A power frequency electric field measurement system, method and device based on Rydberg atoms

Abstract

The application provides a measurement method based on a Rydberg atom power frequency electric field, and comprises the following steps: S1, coupling light is reversely and collinearly incident to an atomic cell, the frequency of detection light is locked, the coupling light is scanned, and an EIT spectrum is obtained; S2, by changing the frequency of a radio frequency electric field and recording the change of the maximum light intensity of the EIT spectrum, the frequency of the radio frequency electric field with the maximum electric field strength is determined as an optimal radio frequency carrier frequency; S3, by changing the amplitude of the radio frequency electric field and recording an AC Stark frequency shift spectrum, the effective measurement range of the radio frequency field strength is determined, and the middle value of the measurement range is selected as the amplitude of the radio frequency carrier; S4, a to-be-measured power frequency electric field is loaded as a modulation signal to the optimal radio frequency carrier, the optimal radio frequency carrier is amplitude-modulated, an amplitude-modulated electric field is generated and is transmitted to the atomic cell; and S5, an EIT spectrum signal of the Rydberg atom is collected in real time, a main peak frequency shift amount is extracted, and the power frequency electric field strength and frequency information are inversed according to the quantitative relationship between the frequency shift amount and the electric field amplitude.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electric field measurement technology, and in particular to a power frequency electric field measurement system, method and apparatus based on Rydberg atoms. Background Technology

[0002] Electric field measurement techniques based on Rydberg atoms leverage the high sensitivity of atoms to electric fields to achieve highly sensitive, wide-bandwidth electric field detection. However, at low frequencies (such as the power frequency of 50 Hz), this technique faces a critical bottleneck: the shielding effect of the atomic cell 7 on low-frequency electric fields. Since Rydberg atoms are typically alkali metal atoms, these atoms are placed in a glass container as electric field probes. These alkali metal atoms adsorb onto the inner surface of the glass container, forming an equipotential layer, which shields the low-frequency electric field. Only when the electric field oscillates at high frequencies can it penetrate the glass cell and be detected by the atoms.

[0003] Currently, to mitigate the shielding effect, solutions mainly fall into two categories: (1) Special material gas cell method: Atom gas cell 7 made of sapphire single crystal is used to reduce the shielding effect by utilizing its long electric field shielding time. This method has good electric field sensitivity in the range of several kHz, but it can only detect moving charged objects in power frequency electric field measurement and cannot achieve accurate measurement; (2) Built-in electrode method: Parallel metal plates are embedded inside the atomic gas chamber 7 to directly introduce the electric field to be measured into the gas chamber. However, this method is limited by the manufacturing process and cannot guarantee that the spacing between the built-in plates is consistent when the glass atomic gas chamber 7 is sealed, which will increase the uncertainty of electric field measurement.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to design a new power frequency electric field measurement system, method, and device based on Rydberg atoms to overcome the above-mentioned technical defects. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a power frequency electric field measurement system, method and device based on Rydberg atoms. By modulating the power frequency electric field onto a high frequency radio frequency carrier, the high frequency carrier can penetrate the air cell shielding layer, and the quantum measurement of the power frequency electric field can be realized without placing electrodes or special air cell materials inside the air cell.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a method for measuring the power frequency electric field based on Rydberg atoms, comprising the following steps: S1. The probe light of the first laser and the coupling light of the second detector are incident collinearly in opposite directions into the atomic gas cell. After locking the frequency of the probe light, the coupling light is scanned to obtain the EIT spectrum. S2. By changing the frequency of the radio frequency electric field and recording the change in the maximum light intensity of the EIT spectrum, the radio frequency frequency that maximizes the electric field intensity in the atomic gas chamber is determined as the optimal radio frequency carrier frequency. S3. At the optimal radio frequency carrier frequency, by changing the radio frequency electric field amplitude and recording the AC Stark frequency shift spectrum, the effective measurement range of the radio frequency field strength is determined, and the median value of the measurement range is selected as the radio frequency carrier amplitude. S4. The power frequency electric field to be measured is loaded onto the optimal radio frequency carrier as a modulation signal, and the optimal radio frequency carrier is amplitude modulated to generate an amplitude-modulated electric field and transmit it to the atomic gas cell. S5. Real-time acquisition of EIT spectrum signals of Rydberg atoms in the atomic gas chamber, extraction of main peak frequency shift, and inversion of power frequency electric field strength and frequency information based on the quantitative relationship between frequency shift and electric field amplitude.

[0007] Preferably, the specific processing procedure of step S1 is as follows: the probe light generated by the first laser passes through the atomic gas cell, and the coupling light output by the second laser enters the atomic gas cell, so that the probe light and the coupling light are collinear in opposite directions in the atomic gas cell. The frequency locking controller locks the frequency of the probe light of the first controller at the center frequency of the atomic reference spectrum in real time. The frequency locking controller stabilizes the frequency of the probe light by the saturated absorption spectroscopy frequency stabilization method. The scanning range of the coupling light is adjusted to excite the atom from the intermediate state to the Rydberg state to form a step-type three-level EIT spectrum.

[0008] Preferably, the specific processing procedure of step S2 is as follows: a high-frequency radio frequency carrier signal and the power frequency electric field to be measured are generated by a signal generator; the power frequency electric field to be measured is loaded onto the high-frequency radio frequency carrier as a modulation signal using a mixer to generate an amplitude-modulated electric field; a radio frequency voltage is applied to both ends of the parallel plates through the amplitude-modulated electric field; the frequency of the radio frequency electric field is gradually changed; the change in the maximum light intensity of the EIT spectrum is recorded; and the radio frequency that maximizes the electric field intensity in the atomic gas chamber is determined based on the curve of the EIT spectrum intensity versus the radio frequency, which is taken as the optimal radio frequency carrier frequency.

[0009] Preferably, the specific processing procedure of step S3 is as follows: apply an optimal radio frequency electric field to both ends of the parallel plates, gradually change the electric field strength between the parallel plates, record the corresponding EIT spectrum, and form a contour profile of the AC Stark frequency shift curve under different radio frequency electric field amplitudes. Based on the relative intensity changes of the main peak and the radio frequency induced sideband in the EIT spectrum, the effective measurement range of the radio frequency field strength is determined, and the median value of the measurement range is selected as the radio frequency carrier amplitude.

[0010] Preferably, the specific processing procedure of step S4 is as follows: using the power frequency electric field to be measured as the modulation signal, amplitude modulation is performed on the optimal radio frequency carrier to modulate the amplitude-modulated electric field. E AM for: (1); Among them, E RF For the radio frequency carrier amplitude, k=EPF / E RF k is the modulation depth, E PF The amplitude of the power frequency electric field. t For time, ω PF ω RF The power frequency and radio frequency are respectively used; the amplitude-modulated electric field is transmitted to the atomic gas cell through parallel plates.

[0011] Preferably, the specific processing procedure of step S5 is as follows: under the action of amplitude-modulated electric field, the Rydberg atoms in the atomic gas chamber are subjected to AC Stark frequency shift of the EIT spectrum by the radio frequency carrier, and the power frequency modulation wave causes the EIT spectrum to oscillate periodically around this center. The relationship between the EIT spectral frequency shift and the radio frequency electric field amplitude is as follows: (2); in, α DC denoted as the DC electric field polarizability of the Rydberg atom; The photodetector receives the optical signal from the EIT spectrum in the atomic gas chamber and converts it into an electrical signal. The electrical signal from the photodetector is acquired in real time by a data acquisition card. The frequency shift of the main peak is extracted from the EIT spectrum, and the frequency shift is used to back-calculate the electric field amplitude. The modulation wave frequency is obtained by fitting a sine wave function, thereby obtaining the intensity and frequency information of the power frequency electric field.

[0012] A measurement system for measuring power frequency electric fields based on Rydberg atoms includes: a first laser, a frequency-locked controller, a second laser, a dichroic mirror, a signal generator, a mixer, an atomic gas cell, and a photodetector. The atomic gas chamber is provided with parallel plates electrically connected to the mixer on both sides. The first laser is electrically connected to the frequency lock controller. The atomic gas chamber and the parallel plates are distributed between the first laser and the dichroic mirror. The second laser and the photodetector are distributed adjacent to the dichroic mirror. The signal generator is electrically connected to the mixer. The mixer is electrically connected to the parallel plates.

[0013] A computer device includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of a measurement method based on a Rydberg atomic power frequency electric field.

[0014] A readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of a method for measuring power frequency electric fields based on Rydberg atoms.

[0015] Compared with existing technologies, the advantages are that (1) by modulating the power frequency electric field onto a high frequency radio frequency carrier, the high frequency carrier can penetrate the air cell shielding layer, and the quantum measurement of the power frequency electric field can be achieved without placing electrodes or special air cell materials inside the air cell.

[0016] (2) Systematic parameter optimization: By systematically studying the influence of radio frequency carrier frequency on the electric field strength in atomic gas cell 7 and the response characteristics of EIT spectrum under radio frequency field, the selection of radio frequency carrier frequency and amplitude was optimized, providing a basis for parameter setting in the measurement process.

[0017] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the following description, and in part will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The features and advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the elements and combinations specifically pointed out in the appended claims. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a measurement method based on the power frequency electric field of the Rydberg atom.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a measurement system based on the power frequency electric field of the Rydberg atom.

[0021] Reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. First laser; 2. Frequency lock controller; 3. Second laser; 4. Dichroic mirror; 5. Signal generator; 6. Mixer; 7. Atomic gas cell; 8. Photodetector. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and beneficial effects of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described in this specification are merely for explaining the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0023] It should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention.

[0024] It should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, terms such as "installation," "connection," "linking," "fixing," and "setting" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0025] Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first," "second," or "third" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. Additionally, "multiple" and "several" mean two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0026] Please see Figures 1 to 2 This invention provides a method for measuring the power frequency electric field based on Rydberg atoms, comprising the following steps: S1. The probe light of the first laser 1 and the coupling light of the second detector are incident collinearly in opposite directions into the atomic gas cell 7. After locking the frequency of the probe light, the coupling light is scanned to obtain the EIT spectrum.

[0027] Specifically, the probe light generated by the first laser 1 passes through the atomic gas cell 7, and the coupling light output by the second laser 3 enters the atomic gas cell 7, causing the probe light and the coupling light to be collinear and anti-linear within the atomic gas cell 7. The frequency locking controller 2 locks the frequency of the probe light from the first controller to the center frequency of the atomic reference spectral line in real time. The frequency locking controller 2 locks the frequency of the probe light to 6S using the saturated absorption spectral frequency stabilization method. 1 / 2 (F=4) → 6P 3 / 2 (F=5) Energy level resonance frequency, keep the probe light frequency fixed, adjust the scanning range of the coupling light (1MHz to 240MHz) to move the atom from the intermediate state 6P 3 / 2 Further stimulate the 51S to the Ridgeberg state 1 / 2 This forms a stepped three-level EIT spectrum.

[0028] S2. By changing the frequency of the radio frequency electric field and recording the change in the maximum light intensity of the EIT spectrum, the radio frequency frequency that maximizes the electric field intensity inside the atomic gas cell 7 is determined as the optimal radio frequency carrier frequency.

[0029] Specifically, a high-frequency radio frequency carrier signal and the power frequency electric field to be measured are generated by signal generator 5. A mixer 6 uses the power frequency electric field to be measured as a modulation signal applied to the high-frequency radio frequency carrier to generate an amplitude-modulated electric field. A radio frequency voltage is applied across the parallel plates using the amplitude-modulated electric field, gradually changing the frequency of the radio frequency electric field (preferably from 1 MHz to 240 MHz), and recording the change in the maximum intensity of the EIT spectrum. The maximum intensity of the EIT spectrum directly reflects the actual radio frequency electric field strength acting on the Rydberg atoms, i.e., the actual electric field strength inside the atomic gas chamber 7. Based on the curve of EIT spectral intensity versus radio frequency, the radio frequency frequency (preferably 120 MHz) that maximizes the electric field strength inside the atomic gas chamber 7 is determined as the optimal radio frequency carrier frequency.

[0030] S3. At the optimal radio frequency carrier frequency, by changing the radio frequency electric field amplitude and recording the AC Stark frequency shift spectrum, the effective measurement range of the radio frequency field strength is determined, and the median value of the measurement range is selected as the radio frequency carrier amplitude.

[0031] Specifically, an optimal radio frequency electric field (120 MHz) is applied to both ends of the parallel plates, the electric field strength between the parallel plates is gradually changed, the corresponding EIT spectrum is recorded, and contour profiles of AC Stark frequency shift curves under different radio frequency electric field amplitudes are formed.

[0032] Based on the relative intensity changes of the main peak and the RF-induced sideband in the EIT spectrum, the effective measurement range of the RF field strength is determined. The median value of the measurement range is selected as the RF carrier amplitude (preferably 2 V / cm) to ensure that the measurement range is fully utilized while ensuring that the power frequency modulation field is fully reflected in the EIT spectrum.

[0033] S4. The power frequency electric field to be measured is loaded onto the optimal radio frequency carrier as a modulation signal, and the optimal radio frequency carrier is amplitude modulated to generate an amplitude-modulated electric field and transmit it to the atomic gas cell 7.

[0034] Specifically, the power frequency electric field under test is used as the modulation signal to amplitude modulate the optimal radio frequency carrier (120 MHz, 2 V / cm). The amplitude-modulated electric field can be expressed as: (1); Among them, E RF For the radio frequency carrier amplitude, k=E PF / E RF For modulation depth (0 <k<1),E PF The amplitude of the power frequency electric field. t For time, ωPF ω RF Power frequency and radio frequency angular frequency, respectively; The amplitude-modulated electric field is transmitted to the atomic gas chamber 7 through parallel plates.

[0035] S5. Real-time acquisition of EIT spectral signals, extraction of main peak frequency shift, and inversion of power frequency electric field strength and frequency information based on the quantitative relationship between frequency shift and electric field amplitude.

[0036] Specifically, in the atomic gas chamber 7, under the action of the amplitude-modulated electric field, the radio frequency carrier causes the EIT spectrum to undergo an AC Stark frequency shift, and the power frequency modulation wave causes the EIT spectrum to oscillate periodically around this point. The relationship between the EIT spectral frequency shift and the radio frequency electric field amplitude is as follows: (2); in, α DC denoted as , where is the DC electric field polarizability of the Rydberg atom.

[0037] The photodetector 8 receives the optical signal of the EIT spectrum in the atomic gas chamber 7 and converts it into an electrical signal. The electrical signal of the photodetector 8 is collected in real time by the data acquisition card. The main peak frequency shift is extracted from the EIT spectrum. The frequency shift is back-calculated to the electric field amplitude using equation (2). The modulation wave frequency is obtained by fitting the sine wave function, thereby obtaining the intensity and frequency information of the power frequency electric field.

[0038] The present invention also provides a power frequency electric field measurement system based on Rydberg atoms, comprising: a first laser 1, a frequency lock controller 2, a second laser 3, a dichroic mirror 4, a signal generator 5, a mixer 6, an atomic gas cell 7, and a photodetector 8. The atomic gas chamber 7 is provided with parallel electrode plates on both sides that are electrically connected to the mixer. The first laser 1 is electrically connected to the frequency lock controller 2. The atomic gas chamber 7 and the parallel electrode plates are distributed between the first laser 1 and the dichroic mirror 4. The second laser 3 and the photodetector 8 are distributed adjacent to the dichroic mirror 4. The signal generator 5 is electrically connected to the mixer 6. The first laser 1 is used to generate probe light, which moves cesium atoms from their ground state 6S 1 / 2 Excited to the intermediate state 6P 3 / 2 The second laser 3 is used to generate coupling light, which propels atoms from the intermediate state 6P. 3 / 2 Further stimulate the 51S to the Ridgeberg state 1 / 2 This forms a stepped three-level EIT system. The frequency-locking controller 2 locks the probe light frequency to 6S using the saturated absorption spectroscopy frequency stabilization method. 1 / 2 (F=4) → 6P 3 / 2 (F=5) Energy level resonance frequency, The atomic gas chamber 7 serves as the site for the interaction between light and atoms, and is used to encapsulate cesium atomic vapor. The signal generator 5 is used to generate a high-frequency radio frequency carrier signal and a power frequency electric field to be measured. The mixer 6 is used to load the power frequency electric field to be measured as a modulation signal onto the high-frequency radio frequency carrier to generate an amplitude-modulated electric field. The parallel plates are used to transmit the amplitude-modulated electric field to the atomic gas chamber 7. The photodetector 8 is used to receive the probe light passing through the gas chamber and convert it into an electrical signal.

[0039] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the first laser 1 can be an 852nm laser with a center wavelength of 852.356 nm, a power of 10 mW, and a corresponding energy level excitation of 6S. 1 / 2 → 6P 3 / 2 The second laser 3 can be a 509nm laser with a center wavelength of 509.819 nm and a power of 100 mW, corresponding to a 6P excitation level. 3 / 2 → 51S 1 / 2 The atomic gas chamber is filled with 133 Cs atomic vapor has an internal vacuum level better than 1×10⁻⁶. -5 The parallel plates are made of copper, measuring 2 cm in length, 2 cm in width, and 2 mm in diameter. The locking accuracy of the frequency lock controller is less than ±150 kHz@24 h, and a 1.3 MHz sine wave is used as the modulation signal. The parallel plates are made of copper, measuring 2 cm in length, 2 cm in width, and 2 mm in thickness, with a distance of 3 cm between the plates.

[0040] Thus, the probe light output from the first laser 1 passes through the atomic gas cell 7, while the frequency lock controller 2 locks the probe light frequency of the first controller at the center frequency of the atomic reference spectrum in real time, thereby suppressing frequency drift caused by environmental disturbances. The coupling light output from the second laser 3 is refracted by the dichroic mirror 4 and enters the atomic gas cell 7 to achieve anti-collinearity with the probe light. Under appropriate power, alkali metal atoms can be excited from the ground state to the Rydberg state.

[0041] To address the shielding effect of the atomic gas chamber 7 on low-frequency electric fields, amplitude modulation technology can be used to apply the power frequency electric field to be measured (50Hz) as a modulation signal onto a high-frequency radio frequency carrier (preferably 120 MHz). By systematically studying the response of Rydberg atoms in the atomic gas chamber 7 at different radio frequency carrier frequencies, and analyzing the combined influence of the gas chamber shielding effect and the radio frequency response of the plates at different frequencies, the radio frequency that maximizes the electric field strength inside the atomic gas chamber 7 can be optimized.

[0042] By studying the AC Stark frequency shift spectral characteristics under different radio frequency electric field amplitudes, the radio frequency carrier amplitude is optimized from the perspectives of feature recognition and extraction, as well as the measurement range of the power frequency electric field. Under optimized parameter configuration, the amplitude-modulated electric field is transmitted to the atomic gas cell 7 through parallel plates. The photodetector 8 receives the probe light signal and converts it into an electrical signal. After being acquired by the data acquisition card, the data processing system extracts the main peak frequency shift from the EIT spectrum. The power frequency electric field intensity is inverted using the quantitative relationship between the frequency shift and the electric field amplitude, and the power frequency electric field frequency is obtained by fitting a sine wave function.

[0043] In summary, the advantages and positive effects of this invention are as follows: (1) Fundamentally bypass the low-frequency shielding effect: By modulating the power frequency electric field onto the high-frequency radio frequency carrier, the high-frequency carrier can penetrate the air cell shielding layer, and the quantum measurement of the power frequency electric field can be achieved without placing electrodes or special air cell materials inside the air cell. (2) Systematic parameter optimization: By systematically studying the influence of radio frequency carrier frequency on the electric field strength in atomic gas cell 7 and the response characteristics of EIT spectrum under radio frequency field, the selection of radio frequency carrier frequency and amplitude was optimized, providing a basis for parameter setting in the measurement process.

[0044] The core idea of ​​this invention is to prepare 51S cesium atoms in a room-temperature cesium atom gas cell 7 using 852 nm probe light and 509 nm coupling light. 1 / 2 Rydberg atoms; to address the shielding effect of the atomic gas chamber 7 on the low-frequency electric field, the power frequency electric field to be measured (50 Hz) is applied as a modulation signal to a high-frequency radio frequency carrier (preferably 120 MHz); by studying the response degree of the Rydberg atoms in the atomic gas chamber 7 under different radio frequency carrier frequencies, the combined influence process of the gas chamber shielding effect and the plate frequency response is analyzed, and the radio frequency frequency that maximizes the electric field strength in the atomic gas chamber 7 is selected; by studying the ACStark frequency shift spectrum characteristics under different radio frequency electric field amplitudes, the radio frequency carrier amplitude is selected.

[0045] With optimized parameter configuration, the amplitude-modulated electric field is transmitted to the atomic gas cell 7 through parallel plates. The photodetector 8 receives the detection light signal and converts it into an electrical signal. After being acquired by the data acquisition card, the main peak frequency shift is extracted from the EIT spectrum. The power frequency electric field intensity is inverted by using the quantitative relationship between the frequency shift and the electric field amplitude. The power frequency electric field frequency is obtained by fitting a sine wave function.

[0046] The present invention also provides a computer, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the measurement method based on the Rydberg atomic power frequency electric field.

[0047] The present invention also provides a readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the measurement method based on the Rydberg atomic power frequency electric field.

[0048] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of this application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, this application can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, this application can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-readable storage media containing computer-usable program code (but not limited to phase-change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other types of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory, or other optical, magnetic storage media, etc.).

[0049] The computer-readable storage medium provided in the above embodiments of this application and the method provided in the embodiments of this application are based on the same inventive concept and have the same beneficial effects as the methods adopted, run or implemented by the applications stored therein.

[0050] This application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of this application. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart... Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0051] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0052] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0053] The present invention is not limited to the description in the specification and embodiments, and thus other advantages and modifications can be readily realized by those skilled in the art. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific details, representative devices and illustrated examples shown and described herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the general concept as defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for measuring the power frequency electric field based on Rydberg atoms, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. The probe light of the first laser and the coupling light of the second detector are incident collinearly in opposite directions into the atomic gas cell. After locking the frequency of the probe light, the coupling light is scanned to obtain the EIT spectrum. S2. By changing the frequency of the radio frequency electric field and recording the change in the maximum light intensity of the EIT spectrum, the radio frequency frequency that maximizes the electric field intensity in the atomic gas chamber is determined as the optimal radio frequency carrier frequency. S3. At the optimal radio frequency carrier frequency, by changing the radio frequency electric field amplitude and recording the AC Stark frequency shift spectrum, the effective measurement range of the radio frequency field strength is determined, and the median value of the measurement range is selected as the radio frequency carrier amplitude. S4. The power frequency electric field to be measured is loaded onto the optimal radio frequency carrier as a modulation signal, and the optimal radio frequency carrier is amplitude modulated to generate an amplitude-modulated electric field and transmit it to the atomic gas cell. S5. Real-time acquisition of EIT spectrum signals of Rydberg atoms in the atomic gas chamber, extraction of main peak frequency shift, and inversion of power frequency electric field strength and frequency information based on the quantitative relationship between frequency shift and electric field amplitude.

2. The measurement method based on the power frequency electric field of Rydberg atoms as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The specific processing procedure of step S1 is as follows: the probe light generated by the first laser passes through the atomic gas cell, and the coupling light output by the second laser enters the atomic gas cell, so that the probe light and the coupling light are collinear in opposite directions in the atomic gas cell. The frequency locking controller locks the frequency of the probe light of the first controller at the center frequency of the atomic reference spectrum in real time. The frequency locking controller stabilizes the frequency of the probe light by the saturated absorption spectroscopy frequency stabilization method. The scanning range of the coupling light is adjusted to excite the atom from the intermediate state to the Rydberg state to form a step-type three-level EIT spectrum.

3. The measurement method based on the power frequency electric field of Rydberg atoms as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The specific processing procedure of step S2 is as follows: a high-frequency radio frequency carrier signal and the power frequency electric field to be measured are generated by a signal generator. The power frequency electric field to be measured is loaded onto the high-frequency radio frequency carrier as a modulation signal using a mixer to generate an amplitude-modulated electric field. Radio frequency voltage is applied to both ends of the parallel plates through the amplitude-modulated electric field, and the frequency of the radio frequency electric field is gradually changed. The change of the maximum light intensity of the EIT spectrum is recorded. Based on the curve of the EIT spectrum intensity changing with the radio frequency frequency, the radio frequency frequency that maximizes the electric field intensity in the atomic gas chamber is determined as the optimal radio frequency carrier frequency.

4. The measurement method based on the power frequency electric field of Rydberg atoms as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The specific processing procedure of step S3 is as follows: Apply an optimal radio frequency electric field to both ends of the parallel plates, gradually change the electric field strength between the parallel plates, record the corresponding EIT spectrum, and form a contour profile of the AC Stark frequency shift curve under different radio frequency electric field amplitudes. Based on the relative intensity changes of the main peak and the radio frequency induced sideband in the EIT spectrum, the effective measurement range of the radio frequency field strength is determined, and the median value of the measurement range is selected as the radio frequency carrier amplitude.

5. The measurement method based on the power frequency electric field of Rydberg atoms as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The specific processing procedure of step S4 is as follows: using the power frequency electric field to be measured as the modulation signal, amplitude modulation is performed on the optimal radio frequency carrier to modulate the electric field. E AM for: （1）； Among them, E RF For the radio frequency carrier amplitude, k=E PF / E RF k is the modulation depth, E PF The amplitude of the power frequency electric field. t For time, ω PF ω RF The power frequency and radio frequency are respectively used; the amplitude-modulated electric field is transmitted to the atomic gas cell through parallel plates.

6. The measurement method based on the power frequency electric field of Rydberg atoms as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The specific processing procedure of step S5 is as follows: Under the action of amplitude-modulated electric field, the Rydberg atoms in the atomic gas chamber are subjected to AC Stark frequency shift of the EIT spectrum by the radio frequency carrier, and the power frequency modulation wave causes the EIT spectrum to oscillate periodically around this center. The relationship between the EIT spectral frequency shift and the radio frequency electric field amplitude is as follows: （2）； in, α DC denoted as the DC electric field polarizability of the Rydberg atom; The photodetector receives the optical signal from the EIT spectrum in the atomic gas chamber and converts it into an electrical signal. The electrical signal from the photodetector is acquired in real time by a data acquisition card. The frequency shift of the main peak is extracted from the EIT spectrum, and the frequency shift is used to back-calculate the electric field amplitude. The modulation wave frequency is obtained by fitting a sine wave function, thereby obtaining the intensity and frequency information of the power frequency electric field.

7. A measurement system for a power frequency electric field measurement method based on Rydberg atoms as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, include: The system includes a first laser, a frequency-locked controller, a second laser, a dichroic mirror, a signal generator, a mixer, an atomic gas cell, and a photodetector. The atomic gas chamber is provided with parallel plates electrically connected to the mixer on both sides. The first laser is electrically connected to the frequency lock controller. The atomic gas chamber and the parallel plates are distributed between the first laser and the dichroic mirror. The second laser and the photodetector are distributed adjacent to the dichroic mirror. The signal generator is electrically connected to the mixer. The mixer is electrically connected to the parallel plates.

8. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the steps of the measurement method based on the power frequency electric field of the Rydberg atom as described in any one of claims 1-6.

9. A readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When executed by a processor, the program implements the steps of the power frequency electric field measurement method based on Rydberg atoms as described in any one of claims 1-6.

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