An automatic collection and monitoring system for acid rain based on flow path timing cooperation

Abstract

The application provides an acid rain automatic collection and monitoring system based on flow path timing cooperation, and relates to the technical field of environmental monitoring instruments. The system comprises the following modules: environmental perception, rainwater collection and acceptance, main control, fluid scheduling, biochemical analysis and gas-liquid cooperative maintenance. The main control module enriches samples based on a precipitation trigger signal linkage mechanical part, and schedules the fluid to the biochemical analysis module for in-situ electrochemical sensing. The core is that the maintenance module controls the gas-liquid alternate injection to perform flow path shear displacement cleaning, and controls the airflow to drive and discharge the solid-liquid boundary on the surface of the detection probe to construct and maintain the water film support interface. The application completely eliminates the cross contamination between samples, effectively maintains the electrode sensitive membrane activity, and significantly improves the biochemical monitoring accuracy of the long-term unattended system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of environmental monitoring instrument technology, and in particular to an automatic acid rain collection and monitoring system based on flow path time sequence coordination. Background Technology

[0002] Online acid rain monitoring equipment has been widely deployed at various meteorological and environmental protection stations. Conventional monitoring equipment receives natural precipitation samples and uses electrochemical sensors within a flow cell to measure the sample's pH and conductivity. Operational specifications require that field station equipment possess automated maintenance capabilities. The system controls an internal array of pumps and clamp valves to sequentially complete wastewater discharge, pipeline flushing, and standard solution calibration. This multi-stage, alternating automated fluid control technology directly determines the instrument's long-term operational stability and the accuracy of the monitoring data.

[0003] Existing automatic monitoring systems mostly employ fixed-duration pump valve control for pipeline cleaning. The drainage and cleaning actions heavily rely on gravity evacuation or unidirectional airflow purging. Chinese patent document CN112461937A discloses a fully automatic acid rain sampling and analysis instrument. This technical solution lacks time-series coordinated control of the gas-liquid two-phase fluid dynamics during the rinsing phase. Researchers discovered during long-term network operation testing that this coarse-grained flow path control logic caused irreconcilable measurement contradictions. On one hand, high-concentration calibration solutions or strongly acidic precipitation easily form trace amounts of stubborn residues in pipeline dead zones and on the inner wall of the flow tank. When subsequent trace amounts of new water samples enter the detection channel, they dissolve these attached droplets, causing serious deviations in the biochemical detection results of that water sample. On the other hand, some existing equipment introduces high-pressure, long-duration airflow for thorough purging to address residual contamination. Forceful evacuation operations cause severe dehydration of the glass sensitive membrane at the front end of the pH detection electrode. Once the sensing membrane is removed from the wetted environment, it immediately loses its ion response activity, causing baseline drift. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide an automatic acid rain collection and monitoring system based on flow path timing coordination. This invention solves the problems in the prior art where the flow path cleaning process is prone to causing cross-contamination of samples, and excessive airflow evacuation causes the core sensing electrode to lose its measurement activity.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: An automatic acid rain acquisition and monitoring system based on flow path time-series coordination includes: The environmental state perception module is used to control the peripheral precipitation detection hardware to detect precipitation status and obtain environmental perception trigger signals when precipitation occurs. The data integration main control module is used to receive the environmental perception trigger signal and generate rain protection control instructions; receive feedback acquisition ready data and generate fluid scheduling instructions; receive biochemical measurement datasets for local storage, and generate maintenance control instructions based on the completion status of the biochemical measurement datasets. The rainwater collection module is used to control the external rainwater collection mechanism to perform an opening action to physically enrich natural precipitation samples when receiving the rain cover control command, and output the collection ready data to the data integration main control module. The fluid multi-channel scheduling module is used to control the valves and power pumps in the multi-channel pipeline when receiving the fluid scheduling command, and to directionally schedule the alternating flow of the natural precipitation sample, cleaning fluid or calibration fluid between the pipelines; The in-situ biochemical analysis module is connected to the fluid multi-channel scheduling module through a pipeline. It is used to receive the introduced fluid, control the detection probe to perform in-situ electrochemical characteristic sensing, obtain the biochemical measurement dataset, and upload it to the data integration main control module. The gas-liquid collaborative maintenance module is connected to the data integration main control module and the fluid multi-path scheduling module, respectively. When receiving the maintenance control command, it controls the cleaning component to alternately inject gas-phase and liquid-phase cleaning fluids with a set dynamic pressure to perform flow path shearing and displacement cleaning. At the same time, it controls the airflow drive operation to construct and maintain a water film support interface at the solid-liquid boundary on the surface of the detection probe to eliminate cross-contamination between the natural precipitation sample and the flow path residual liquid.

[0006] The present invention discloses the following technical effects: This invention provides an automatic acid rain collection and monitoring system based on flow path timing coordination. By controlling the precise timing linkage of various hardware components, this invention achieves a data and control closed loop for the collection, scheduling, analysis, and maintenance of natural precipitation samples. Its core mechanism constructs and maintains a water film support interface at the solid-liquid boundary on the surface of the detection probe through controlled airflow. While maintaining this interface, the cleaning component alternately injects gaseous and high-pressure liquid cleaning fluids to perform flow path shearing and displacement cleaning. This coordinated mechanism not only utilizes the physical shear force of the fluid to strip and isochorically replace molecular residues in the pipeline and detection channel in one go, completely eliminating cross-contamination between natural precipitation samples and residual waste liquid, but also effectively maintains the active and moist microenvironment of the core detection probe through the water film support interface. This fundamentally overcomes the technical bias of existing technologies where excessive airflow purging leads to dehydration and aging of the electrode sensitive membrane and baseline drift, significantly improving the accuracy of biochemical monitoring data and the stability of the system operation in long-term unattended field environments. Attached Figure Description

[0007] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0008] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an automatic acid rain acquisition and monitoring system based on flow path timing coordination is provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 An appearance diagram of an automatic acid rain acquisition and monitoring system based on flow path timing coordination provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the first component of an acid rain automatic acquisition and monitoring system based on flow path timing coordination provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the second component of an automatic acid rain acquisition and monitoring system based on flow path timing coordination, provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0009] Figure label: 1-Environmental status perception module, 2-Data integration and control module, 3-Rainwater collection module, 4-Fluid multi-path scheduling module, 5-In-situ biochemical analysis module, 6-Gas-liquid collaborative maintenance module. Detailed Implementation

[0010] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0011] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0012] like Figure 1 As shown, this invention provides an automatic acid rain acquisition and monitoring system based on flow path timing coordination, comprising: The environmental state perception module 1 is used to control the peripheral precipitation detection hardware to detect precipitation status and obtain the environmental perception trigger signal when precipitation occurs. The data integration main control module 2 is used to receive the environmental perception trigger signal and generate rain protection control instructions; receive feedback acquisition ready data and generate fluid scheduling instructions; receive biochemical measurement datasets for local storage, and generate maintenance control instructions based on the completion status of receiving the biochemical measurement datasets. The rain collection module 3 is used to control the external rain collection mechanical parts to perform the opening action to physically enrich the natural precipitation sample when receiving the rain cover control command, and output the collection ready data to the data integration main control module 2. The fluid multi-channel scheduling module 4 is used to control the valves and power pumps in the multi-channel pipeline when receiving the fluid scheduling command, and to directionally schedule the alternating flow of the natural precipitation sample, cleaning fluid or calibration fluid between the pipelines; The in-situ biochemical analysis module 5 is connected to the fluid multi-path scheduling module 4 through a pipeline. It is used to receive the introduced fluid, control the detection probe to perform in-situ electrochemical characteristic sensing, obtain the biochemical measurement dataset, and upload it to the data integration main control module 2. The gas-liquid collaborative maintenance module 6 is connected to the data integration main control module 2 and the fluid multi-path scheduling module 4 respectively. When receiving the maintenance control command, it controls the cleaning component to alternately inject gas-phase and liquid-phase cleaning fluids with a set dynamic pressure to perform flow path shearing and displacement cleaning. At the same time, it controls the airflow drive operation to construct and maintain a water film support interface at the solid-liquid boundary on the surface of the detection probe to eliminate cross-contamination between the natural precipitation sample and the flow path residual liquid.

[0013] Specifically, in the system's operation and workflow, the first stage is automatic precipitation collection and in-situ measurement. When precipitation occurs in the external environment, the environmental state perception module 1 controls the peripheral precipitation detection hardware to perform real-time detection and receives an environmental perception trigger signal upon confirmation of precipitation, transmitting it to the data integration main control module 2. Upon receiving the trigger signal, the data integration main control module 2 immediately generates and issues a rain-shielding control command. Upon receiving the rain-shielding control command, the rain collection receiving module 3 controls the external rain collection machinery to perform an opening action, thereby opening the receiving surface in space to physically enrich natural precipitation samples, and feeding back collection readiness data to the data integration main control module 2 after the action is completed. Immediately afterwards, the data integration main control module 2 generates a fluid scheduling command based on this feedback. After receiving the command, the fluid multi-channel scheduling module 4 controls the valves and power pumps in the multi-channel pipeline to work together in a set sequence to directionally extract and schedule the enriched natural precipitation samples into the detection channel. Subsequently, the in-situ biochemical analysis module 5 receives the introduced fluid, controls the detection probe to perform in-situ electrochemical characteristic sensing, obtains accurate biochemical measurement datasets, and uploads them to the data integration main control module 2 for local storage.

[0014] After the measurement process is completed, the system seamlessly transitions to the sequential collaborative maintenance phase to prevent cross-contamination. The data integration main control module 2, based on the received status of the biochemical measurement dataset, generates and sends maintenance control commands to the gas-liquid collaborative maintenance module 6. Upon receiving the commands, the gas-liquid collaborative maintenance module 6, in conjunction with the fluid multi-path scheduling module 4, controls the cleaning components to alternately inject gaseous and liquid cleaning fluids at a set dynamic pressure. This utilizes fluid kinetic energy to perform flow path shearing and displacement cleaning, effectively removing residual ions from the inner wall of the pipeline in one go. During this purging and cleaning process, the gas-liquid collaborative maintenance module 6 precisely controls the airflow purging operation, constructing and maintaining a continuous water film support interface at the solid-liquid boundary on the surface of the detection probe. Through this water film support interface, the system not only achieves physical isolation between the gas and liquid phases during purging, completely eliminating cross-contamination between the current natural precipitation sample and the residual liquid in the flow path, but also provides a crucial active humid microenvironment for the detection probe, preventing measurement baseline drift caused by water loss from the sensor's sensitive membrane due to excessive airflow purging.

[0015] The construction process of the water film-supported interface satisfies the critical gas-liquid equilibrium relationship, and its critical displacement pressure is mathematically expressed as follows: ; in, To maintain the critical exhaust pressure (Pa) of the water film support interface; The surface tension coefficient (N / m) of the precipitation sample fluid. The contact angle (°) between the fluid and the surface of the detection probe. To detect the characteristic hydraulic radius (m) of the flow path in the flow channel; Fluid density of precipitation sample (kg / m³) 3 ); The gravitational acceleration constant (m / s²) 2 ); To detect the instantaneous height (m) of the residual liquid column in the flow channel.

[0016] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the environmental state perception module 1 controls the peripheral precipitation detection hardware to perform external environmental detection actions, thereby achieving accurate capture of precipitation events. Specifically, the environmental parameter physical sensing unit drives the external precipitation sensing panel to acquire, in real time, an analog-state level signal reflecting the current moisture content, i.e., raw precipitation characteristic data. Subsequently, the signal analog-to-digital conversion unit receives this analog-state raw precipitation characteristic data, performs analog-to-digital discretization at a fixed sampling rate of 100 Hz, and outputs a digital environmental characteristic sequence. To eliminate false triggers caused by morning condensation, the precipitation state judgment unit performs a core data logic comparison process: during periods of no precipitation, the system collects the no-load impedance every 24 hours as an environmental dryness benchmark value; the judgment unit extracts the digital level value from the current environmental characteristic sequence, calculates its absolute difference from the environmental dryness benchmark value, and compares this absolute difference with a preset precipitation occurrence threshold. The precipitation occurrence threshold is the minimum impedance change limit parameter for determining the physical intensity of actual rainfall, and in this embodiment, it is limited to 500 ohms. When the calculated absolute difference exceeds the precipitation occurrence threshold three times consecutively, the precipitation status judgment unit determines that the current state is a true precipitation occurrence state. At this time, the trigger signal generation unit generates an environmental perception trigger signal based on the affirmative judgment result and outputs it to the data integration main control module 2 via the communication bus.

[0017] Furthermore, after detecting a precipitation event, this embodiment executes an opening and enrichment action via the rainwater collection module 3. The instruction parsing and distribution unit receives the rain-shielding control instruction from the data integration main control module 2, performs a data decoding process, decomposes the timing high-frequency code contained in the instruction, and converts it into a low-level motor drive level signal. This low-level motor drive level signal consists of duty cycle and polarity reversal logic, directly mapping to the rotation steps and direction parameters of the external hardware. After receiving the aforementioned low-level motor drive level signal, the mechanical transmission control unit controls the stepper transmission component of the external rainwater collection mechanism to execute a smooth opening action. During the mechanical transmission process, the control pulse transmission period is strictly set to 5 milliseconds to drive the rain cover to rotate to the 120-degree opening limit position, completely detached from the water-collecting area. After the opening action reaches the limit position, the physical enrichment collection unit, i.e., the stainless steel rainwater collection funnel, is entirely exposed to the external environment, spatially enriching natural precipitation samples. During this period, the status feedback monitoring unit monitors the opening action in real time through the limit closing circuit. When the physical limit switch is detected to be mechanically touched by the rain cover to generate a closing interruption level, it is determined that the action is fully opened. Then, it generates acquisition ready data indicating the ready status of the mechanism and outputs it to the data integration main control module 2.

[0018] Furthermore, regarding the control of liquid flow, this embodiment uses a fluid multi-path scheduling module 4 to directionally schedule the alternating flow of natural precipitation samples among complex pipelines. The scheduling timing decoding unit receives the fluid scheduling command, performs memory addressing based on a pre-stored matrix mapping table, and decodes and extracts the target pipeline topology address corresponding to the natural precipitation sample. This target pipeline topology address is essentially a string of low-level register control words, with each data bit strictly corresponding to the state of different peripheral pipeline branch nodes. The valve group coordination on / off unit receives this target pipeline topology address and uses a field-programmable gate array to parse the data string bit-by-bit into independent relay drive signals. These signals control the clamp valves in the multi-channel pipeline to perform mechanical on / off actions, opening the sample inlet flow path and closing the remaining waste discharge bypass, establishing a unique fluid connection link. After the link is established and a 2-second buffer delay occurs, the pump drive control unit controls the sample inlet peristaltic pump, which acts as the power pump, to generate a directional delivery negative pressure, with its drive speed constantly controlled at 45 revolutions per minute. The system accurately measures and pumps a 15 ml sample of natural precipitation to the downstream node by multiplying the fixed displacement per cycle by the total number of drive pulses. The scheduling status confirmation unit monitors the fluid arrival status through a photoelectric level gauge at the end of the pipeline and performs a circuit reset and locking action when confirming the completion of a single directional scheduling operation.

[0019] Furthermore, after the fluid is properly positioned, this embodiment performs electrochemical detection through the in-situ biochemical analysis module 5. The fluid receiving and distribution unit is connected to the fluid multi-channel scheduling module 4 via a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) pipeline, smoothly receiving the introduced natural precipitation sample fluid. To eliminate tiny physical bubbles generated during the pumping process, the fluid receiving and distribution unit forces a 10-second settling and debubbling process, then distributes the bubble-free fluid in equal amounts to two isolated detection flow cells within the internal space. After the fluid temperature reaches thermal equilibrium through the metal heat-conducting base, the pH characteristic sensing unit controls the pH electrode element in the detection probe to perform in-situ contact sensing of the fluid. During the sensing process, the glass sensitive membrane on the electrode surface undergoes a hydration reaction with hydrogen ions in the solution, generating a weak physical potential difference. The pH characteristic sensing unit extracts this potential difference and performs impedance matching and high-pass filtering amplification at the hardware level, outputting the first-dimensional pH level signal, which serves as the basic data source for quantifying the acidity or alkalinity of the sample.

[0020] Furthermore, while acquiring pH data, this embodiment simultaneously advances conductivity measurement and multimodal data fusion and packaging. The conductivity characteristic sensing unit controls the conductivity electrode element in the detection probe to perform AC impedance sensing on the homogeneous fluid in the independent flow cell; the unit applies an alternating excitation electric field with a constant frequency of 1000 Hz to the fluid, collects the impedance feedback characteristics generated by the migration and movement of ions in the fluid, and converts them into the second-dimensional conductivity characteristic level. Finally, the multimodal data fusion unit performs the convergence function, extracting the system absolute time of the current sampling round as the alignment reference within a limited 50-millisecond data packaging period. The data fusion unit, through clock beat comparison, forces the first-dimensional pH level signal and the second-dimensional conductivity characteristic level under the same timestamp to be arrayed and combined; then, it performs head and tail frame encapsulation and cyclic redundancy check data processing steps, packaging and generating a complete biochemical measurement dataset with tamper-proof check codes, and uploading it losslessly to the data integration main control module 2, completely completing the closed-loop control flow from physical capture of natural precipitation to digitization of biochemical parameters.

[0021] Furthermore, this embodiment integrates the front-end communication and control logic of the main control module 2 to generate rainfall response and pipeline scheduling instructions. The sensing signal acquisition unit is communicatively connected to the environmental state sensing module 1, receiving environmental sensing trigger signals without blocking and performing hardware de-jittering and edge trigger validity verification. In the specific data processing implementation, the sensing signal acquisition unit extracts the level transition edge of the trigger signal. When the detected level exceeds the set high-level trigger threshold and remains there for more than 20 milliseconds, it is determined that the edge trigger is valid, thereby filtering out short-term noise caused by environmental electromagnetic pulses. After the validity is verified, the execution instruction deduction unit generates rain shelter control instructions based on the built-in state machine. The built-in state machine is a timing logic mapping table solidified in the non-volatile memory of the main control chip. Its input is the valid high level of the trigger signal, and its output is directly mapped to the hexadecimal drive control word required to control the stepper motor. The execution instruction deduction unit issues the drive control word at a fixed bus operation cycle of 50 milliseconds to complete the generation of the rain cover control instruction; after receiving the acquisition ready data indicating that the physical cover has been fully opened, the execution instruction deduction unit triggers the address jump of the built-in state machine again to generate fluid scheduling instructions downstream for accurately coordinating the opening and closing of the clamp valves of each branch pipeline.

[0022] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the backend logic of the data integration main control module 2 completes the cleaning and storage of the test data and the seamless triggering of subsequent maintenance procedures. The test data quality control storage unit and the execution instruction deduction unit operate in parallel, receiving a biochemical measurement dataset containing two underlying data points: pH and conductivity. During the data processing, the test data quality control storage unit first performs numerical boundary checks on each original digital matrix in the dataset, extracts the values ​​representing pH and determines whether they fall within the physical instrument's measurement range of 2 to 10; simultaneously, it performs outlier removal, i.e., calculates the absolute difference between the current sampled value and the local mean of the previous 10 samples. If the absolute difference exceeds the preset step size mutation threshold of 0.5, the data point is determined to be an abnormal mutation value caused by bubble interference, and a second-order polynomial fitting value is forcibly used to smoothly overwrite the abnormal mutation value. Subsequently, the dataset that has completed quality control is stored locally. The maintenance closed-loop trigger unit is internally connected to the test data quality control storage unit, and monitors the storage status indicator of the biochemical measurement dataset in real time. The storage status indicator refers to the hardware interrupt level pulled high by the storage controller after completing the writing of a sector frame. When the maintenance closed-loop trigger unit captures this interrupt high level continuously for 3 system clock cycles, that is, after determining that the reception is complete, it actively generates and sends a maintenance control command downstream to start the equipment evacuation and cleaning logic.

[0023] Furthermore, regarding the cleaning and cross-contamination prevention stages, this embodiment implements precise hydrodynamic gas phase control through the gas-liquid collaborative maintenance module 6. The maintenance timing decoding unit receives maintenance control commands and strictly performs binary shift decoding on the command data packets in sequence, decomposing them into gas phase injection command intervals and liquid phase cleaning command intervals along the time axis. Based on the gas phase injection command intervals, the gas phase critical drive unit controls the cleaning components to inject air at a set dynamic pressure into the flow path. To prevent the flow path from being completely dried out and causing electrode aging, the gas phase critical drive unit collects the real-time feedback resistance value of the gas pressure sensor connected in the pipeline, and controls the opening of the front-end pneumatic pressure regulating valve through a proportional-integral-derivative closed-loop control algorithm to precisely maintain the set dynamic pressure of the airflow at 150 kPa to perform the airflow drive operation. The constant airflow pressure can overcome the fluid resistance of the main water column in the pipeline and completely drain it. At the same time, its airflow energy is just lower than the surface tension of the fluid on the glass electrode surface, thereby constructing and maintaining a water film support interface with a thickness in the range of 10 to 20 micrometers at the solid-liquid boundary on the surface of the detection probe, perfectly blocking the microscopic accumulation of free waste liquid.

[0024] Furthermore, after establishing the water film isolation layer, this embodiment utilizes the time-sequential linkage of the high-pressure liquid phase shearing unit and the waste liquid directional drainage unit to thoroughly remove pipeline residues. Based on the disassembled liquid phase cleaning command interval, the high-pressure liquid phase shearing unit controls the cleaning components to alternately inject high-pressure pure water flow while maintaining the physical premise of the water film support interface. At the execution level, the high-pressure liquid phase shearing unit outputs a high-frequency drive square wave signal with a duty cycle of 80% to the high-pressure pump motor, instantly establishing a cleaning hydraulic pressure of up to 300 kPa in the pipeline, and using the high-speed physical kinetic energy of the fluid to perform a flow path shearing and replacement cleaning for up to 15 seconds; the flow path shearing and replacement cleaning refers to the physical friction shearing force generated by a large flow of pure water to peel off the contaminant ions attached to the pipe wall and the outside of the water film in one go, and to make the total volume of injected pure water completely equal to the dead volume inside the flow path to achieve isochoric replacement. During the entire high-pressure shearing process, the waste liquid directional discharge unit receives the timing linkage level and continuously outputs a 12-volt conduction voltage to the waste liquid solenoid valve at the bottom, controlling the physical valve of the waste liquid outlet to fully open and guide the replacement waste liquid containing cross-contamination residues to be directionally discharged to the outside of the system.

[0025] The expression for the above shear-displacement cleaning efficiency is: ; in, The efficiency of residual ions removal by flow path shear displacement cleaning is dimensionless. The shear stress on the inner wall of the pipe caused by the pure water flow is measured in Pascals (Pa). ; The continuous rinsing time of the high-pressure pure water stream, in seconds. ; The dynamic viscosity of the cleaning fluid is expressed in Pa·s. ; To detect the equivalent length of the flow channel feature, the unit is meters. .

[0026] Furthermore, to ensure the detection accuracy of the equipment during long-term field operation, this embodiment implements closed-loop hardware parameter compensation through nested sub-units within the test data quality control storage unit. The standard solution retrieval trigger sub-unit integrates a counter. When the system is in a non-rainfall standby period and the cumulative inactivity time reaches a preset maintenance cycle threshold of 168 hours, it sends an internal scheduling request to the execution instruction deduction unit, triggering the introduction of a calibration solution of known concentration. After the calibration solution circulation is complete, the reference data extraction sub-unit extracts the current measured electrochemical calibration value from the current cycle. The model deviation comparison sub-unit performs an arithmetic comparison between the measured electrochemical calibration value and the pre-stored theoretical true value. In the specific data processing: the system first calculates the difference at a single point. For example, when injecting a standard acid-base buffer solution with a theoretical true value of 4.00, if the extracted measured electrochemical calibration value is 4.05, the model deviation comparison subunit determines the difference between the two by subtraction, and the difference of 0.05 is the current zero-point drift parameter of the probe. Subsequently, the system extracts the difference between the measured values ​​of two standard solutions with different concentrations, divides it by the difference of the theoretical true values, and analyzes the transconductance slope parameter. Finally, the dynamic accuracy compensation subunit, based on the analyzed zero-point drift parameter and transconductance slope parameter, uses reverse superposition mathematical logic to dynamically update the system's measurement calibration coefficient matrix, thereby achieving adaptive compensation of hardware performance after anti-cross-contamination cleaning.

[0027] Furthermore, the functional modules in this embodiment are implemented through... Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 The hardware carrier shown provides support for the physical architecture. The rainwater collection module is based on the rain cover, dust cover bracket, rainwater collection bucket, and precipitation sensor on the top of the machine. The transmission unit drives the rain cover to perform the opening action, so that the rainwater collection bucket physically collects natural precipitation samples. The precipitation sensor and rain gauge synchronously detect the precipitation status in real time, ensuring the physical representativeness of the collection process.

[0028] The core execution components of the fluid multi-path scheduling module 4 and the in-situ biochemical analysis module 5 are highly integrated inside the cabinet, including a valve group piping unit, a peristaltic pump power piping unit, a pH flow cell, an EC flow cell, a pH electrode, an EC electrode, and the corresponding EC host computer and audible and visual alarm unit. Through multiple peristaltic pumps and clamp valves arranged in an array in the peristaltic pump power piping unit, natural precipitation samples, pH protection solution, pH standard solutions (4.00, 6.86, 9.18), EC standard solutions, and sample retention bottles are directed to the pH flow cell and the EC flow cell. The pH electrode and the EC electrode perform in-situ electrochemical sensing and upload the acquired biochemical data to the data integration main control module 2.

[0029] The gas-liquid collaborative maintenance module 6 relies on the circuit control unit to perform timing logic mapping and connect with... Figure 3The maintenance unit, consisting of a central air pump, a high-pressure pump, a cleaning pump, and a pure water tank, works in tandem to achieve critical two-phase purging and shear displacement cleaning of the flow path. The circuit control unit precisely controls the opening and closing of each pump valve, constructing and maintaining a water film support interface at the solid-liquid boundary on the surface of the detection probe, eliminating cross-contamination. Simultaneously... Figure 3 The temperature control unit and liquid storage disinfection unit arranged in the middle work together with the above modules to maintain the moist and active microenvironment of the detection probe, ensuring the stability of system operation and the accuracy of data monitoring in the open field environment.

[0030] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0031] This document uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automatic acid rain acquisition and monitoring system based on flow path time-series coordination, characterized in that, include: The environmental state perception module is used to control the peripheral precipitation detection hardware to detect precipitation status and obtain environmental perception trigger signals when precipitation occurs. The data integration main control module is used to receive the environmental perception trigger signal and generate rain protection control commands; Receive feedback on acquisition-ready data and generate fluid scheduling instructions; Receive biochemical measurement datasets for local storage, and generate maintenance control instructions based on the completion status of receiving the biochemical measurement datasets; The rainwater collection module is used to control the external rainwater collection mechanism to perform an opening action to physically enrich natural precipitation samples when receiving the rain cover control command, and output the collection ready data to the data integration main control module. The fluid multi-channel scheduling module is used to control the valves and power pumps in the multi-channel pipeline when receiving the fluid scheduling command, and to directionally schedule the alternating flow of the natural precipitation sample, cleaning fluid or calibration fluid between the pipelines; The in-situ biochemical analysis module is connected to the fluid multi-channel scheduling module through a pipeline. It is used to receive the introduced fluid, control the detection probe to perform in-situ electrochemical characteristic sensing, obtain the biochemical measurement dataset, and upload it to the data integration main control module. The gas-liquid collaborative maintenance module is connected to the data integration main control module and the fluid multi-path scheduling module, respectively. When receiving the maintenance control command, it controls the cleaning component to alternately inject gas-phase and liquid-phase cleaning fluids with a set dynamic pressure to perform flow path shearing and displacement cleaning. At the same time, it controls the airflow drive operation to construct and maintain a water film support interface at the solid-liquid boundary on the surface of the detection probe to eliminate cross-contamination between the natural precipitation sample and the flow path residual liquid.

2. The acid rain automatic acquisition and monitoring system based on flow path time sequence coordination according to claim 1, characterized in that, The environmental state perception module includes: The environmental parameter physical sensing unit is used to control the peripheral precipitation detection hardware to perform external environment detection actions and collect and output simulated raw precipitation characteristic data; The signal analog-to-digital conversion unit is communicatively connected to the environmental parameter physical sensing unit, and is used to receive the raw precipitation characteristic data of the analog state and perform analog-to-digital conversion to output the environmental characteristic sequence of the digital state; The precipitation status analysis unit is communicatively connected to the signal analog-to-digital conversion unit and is used to perform logical comparison of the environmental feature sequence of the digital state based on a preset precipitation occurrence threshold to determine whether the current state is a real precipitation occurrence state. The trigger signal generation unit is communicatively connected to the precipitation state analysis unit and the data integration main control module, respectively, and is used to generate and output the environmental perception trigger signal to the data integration main control module when the precipitation state analysis unit determines that precipitation has occurred.

3. The acid rain automatic acquisition and monitoring system based on flow path time sequence coordination according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rainwater collection module includes: The instruction parsing and allocation unit is communicatively connected to the data integration main control module and is used to receive the rain protection control instruction and parse it down into the underlying motor drive level signal; The mechanical transmission control unit, connected to the instruction parsing and allocation unit, is used to control the transmission components of the external rain collection mechanical parts to perform the opening action based on the underlying motor drive level signal; The physical enrichment and collection unit, after the opening action is completed, exposes its receiving surface to the external environment, and is used to physically enrich and temporarily store the natural precipitation sample in space. The status feedback monitoring unit is connected to the external rain collection mechanism and the data integration main control module respectively. It is used to monitor the mechanical displacement status of the opening action in real time, and generate and output the collection ready data to the data integration main control module when it is determined that the cover is fully opened.

4. The acid rain automatic acquisition and monitoring system based on flow path time sequence coordination according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fluid multiplexing module includes: The scheduling timing decoding unit is communicatively connected to the data integration main control module and is used to receive the fluid scheduling command and decode and extract the target pipeline topology address corresponding to the natural precipitation sample, cleaning fluid or calibration fluid. The valve group coordinated on / off unit is connected to the scheduling timing decoding unit and is used to control each valve in the multi-channel pipeline to perform opening or closing actions according to the target pipeline topology address, so as to establish a fluid communication link. The pump drive control unit, in time coordination with the scheduling timing decoding unit and the valve group on / off unit, is used to control the power pumping component to generate a directional conveying vacuum negative pressure or a thrusting positive pressure after the fluid connection link is established. The scheduling status confirmation unit, connected to the pump drive control unit, is used to monitor the alternating flow status of fluid in the pipeline and to perform circuit reset locking when a single directional scheduling action is completed.

5. The acid rain automatic acquisition and monitoring system based on flow path time sequence coordination according to claim 1, characterized in that, The in-situ biochemical analysis module includes: The fluid receiving and distribution unit is connected to the fluid multi-path scheduling module through pipelines. It is used to smoothly receive the introduced fluid and distribute it to independent spaces after eliminating air bubbles. A pH characteristic sensing unit, connected to the fluid receiving and distributing unit, is used to control the pH electrode element in the detection probe to perform in-situ contact sensing of the fluid and extract the pH level signal of the first dimension. The conductivity characteristic sensing unit is connected to the fluid receiving and distributing unit and is used to control the EC electrode element in the detection probe to perform AC impedance sensing on the fluid and extract the conductivity characteristic level of the second dimension. The multimodal data fusion unit is communicatively connected to the pH characteristic sensing unit, the conductivity characteristic sensing unit, and the data integration main control module, respectively, and is used to synchronously aggregate the pH level signal and the conductivity characteristic level, package them to obtain the biochemical measurement dataset, and upload it.

6. The acid rain automatic acquisition and monitoring system based on flow path time sequence coordination according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gas-liquid collaborative maintenance module includes: The maintenance timing decoding unit is connected to the data integration main control module and is used to receive the maintenance control commands and strictly decompose the gas phase injection command interval and the liquid phase cleaning command interval in sequence. A gas phase critical drive unit, connected to the maintenance timing decoding unit, is used to control the cleaning component to inject air at a set dynamic pressure based on the gas phase injection command interval, perform the airflow drive operation, and construct and maintain the water film support interface at the solid-liquid boundary on the surface of the detection probe. A high-pressure liquid phase shearing unit, connected to the maintenance timing decoding unit, is used to control the cleaning components to alternately inject high-pressure pure water flow based on the liquid phase cleaning command interval, while maintaining the water film support interface, and to perform the flow path shearing and replacement cleaning using physical kinetic energy. The waste liquid directional discharge unit is sequentially linked with the gas phase critical drive unit and the high-pressure liquid phase shear unit to control the opening and closing of the physical valve at the waste liquid outlet, so as to guide the displacement waste liquid containing cross-contamination residues to be directionally discharged to the outside of the system.

7. The acid rain automatic acquisition and monitoring system based on flow path time sequence coordination according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data integration master control module includes: The sensing signal acquisition unit is communicatively connected to the environmental state sensing module and is used to receive the environmental sensing trigger signal without blocking, and to perform hardware de-jittering and edge trigger validity verification. The execution instruction deduction unit is connected to the sensing signal acquisition unit. It is used to generate the rain shelter control instruction based on the built-in state machine after verification of validity, and to generate the fluid scheduling instruction downstream after receiving the feedback of the acquisition ready data. The test data quality control storage unit operates in parallel with the execution instruction deduction unit. It is used to receive the biochemical measurement dataset and perform local storage after performing numerical boundary checks and outlier removal. The maintenance closed-loop triggering unit is internally connected to the measurement data quality control storage unit. It is used to monitor the storage status identifier of the biochemical measurement dataset in real time, and after determining that the reception is completed, it actively generates and sends the maintenance control command downstream.

8. The acid rain automatic acquisition and monitoring system based on flow path time sequence coordination according to claim 7, characterized in that, The test data quality control storage unit includes: The calibration solution retrieval trigger subunit is used to send an internal scheduling request to the execution instruction deduction unit when the system is in a non-rainfall standby period and meets the preset maintenance cycle threshold, so as to trigger the introduction of the calibration solution. The reference data extraction subunit is used to extract the current measured electrochemical calibration value of the device from the biochemical measurement dataset uploaded in the current round after the calibration solution is introduced and circulated. The model deviation comparison subunit is connected to the reference data extraction subunit and is used to perform an arithmetic comparison between the measured electrochemical calibration value and the theoretical true value preset locally, and to parse out the current transconductance slope and zero drift parameters of the probe. The dynamic accuracy compensation subunit is connected to the model deviation comparison subunit and is used to dynamically update the measurement calibration coefficient matrix of the system based on the analyzed deviation parameters, thereby realizing adaptive compensation of hardware performance after anti-cross-contamination cleaning.

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