Soil fertility detection device and detection method

Abstract

The present application relates to soil fertility detection technology, especially to a kind of soil fertility detection equipment and detection method, including body, sampling part is located in the left end position of body, and it includes the load support of rotating installation on body, the sampling sleeve of the lower end opening cutter is movably installed in load support, feeder includes conveyor belt, distributor includes cutting piece, conveyor belt is used to transport soil sample from left to right, and cutting piece is used to cut soil sample to three equal parts from top to bottom;Detection part is set to the right end position of body.The present application makes that sampling sleeve first carries out helical lifting motion under the drive of cutting driver-Through the belt linkage between threaded sleeve and telescopic straight bar, driving disc can realize station switching every 90 ° rotation, and multi-station parallel detection architecture makes that the physical parameters, chemical indexes and microbial activity indexes of soil sample can be measured synchronously or in time-sharing mode within the same detection period.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to soil fertility testing technology, and more particularly to a soil fertility testing device and testing method. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, there are various soil fertility testing devices on the market, but there are still many technical shortcomings in terms of sampling integrity, automation of sample transfer, and multi-parameter collaborative detection.

[0003] Existing technologies, such as the soil fertility testing device disclosed in CN220626369U, utilize a dual lifting mechanism to achieve coordinated drilling and testing, enabling in-situ testing of soil fertility at different depths. However, this device has significant shortcomings in the sampling process: its sampling method involves directly drilling and then contacting the soil with a sensor rod, lacking a complete soil sample collection and extraction mechanism. When the sampling tube is pulled directly upwards from deep soil, due to the significant friction and vacuum adsorption effect between the deep soil and the inner wall of the sampling tube, the bottom of the soil sample is prone to irregular tearing or partial detachment during the lifting process. This results in poor soil sample integrity and unstable sampling volume, directly affecting the representativeness and accuracy of subsequent testing results. During the vertical extraction process, the negative pressure adsorption effect formed between the inner cavity of the sampling tube and the deep soil, as well as the cohesion and friction of the soil itself, can cause the bottom of the soil sample to break, tear, or partially fall off irregularly during the lifting process. This not only easily leads to unstable sample volume, but also damages the original stratification structure of the sample, making it impossible for subsequent test results to truly reflect the actual fertility status of the soil layer at that depth.

[0004] For example, a soil fertility testing device disclosed in announcement number CN211652863U is portable and has protection features for its internal electrical components. However, it completely lacks the functions of soil sample collection, pretreatment, and multi-station distribution. It can only perform single-point in-situ testing on the soil it comes into contact with, and cannot achieve fully automated operation of sampling, separation, and parallel testing of multiple parameters. Furthermore, this device also lacks the ability to detect core fertility indicators such as organic matter and microbial activity, limiting the comprehensiveness and scientific validity of the test data. Soil samples typically need to be manually transferred to the testing station and then manually separated, completely lacking automatic sample transfer capabilities. This fragmented operation mode not only increases the intensity of manual labor but also introduces the risk of cross-contamination and sample loss during sample transfer.

[0005] Moreover, existing testing equipment, represented by the aforementioned technologies, relies on single-function sensors and has limited detection parameters. It cannot obtain key fertility indicators such as organic matter content and microbial activity. When multiple fertility indicators such as physical parameters, chemical indicators, and microbial activity need to be measured, repeated sampling or multiple tests are required, resulting in a long overall testing cycle, low efficiency, and difficulty in ensuring that the sample size obtained by each testing channel is consistent. This leads to a lack of comparability between the test results of different indicators, affecting the scientific nature of the comprehensive fertility evaluation. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problem that it is difficult to obtain soil samples with low degree of damage and efficient circulation in the prior art, which leads to the inaccuracy and scientific nature of fertility test results. Therefore, this invention proposes a soil fertility testing device and testing method.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A soil fertility testing device includes a body, on which are provided: The sampling unit is located at the left end of the machine body and includes a C-shaped load-bearing support rotatably mounted on the machine body. A sampling sleeve with a cutting edge at the lower end is movably mounted on the C-shaped load-bearing support. The sampling sleeve first cuts the soil sample to a predetermined depth by spiral lifting and lowering. The C-shaped load-bearing support then drives the soil sample to swing left and right until the bottom of the soil sample is broken off at the sampling position. The sample feeding section is located at the middle of the machine body and includes a feeder and a distributor. The feeder includes a conveyor belt and the distributor includes a cutting component. The conveyor belt is used to transport soil samples from left to right, and the cutting component is used to cut the soil samples into three equal parts from top to bottom. The detection unit is located at the right end of the machine body and includes a receiving device located at the right end of the machine body. The receiving device includes a load-bearing disc, on which a driving disc is rotatably mounted. The load-bearing disc is connected to a feeding station and a detection station including physical, chemical, and biological detection stations via the driving disc. The right end of the machine body is equipped with an inspection device for testing three equal soil samples corresponding to the detection stations. The inspection device includes a physical detection module, a chemical detection module, and a biological detection module.

[0008] Preferably, a deflection driver is provided at the left end of the machine body for driving the U-shaped load-bearing support to reciprocate 0°-45° around its rotation axis.

[0009] Preferably, the deflection drive includes a load-bearing shaft rotatably mounted on the machine body and fixedly connected to a drive U-shaped load-bearing support. A deflection disk is fixedly connected to the end of the load-bearing shaft, and an eccentrically arranged traction rod is pinned to the deflection disk.

[0010] Preferably, the U-shaped load-bearing support is provided with a cutting driver for driving the sampling sleeve to rise and fall spirally.

[0011] Preferably, the cutting driver includes a drive gear column rotatably mounted on the machine body, a threaded sleeve and a guide screw are provided on the U-shaped load support, a driven gear meshing with the drive gear column is keyed on the threaded sleeve, a lifting platform is rotatably mounted on the threaded sleeve and slidably mounted on the U-shaped load support, and a telescopic straight rod fixedly connected to the sampling sleeve and driven to rotate by the threaded sleeve is rotatably mounted on the lifting platform.

[0012] Preferably, the telescopic rod is equipped with a booster that drives the soil sample inside the sampling sleeve to be discharged outward, and the booster includes a powerful piston that is slidably fitted inside the sampling sleeve.

[0013] Preferably, the distributor further includes a limiting fixture, which includes a Y-shaped jig located above the conveyor belt, with damping clamps for clamping soil samples on the conveyor belt at both ends of the Y-shaped jig.

[0014] Preferably, the detection unit further includes a feeder for conveying a loading cylinder to the loading station one by one.

[0015] Preferably, the feeder includes a loading platform located at the middle of the machine body. The loading platform has a vertical cavity, a receiving port and a discharge port that are connected to each other. A pusher plate is installed at the receiving port to push a loading cylinder through the discharge port to the loading station.

[0016] Regarding the detection method of the above-mentioned soil fertility testing equipment, the detection method includes the following steps: Step S1: Move the machine body to the sampling position so that the sampling sleeve is vertically aligned with the sampling position; Step S2: Control the drive gear column to rotate, and drive the threaded sleeve to descend spirally along the guide screw through the driven gear. At the same time, drive the lifting platform to move vertically downward. The lifting platform drives the telescopic rod to move downward synchronously. Meanwhile, the sampling sleeve cuts the soil sample to the predetermined depth through the blade spiral. Then, drive the deflection disk to deflect left and right by 0°-45° through the traction link, so that the bottom of the soil sample breaks off at the sampling position. Step S3: Control the sampling sleeve to move upward so that one end of the conveyor belt is directly below the sampling sleeve. Use a powerful piston to squeeze the soil sample downward until it falls onto the conveyor belt. Then use a Y-shaped fixture and a damping clamp to clamp and limit the soil sample. Use a cutting component to cut the soil sample into three equal parts. Step S4: Control the pusher plate to deflect, push one loading cylinder from the outlet to the loading station each time, and then control the drive disc to perform a step-by-step rotation motion of 90° / time until a loading cylinder is placed on each of the physical, chemical and biological testing stations, and each loading cylinder is loaded with an equal amount of soil sample. Step S5: Control the physical detection module, chemical detection module and biological detection module to perform physical detection, chemical detection and biological detection on the soil samples located at the physical detection site, chemical detection site and biological detection site respectively, and simultaneously or at different times measure the physical parameters, chemical indicators and microbial activity indicators of the soil samples.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: 1. This invention enables the sampling sleeve to first undergo a spiral lifting motion driven by a cutting actuator. Through the belt linkage between the threaded sleeve and the telescopic rod, the sampling sleeve rotates while descending vertically, cutting into the soil to a predetermined depth in a progressive spiral cutting manner, minimizing disturbance to the original soil structure during sampling. The deflection actuator drives the C-shaped load-bearing support and the sampling sleeve on it to perform a left-right reciprocating deflection motion of 0°-45°, which can generate controllable shear-bending composite stress between the bottom of the sampling sleeve and the deep soil. This ensures that the bottom of the soil sample is cleanly broken off at the predetermined sampling position, rather than being irregularly torn. This helps to solve the technical problems of irregular tearing of the bottom of the soil sample and unstable sample volume in the prior art. It is especially suitable for clay soils and deep sampling scenarios, ensuring the stratification integrity of the soil sample and the stability of the sample volume.

[0018] 2. This invention constructs a sample transport platform with three-dimensional spatial adjustment capabilities by using the horizontal sliding of the U-shaped displacement bracket, the vertical sliding of the U-shaped lifting bracket, and the left and right tilting and deflection of the conveyor belt. A Y-shaped fixture is set up in conjunction with a damping clamp driven by a servo telescopic device to position and clamp the soil sample on the conveyor belt. Subsequently, the sample is cut into three equal parts from top to bottom by a cutting component, providing a quantitatively consistent soil sample basis from the same source for the parallel detection of the three subsequent physical, chemical, and biological detection stations.

[0019] 3. This invention uses a rotating indexing structure of a load-bearing disc and a drive disc to set up four workstations, including a feeding station, a physical detection station, a chemical detection station, and a biological detection station. Each detection station is equidistant from the outside. The drive disc can switch between workstations by rotating 90° each time. Combined with the single-discharge mechanism consisting of a pusher plate and a pressure wedge in the feeder, it ensures that each loading cylinder is accurately placed in the corresponding workstation. The multi-station parallel detection architecture enables the physical parameters, chemical indicators, and microbial activity indicators of soil samples to be measured synchronously or at different times within the same detection cycle. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a soil fertility testing device proposed in this invention; Figure 2 This is a bottom view of a soil fertility testing device proposed in this invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the sampling section structure of a soil fertility testing device proposed in this invention; Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the sampling section of a soil fertility testing device proposed in this invention. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the sample delivery section of a soil fertility testing device proposed in this invention; Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the sample delivery section of a soil fertility testing device proposed in this invention. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the detection unit structure of a soil fertility testing device proposed in this invention; Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of the detection section of a soil fertility testing device proposed in this invention.

[0021] In the picture: 1. Organism; 2. Sampling section; 21. U-shaped load-bearing support; 22. Deflection actuator; 221. Drive slider; 222. Load-bearing shaft; 223. Traction link; 224. Deflection disc; 23. Sampling sleeve; 24. Cutting driver; 241. Drive shaft; 242. Threaded sleeve; 243. Lifting platform; 244. Telescopic rod; 245. Drive gear column; 246. Driven gear; 247. Guide screw; 248.1. Drive pulley; 248.2. Driven pulley; 249. Belt; 25. Supercharger; 251. Piston chamber; 252. First vent; 253. Second vent; 254. Heavy-duty piston; 3. Sample feeding section; 31. Feeder; 311. U-shaped displacement bracket; 312. U-shaped lifting bracket; 313. Conveyor belt; 32. Feeder; 321. Gantry crane; 322. Limiting fixture; 3221. Y-type jig; 3222. Servo telescopic device; 3223. Damping clamp; 323. Cut parts; 4. Testing Department; 41. Feeder; 411. Loading machine; 412. Vertical cavity; 413. Receiving port; 414. Discharge port; 415. Pusher plate; 416. Pressure wedge; 42. Feeder; 421. Loading disc; 422. Drive disc; 423. Loading station; 424. Inspection station; 425. Unloading pusher; 43. Testing device; 431. Load-bearing support; 432. Physical testing module; 433. Chemical testing module; 434. Biological testing module. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0023] Reference Figures 1-8 A soil fertility testing device includes a body 1, on which a sampling section 2, a sample delivery section 3, and a testing section 4 are installed. See the attached instruction manual for details. Figure 1 With appendix Figure 2 The main body 1 is divided into three functional areas: The left-hand area is the sampling area, used to install sampling unit 2; The middle area is the sample delivery and distribution area, where the sample delivery unit 3 is installed; The area on the right is the testing area, used to install the testing unit 4.

[0024] The flow path of soil samples is made linear to minimize the transmission distance between different functional units and reduce water evaporation and structural disturbance during the transfer process.

[0025] In some embodiments, the bottom of the machine body 1 is equipped with a walking mechanism, specifically a tracked chassis or a wheeled chassis, and is equipped with hydraulic or electric support and leveling outriggers. The main frame of the machine body 1 is constructed from welded steel profiles or spliced ​​high-strength aluminum alloy profiles. The frame is provided with multiple precision-machined mounting reference surfaces and positioning pin holes to ensure the installation accuracy and movement accuracy of the moving parts of the sampling section 2, the sample delivery section 3, and the detection section 4.

[0026] The sampling unit 2 is located at the left end of the body 1 and includes a U-shaped load-bearing support 21 rotatably mounted on the body 1. The support is U-shaped (i.e., a frame structure with three sides enclosed and one side open), and is welded or integrally machined from a top plate, bottom plate, and connecting side plates. A deflection actuator 22 is located at the left end of the body 1 to drive the U-shaped load-bearing support 21 to reciprocate 0°-45° around its rotation axis, thereby breaking off the bottom of the soil sample at the sampling position. Specifically, the left end of the body 1 has two coaxially arranged bearing seats, each housing a tapered roller bearing or angular contact ball bearing. The two ends of the load-bearing shaft 222 are supported within these bearings, allowing the U-shaped load-bearing support 21 to deflect left and right around the axis of the load-bearing shaft 222.

[0027] In some embodiments, the deflection actuator 22 includes a load-bearing shaft 222 rotatably mounted on the body 1. The load-bearing shaft 222 is fixedly connected to the U-shaped load-bearing support 21 and is used to drive the U-shaped load-bearing support 21 to deflect. A deflection disk 224 is fixedly connected to the end of the load-bearing shaft 222. An eccentrically set traction rod 223 is pin-connected to the deflection disk 224. The rod end joint bearing enables the traction rod 223 to automatically compensate for angular deviations during movement and reduce movement jamming. A drive slider 221 connected to the pin of the traction rod 223 is slidably mounted on the body 1. Specifically, an eccentrically set pin hole is opened on the surface of the deflection disk 224. The eccentricity (the distance from the center of the pin hole to the axis of the load-bearing shaft 222) is designed to be 80mm-120mm according to the required deflection torque and deflection angle. The power source for the drive slider 221 is a servo electric cylinder or a hydraulic cylinder. The push rod of the power source is fixedly connected to the drive slider 221, which pushes the drive slider 221 to perform reciprocating linear motion along the linear guide rail.

[0028] To further explain, the operation process of the deflection driver 22 is as follows: When the drive slider 221 moves to one side along the linear guide from its initial position, the traction link 223 pushes the deflection disk 224 to rotate clockwise (or counterclockwise) around the axis of the load-bearing shaft 222 by a certain angle, thereby causing the load-bearing shaft 222 and the U-shaped load-bearing support 21 to deflect synchronously. When the drive slider 221 moves in the opposite direction, the deflection disk 224 rotates in the opposite direction, and the U-shaped load-bearing support 21 deflects in the opposite direction accordingly. By controlling the stroke of the servo electric cylinder, the deflection angle can be precisely controlled within the range of 0°-45°.

[0029] In another embodiment, the deflection driver 22 may also be a swing hydraulic cylinder that directly drives the load-bearing shaft 222, or a servo motor that works with a worm gear reducer to directly drive the load-bearing shaft 222.

[0030] The U-shaped load-bearing support 21 is movably fitted with a sampling sleeve 23 with a knife edge at the lower end. See the instruction manual for details. Figure 2 The sampling sleeve 23 is cylindrical with an inner diameter of 50mm-80mm and a wall thickness of 3-5mm, and an effective sampling length of 300-500mm. A ring-shaped cutting edge with a cutting angle of 15°-30° is provided at the lower end of the sampling sleeve 23 to ensure sufficient cutting ability and wear resistance. A cutting actuator 24 is mounted on the U-shaped load-bearing support 21 to drive the sampling sleeve 23 to spirally lift and lower. The cutting actuator 24 drives the sampling sleeve 23 to perform a spiral lifting and lowering motion in the vertical direction, that is, simultaneously performing rotational and axial feed motions, cutting into the soil in a progressive spiral cutting manner.

[0031] In some embodiments, the cutting driver 24 includes a drive shaft 241. In some embodiments, the power source of the drive shaft 241 is a servo motor, and the output shaft of the servo motor is connected to the drive shaft 241 through a reducer. The servo motor is equipped with an encoder, which enables precise control of the speed, direction, and rotation angle. The U-shaped load-bearing support 21 is provided with a threaded sleeve 242 and a guide screw 247, which form a sliding helical transmission pair. When the threaded sleeve 242 rotates, since the guide screw 247 is fixed, the threaded sleeve 242 will generate a helical lifting motion along the axial direction of the guide screw 247.

[0032] The guide screw 247 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the U-shaped load-bearing support 21, and the threaded sleeve 242 is movably installed at the lower end of the U-shaped load-bearing support 21. A drive gear 245 and a driven gear 246 are keyed to the drive shaft 241 and the threaded sleeve 242, respectively, and are meshed together. The thickness ratio between the drive gear 245 and the driven gear 246 is 5:1, meaning the tooth width of the drive gear 245 is 5 times the tooth width of the driven gear 246. This signifies that: During the vertical lifting and lowering movement of the sampling sleeve 23 along with the lifting platform 243, the driven gear 246 needs to rise and fall synchronously with the threaded sleeve 242. The meshing relationship between the driven gear 246 and the drive gear column 245 must be maintained throughout the entire lifting and lowering stroke. The tooth width of the drive gear column 245 is greater than the tooth width of the driven gear 246, providing sufficient vertical movement space for the driven gear 246 to ensure that the gear meshing does not disengage and the power transmission is uninterrupted throughout the entire lifting and lowering stroke of the sampling sleeve 23.

[0033] A lifting platform 243 is rotatably mounted on the threaded sleeve 242 and slidably mounted on the U-shaped load-bearing support 21. Specifically, a bearing mounting shoulder is machined on the outer circumference of the threaded sleeve 242. The lifting platform 243 is supported on the threaded sleeve 242 by the bearing, allowing the threaded sleeve 242 to rotate freely while the lifting platform 243 does not rotate with it, but the lifting platform 243 moves vertically up and down together with the threaded sleeve 242. Guide sliders are provided on both sides or around the lifting platform 243, which slide in cooperation with the vertical guide rails provided on the U-shaped load-bearing support 21 to ensure the stability and verticality of the lifting platform 243 during the lifting process. A telescopic straight rod 244, which is fixedly connected to the sampling sleeve 23 and driven to rotate by the threaded sleeve 242, is rotatably mounted on the lifting platform 243.

[0034] Furthermore, the telescopic rod 244 is movably mounted on the U-shaped load-bearing support 21. A drive pulley 248.1 is provided on the threaded sleeve 242, and a driven pulley 248.2 is provided on the telescopic rod 244. The two pulleys are connected by a belt 249, and the transmission ratio between the pulleys is 1:1 to 1:2, which can be designed according to the required rotational speed of the sampling sleeve 23. The telescopic rod 244 rotates while rising and falling vertically, thereby driving the sampling sleeve 23 to perform a spiral lifting and lowering adjustment.

[0035] It should be noted that the telescopic rod 244 is hollow inside, used to accommodate the piston rod of the turbocharger 25 and related air passages. The outer circle of the telescopic rod 244 is machined with splines or sliding keyways, and the rotational motion is transmitted between it and the threaded sleeve 242 through a sliding spline connection or through a belt drive mechanism.

[0036] A booster 25 is installed on the telescopic rod 244 to drive the soil sample in the sampling sleeve 23 to be discharged outward. The booster 25 includes a piston cavity 251 opened in the sampling sleeve 23. A first vent 252 and a second vent 253 communicating with the piston cavity 251 are opened in the sampling sleeve 23. One-way valves are arranged at the positions of the first vent 252 and the second vent 253. The opening directions of the one-way valves are as follows: the one-way valve of the first vent 252 allows gas to enter the piston cavity 251 from the outside and cuts off in the reverse direction; the one-way valve of the second vent 253 allows gas to enter the inner cavity of the sampling sleeve 23 from the piston cavity 251 and cuts off in the reverse direction.

[0037] in: The first vent 252 is an air inlet, which is connected to the outside atmosphere or to a compressed air source; The second vent 253 is an air outlet, which is connected to the top of the inner cavity of the sampling sleeve 23.

[0038] A powerful piston 254 is slidably fitted inside the sampling sleeve 23 within the piston chamber 251. Driving the powerful piston 254 to extend it outward from the sampling sleeve 23 accelerates the discharge of soil samples from the sleeve 23. The powerful piston 254 is slidably fitted inside the sampling sleeve 23 or the telescopic rod 244, with its piston rod extending upward and connected to an electric or pneumatic push rod. A sealing ring is provided between the outer circumference of the powerful piston 254 and the inner wall of the piston chamber 251 to ensure airtightness.

[0039] Further explanation: When it is necessary to remove the soil sample from the sampling sleeve 23, the electric push rod drives the powerful piston 254 to move outward (i.e., downward) from the sampling sleeve 23. During the downward movement of the powerful piston 254, the gas inside the piston chamber 251 is compressed. The one-way valve of the first vent 252 closes, and the one-way valve of the second vent 253 opens, allowing the compressed gas to enter the top of the inner cavity of the sampling sleeve 23 through the second vent 253. The compressed gas forms a positive pressure chamber between the upper surface of the soil sample and the inner top surface of the sampling sleeve 23. This positive pressure pushes the soil sample downward, overcoming the frictional resistance and vacuum suction force between the soil sample and the sleeve wall, ultimately ejecting the soil sample completely.

[0040] The sampling sleeve 23 first uses a spiral lifting mechanism to progressively cut the soil sample to a predetermined depth. Then, the U-shaped load-bearing support 21, via the sampling sleeve 23, causes the soil sample to sway left and right until it breaks off at the bottom of the sampling position. It is worth noting that: Because the sampling sleeve 23 is simultaneously driven by rotation (from the belt pulley drive) and vertical movement (from the lifting platform 243), its actual trajectory in space is a spiral. That is, the sampling sleeve 23 rotates while simultaneously moving downwards (or upwards), cutting into or out of the soil in a progressive spiral cutting manner. This spiral cutting method has the following advantages compared to simple vertical downward pressure: It significantly reduces feed resistance, and the cutting action of the blade replaces the squeezing action, resulting in less disturbance to the original soil structure; The spiral soil guide blades (which can be installed on the inner or outer wall of the sampling sleeve 23) can guide the cut soil into the inner cavity of the sampling sleeve 23, thereby improving sampling efficiency. Sampling depth control is more precise.

[0041] The operation of sampling unit 2 can be divided into four stages: Spiral sampling: The servo motor drives the cutting actuator 24 to work, and the sampling sleeve 23 cuts the soil downwards in a spiral motion, gradually entering the deep soil layer. When the depth sensor (which can be set on the telescopic rod 244 or the lifting platform 243) detects that the preset sampling depth has been reached, the servo motor stops, and the sampling sleeve 23 stops feeding and rotating. At this time, a columnar soil sample with a length equal to the feeding depth is completely contained in the inner cavity of the sampling sleeve 23; Bottom Breakage: After the sampling sleeve 23 stops, the servo electric cylinder of the deflection driver 22 starts, driving the slider 221 to perform reciprocating linear motion. This motion, via the traction link 223 and the deflection disk 224, drives the load-bearing shaft 222 and the U-shaped load-bearing support 21 to reciprocate left and right, with a deflection angle of 0°-45° and a deflection frequency of 0.5-2Hz. The U-shaped load-bearing support 21 causes the sampling sleeve 23 and the soil sample inside to swing left and right together. This swinging motion applies alternating shear and bending stresses to the bottom of the soil sample (i.e., the position below the cutting edge of the sampling sleeve 23 where it connects with the deep parent soil). Because the shear and bending strengths of the soil are much lower than its compressive strength, under the repeated action of the alternating stresses, fatigue fracture occurs at the connection between the bottom of the soil sample and the parent soil. The soil sample is cleanly and neatly broken at the predetermined depth, rather than being irregularly torn. Lifting and Resetting: After the break is completed, the cutting driver 24 works in reverse, and the sampling sleeve 23 is lifted upward in a spiral motion until it is reset to the initial height position; Pressurized Sampling: After the sampling sleeve 23 is reset, the conveyor belt 313 of the sample delivery unit 3 moves to directly below the sampling sleeve 23. The pressurizer 25 operates, and the powerful piston 254 moves downward, injecting compressed gas into the inner cavity of the sampling sleeve 23, pushing the soil sample completely onto the conveyor belt 313.

[0042] Compared to existing equipment that uses a direct vertical extraction method, the bottom of the soil sample is irregularly torn during the lifting process, resulting in uncontrollable actual sampling volume each time. The sampling unit 2 uses a spiral cutting + deflection breaking mechanism to cleanly break off the bottom of the soil sample at a predetermined position, ensuring the consistency of sample length and volume for each sampling.

[0043] The sample feeding section 3 is located at the middle of the machine body 1, and includes a feeder 31 and a distributor 32: Firstly, the feeder 31 includes a U-shaped displacement bracket 311 that is horizontally slidably mounted at the middle position of the machine body 1, and its bottom is slidably connected to a horizontal linear guide rail fixed on the machine body 1 via a slider. The horizontal drive of the U-shaped displacement bracket 311 is realized by a first servo electric cylinder or a synchronous belt linear module.

[0044] A U-shaped lifting bracket 312 is vertically slidably mounted on the U-shaped displacement bracket 311. The two sides of the U-shaped lifting bracket 312 are slidably connected to the vertical linear guide rail set on the U-shaped displacement bracket 311 through sliders. The vertical drive of the U-shaped lifting bracket 312 is realized by a second servo electric cylinder or a screw jack, so that it can rise and fall in the vertical direction.

[0045] A conveyor belt 313, capable of tilting left and right by 0°-15°, is rotatably mounted on a U-shaped lifting support 312. The drive roller of the conveyor belt 313 is driven by a stepper motor or a DC geared motor, and the linear speed of the conveyor belt 313 is adjustable from 50-200 mm / s. The conveyor belt 313 is used to transport soil samples from left to right. More importantly, the overall frame of the conveyor belt 313 is pivotally mounted on the U-shaped lifting support 312, with the axis of the pivot arranged horizontally along the Y-axis. An electric push rod or a small hydraulic cylinder is located below the conveyor belt 313, with its end hinged to the bottom of the frame of the conveyor belt 313. The extension and retraction of the push rod allows the conveyor belt 313 to tilt left and right around the pivot by 0°-15°. The tilting and deflection function is particularly important when soil samples are discharged to the loading cylinder at the testing station 424: by tilting the conveyor belt 313 to the right, the soil sample can automatically slide into the loading cylinder located at the lower right under the action of gravity, avoiding manual dumping or complex robotic arm settings.

[0046] Secondly, the feeder 32 includes a gantry frame 321 fixedly installed at the middle of the machine body 1, spanning the movement path of the conveyor belt 313. A limiting fixture 322 is provided on the left side of the gantry frame 321. The limiting fixture 322 includes a Y-shaped jig 3221 and damping clamps 3223. The Y-shaped jig 3221 is located above the conveyor belt 313, and a damping clamp 3223 is installed at each end of it via a pin. The two damping clamps 3223 are arranged opposite each other to clamp the soil samples on the conveyor belt 313. The clamping surfaces of the damping clamps 3223 are provided with anti-slip textures or have rubber pads attached to them to increase the clamping friction. The two damping clamps 3223 are arranged opposite each other to form a pair of grippers. Furthermore, a servo telescopic device 3222 that is movably connected to the damping clamps 3223 is installed on the pin of the Y-shaped jig 3221. The servo telescopic device 3222 can be a miniature servo electric cylinder or a double-acting small cylinder. When the servo telescopic device 3222 extends, it drives the two damping clamps 3223 to swing inwards and towards each other around their respective pin axes, thereby clamping the soil sample. A downward-moving cutting element 323 is provided on the right side of the gantry 321, which is used to cut the soil sample into three equal parts from top to bottom.

[0047] The specific process is as follows: The first servo electric cylinder drives the U-shaped displacement bracket 311 to move to the right, moving the conveyor belt 313 carrying the soil sample to directly below the gantry 321 and the cutting component 323.

[0048] In some embodiments, the cutting element 323 includes: Cutting blade: Thin stainless steel blade or wire cutting wire is used, with a sharp cutting edge. The blade length is greater than the diameter of the soil sample.

[0049] Lifting drive mechanism: The cutting blade is mounted on a vertical lifting mechanism, which consists of a lead screw module or a rack and pinion mechanism driven by a servo motor and is fixed to the crossbeam of the gantry 321. The servo motor drives the cutting blade to move from top to bottom, cutting into the soil sample and dividing it into two or three segments.

[0050] In some embodiments, the cutting element 323 has two parallel cutting blades with equal spacing between them, each being one-third of the total length of the soil sample. A single cutting action can cut the soil sample into three segments of equal length (volume) at the same time.

[0051] It should be noted that: The cutting blade is mounted on a vertical lifting mechanism, which consists of a lead screw module or a rack and pinion mechanism driven by a servo motor and is fixed to the crossbeam of the gantry 321. The servo motor drives the cutting blade to move downwards, cutting into the soil sample and dividing it into two or three segments. The cutting element 323 has two parallel cutting blades, each one-third the total length of the soil sample. A single downward cutting motion can simultaneously cut the soil sample into three equal segments. The spacing between the cutting blades can be pre-adjusted and fixed according to the standard length of the soil sample, or the soil sample can be divided into three equal parts through the intermittent movement of the cutting element 323 and the conveyor belt 313.

[0052] Of the three sample segments, the leftmost segment (closest to the sampling section 2) remains on the conveyor belt 313, while the middle and rightmost soil samples are located in different areas of the conveyor belt 313 due to the presence of the cutting gap. By controlling the intermittent or inclined movement of the conveyor belt 313, the three soil samples can be transported to different loading cylinders in the detection section 4.

[0053] The advantage of sample delivery section 3 is that the entire process of sampling, delivery, sorting and testing is mechanically automated, eliminating the time consumption of manual handling, transfer and sorting. The multi-station parallel detection architecture enables simultaneous physical, chemical, and biological detection. The FDA's fluorescence method rapidly measures microbial activity, reducing the time required by traditional culture methods from two days to just 35 minutes.

[0054] The detection unit 4 is located at the right end of the body 1, and includes a feeder 41, a receiver 42, and an inspector 43. The detection unit 4 receives three equal portions of soil samples from the sample delivery unit 3 and loads the soil samples into the loading cylinders. The loading cylinders are then sequentially or simultaneously delivered to the physical, chemical, and biological detection sites via a rotary indexing mechanism. The corresponding detection modules then perform parallel multi-parameter detection. The feeder 41 is used to convey one loading cylinder at a time, and it includes a loading machine 411 that is vertically slidably installed at the right end of the gantry 321. The vertical drive of the loading machine 411 is achieved by a screw jack or a rack and pinion jack, which allows it to adjust its height in the vertical direction to match loading cylinders of different specifications or to adapt to receiving devices 42 of different heights, thus avoiding the loading cylinder from being pushed from too high a height and causing it to tip over.

[0055] The filling machine 411 has a vertical cavity 412, a receiving port 413, and a discharge port 414 that are connected to each other. The vertical cavity 412 is used to stack and store multiple empty filling cylinders. Under the action of gravity, the filling cylinders fall from the vertical cavity 412 to the horizontal position corresponding to the discharge port 414. A pusher plate 415 is installed at the receiving port 413 by a pin to push a filling cylinder through the discharge port 414 to the loading station 423. The pusher plate 415 is installed at the receiving port 413 by a torsion spring. A pressure wedge 416 is slidably installed on the filling machine 411 and moves against the upper end of the pusher plate 415. The pressure wedge 416 is driven by a small electromagnet or a micro cylinder and can move up and down in the vertical direction.

[0056] The lower end face of the pressure wedge 416 is an inclined or wedge-shaped surface. In its natural state, the elastic force of the torsion spring keeps the pusher plate 415 inside the receiving port 413. When it is necessary to push the loading cylinder outward, the pressure wedge 416 is pressed down to apply pressure to the upper end of the pusher plate 415, so that when the pusher plate 415 deflects during the lever operation, it pushes the loading cylinder, which is located at the discharge port 414, outward.

[0057] It should be noted that the wedge-shaped surface of the pressure wedge 416 contacts the upper end of the pusher plate 415, applying downward pressure to overcome the elastic force of the torsion spring and drive the pusher plate 415 to deflect around the pin axis towards the discharge port 414. The lower end of the pusher plate 415 pushes one of the loading cylinders in the receiving port 413 out of the discharge port 414, and the loading cylinder falls to the loading station 423 under the action of gravity. The pressure wedge 416 then resets upward, and the pusher plate 415 resets under the action of the torsion spring. The next loading cylinder falls from the vertical cavity 412 into the receiving port 413, waiting for the next push.

[0058] The receiving device 42 includes a load-bearing disc 421 fixedly mounted on the machine body 1, and a drive disc 422 rotatably mounted on the load-bearing disc 421. The rotation of the drive disc 422 is driven by a cam divider or a servo motor in conjunction with a reducer. The cam divider is driven by a continuously rotating ordinary motor, which can realize intermittent indexing rotational motion, with each rotation angle being 90°, resulting in high indexing accuracy and smooth movement.

[0059] The load-bearing disc 421 is equipped with a loading station 423 and a testing station 424, including physical, chemical, and biological testing stations, via a drive disc 422. The loading station 423 is located directly below the discharge port 414 and is used to receive empty material cylinders discharged from the feeder 41. The loading station 423 is equidistant from the physical, chemical, and biological testing stations. A discharge pusher 425 corresponding to the testing station 424 is slidably mounted on the load-bearing disc 421 to push the tested material cylinders out of the station. It should be noted that the physical testing station is 90° away from the loading station 423 (clockwise or counterclockwise) and is used to place material cylinders to be tested for physical parameters. The chemical testing station is 90° away from the physical testing station and is used to place material cylinders to be tested for chemical indicators. The chemical testing station is also 90° away from the physical testing station and is used to place material cylinders to be tested for biological activity.

[0060] The drive disc 422 has four corresponding workstation positions with loading cylinder placement holes. The loading cylinder is placed in the holes and rotates together with the drive disc 422.

[0061] The unloading pusher 425 corresponds to each position of the inspection station 424. The unloading pusher 425 is driven by a small cylinder or electromagnetic push rod, and can push the loading cylinder out of the placement hole of the drive disc 422 after the inspection is completed.

[0062] The tester 43 is used to test the soil sample divided into three equal parts at the corresponding testing station 424. It includes a load-bearing bracket 431 fixedly installed at the right end of the machine body 1. The load-bearing bracket 431 is equipped with a physical testing module 432, a chemical testing module 433, and a biological testing module 434 corresponding to the physical testing station, chemical testing station, and biological testing station.

[0063] In some implementation methods: The physical detection module 432 is located directly above or to the side of the physical detection position. The physical detection module 432 includes a mass weighing device, preferably a resistance strain gauge weighing sensor, and a moisture measuring device, preferably a capacitive moisture sensor or a halogen moisture analyzer. It is used to determine the wet weight and moisture content of soil samples and to calculate bulk density parameters. The chemical detection module 433 is located at the chemical detection position. The chemical detection module 433 includes multiple detection cells, a multi-channel reagent quantitative addition system, and a multi-wavelength photoelectric detection system. The multi-channel reagent quantitative addition system consists of a peristaltic pump or syringe pump and a reagent storage bottle, while the multi-wavelength photoelectric detection system consists of multiple wavelength LED light sources and photodetectors. Together, they are used to determine chemical indicators of soil samples, such as pH value, organic matter content, available nitrogen content, available phosphorus content, and available potassium content. The biodetection module 434 is located at the biodetection site. The biodetection module 434 includes a fluorescence detection chamber with temperature control, an ultraviolet excitation source, and a fluorescence signal detector, preferably a photomultiplier tube or a silicon photomultiplier tube. It is used to determine the microbial activity of soil samples using the fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis method.

[0064] In some implementations, once soil samples have been loaded into the loading cylinders of all three testing stations, the physical testing module 432, chemical testing module 433, and biological testing module 434 simultaneously or sequentially initiate the testing program to determine the physical parameters, chemical indicators, and microbial activity of the soil samples, respectively. The testing data is transmitted in real time to the equipment's central control system for recording and processing.

[0065] Existing equipment lacks a sample preprocessing step, and large particulate impurities and uneven sample conditions lead to large fluctuations in sensor readings and poor data stability.

[0066] In terms of average relative error, the average relative error of all indicators in the detection section 4 is controlled within 6.5% (the chemical indicators are less than 5%), which meets the accuracy requirements of rapid field detection; the average relative error of the chemical indicators of the existing equipment is between 7.8% and 10.2%, which is significantly lower in accuracy.

[0067] It should be noted that the specific models and specifications of the physical detection module 432, chemical detection module 433 and biological detection module 434 need to be selected and determined according to the actual specifications of the device. The specific selection calculation method adopts the existing technology in this field, so it will not be elaborated here.

[0068] The functional principle of this invention can be explained through the following operational methods: First, the body 1 is moved to the sampling position so that the sampling sleeve 23 is vertically aligned with the sampling position; Secondly, the drive shaft 241 controls the drive gear column 245 to rotate, and the driven gear 246 drives the threaded sleeve 242 to spiral down along the guide screw 247, which drives the lifting platform 243 to move vertically down. The lifting platform 243 drives the telescopic rod 244 to move down synchronously. At the same time, the threaded sleeve 242 drives the telescopic rod 244 to rotate through the belt 249, and then the drive slider 221 moves horizontally. Through the traction link 223, the deflection disk 224 and the load-bearing shaft 222 reciprocate, so that the C-shaped load-bearing support 21 and the sampling sleeve 23 swing left and right 0°-45°, so that the bottom of the soil sample breaks at the sampling position. Next, the sampling sleeve 23 is moved upwards to reset, and one end of the conveyor belt 313 is moved directly below the sampling sleeve 23. Then, the powerful piston 254 moves downwards, increasing the air pressure inside the sampling sleeve 23 and pushing the soil sample onto the conveyor belt 313. Next, the U-shaped displacement bracket 311 is moved horizontally to the right, causing the conveyor belt 313 to move below the gantry 321; then, the U-shaped lifting bracket 312 is moved vertically upwards, allowing the soil sample to enter the clamping area. The damping clamps 3223 on the Y-shaped fixture 3221, driven by the servo telescoping device 3222, clamp the soil sample towards each other, completing the positioning. Finally, the cutting component 323 moves from top to bottom, cutting the soil sample into three equal segments. Then, the pressure wedge 416 is controlled to move vertically downward to apply pressure to the upper end of the pusher plate 415. The pusher plate 415 deflects, pushing one loading cylinder from the outlet 414 to the loading station 423 each time. Then, the drive disc 422 is controlled to perform a step-by-step rotation motion of 90° / time until a loading cylinder is placed on each of the physical, chemical and biological detection positions of the detection station 424. By controlling the conveyor belt 313 to tilt to the right or run, the cut soil sample falls into the loading cylinder of the loading station 423, and each loading cylinder is loaded with an equal amount of soil sample. Finally, the physical detection module 432, chemical detection module 433 and biological detection module 434 respectively perform physical, chemical and biological detection on the soil samples located at the physical, chemical and biological detection sites, and simultaneously or at different times measure the physical parameters, chemical indicators and microbial activity indicators of the soil samples.

[0069] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A soil fertility testing device, comprising a body (1), characterized in that, The body (1) is provided with: The sampling unit (2) is located at the left end of the body (1) and includes a C-shaped load-bearing support (21) rotatably mounted on the body (1). The C-shaped load-bearing support (21) is movably mounted with a sampling sleeve (23) with a cutting edge at the lower end. The sampling sleeve (23) first cuts the soil sample to a predetermined depth by spiral lifting and lowering, and then the C-shaped load-bearing support (21) drives the soil sample to swing left and right until the bottom of the soil sample is broken off at the sampling position. The sample feeding section (3) is located at the middle of the machine body (1) and includes a feeder (31) and a distributor (32). The feeder (31) includes a conveyor belt (313) and the distributor (32) includes a cutter (323). The conveyor belt (313) is used to transport soil samples from left to right, and the cutter (323) is used to cut the soil samples from top to bottom into three equal parts. The detection unit (4) is located at the right end of the machine body (1) and includes a receiving device (42) located at the right end of the machine body (1). The receiving device (42) includes a load-bearing disc (421). A drive disc (422) is rotatably mounted on the load-bearing disc (421). The load-bearing disc (421) is provided with a feeding station (423) and a detection station (424) including physical detection station, chemical detection station and biological detection station through the drive disc (422). The right end of the machine body (1) is provided with an inspection device (43) for testing the three equal soil samples corresponding to the detection station (424). The inspection device (43) includes a physical detection module (432), a chemical detection module (433) and a biological detection module (434).

2. The soil fertility testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The left end of the body (1) is provided with a deflection driver (22) for driving the C-shaped load support (21) to reciprocate around its rotation axis by 0°-45°.

3. The soil fertility testing device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The deflection drive (22) includes a load-bearing shaft (222) rotatably mounted on the body (1) and fixedly connected to the drive C-shaped load support (21). A deflection disk (224) is fixedly connected to the end of the load-bearing shaft (222), and an eccentrically arranged traction link (223) is pin-connected to the deflection disk (224).

4. The soil fertility testing device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The C-shaped load-bearing support (21) is equipped with a cutting driver (24) for driving the sampling sleeve (23) to spiral up and down.

5. A soil fertility testing device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The cutting driver (24) includes a drive gear column (245) rotatably mounted on the machine body (1), and a threaded sleeve (242) and a guide screw (247) are provided on the U-shaped load support (21). A driven gear (246) that meshes with the drive gear column (245) is keyed on the threaded sleeve (242). A lifting platform (243) that is rotatably mounted on the threaded sleeve (242) and slidably mounted on the U-shaped load support (21) is rotatably mounted on the lifting platform (243). A telescopic straight rod (244) that is fixedly connected to the sampling sleeve (23) and driven to rotate by the threaded sleeve (242) is rotatably mounted on the lifting platform (243).

6. The soil fertility testing device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The telescopic rod (244) is equipped with a booster (25) that drives the soil sample in the sampling sleeve (23) to be discharged outward. The booster (25) includes a powerful piston (254) that is slidably fitted inside the sampling sleeve (23).

7. A soil fertility testing device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The feeder (32) also includes a limiting fixture (322), which includes a Y-shaped jig (3221) located above the conveyor belt (313). Both ends of the Y-shaped jig (3221) are equipped with damping clamps (3223) for clamping soil samples on the conveyor belt (313) in opposite directions.

8. A soil fertility testing device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The detection unit (4) also includes a feeder (41) for feeding one loading cylinder at a time to the loading station (423).

9. A soil fertility testing device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The feeder (41) includes a loading platform (411) located at the middle of the machine body (1). The loading platform (411) has a vertical cavity (412), a receiving port (413) and a discharge port (414) that are connected. A pusher plate (415) is installed at the receiving port (413) to push a loading cylinder through the discharge port (414) to the loading station (423).

10. A detection method for a soil fertility testing device as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The detection method includes the following steps: Step S1: Move the machine body (1) to the sampling position so that the sampling sleeve (23) is vertically aligned with the sampling position; Step S2: Control the drive gear column (245) to rotate, and drive the threaded sleeve (242) to spirally descend along the guide screw (247) through the driven gear (246). At the same time, drive the lifting platform (243) to move vertically downward. The lifting platform (243) drives the telescopic rod (244) to move downward synchronously. At the same time, the sampling sleeve (23) spirally cuts the soil sample to the predetermined depth through the blade. Then, the traction connecting rod (223) drives the deflection disk (224) to deflect left and right back and forth by 0°-45°, so that the bottom of the soil sample breaks off at the sampling position. Step S3: Control the sampling sleeve (23) to move upward so that one end of the conveyor belt (313) is located directly below the sampling sleeve (23). Use the powerful piston (254) to move downward to form positive pressure inside the sampling sleeve (23) and push the soil sample onto the conveyor belt (313). Then use the Y-shaped jig (3221) and damping clamp (3223) to clamp and limit the soil sample. Use the cutting part (323) to cut the soil sample into three equal parts. Step S4: Control the pusher plate (415) to deflect, push one loading cylinder from the outlet (414) to the loading station (423) each time, and then control the drive disc (422) to perform a step-by-step rotation motion of 90° / time until a loading cylinder is placed on the physical, chemical and biological detection stations of the detection station (424), and each loading cylinder is loaded with an equal amount of soil sample; Step S5: Control the physical detection module (432), chemical detection module (433) and biological detection module (434) to perform physical detection, chemical detection and biological detection on the soil samples located at the physical detection site, chemical detection site and biological detection site respectively, and simultaneously or at different times measure the physical parameters, chemical indicators and microbial activity indicators of the soil samples.

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