nuts 34. The flange bolts are then tightened to lock the flange bolts and D-shaped self-locking nuts 34. The arc-shaped curved surface of the outer wall of the rod forms a circumferential self-locking limit, restricting the circumferential rotation of the nuts. Multiple D-shaped self-locking nuts 34 are evenly arranged in a ring, with each group of nuts independently adhering to the outer wall of the upright to form a single-point anti-loosening limit, and multiple groups of limits forming an overall circumferential anti-loosening system. During long-term outdoor operation of the equipment, when the loosening torque generated by mine wind and equipment vibration acts on the nuts, the arc-shaped inner surface tightly engages with the outer wall of the upright to limit the circumferential rotation of the nuts, preventing the nuts from loosening or stripping. Even under prolonged exposure to high-frequency vibration and external disturbances, the nut remains firmly locked, ensuring a constant clamping force on the flanges of the upper and lower rods 102 and preventing any loosening or displacement of the mounting cylinder 10. During equipment maintenance and disassembly, simply reverse the rotation of the nut to complete the process without affecting routine maintenance operations.

[0061] Furthermore, the curved inner surface is machined with fine, anti-slip serrations. These serrations engage with the metal outer wall of the upright under high pressure, increasing static friction and preventing the accumulation of micro-loosening. The flat side of the nut has no contact interference, does not occupy assembly clearance, and does not affect the flange fitting accuracy. During assembly, all flange bolts are fitted with D-shaped self-locking nuts 34, evenly arranged in a ring, with each group of nuts independently engaging and limiting their position. The D-shaped arc-shaped self-locking nut, relying on the curved surface of the pole's outer wall to form a dedicated anti-loosening limit, effectively solves the defects of traditional round self-locking nuts, such as poor resistance to vibration and wind disturbance and easy loosening and falling off. It ensures the tightness and coaxiality of the 102 flange connection between the upper and lower poles for a long time. The arc-shaped toothed fit structure avoids hard extrusion damage, achieving both anti-loosening self-locking and protection of the pole's outer wall structure. Multiple sets of ring-shaped anti-loosening nuts work together to comprehensively ensure the overall stability of the pole's segmented structure, avoiding the problems of monitoring component displacement and monitoring accuracy failure caused by flange loosening from the structural source, and further improving the reliability of the equipment for long-term outdoor operation.

[0062] In Example 3, it should be noted that as settlement occurs, the traction rope 6 is pulled down by the lateral displacement of the sensing element 7, thereby pulling the measuring plate 8 downward. The downward movement of the measuring plate 8 pulls the elastic element 9, and the elastic element 9 deforms elastically, applying force to the supporting pole 1. When the settlement of the mine slope is too large and the downward movement of the measuring plate 8 exceeds the threshold, the elastic element 9 will be overloaded by tensile deformation. Its tensile force will be directly transmitted to the supporting pole 1 and the mounting cylinder 10, which can easily cause cracking of the installation structure of the elastic element 9, or even irreversible structural damage such as pole deformation and breakage of the elastic element 9.

[0063] To solve the above technical problems, this embodiment adds an overload relief protection structure: refer to the attached diagram. Figure 10 , Figure 11 As shown, a locking ring 11 of metal, shaped like a fixing ring 12, is press-fitted to the top end of the elastic element 9. The locking ring 11 is made of high-strength alloy material, which is fatigue-resistant and tensile-resistant. The inner wall of the mounting cylinder 10, corresponding to the assembly height position of the locking ring 11, fixes the fixing ring 12 of the mounting ring 22 by full welding or integral molding. The inner wall of the fixing ring 12 fits snugly against the outer edge of the locking ring 11 without relative displacement. An integrally formed annular convex ring 13 is formed on the inner circular sidewall of the fixing ring 12, with a circular arc transition structure in its cross-section. A corresponding annular groove is formed on the outer edge sidewall of the locking ring 11. The annular groove matches the size of the convex ring 13, forming a lightly limiting clearance fit, not a rigid jamming structure. During overall assembly, the locking ring 11 is pre-assembled and aligned with the elastic element 9.

[0064] During routine small-scale settlement monitoring, the convex ring 13 engages within the ring groove, stably bearing the pre-tension force of the elastic element 9 and the conventional settlement pull load. The elastic element 9 undergoes normal tensile deformation, and the equipment monitors normally. When the slope settlement exceeds the standard or the pull force exceeds the threshold, the light-limiting fit structure between the convex ring 13 and the ring groove automatically disengages, and the safety ring 11 separates from the fixed ring 12, cutting off the transmission path of the overload force of the elastic element 9 to the upright and mounting cylinder 10, thus preventing damage to the main structure. Furthermore, the safety ring 11 is an independent detachable component; if damaged during disassembly, it can be replaced separately without replacing the main upright and mounting cylinder 10 structure. After troubleshooting, the safety ring 11 can be replaced separately or reassembled without replacing the main upright structure.

[0065] The safety ring 11 and the fixed ring 12 are lightly restrained and protected to achieve automatic overload protection, effectively avoiding stress damage to the main structure of the support pole 1 and the mounting cylinder 10 under conditions of large settlement; and the damaged parts can be replaced individually, reducing equipment maintenance costs and difficulty, and improving the safety of the equipment under extreme conditions.

[0066] In Example 4, relying solely on the light limiting fit between the convex ring 13 and the ring groove, the dimensions of the convex ring 13 and the ring groove cannot be too large; otherwise, it becomes a rigid connection, and the safety ring 11 cannot detach from the fixed ring 12, failing to achieve the expected effect. However, if the dimensions of the convex ring 13 and the ring groove are small enough to detach under a certain tensile force, the connection strength between the safety ring 11 and the fixed ring 12 is limited. The tensile force generated when the elastic element 9 has a small elastic tensile length is very likely to pull the safety ring 11 off, resulting in a limited monitoring range for the anchor bolt 5 structure.

[0067] In most cases, the equipment involves drilling screw holes in the support pole 1, creating through holes at the corresponding positions of the fixing ring 12, and then screwing bolts into the screw holes. The bolt ends press against the outer edge of the safety ring 11, strengthening the connection between the safety ring 11 and the fixing ring 12 through compression. However, it should be noted that after prolonged outdoor use, the bolts are prone to loosening (this structure is not convenient for adding self-locking nuts or other structures, and the self-locking stability of the self-locking threads alone is insufficient), resulting in insufficient limiting stability.

[0068] Therefore, in order to solve the defects of low load-bearing capacity, easy premature disassembly, and easy loosening of conventional bolt extrusion in simple light-limited fit structures, this embodiment adds an adaptive anti-loosening extrusion reinforcement structure based on embodiment 4.

[0069] See attached document Figure 8 , Figure 10 As shown, a through screw hole is radially opened on the lower rod 102 body at the vertical height position corresponding to the fixing ring 12. A coaxial through hole is opened on the wall of the mounting cylinder 10 and the ring body of the fixing ring 12. A stud 18 is screwed on the screw hole. The end of the stud 18 passes through the screw hole and the through hole in sequence and then horizontally abuts against the outer wall of the safety ring 11. The end of the stud 18 is processed into a spherical arc structure to avoid point pressure damage to the outer wall of the safety ring 11.

[0070] Between the mating flange ends of the upper rod 101 and the lower rod 102, the outer eaves plate 15 is clamped and fixed. The outer eaves plate 15 has a ring array of through flange holes corresponding to the flange bolts. The high-strength bolts of the upright flange pass through the flange holes of the outer eaves plate 15. The outer eaves plate 15 is locked and fixed between the upper and lower rods 102 without gap by the flange clamping force, so as to achieve circumferential fixation of the outer eaves plate 15 without rotation or movement.

[0071] The outer eaves plate 15 extends outward beyond the flange range of the upper rod 101 and lower rod 102. Multiple sets of hinge seats (four sets in the figure, i.e., four reinforcement points between the safety ring 11 and the fixing ring 12) are evenly arranged in a ring array on the lower end face of the outer eaves plate 15 outside the flange structure range. The hinge seats are fixed by bolts, or by welding, and are integrally formed. Each set of hinge seats has a pressure rod 16 rotatably assembled within it via pre-drilled bolt holes. The lower end of each pressure rod 16 is rotatably connected to a connecting rod 17 via a pin. A rectangular limiting hole is provided at the free end of the connecting rod 17, and a rectangular limiting shaft is integrally formed coaxially at the outer end of the stud 18.

[0072] After the mounting sleeve 10 is inserted into the port of the lower rod 102, the position is adjusted so that the threaded hole corresponds to the through hole; then the stud 18 is screwed in, and the end of the stud 18 passes through the threaded hole and the through hole in sequence and then horizontally abuts against the outer wall of the safety ring 11; then the rectangular hole on the connecting rod 17 is aligned with the rectangular shaft 19 at the end of the stud 18, the rectangular shaft 19 is inserted into the rectangular hole with a gap, and then the connecting rod 17 is hinged to the pressure rod 16, and the upper end of the pressure rod 16 is hinged to the hinge seat.

[0073] By synchronously compressing the safety ring 11 with multiple sets of studs 18 evenly distributed in a ring, the tightness of the engagement between the safety ring 11 and the convex ring 13 of the fixed ring 12 and the limiting bearing capacity are improved; only when the settlement tension exceeds the limit threshold, the safety ring 11 overcomes the compressive force of the multiple sets of studs 18 and disengages from the limit, thus achieving precise overload protection.

[0074] Compared to the direct bolt tightening method, relying on the hinged adaptive structure of the pressure rod 16 and the connecting rod 17, the upper end of the pressure rod 16 and the lower end of the connecting rod 17 are fixed, and the lengths of the pressure rod 16 and the connecting rod 17 are fixed. Therefore, the pressure rod 16 and the connecting rod 17 achieve structural locking after assembly, preventing the stud 18 from rotating and loosening. This avoids the problem of thread loosening caused by outdoor wind and vibration, and the long-term clamping stability is far superior to that of ordinary direct bolt structures.

[0075] Why choose to assemble the pressure rod 16 and the connecting rod 17 sequentially with hinges, instead of directly setting a mounting plate at the lower end of the outer eaves plate 15 with rectangular holes, and then inserting the rectangular shaft 19 into the rectangular holes to fix the mounting plate to the outer eaves plate 15? This is because the sequential hinge assembly of the pressure rod 16 and the connecting rod 17 forms an adaptive and finely adjustable transmission structure. Through the hinged cooperation between the two rods, the dimensional errors between the outer eaves plate 15 and the screw holes caused by equipment production dimensions, assembly dimensions, etc., can be eliminated, resulting in better adaptability and more flexible practicality.

[0076] In this embodiment, it should be noted that if the extrusion position of the stud 18 is too high, the upper wall thickness of the safety ring 11 groove will be too large, resulting in excessive resistance to disengagement and failure to disengage smoothly under overload conditions, thus losing its protective function. Therefore, this embodiment optimizes the precise positioning of the stud 18 extrusion position: refer to the attached... Figure 11 As shown, the end pressing points of all radially arranged studs 18 are uniformly set in the lower area of ​​the convex ring 13 of the fixing ring 12, so that the overall pressing position of the studs 18 is located on the lower outer wall of the safety ring 11, which relatively reduces the effective wall thickness of the upper side of the ring groove of the safety ring 11, and makes the joint position of the ring groove and the convex ring 13 form a thin-walled easy-to-disconnect structure, which ensures stable locking and limiting while reducing the resistance to disconnection and opening.

[0077] During assembly, the stud 18 is aligned and arranged on the lower side of the convex ring 13, and the pressure point is moved downward. The thin-walled area at the top of the ring groove serves as the main limiting and unloading area. The upper thin-walled structure can preferentially slip out when the overload tension reaches the threshold, ensuring that the safety ring 11 can quickly and smoothly detach from the convex ring 13 limit, accurately triggering the overload unloading protection, and taking into account both the structural clamping stability and the reliability of the protection trigger.

[0078] In Example 5, the measuring plate 8 directly slides against the inner wall of the cavity (e.g., a piston type). The high frictional resistance at the contact surface means that the pulling force generated by the slight settlement of the slope cannot overcome the sliding friction, leading to missed detection of minute deformation data, low detection accuracy, and large monitoring errors. Therefore, this example adds a low-friction rolling guide structure: See attached document Figure 10 , Figure 17 As shown, multiple sets of circular universal grooves are evenly arranged in a ring array on the outer sidewall of the positioning plate 8. The universal grooves adopt an embedded sinking structure, with the bottom of the groove limited and the opening narrowed to prevent the universal balls 801 from falling off. A high-precision universal ball 801 is movably embedded inside each universal groove. Part of the universal ball 801 protrudes from the outside of the groove. During assembly, all universal balls 801 are on the same horizontal circumferential surface and always roll against the inner wall of the upright cavity, forming a central support and limit for the positioning plate 8. The positioning plate 8 forms a pure rolling fit with the inner wall of the cavity through the circumferentially distributed multiple sets of universal balls 801, replacing the traditional surface contact sliding fit, reducing the vertical movement friction resistance, ensuring smoother vertical sliding of the positioning plate 8, and allowing the weak pulling force generated by the slight settlement of the rock and soil to drive the positioning plate 8 to precise displacement, which is effectively captured by the displacement monitor.

[0079] Preferably, two layers of universal balls 801 can be vertically spaced on the outer edge of the measuring plate 8, so that two-point support can be generated on a single vertical plane to ensure that it remains horizontal and without tilting during vertical movement.

[0080] In this embodiment, the omnidirectional ball 801 is prone to dryness and jamming during long-term rolling operation. Mining dust and moisture entering the mating gaps increase rolling friction, leading to a gradual decrease in monitoring accuracy and reduced equipment stability over time. Therefore, this embodiment can also incorporate a built-in long-lasting lubrication structure: see attached... Figure 17As shown, a closed lubrication cavity 802 is located at the center of the measuring plate 8. The upper opening of the lubrication cavity 802 extends to the top surface of the measuring plate 8. The opening is sealed by a removable cover 803 (the sealing surface serves as the base for the displacement detector to measure the displacement movement, and a corresponding equipment structure can also be installed on the sealing surface). The cover 803 is secured by multiple sets of countersunk bolts, making it easy to install and remove, and providing a sealed, dustproof, and waterproof seal. Multiple branch oil channels are formed on the inner wall of the lubrication cavity 802, each corresponding to the bottom gap of each set of universal joint grooves, ensuring that the lubrication cavity 802 and all the universal balls 801 have a continuous rolling fit clearance. The lubrication cavity 802 is filled with a high- and low-temperature resistant, dust-resistant, long-lasting solid grease as the lubricating medium. The medium can slowly penetrate to the contact position of the universal balls 801 through the oil channels, achieving continuous self-lubrication; alternatively, it can be filled with a sponge, which absorbs the liquid lubricating medium to construct a lubrication system.

[0081] During assembly, the cover 803 is secured to the upper port of the lubrication chamber 802 with bolts or threads. The lubricating medium continuously permeates the mating gap between the universal ball 801 and the universal groove through the connecting oil passage, providing lubrication to the rolling mating surfaces of the universal ball 801 and preventing dryness, jamming, or dust accumulation. Maintenance only requires disassembling the cover 803 to replenish the lubricating medium, making operation convenient. The cover 803 is equipped with a sealing gasket to enhance the sealing effect, preventing external contaminants from entering the lubrication chamber 802 and ensuring the rolling mating surfaces remain in a low-friction, smooth state for extended periods. This allows for long-term high-precision monitoring without frequent maintenance, reducing equipment maintenance frequency and improving outdoor adaptability.

[0082] In Example 6, if the traction rope 6 and the positioning plate 8 adopt an integrated fixed structure, they cannot be assembled in steps. After the anchor rod 5 is pre-embedded and installed, it is difficult to align and thread the rope, making the equipment installation difficult.

[0083] Therefore, in this embodiment, a metal hanging ring 21 is pressed and fixed at the upper end of the traction rope 6, and a hook 20 is fixedly welded at the center of the lower end face of the measuring plate 8. The hanging ring 21 and the hook 20 can be detachably connected to each other, so as to realize the separate assembly of the traction rope 6 and the measuring plate 8.

[0084] An installation ring 22 is installed at the lower end of the lower section of the support pole 1 (i.e., the lower end of the lower pole 102). Multiple upper ribs are welded and fixed to the lower end of the installation ring 22 in a circular array. A first limiting ring 23 is welded and fixed to the lower end of each upper rib. The first limiting ring 23 has an overall arc-shaped structure. An open notch adapted to the diameter of the traction rope 6 is opened on one side of the first limiting ring 23 away from the anchor rod 5, facilitating quick insertion and installation during on-site wiring without the need for end-threading, thus reducing assembly difficulty. The first limiting ring 23 provides an arc-shaped, non-angular guide for the extension of the traction rope 6 into the inner cavity of the support pole 1, preventing the traction rope 6 from being damaged by prolonged pressure and avoiding affecting the smoothness of traction.

[0085] It is important to note that the assembly and on-site installation of the entire equipment involves first threading the traction rope 6 through the anchor rod 5, inserting the anchor rod 5 into the anchor pit, and grouting it in place. Only after this is done will the support pole 1 be installed on the upper side. Then, the hanging ring 21 on the upper side of the traction rope 6 is connected to the hook 20 on the lower side of the measuring plate 8. This requires subsequent docking of the traction rope 6 with the measuring plate 8. Therefore, during installation, the traction rope 6 must have a length allowance for easy connection. This allowance needs to be eliminated by a tensioning structure, but an elastically self-adaptive tensioning structure cannot be used, as this would increase the difficulty of lowering the measuring plate 8.

[0086] Therefore, refer to the appendix Figure 7 As shown, the tensioning structure includes multiple central ribs welded and fixed to the side of the first limiting ring 23. The lower ends of the multiple central ribs are welded and fixed to a truss 25. The truss 25 is formed by welding two sets of parallel and symmetrical trusses and fixed rollers at both ends. A movable roller 26 is rotatably installed on the outer side of one truss through a pin shaft. The outer edge of the movable roller 26 has an elliptical concave pressure line structure, which can increase the contact and wrapping area with the traction rope 6 and enhance the anti-detachment effect of the traction rope 6 during the pulling process. A connecting bolt 27 is rotatably installed at the swing end of the movable roller 26 through a pre-drilled hole bolt. A concave buckle is fixedly welded at the corresponding position on the other truss. The buckle opening faces the swing trajectory of the movable roller 26. The connecting bolt 27 can be directly inserted into the buckle groove and locked and positioned by self-locking nuts (at least two sets), so as to realize the angle fixation of the movable roller 26 and the tensioning of the pressure line. Meanwhile, a metal closed hanging ring 21 is pressed and fixed at the top of the traction rope 6, and a vertical hook 20 is welded and fixed at the center of the lower end face of the measuring plate 8. The hook 20 and the hanging ring 21 form a detachable hanging connection structure, realizing the rear-mounted separate assembly of the measuring plate 8 and the traction rope 6, which is suitable for the on-site construction process of pre-embedding the anchor rod 5 and then threading and connecting the wires.

[0087] During equipment installation, first complete the fixed installation of anchor bolt 5, support column 1, and bracket structure 4. Then, pass the end of traction rope 6 through the notch of the limiting ring and the cavity at the lower end of the column, and attach the upper end hanging ring 21 of traction rope 6 to the hook 20 at the lower end of the measuring plate 8. Then, pull the part of traction rope 6 located below the first limiting ring 23 towards the movable roller 26. Then, swing the movable roller 26 and use the elliptical concave structure of the movable roller 26 to press against the traction rope 6, tightening and straightening the slack traction rope 6. Finally, insert the connecting bolt 27 into the buckle groove, tighten the self-locking nut to complete the locking, and cooperate with the elastic element 9 to achieve a constant tension state of traction rope 6.

[0088] The split-type mounting structure allows for the step-by-step assembly of the anchor rod 5, support pole 1, and traction rope 6, adapting to actual on-site installation conditions and reducing on-site installation difficulty. The first limiting ring 23 restricts the lateral swaying and offset of the traction rope 6, ensuring the vertical transmission accuracy of the traction rope 6. Furthermore, the low pressure exerted by the movable roller 26 on the traction rope 6 can be adjusted slightly by adjusting the tightening of the self-locking nut and the connecting thread.

[0089] To create a better connection channel between the traction rope 6 and the tensioning structure and prevent lateral displacement during subsequent use, a lower rib can be welded and fixed to the lower end of the truss 25. Then, a second limiting ring 24 is welded and fixed to the lower end of the lower rib. The second limiting ring 24 has the same structure as the first limiting ring 23. In this way, before the traction rope 6 enters the tensioning structure, it is guided and limited by the second limiting ring 24, reducing the probability of displacement of the traction rope 6 during assembly and subsequent use. The design of the second limiting ring 24 needs to be selected based on actual conditions.

[0090] In Example 7, if the grouting hole for the traction rope 6 and the anchor bolt 5 uses the same pipe opening, the presence of the traction rope 6 will interfere with the connection between the grouting hole and the external grouting pipe. To meet the separation design requirements for grouting and the traction rope 6, this example adopts a dual-channel split-type sealing and protection structure: refer to Appendix Figure 13 As shown, a Y-shaped diversion pipe is coaxially welded to the upper end of the anchor bolt 5, and the Y-shaped pipe 32 adopts an integral casting structure. The Y-shaped pipe 32 is provided with two channels. One channel extends upward to form a grouting port, which is specifically used for high-pressure grouting reinforcement of the surrounding soil and rock of the anchor bolt 5. The other inclined channel forms a guide port, which is specifically used for threading the traction rope 6, so as to achieve physical isolation and non-interference between the grouting operation and the wiring operation.

[0091] The end cap 29 is assembled at the outer port of the inlet via a threaded locking mechanism. A straight hole is machined at the center of end cap 29, its diameter matching the gap between the traction rope 6 and the end cap 29. A conical groove is formed at the outer end of end cap 29, into which an elastic rubber seal 30 is embedded. An internally threaded hole is located on the outer side of the groove, and a sealing ring 31 is screwed onto the internal thread of this hole. The sealing ring 31 presses against the seal 30. The amount of compression deformation of the seal 30 can be precisely adjusted by screwing the sealing ring 31 into place. During grouting, tightening the sealing ring 31 compresses the seal 30 to hold the traction rope 6 tightly, sealing the gap and preventing grout leakage. During monitoring, loosening the sealing ring 31 releases the pressure, reducing the sliding friction of the traction rope 6, thus balancing grout sealing performance with monitoring flexibility. Compared to simply using sealing rings or other sealing structures, this pressure-enhanced sealing structure is better suited to the high-pressure grouting process.

[0092] Preferably, in this embodiment, the plug and Y-shaped pipe 32 can be assembled by connecting them via a flange structure. In this case, an isolation pipe is welded and fixed to the anchor head 33 assembly at the lower end of the anchor rod 5. During assembly, the anchor head 33 is first fixed to the lower end of the anchor rod 5 (the assembly of other accessories of the anchor rod 5 is not described in detail). The upper end of the isolation pipe extends along the anchor rod 5, passing through the straight hole of the plug and extending to the root of the conical groove. The upper end of the isolation pipe is then welded to the plug, and the sealing element 30 is inserted. The sealing ring 31 is then tightened. This creates a hollow chamber within the anchor rod 5 through the isolation pipe. The traction rope 6 is not wrapped and fixed by grout in this chamber. Therefore, the traction rope 6 is not integrated with the anchor rod 5 as a settlement triggering structure. Instead, it is located deep within the anchor pit, where the sensor 7 more effectively senses changes in the slope's internal settlement, and then the traction rope 6 is pulled directly. This eliminates the need for integrated sensing of changes with the anchor rod 5, making the entire monitoring process more effective. At this point, the anchor bolt 5 serves not only to provide the installation foundation but also to isolate the traction rope 6 from external forces or significant changes in the slope surface. Since the traction rope 6 needs to pass through the anchor head 33, a high-pressure resistant sealing ring can be directly installed at the through hole of the anchor head 33; this is internal and does not affect the installation.

[0093] Example 8, this example designs a foldable anchorage support structure 4: refer to Appendix Figure 15 As shown, the outer edge of the lower section of the support pole 1 (i.e., the outer edge of the lower pole 102) is integrally machined into a threaded section. A screw sleeve 404 is fitted onto the outer side of the threaded section. An annular rotating groove is formed on the outer edge of the screw sleeve 404, and a rotating ring 405 is fastened into the rotating groove, allowing for 360° free rotation without axial movement. A base 401 is fastened to the lower end of the lower pole 102. The base 401 is fastened to the lower end of the pole with bolts, thus fixing the base 401 in place. Multiple sets of traction rods 403 are hinged in an annular array on the outer edge of the rotating ring 405. Multiple sets of support columns 402 are hinged in an annular array on the outer edge of the base 401. The ends of the traction rods 403 are hinged to the middle of the support columns 402 by pins. The lower end of the support column 402 is integrally formed with a widened support foot, which has a ground anchor hole and can be anchored to the foundation with ground anchor bolts.

[0094] During equipment transportation, rotating the rotating ring 405 causes the traction rod 403 to retract, folding multiple sets of support columns 402 inwards for storage, reducing the overall size of the equipment. During on-site installation, the support columns 402 are unfolded. Once the lower support feet of the column are anchored, the support structure is fixed, and the position of the threaded sleeve 404 on the threaded section is also fixed. Since the lower rod 102 is bolted to the base 401, the column is fixed, and the position of the lower rod 102 is also fixed, thus fixing the entire external equipment. Before anchoring the support feet, the installation height of the support column 1 can be adjusted within a certain range by adjusting the folded and unfolded state of the column.

[0095] In this embodiment, refer to the appendix. Figure 12As shown, the lower end of the base 401 is provided with an inner seal, and the inner seal is fitted with an installation ring 22. The installation ring 22 is pressed and limited by the lower end face of the upright and cannot move. Multiple upper ribs are welded and fixed to the lower end of the installation ring 22 to provide an installation base for the upper ribs, so that the limiting ring can be externally processed and installed independently.

[0096] It should be noted that when using the equipment, a net structure needs to be installed on the foundation around the support structure 4 to prevent falling rocks, branches, or other debris, or stray animals from accidentally touching the traction rope 6.

[0097] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0098] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0099] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A deformation displacement safety monitoring device for mining, comprising a support pole (1) erected on a slope, a displacement data processor (3) provided at the upper end of the support pole (1) and equipped with a solar power generation system (2), and a support structure (4) for supporting installation provided at the lower end of the support pole (1), characterized in that, It also includes an anchor rod (5) embedded in the slope, a traction rope (6) running through the anchor rod (5), and a sensor (7) located outside the anchor rod (5) connected to the end of the traction rope (6); the support has a cavity with an opening at the lower end, a displacement monitor is provided in the cavity, a vertically movable measuring plate (8) is provided below the displacement detector in the cavity, an elastic element (9) is provided between the measuring plate (8) and the inner wall of the cavity, the lower end face of the measuring plate (8) is connected to the first end of the traction rope (6), the sensor (7) is pulled by the traction rope (6) due to the slope settlement, and the displacement detector monitors the settlement amount of the slope deformation displacement by detecting the displacement of the measuring plate (8).

2. The deformation and displacement safety monitoring device for mining according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support pole (1) includes a detachable lower pole (102) and an upper pole (101). An installation cylinder (10) is embedded in the upper end of the lower pole (102). The installation cylinder (10) is clamped and fixed by the upper end of the upper pole (101) and the lower end of the lower pole (102). The displacement detector is installed inside the installation cylinder (10).

3. The deformation and displacement safety monitoring device for mining according to claim 2, characterized in that, The upper end of the elastic element (9) is provided with a safety ring (11), and the inner wall of the mounting cylinder (10) is provided with a fixing ring (12) that cooperates with the safety ring (11). The inner circular surface of the fixing ring (12) is provided with a protruding ring (13), and the outer edge surface of the safety ring (11) is provided with a ring groove that is lightly limited to cooperate with the protruding ring (13).

4. The deformation and displacement safety monitoring device for mining according to claim 3, characterized in that, The upper rod (101) and lower rod (102) are clamped and fixedly installed with an outer eaves plate (15). Multiple pressure rods (16) are rotatably installed in a ring array on the lower end face of the outer eaves plate (15). A connecting rod (17) is rotatably installed at the lower end of the pressure rod (16). A stud (18) is embedded at the end of the connecting rod (17). The stud (18) and the end of the connecting rod (17) swing coaxially. A screw hole is provided on the lower rod (102) at the fixed ring (12). A through hole corresponding to the screw hole is provided on the mounting cylinder (10) and the fixed ring (12). The end of the stud (18) passes through the screw hole and the through hole and abuts against the outer wall of the safety ring (11).

5. The deformation and displacement safety monitoring device for mining according to claim 4, characterized in that, The stud (18) is located below the convex ring (13).

6. The deformation and displacement safety monitoring device for mining according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The outer edge of the measuring plate (8) is provided with multiple universal grooves, and universal balls (801) are embedded in the universal grooves, with the universal balls (801) abutting against the inner wall of the cavity.

7. The deformation and displacement safety monitoring device for mining according to claim 6, characterized in that, The measuring plate (8) is provided with a lubrication cavity (802). The upper end of the lubrication cavity (802) is open and a cover (803) can be detachably installed at the opening. The lubrication cavity (802) is connected to several universal grooves and is filled with lubricating medium.

8. The deformation and displacement safety monitoring device for mining according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The support pole (1) is suspended vertically at intervals by limiting rings. The limiting rings have notches on the side away from the anchor rod (5). A truss (25) is provided below the limiting rings. A tensioning structure for tensioning the traction rope (6) after installation is provided on the truss (25). A hanging ring (21) is provided at the upper end of the traction rope (6), and a hook (20) is provided at the lower end of the measuring plate (8).

9. The deformation and displacement safety monitoring device for mining according to claim 8, characterized in that, The upper end of the anchor rod (5) is provided with a Y-shaped tube (32). One end of the Y-shaped tube (32) is a grouting port for grouting, and the other is a threading port for the traction rope (6) to pass through. A cap (29) is provided at the threading port. The cap has a straight hole for the traction rope (6) to pass through. An open conical groove is provided at the outer end of the cap (29). A sealing element (30) is embedded in the conical groove. A sealing ring (31) is screwed into the conical groove and abuts against the sealing element (30).

10. The deformation and displacement safety monitoring device for mining according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The support structure (4) includes a support column (402), a traction rod (403), a base (401), a threaded section, a threaded sleeve (404), and a rotating ring (405). The threaded section is set on the outer edge of the lower end of the support column (1). The threaded sleeve (404) is threadedly engaged with the threaded section. The rotating ring (405) is rotatably mounted on the threaded sleeve (404). Multiple traction rods (403) are rotatably mounted on the outer edge of the rotating ring (405). The ends of the traction rods (403) are rotatably connected to the support column (402) near the middle part. The upper end of the support column (402) is rotatably mounted on the outer edge of the base (401). The base (401) is fastened to the lower end of the support column (1).

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