High-pressure ammonia combustion test platform with mirror anti-fog self-cleaning and bottom water collection function

Abstract

The present application relates to high-pressure combustion test equipment technical field, especially to a kind of high-pressure ammonia combustion test platform with sight glass anti-fog self-cleaning and bottom water collection function.The technical scheme includes demisting self-cleaning visible window module, condensate removal module, burner module, high-pressure furnace module and lengthened sleeve.The high-pressure furnace module is vertical cylindrical sealed cavity.The present application realizes zero energy consumption, non-interference sight glass self-cleaning by step convex surface quartz glass using flame radiation heat and wall-swept updraft, cooperates with the inclined flow guide water storage chamber and external drain valve of furnace body bottom and ignition channel physical isolation to realize the gravity self-flowing centralized discharge of corrosive condensate, and combines the anti-short circuit design of ignition needle external insulation ceramic tube sleeve to jointly ensure that sight glass is clear and unobstructed, condensate has no backflow corrosion risk during the whole process of high-pressure ammonia combustion experiment, significantly improves the operation safety, data reliability and service life of equipment under severe working conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of high-pressure combustion test equipment technology, and in particular to a high-pressure ammonia combustion test platform with anti-fogging self-cleaning sight glass and bottom water collection functions. Background Technology

[0002] Ammonia, as a highly promising zero-carbon energy carrier, holds immense strategic importance in building new energy systems and achieving deep decarbonization in areas such as coal-fired power generation and high-temperature industrial kilns, thanks to its high energy density and safe storage and transportation. Compared to hydrogen, ammonia has lower storage and transportation costs under normal pressure liquefaction conditions and is less prone to combustion and explosion. Therefore, experimental simulation and mechanistic research on the high-pressure combustion characteristics of ammonia / hydrogen fuels has become an important direction in the field of clean combustion technology. In combustion experiments with high pressure and high moisture content (such as ammonia, hydrogen, or water-containing fuels), the construction of high-temperature and high-pressure environments and in-situ real-time observation play a decisive role in assessing combustion stability and product formation patterns.

[0003] However, existing high-pressure ammonia combustion experimental equipment generally suffers from two core technical bottlenecks that are difficult to simultaneously address when dealing with harsh high-pressure and high-humidity conditions:

[0004] First, there's the issue of defogging and self-cleaning of the high-pressure sight glass. The large amount of water vapor generated during combustion is supersaturated within the high-pressure chamber. Upon cooling, this vapor easily adheres to the inner wall of a conventional flat quartz glass sight glass, forming water mist or droplets. This severely obscures the experimental field of view, making it impossible to effectively observe the flame morphology, turbulent structure, and subtle combustion phenomena. To eliminate water mist, current techniques often employ attaching an electrically heated film to the outside of the sight glass or introducing inert gas for external purging. However, electrically heated films not only consume a significant amount of additional electrical energy but are also prone to aging and breakage under the stringent sealing stress of the high-pressure flange. External gas purging, on the other hand, introduces external airflow, severely interfering with the pre-set high-pressure flow field and gas composition within the furnace, leading to distorted experimental data.

[0005] Secondly, there are safety issues related to the condensate backflow after the experiment. After the high-pressure combustion experiment, as the furnace cools naturally, the large amount of high-temperature water vapor remaining inside rapidly condenses into liquid water. Because conventional equipment often shares the ignition, air intake, and condensate channels at the bottom or places them too close together, this accumulated condensate at the bottom can easily flow back along the central pipe into the ignition device and fuel passage at the bottom. This leads to two serious consequences: first, the ignition electrode may become damp, causing a short circuit and directly damaging the ignition system, even interrupting the experiment; second, the condensate (especially the nitrogen-containing acidic water produced by ammonia combustion) will severely corrode the sensor probe and precision metal seals inside the furnace, resulting in high maintenance costs and significant safety hazards. Furthermore, existing structures typically rely solely on gravity for natural dispersion, lacking a dedicated design for water collection, storage, and controlled discharge, making it difficult to accurately quantify and collect the total amount of condensate generated during the experiment, thus hindering the accurate calculation of combustion efficiency.

[0006] In summary, this application proposes a high-pressure ammonia combustion test platform with anti-fog self-cleaning sight glass and bottom water collection functions. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to address the problems existing in the background technology by proposing a high-pressure ammonia combustion test platform with anti-fog self-cleaning sight glass and bottom water collection functions.

[0008] The technical solution of the present invention: a high-pressure ammonia combustion test platform with anti-fogging self-cleaning sight glass and bottom water collection function, including a defogging self-cleaning sight window module, a condensate removal module, a burner module, a high-pressure furnace module, and an extended sleeve;

[0009] The high-pressure furnace module is a vertical cylindrical sealed cavity located at the center of the entire device. The burner module is coaxially mounted at the bottom of the high-pressure furnace module, with its fuel inlet located at the lowest axial position and its outlet extending upwards into the bottom of the high-pressure furnace module's inner cavity. The condensate removal module is coaxially built into the cavity of the high-pressure furnace module, with its cooling medium inlet located at the lower part of the high-pressure furnace module and its condensate collection and discharge port located at the lower part of the high-pressure furnace module. The demisting self-cleaning viewing window module is embedded in the side wall of the high-pressure furnace module, and its central axis is at the same horizontal level as the outlet of the burner module, used for in-situ visual observation of the combustion core area.

[0010] The high-pressure furnace module is provided with a combustion exhaust gas outlet at the top. The exhaust gas outlet is connected to an external exhaust gas pipeline via an upper flange, and a back pressure regulating valve is provided on the pipeline to regulate the experimental pressure.

[0011] Optionally, the defogging self-cleaning viewing window module includes a fixing sleeve, stepped quartz glass, a sealing ring, and a window;

[0012] The small end of the stepped quartz glass protrudes into the high-pressure furnace module and extends into the high-pressure cavity, exposing it to the combustion environment; the large end of the stepped quartz glass is installed inside the window through the fixing sleeve, and the sealing ring is sandwiched between the contact surface of the large end and the window.

[0013] The stepped quartz glass is used to receive the high-temperature radiant heat generated by combustion in the furnace to raise its own temperature and promote the evaporation of the attached water mist; at the same time, the protruding surface of the stepped quartz glass is used to receive the rising airflow from bottom to top in the high-pressure cavity to generate a wall-blowing effect, peeling off and carrying away impurities from the glass surface.

[0014] The sealing ring is used to ensure the high-pressure airtightness between the large end of the stepped quartz glass and the window, and acts as an elastic buffer to absorb assembly stress.

[0015] Optionally, the condensate removal module includes an inlet, a drain pipe, an outlet, a water storage chamber, and a drain valve;

[0016] The water inlet is located at the bottom of the high-pressure furnace module, and the water outlet is located at the upper end of the drain pipe. The water inlet and the water outlet are connected through the drain pipe.

[0017] The drain pipes are evenly distributed along the inner wall of the high-pressure cavity. The water storage chamber is located at the bottom of the high-pressure furnace module and is connected to the lower end of each drain pipe. The drain valve is installed at the lowest position of the side wall of the water storage chamber.

[0018] The drain pipe is used to allow the cooling medium to flow from bottom to top, so that the pipe wall is kept at a low temperature, thereby condensing the water vapor in the exhaust gas in the furnace onto the outer pipe wall. The condensed liquid water flows down the pipe wall and collects into the water storage chamber, and is discharged through the drain valve.

[0019] Optionally, the burner module includes a blunt body, an ignition needle, a fuel outlet, a swirler, a gas equalization plate, an air outlet, an air inlet, and a fuel inlet;

[0020] Fuel flows in through the fuel inlet, air flows in through the air inlet, flows out through the air outlet, and is rectified and evenly distributed by the air distribution plate before entering the cyclone separator to form a rotating airflow. It is then premixed with the fuel ejected from the fuel outlet, and then passes through the blunt body to increase the turbulence intensity of the airflow. Finally, ignition is completed by the electric arc generated between the ignition needle and the blunt body.

[0021] The electrode of the ignition needle is covered with an insulating ceramic sleeve to prevent short circuit caused by water vapor condensation.

[0022] Optionally, the high-pressure furnace module is composed of an upper flange, a high-pressure chamber, and a lower flange connected in a sealed manner from top to bottom;

[0023] The upper flange has the exhaust gas outlet; the side wall of the high-pressure chamber is provided with a number of pressure sensor probes and temperature sensor probes, which are used to monitor the pressure and temperature data inside the high-pressure chamber in real time.

[0024] Optionally, the defogging self-cleaning viewing window module is located in the lower middle position of the high-pressure cavity, and there are 4 of them, which are evenly distributed around the circumference of the high-pressure cavity and are welded and fixed to the outer wall of the high-pressure cavity.

[0025] Optionally, the number of drainage pipes is 8, and they are made of steel; the water storage chamber is a rectangular groove opened inside the lower flange.

[0026] Optionally, 12 small round holes are evenly distributed at the fuel outlet; the gas distribution plate is provided with air holes, ignition needle holes and fuel pipe holes, wherein the number of air holes near the air outlet side is less than the number of air holes far from the air outlet side.

[0027] Optionally, the burner module is fixedly connected to the extended sleeve by bolts, the lower flange of the extended sleeve is welded and fixed to the lower flange of the high-pressure furnace module, and the outlet end of the burner module passes through the extended sleeve and extends into the high-pressure chamber.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0029] This invention utilizes a stepped convex quartz glass at the observation window. By combining the high-temperature thermal radiation of the ammonia combustion flame with the wall-blowing effect of the rising hot airflow in the furnace, it continuously drives away and evaporates condensates in the near-wall area. This achieves contactless and interference-free self-cleaning of the sight glass, eliminating the need for additional electrical heating or external purging gas sources. It also avoids interference from external airflow on the flow field inside the furnace, ensuring the authenticity of experimental data.

[0030] This invention integrates a condensate removal module coaxially inside a high-pressure chamber. An inclined guide water storage chamber and an external discharge valve are physically isolated from the igniter channel at the bottom of the furnace body. The condensate containing corrosive components is discharged in a centralized and safe manner by gravity, effectively eliminating the risk of condensate backflow into the ignition device and fuel passage, and avoiding the problems of ignition electrode short circuit due to moisture and acidic condensate corrosion of sensor probes and seals.

[0031] This invention effectively prevents short circuits in the ignition needle caused by condensation of water vapor at the electrode in the furnace by covering the ignition needle with an insulating ceramic sleeve, significantly reducing the replacement frequency of the ignition needle, eliminating safety hazards, and improving the stability of the flame combustion process.

[0032] This invention ensures that the sight glass is clear and unobstructed throughout the high-pressure ammonia combustion experiment, effectively preventing the risk of condensate backflow and corrosion, and significantly improving the operational safety, data reliability and service life of the device under harsh conditions.

[0033] In summary, this invention utilizes stepped convex quartz glass to achieve zero-energy, interference-free self-cleaning of the sight glass through the combined action of flame radiation heat and rising airflow purging along the wall. This, along with an inclined guide water storage chamber physically isolated from the ignition channel at the bottom of the furnace and an external discharge valve, enables gravity-fed centralized discharge of corrosive condensate. Furthermore, the short-circuit protection design of the external insulating ceramic sleeve on the ignition needle ensures a clear and unobstructed sight glass throughout the high-pressure ammonia combustion experiment, eliminating the risk of condensate backflow and corrosion. This significantly improves the equipment's operational safety, data reliability, and service life under harsh conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the high-pressure ammonia combustion test platform designed in this invention;

[0035] Figure 2 This is a partial structural diagram of the burner module in the high-pressure ammonia combustion test platform designed in this invention;

[0036] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the gas equalization plate structure of the burner module in the high-pressure ammonia combustion test platform designed for this invention.

[0037] Reference numerals: 1. Defogging self-cleaning viewing window module; 1-1. Fixing sleeve; 1-2. Stepped quartz glass; 1-3. Sealing ring; 1-4. Window;

[0038] 2. Condensate removal module; 2-1. Outlet; 2-2. Drain pipe; 2-3. Water storage chamber; 2-4. Drain valve; 2-5. Inlet;

[0039] 3. Burner module; 3-1. Blunt body; 3-2. Ignition needle; 3-3. Fuel outlet; 3-4. Swirl generator; 3-5. Gas distribution plate; 3-5-1. Air hole; 3-5-2. Ignition needle hole; 3-5-3. Fuel pipe hole; 3-6. Air outlet; 3-7. Air inlet; 3-8. Fuel inlet;

[0040] 4. High-pressure furnace module; 4-1. Upper flange; 4-1-1. Exhaust gas outlet; 4-1-2. Sensor probe; 4-2. High-pressure chamber; 4-3. Lower flange;

[0041] 5. Extend the sleeve. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features described therein can be combined with each other.

[0043] Example

[0044] like Figure 1 As shown, this invention proposes a high-pressure ammonia combustion test platform with anti-fogging self-cleaning sight glass and bottom water collection functions, comprising a defogging self-cleaning viewing window module 1, a condensate removal module 2, a burner module 3, a high-pressure furnace module 4, and an extended sleeve 5. Through the organic integration and synergistic cooperation of these five core modules, this invention forms an integrated testing equipment capable of simultaneously solving the two major challenges of anti-fogging self-cleaning of the sight glass and safe discharge of condensate in high-pressure ammonia combustion experiments, providing reliable technical support for the study of high-pressure ammonia combustion mechanisms.

[0045] like Figure 1As shown, this device adopts an overall structural layout of axial layering and radial concentric nesting. The high-pressure furnace module 4 is a vertical cylindrical sealed cavity located at the center of the structure, serving as the main body for bearing the high-pressure combustion reaction. The vertical cylindrical sealed structure of the high-pressure furnace module 4 can withstand the high-temperature and high-pressure conditions required for the experiment, ensuring the combustion reaction proceeds safely and stably within the sealed space. Its central location allows other functional modules to be arranged coaxially around it, resulting in a compact overall structure, balanced stress distribution, and reduced impact of thermal stress concentration and mechanical vibration on measurement accuracy during the experiment. The burner module 3 is coaxially positioned at the bottom with the high-pressure furnace module 4. Its fuel inlet is located at the lowest axial position, and the burner outlet extends upwards into the bottom of the high-pressure furnace module 4's inner cavity. The bottom coaxial arrangement of the burner module 3 ensures that fuel and oxidant are supplied from bottom to top, consistent with the upward flow of hot gas inside the furnace, which is beneficial for stable flame organization and smooth discharge of combustion products. Simultaneously, the fuel inlet being at the lowest position facilitates the connection and sealing of external gas supply pipelines, reducing the risk of leakage at pipeline interfaces under high-pressure conditions. The condensate removal module 2 is coaxially integrated inside the cavity of the high-pressure furnace module 4. Its cooling medium inlet is located at the lower part of the high-pressure furnace module 4, and the condensate collection and discharge outlet is also located at the lower part of the high-pressure furnace module 4. The condensate removal module 2 is integrated inside the high-pressure cavity 4-2 and coaxially arranged with the high-pressure furnace, allowing the guide pipe 2-2 to be evenly distributed along the circumferential wall of the cavity, maximizing the capture of water vapor condensate generated throughout the furnace and improving condensate collection efficiency. Simultaneously, the upward flow direction of the cooling medium is opposite to the upward flow direction of the hot airflow, creating a counter-current heat exchange effect. This enhances the heat exchange temperature difference and efficiency between the guide pipe 2-2 wall and the hot airflow inside the furnace, significantly improving the condensation rate of water vapor. The demisting self-cleaning viewing window module 1, as an external observation component, is embedded in the side wall of the high-pressure furnace module 4, with its central axis aligned at the same level as the outlet end of the burner module 3, facilitating in-situ visual observation of the combustion core area. By aligning the central axis of the sight glass with the burner outlet at the same horizontal level, researchers can directly target the core area of ​​the flame for optical observation and video recording. This avoids line-of-sight obstruction and imaging distortion caused by observation position deviation, ensuring that the acquired optical information such as flame shape, color, and brightness accurately reflects the combustion state and provides reliable visual data for combustion mechanism analysis. The top of the high-pressure furnace module 4 has a combustion exhaust gas outlet, which is connected to an external exhaust gas pipeline via an upper flange. A back pressure regulating valve is installed on this pipeline to control the experimental pressure. By installing a back pressure regulating valve on the exhaust gas pipeline, precise control of the internal pressure of the high-pressure chamber 4-2 can be achieved, meeting the combustion testing requirements under different experimental pressure conditions and broadening the application range of the device.

[0046] like Figure 1As shown, the defogging self-cleaning viewing window module 1 includes a fixing sleeve 1-1, a stepped quartz glass 1-2, a sealing ring 1-3, and a window 1-4. The small end of the stepped quartz glass 1-2 protrudes into the high-pressure furnace module 4 and extends into the high-pressure chamber 4-2, exposing it to the combustion environment. The stepped quartz glass 1-2 adopts a structural design with the small end protruding into the furnace, which has the following multiple beneficial effects: Firstly, the protruding small end is directly exposed to the high-temperature combustion environment, which can more fully receive the high-temperature radiant heat of the flame, so that the surface temperature of the glass can rise rapidly to a level higher than the dew point temperature of water vapor in the furnace, thus inhibiting the condensation of water mist on the viewing window surface from the source. Compared with external heating methods, this passive heating method that utilizes the heat of combustion itself does not consume additional electrical energy and is not limited by external power supply conditions, thus having higher reliability and economy. Secondly, the protruding surface breaks the plane of the inner wall of the high-pressure chamber 4-2. The stepped structure creates a locally protruding obstacle at the step. As the rising hot airflow from bottom to top within the furnace flows over this protruding surface, it experiences a wall-attachment effect and local acceleration, forming a continuous wall-purge airflow. This purging effect does not require an external air source, relying entirely on the kinetic energy of the flow field within the furnace itself. Therefore, it does not interfere with the original gas composition and flow field distribution within the furnace, ensuring the authenticity and accuracy of the experimental data. Furthermore, the stepped structure creates thermal insulation between the small-end glass surface and the large-end mounting base, reducing thermal stress concentration within the glass and lowering the risk of glass breakage under high-pressure conditions. The large end of the stepped quartz glass 1-2 is installed inside the window 1-4 via a fixing sleeve 1-1, and a sealing ring 1-3 is sandwiched between the contact surface between the large end and the window 1-4. The sealing ring 1-3 seals the large end and the window 1-4, ensuring the airtightness of the high-pressure chamber 4-2 under high-pressure experimental conditions, preventing high-pressure gas leakage from the viewing window, and ensuring experimental safety. The high-temperature radiant heat generated by combustion within the furnace is conducted to the surface of the stepped quartz glass 1-2, raising its temperature and causing the adhering water mist to evaporate rapidly. Compared to the existing technology that uses an electrically heated film, this invention utilizes the heat generated by combustion itself for heating, achieving an active anti-fogging effect with zero additional energy consumption. This avoids the problem of electric heating films easily aging and breaking under the severe sealing stress of high-pressure flanges, greatly improving the operational reliability of the equipment in long-term high-pressure experiments. Simultaneously, relying on the upward airflow within the high-pressure chamber 4-2, a wall-blowing effect is generated on the protruding surface of the stepped quartz glass 1-2, stripping and carrying away minute impurities from the glass surface, achieving the anti-fogging self-cleaning function of the sight glass. Compared to the existing technology that uses external inert gas purging, this invention utilizes the furnace's own airflow for purging, without introducing any external airflow. Therefore, it does not interfere with the high-pressure flow field and gas composition within the furnace, fundamentally eliminating the technical defects of experimental data distortion caused by external air blowing, ensuring the representativeness and accuracy of optical diagnostic results.It is important to note that the high-temperature radiation evaporation and wall-attached purging mechanisms in this invention work synergistically and complement each other: high-temperature radiation evaporation primarily eliminates condensed water vapor, while wall-attached purging physically removes uncondensed micro-droplets and solid particles adhering to the glass surface. Together, they ensure the continuous cleanliness of the sight glass surface throughout the entire experimental cycle. The sealing ring 1-3 not only ensures the high-pressure airtightness between the large end of the stepped quartz glass 1-2 and the window 1-4, but also acts as an elastic buffer to absorb assembly stress, preventing damage to the stepped quartz glass 1-2 due to uneven stress during installation and under high-pressure conditions. This ensures clear and unobstructed observation of the flame combustion state inside the furnace through the sight glass during the experiment. The sealing ring 1-3 has a dual function of sealing and buffering. On the one hand, it fills the tiny gap between the glass and the metal window 1-4 through its elastic deformation, achieving effective sealing of high-pressure gas. On the other hand, when the glass is subjected to high-pressure gas pressure or thermal expansion force, the sealing ring 1-3 absorbs part of the stress through its own elastic deformation, avoiding rigid contact and stress concentration between the hard quartz glass and the metal window 1-4, effectively reducing the risk of glass breakage under high-pressure and high-temperature alternating conditions, and significantly extending the service life of the window.

[0047] like Figure 1As shown, the condensate removal module 2 includes an inlet 2-5, a drain pipe 2-2, an outlet 2-1, a water storage chamber 2-3, and a drain valve 2-4. The inlet 2-5 is located at the bottom of the high-pressure furnace module 4, and the outlet 2-1 is located at the upper end of the drain pipe 2-2. The inlet 2-5 and outlet 2-1 are connected by the drain pipe 2-2. The cooling medium, such as water or cooling oil, enters from the bottom inlet 2-5 and exits from the top outlet 2-1, ensuring that the cooling medium completely fills the interior of the drain pipe 2-2. This avoids localized dry burning and uneven heat exchange caused by gas accumulation, thus ensuring the uniformity of the pipe wall temperature along the entire length of the drain pipe 2-2. Meanwhile, the cooling medium flows from bottom to top within the guide pipe 2-2, consistent with the flow direction of the high-temperature exhaust gas inside the furnace. This ensures that the cooling medium within the guide pipe 2-2 and the high-temperature exhaust gas outside the pipe form a co-current heat exchange, guaranteeing that a low wall temperature is maintained throughout the entire length of the guide pipe 2-2 and maximizing the effective utilization rate of the condensation area. Eight guide pipes 2-2 are evenly distributed circumferentially along the inner wall of the high-pressure chamber 4-2. The design of the circumferentially evenly distributed drainage pipes 2-2 has the following significant advantages: First, the eight drainage pipes 2-2 form a complete and uniform low-temperature condensation surface around the inner wall of the high-pressure chamber 4-2, allowing water vapor generated in all directions within the high-pressure chamber 4-2 to reach the surface of the nearest drainage pipe 2-2 within a short diffusion distance for condensation, avoiding the occurrence of condensation dead zones and greatly improving the collection efficiency of condensate. Second, the evenly distributed multiple drainage pipes 2-2 ensure that each pipe bears a basically the same heat load, which helps maintain the uniformity of the pipe wall temperature and avoids the decrease in condensation effect caused by local overheating. Furthermore, the arrangement of the eight drainage pipes 2-2 also acts like guide vanes, helping to guide the uniform distribution of the rising airflow in the furnace, improving the symmetry and stability of the burner outlet flame, and also having a positive auxiliary effect on the combustion experiment itself. The water storage chamber 2-3 is located at the bottom of the high-pressure furnace module 4, and the water storage chamber 2-3 is connected to the lower outer wall of each drainage pipe 2-2. The water storage chamber 2-3 is located at the bottom of the high-pressure furnace module 4 and is connected to the lower ends of each drain pipe 2-2. This allows condensate to flow automatically downwards along the outer wall of the drain pipe 2-2 under its own gravity and collect in the water storage chamber 2-3, eliminating the need for additional power and reducing energy consumption and failure rate. Simultaneously, the direct connection between the water storage chamber 2-3 and the lower ends of each drain pipe 2-2 ensures that all condensed water droplets on the drain pipe 2-2 flow smoothly into the water storage chamber 2-3, preventing the accumulation of a liquid film on the lower part of the pipe wall that could obstruct the flow of subsequent condensate, thus ensuring unobstructed drainage. The drain valve 2-4 is installed at the lowest point of the side wall of the water storage chamber 2-3.The drain valve 2-4 is installed at the lowest position of the water storage chamber 2-3, ensuring that the condensate in the water storage chamber 2-3 can be completely drained, preventing residual liquid at the bottom of the water storage chamber 2-3. This avoids continuous corrosion of the internal components of the furnace by water accumulation during the experimental intervals. At the same time, it is beneficial to accurately quantify and collect the total amount of condensate generated in each experiment, providing a reliable data basis for accurate calculation of combustion efficiency. After the experiment, the cooling medium is introduced through the inlet 2-5. The cooling medium flows from bottom to top through the drain pipe 2-2 and is discharged from the outlet 2-1, keeping the pipe wall of the drain pipe 2-2 at a low temperature. Water vapor in the exhaust gas in the furnace condenses on the outer wall of the drain pipe 2-2. The condensed liquid water flows down the pipe wall and collects in the water storage chamber 2-3, and is discharged from the high-pressure furnace body by opening the drain valve 2-4. This invention effectively isolates condensate from the ignition channel and sensor installation location by collecting and discharging it centrally inside the furnace body, instead of allowing it to flow out along the burner channel or sensor installation holes. This fundamentally eliminates the possibility of condensate flowing back into the ignition device and fuel passage, avoids the serious consequences of ignition electrodes getting damp and short-circuiting, and nitrogen-containing acidic condensate corroding the sensor probe and precision metal seals. It significantly reduces equipment maintenance costs and safety hazards, and extends the service life of the furnace body.

[0048] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, burner module 3 includes a blunt body 3-1, an ignition needle 3-2, a fuel outlet 3-3, a swirler 3-4, a gas equalization plate 3-5, an air inlet 3-7, and a fuel inlet 3-8. Fuel flows in through fuel inlet 3-8, and air flows in through air inlet 3-7, exits through air outlet 3-6, and is rectified and evenly distributed by the gas equalization plate 3-5 before entering the swirler 3-4 to form a rotating airflow. This airflow is then premixed with the fuel ejected from fuel outlet 3-3, and subsequently passes through the blunt body 3-1 to increase the turbulence intensity. Finally, ignition is achieved by the electric arc generated between the ignition needle 3-2 and the blunt body 3-1. The pre-mixing of fuel and air within burner module 3 ensures that the fuel is uniformly mixed with the oxidizer before entering the high-pressure chamber 4-2, which is beneficial for forming a stable premixed flame, improving combustion efficiency, and reducing the amount of pollutants generated due to localized rich or lean combustion. Twelve small, uniformly sized holes are evenly distributed at fuel outlet 3-3 to further enhance fuel-air mixing. The uniform distribution of 12 small circular holes allows fuel to be ejected in multiple fine jets, increasing the contact area and mixing intensity between fuel and air. This promotes uniform mixing of fuel and air at the molecular level within a short distance, avoiding localized high-temperature zones and incomplete combustion caused by uneven mixing, thus helping to reduce the formation of pollutants such as NOx. The electrode of ignition needle 3-2 is encased in an insulating ceramic sleeve to prevent short circuits caused by condensation of water vapor at the electrode. The insulating ceramic sleeve effectively electrically isolates the metal electrode of ignition needle 3-2 from the high-temperature and high-humidity environment inside the furnace. Even if water vapor condenses on the electrode surface to form a liquid film, this film will not directly contact the metal electrode, preventing electrical short circuits and ensuring reliable operation of the ignition system in harsh, humid, and hot environments. Furthermore, the ceramic material possesses excellent high-temperature and corrosion resistance, capable of withstanding long-term exposure to high temperatures and nitrogen-containing acidic atmospheres without failure, offering higher reliability and service life than conventional organic insulating materials. More importantly, the insulating protection provided by the ceramic sleeve effectively prevents ignition failure and high-voltage electric shock hazards caused by short circuits in the ignition needle 3-2 due to condensation, making the experimental process safer and more controllable. Simultaneously, since the ignition needle 3-2 is no longer frequently damaged due to short circuits, the replacement frequency of the ignition needle is significantly reduced, saving experimental costs and maintenance time, and improving experimental efficiency. The gas distribution plate 3-5 has air holes 3-5-1, ignition needle holes 3-5-2, and fuel pipe holes 3-5-3. The number of air holes 3-5-1 near the air outlet 3-6 is less than that further away from the outlet, allowing the airflow to enter the cyclone separator more evenly after passing through the gas distribution plate.Traditional uniformly perforated gas distribution plates suffer from uneven flow distribution and higher local velocity near the outlet due to the direct impact of airflow. The variable-density perforation design of this invention effectively compensates for the flow deviation caused by the direct impact effect at the outlet, ensuring a uniform distribution of flow rate and velocity across the entire cross-section after the airflow passes through the distribution plate 3-5. This provides a favorable condition for the subsequent cyclone separator 3-4 to generate a uniform rotating airflow, thereby ensuring the stability and symmetry of the flame combustion process. The protective function of the insulating ceramic sleeve not only makes the flame combustion process more stable but also effectively eliminates the safety hazards caused by short circuits in the ignition needle and significantly reduces the frequency of ignition needle replacement. It should be noted that the rectification and uniform distribution effect of the gas distribution plate 3-5 and the swirling and flame stabilizing effect of the swirler 3-4 work together: the former ensures the uniformity of the airflow velocity and flow rate entering the swirler in the cross section, while the latter transforms the uniform axial airflow into a rotating airflow with a tangential velocity component. The rotating airflow forms a central recirculation zone downstream of the blunt body 3-1, which entrains high-temperature combustion products to continuously heat and ignite fresh reactants, thereby achieving stable flame anchoring and ensuring that combustion can be stably maintained under high back pressure conditions.

[0049] like Figure 1 As shown, the high-pressure furnace module 4 is composed of an upper flange 4-1, a high-pressure chamber 4-2, and a lower flange 4-3, which are sequentially and sealed from top to bottom. The upper flange 4-1 and lower flange 4-3 are respectively sealed to the upper and lower ends of the high-pressure chamber 4-2, forming a complete pressure-bearing and sealing structure, ensuring that the high-pressure environment required for the experiment can be maintained inside the high-pressure chamber 4-2. The flange connection method facilitates the disassembly and maintenance of the equipment. When internal components need to be repaired or replaced, the chamber can be opened simply by removing the flange bolts, improving the maintainability of the equipment. The upper flange 4-1 has a tail gas outlet 4-1-1, and a back pressure regulating valve is installed at the tail gas outlet 4-1-1 to regulate the experimental pressure. Positioning the tail gas outlet 4-1-1 at the upper flange 4-1 position allows the high-temperature tail gas generated by combustion to be discharged from the top of the furnace body, consistent with the gas supply direction at the bottom of the burner, which is beneficial for the smooth upward flow of airflow and the uniformity of pressure distribution within the furnace. The back pressure regulating valve allows researchers to precisely control the internal pressure of the high-pressure chamber 4-2 within a wide pressure range according to the experimental plan, providing a flexible means of adjusting operating conditions for studying the combustion characteristics of ammonia under different pressure conditions. Several pressure sensor probes 4-2-1 and temperature sensor probes 4-2-2 are installed on the side wall of the high-pressure chamber 4-2 for real-time monitoring of the pressure and temperature data inside the high-pressure chamber 4-2. The arrangement of multiple sensor probes enables multi-point real-time monitoring and redundant measurement of the thermal parameters inside the high-pressure chamber 4-2, ensuring the reliability and integrity of the experimental data and providing accurate basic data support for combustion characteristic analysis and mechanism research.

[0050] like Figure 1As shown, the defogging self-cleaning viewing window module 1 is located in the lower center of the high-pressure cavity 4-2 within the high-pressure furnace module 4. Four defogging self-cleaning viewing window modules 1 are evenly distributed around the cavity and are fixed to the outer wall of the high-pressure cavity 4-2 by welding. Four viewing windows are distributed around the high-pressure furnace module 4. The four viewing windows are evenly distributed circumferentially around the high-pressure cavity 4-2, allowing researchers to simultaneously observe the three-dimensional morphology and spatial distribution characteristics of the flame from multiple directions. This overcomes the limitation of a single window providing only a two-dimensional planar view, providing richer observational data for flame three-dimensional structure reconstruction and turbulent combustion mechanism research. Positioning the windows in the lower center of the high-pressure cavity 4-2 corresponds to the height range of the flame combustion core area, ensuring that the observation target is located precisely in the region where the flame is brightest and the chemical reaction is most intense, maximizing the acquisition of valuable combustion optical information. Simultaneously, the symmetrical arrangement of multiple windows can also be used to simultaneously perform various optical diagnostic measurements such as synchronous PIV and PLIF, greatly expanding the application capabilities of the device in the field of fundamental combustion research.

[0051] like Figure 1 As shown, the condensate removal module 2 is located inside the high-pressure chamber 4-2 of the high-pressure furnace module 4. The drain pipe 2-2, made of steel, is fixed inside the high-pressure chamber 4-2 by welding. The steel drain pipe 2-2 is chosen because steel has excellent thermal conductivity, allowing it to quickly transfer the low temperature of the cooling medium inside the pipe to the outer wall, maintaining a low wall temperature to promote water vapor condensation. Furthermore, steel has high mechanical strength and heat resistance, maintaining structural stability and dimensional accuracy under high-pressure, high-temperature alternating conditions, preventing deformation or damage and ensuring long-term reliable operation of the equipment. The welding fixation method ensures a firm connection between the drain pipe 2-2 and the inner wall of the high-pressure chamber 4-2, preventing loosening or displacement even under high-temperature, high-pressure airflow impact, thus ensuring the positional accuracy and structural stability of the drain pipe 2-2 during long-term use. The water storage chamber 2-3 is a rectangular groove located inside the lower flange 4-3 of the high-pressure furnace module 4. The water storage chamber 2-3 is directly integrated into the lower flange 4-3 without requiring an additional external container. This fully utilizes the thickness of the lower flange 4-3 itself, resulting in a more compact overall structure, reduced external piping, and lower risk of leakage during condensate drainage. The rectangular groove structure is easy to manufacture and has a large water storage capacity, sufficient to collect condensate from a single experiment.

[0052] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, burner module 3 is fixed to extended sleeve 5 with bolts, and the lower flange of extended sleeve 5 is fixed by welding. The lower flange of burner module 3 enters the high-pressure chamber 4-2. Using bolts to fix burner module 3 to extended sleeve 5 ensures accurate positioning and secure installation of burner module 3 at the bottom of high-pressure chamber 4-2, and facilitates quick disassembly and assembly of burner module 3 during maintenance or replacement. The design of extended sleeve 5 allows the outlet end of burner module 3 to extend to a suitable height inside high-pressure chamber 4-2, ensuring stable combustion of the flame in the central area of ​​high-pressure chamber 4-2, avoiding premature contact of the flame with the inner wall of the chamber, which could lead to overheating and thermal stress damage. It also facilitates observation of the flame core area through the viewing window. The lower flange of extended sleeve 5 is fixed by welding, ensuring a permanent sealed connection between extended sleeve 5 and the bottom of high-pressure furnace module 4, avoiding loosening and leakage problems that may occur with flange bolt connections under long-term high-temperature alternating conditions, and improving the sealing reliability and safety of the device.

[0053] The above specific embodiments are merely several optional embodiments of the present invention. Based on the technical solutions of the present invention and the relevant teachings of the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can make various alternative improvements and combinations to the above specific embodiments.

Claims

1. A high-pressure ammonia combustion test platform with anti-fogging self-cleaning sight glass and bottom water collection functions, characterized in that, It includes a defogging self-cleaning viewing window module (1), a condensate removal module (2), a burner module (3), a high-pressure furnace module (4), and an extended sleeve (5); The high-pressure furnace module (4) is a vertical cylindrical sealed cavity located at the center of the entire device; the burner module (3) is coaxially arranged at the bottom with the high-pressure furnace module (4), with its fuel inlet end located at the lowest axial end and the burner outlet end extending upwards into the bottom of the inner cavity of the high-pressure furnace module (4); the condensate removal module (2) is coaxially built into the cavity of the high-pressure furnace module (4), with its cooling medium inlet end located at the lower part of the high-pressure furnace module (4) and the condensate collection and discharge port located at the lower part of the high-pressure furnace module (4); the demisting self-cleaning viewing window module (1) is embedded in the side wall of the high-pressure furnace module (4), and its viewing mirror center axis is kept at the same horizontal height as the outlet end of the burner module (3), for in-situ visual observation of the combustion core area; The high-pressure furnace module (4) is provided with a combustion exhaust gas outlet at the top. The exhaust gas outlet is connected to an external exhaust gas pipeline via an upper flange. A back pressure regulating valve is provided on the pipeline to regulate the experimental pressure.

2. The high-pressure ammonia combustion test platform with anti-fog self-cleaning sight glass and bottom water collection function as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The defogging self-cleaning viewing window module (1) includes a fixing sleeve (1-1), stepped quartz glass (1-2), a sealing ring (1-3), and a window (1-4). The small end of the stepped quartz glass (1-2) protrudes into the high-pressure furnace module (4) and extends into the high-pressure cavity (4-2), exposing it to the combustion environment; the large end of the stepped quartz glass (1-2) is installed inside the window (1-4) through the fixing sleeve (1-1), and the sealing ring (1-3) is sandwiched between the contact surface of the large end and the window (1-4). The stepped quartz glass (1-2) is used to receive the high-temperature radiant heat generated by combustion in the furnace to raise its own temperature and promote the evaporation of the attached water mist; at the same time, the protruding surface of the stepped quartz glass (1-2) is used to receive the rising airflow from bottom to top in the high-pressure cavity (4-2) to generate a wall-blowing effect, peeling off and carrying away impurities on the glass surface. The sealing ring (1-3) is used to ensure the high-pressure airtightness between the large end of the stepped quartz glass (1-2) and the window (1-4), and to absorb assembly stress as an elastic buffer.

3. The high-pressure ammonia combustion test platform with anti-fog self-cleaning sight glass and bottom water collection function as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The condensate removal module (2) includes an inlet (2-5), a drain pipe (2-2), an outlet (2-1), a water storage chamber (2-3), and a drain valve (2-4). The water inlet (2-5) is located at the bottom of the high-pressure furnace module (4), and the water outlet (2-1) is located at the upper end of the diversion pipe (2-2). The water inlet (2-5) and the water outlet (2-1) are connected through the diversion pipe (2-2). The drain pipes (2-2) are evenly distributed along the inner wall of the high-pressure cavity (4-2). The water storage chamber (2-3) is located at the bottom of the high-pressure furnace module (4), and the water storage chamber (2-3) is connected to the lower end of each drain pipe (2-2). The drain valve (2-4) is installed at the lowest position of the side wall of the water storage chamber (2-3). The drain pipe (2-2) is used to allow the cooling medium to flow from bottom to top, so that the pipe wall is kept at a low temperature, thereby condensing the water vapor in the exhaust gas in the furnace onto the outer pipe wall. The condensed liquid water flows down the pipe wall and collects into the water storage chamber (2-3), and is discharged through the drain valve (2-4).

4. The high-pressure ammonia combustion test platform with anti-fog self-cleaning sight glass and bottom water collection function as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The burner module (3) includes a blunt body (3-1), an ignition needle (3-2), a fuel outlet (3-3), a swirler (3-4), a gas equalization plate (3-5), an air hole (3-5-1), an ignition needle hole (3-5-2), a fuel pipe hole (3-5-3), an air outlet (3-6), an air inlet (3-7), and a fuel inlet (3-8). Fuel flows in through the fuel inlet (3-8), and air flows in through the air inlet (3-7), flows out through the air outlet (3-6), and is rectified and evenly distributed by the air distribution plate (3-5). Then, it enters the cyclone separator (3-4) to form a rotating airflow, which is then premixed with the fuel ejected from the fuel outlet (3-3). After passing through the blunt body (3-1) to increase the turbulence intensity of the airflow, ignition is finally completed by the electric arc generated between the ignition needle (3-2) and the blunt body (3-1). The electrode of the ignition needle (3-2) is covered with an insulating ceramic sleeve to prevent short circuit of the ignition needle due to water vapor condensation.

5. A high-pressure ammonia combustion test platform with anti-fog self-cleaning sight glass and bottom water collection function as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The high-pressure furnace module (4) is composed of an upper flange (4-1), a high-pressure cavity (4-2), and a lower flange (4-3) connected in a sealed manner from top to bottom; The upper flange (4-1) has the exhaust gas outlet (4-1-1); the side wall of the high-pressure chamber (4-2) is provided with a number of pressure sensor probes (4-2-1) and temperature sensor probes (4-2-2) for real-time monitoring of the pressure and temperature data inside the high-pressure chamber (4-2).

6. A high-pressure ammonia combustion test platform with anti-fog self-cleaning sight glass and bottom water collection function as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The defogging self-cleaning visual window module (1) is located in the lower middle position of the high-pressure cavity (4-2). There are 4 of them, and they are evenly distributed around the circumference of the high-pressure cavity (4-2) and welded and fixed to the outer wall of the high-pressure cavity (4-2).

7. A high-pressure ammonia combustion test platform with anti-fog self-cleaning sight glass and bottom water collection function as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The number of drainage pipes (2-2) is 8, and they are made of steel; the water storage chamber (2-3) is a rectangular groove opened inside the lower flange (4-3).

8. A high-pressure ammonia combustion test platform with anti-fog self-cleaning sight glass and bottom water collection function as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The fuel outlet (3-3) has 12 small round holes evenly distributed; the gas distribution plate (3-5) has air holes (3-5-1), ignition needle holes (3-5-2) and fuel pipe holes (3-5-3), wherein the number of air holes (3-5-1) near the air outlet (3-6) is less than the number of those far from the air outlet (3-6).

9. A high-pressure ammonia combustion test platform with anti-fog self-cleaning sight glass and bottom water collection function as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The burner module (3) is fixedly connected to the extended sleeve (5) by bolts. The lower flange of the extended sleeve (5) is welded and fixed to the lower flange of the high-pressure furnace module (4). The outlet end of the burner module (3) passes through the extended sleeve (5) and extends into the high-pressure chamber (4-2).

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