Data processing-based open pit blasting process risk analysis method and system

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of data processing technology and proposes a risk analysis method and system for open-pit blasting processes based on data processing. The method includes: extracting borehole-related data and lithological data based on blasting design documents, construction survey records, and a three-dimensional geological model; constructing a lithological grid based on the lithological data; constructing a lithological grid path sequence for the boreholes based on the lithological grid; obtaining the boundary crossing support of the boreholes; obtaining the residual strength direction of the boreholes, thereby obtaining the lithological premise offset of the boreholes; obtaining the fracture bearing mismatch of the borehole pairs; obtaining several candidate risk zones based on the positive and negative relationship and distribution of the fracture bearing mismatch of the borehole pairs; obtaining the continuous risk zone formation degree of each candidate risk zone; and performing threshold judgment on the candidate risk zones, followed by adjustment and design execution. This invention aims to solve the problem that borehole deviation analysis does not consider whether lithological boundaries are crossed, which may lead to continuous risks during blasting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of data processing technology, and more specifically to a method and system for risk analysis of open-pit blasting processes based on data processing. Background Technology

[0002] In open-pit mine bench blasting, a geological model of the blasting area is usually established first based on exploration borehole data, geological logging, lithological distribution, bench height, and free surface conditions. Then, boreholes are arranged on the model, and the hole spacing, row spacing, hole depth, charge quantity, and electronic detonator delay time are determined. During the construction phase, boreholes are laid out according to the design coordinates. After drilling is completed, the actual borehole coordinates are measured using RTK, total station, or drilling rig positioning system, and the horizontal deviation between the actual borehole position and the design borehole position is used as the basis for construction quality inspection.

[0003] Current methods typically use fixed deviation thresholds to determine borehole qualification. While this approach can detect significant borehole deviations, it doesn't further assess whether the deviation path crosses lithological boundaries. In homogeneous rock areas, large deviations may remain within the same lithological unit. However, at the interface between hard and soft rocks, weathering zone boundaries, areas with well-developed interlayers, or areas with dense joints and fractures, even small deviations can cause a borehole to shift from the designed rock mass to a fractured zone or weak interlayer. When the actual lithology encountered by a borehole changes, the energy attenuation of the charge in a single borehole, the fracture propagation rate, and the stress wave propagation velocity will all deviate from the design assumptions. The delay time between adjacent boreholes, originally determined by the designed borehole spacing and lithology, may no longer be suitable for actual inter-bore fracture bearing capacity when the lithological premise of one or more boreholes shifts, even if the original delay time remains within the empirical range. Furthermore, current blasting design and construction reviews often output overall risk levels, making it difficult to pinpoint the source of risk: whether it's a shift in borehole lithological premises, a mismatch in borehole pair delay bearing capacity, or a continuous risk zone formed along the free surface, slope, or protected object direction by the mismatched borehole pair. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a data processing-based risk analysis method and system for open-pit blasting processes to address the problem that existing borehole deviation analyses do not consider whether lithological boundaries are crossed, which could lead to continuous risks during blasting. The specific technical solution adopted is as follows: This invention proposes a risk analysis method for open-pit blasting processes based on data processing. The method includes the following steps: Based on blasting design documents, construction survey records, and three-dimensional geological models, relevant data and lithological data of blast holes are extracted, and a lithological grid is constructed based on the lithological data; Based on the designed and actual borehole locations, a lithological grid path sequence for the boreholes is constructed according to the lithological grid. Combining the lithological type and boundary markers of the lithological grid, the boundary crossing support of the boreholes is obtained. The difference in compressive strength between the lithological grids corresponding to the designed and actual borehole locations is analyzed to obtain the residual strength in the borehole direction, thereby obtaining the lithological premise offset of the boreholes. The distribution of adjacent boreholes, detonator delay time, and wave velocity corresponding to the actual lithology are analyzed to obtain the fracture bearing mismatch of the borehole pair. Based on the positive and negative relationship and distribution of the fracture bearing mismatch of the hole pairs, segments of continuous hole pairs with premature bearing and segments with delayed bearing are constructed to obtain several candidate risk zones. Based on the fracture bearing mismatch of each candidate risk zone segment, the intra-segment mismatch intensity of each candidate risk zone segment is obtained. Combined with the continuous distribution direction of the hole pairs in the candidate risk zone segments, the degree of continuous risk zone formation of each candidate risk zone segment is obtained. Based on the formation degree of the continuous risk zone in the blasting area, the threshold judgment of the candidate risk zone segment is carried out, and the adjustment and design are implemented in combination with the lithological premise offset of the borehole and the fracture bearing mismatch of the borehole pair.

[0005] Optionally, the specific method for constructing the lithological grid path sequence for boreholes includes: With the first Taking a borehole as the object, the lithological grid where the designed borehole location is located is used as the starting grid of the path, and the lithological grid where the actual borehole location is located is used as the ending grid of the path. The starting grid of the path and the ending grid of the path are connected, and several lithological grid units are read sequentially in the direction pointing to the ending grid of the path to form the lithological grid path sequence of the borehole.

[0006] Optionally, the boundary of the borehole spans the support amount, and the specific method for obtaining this amount is as follows: For the first In the lithological grid path sequence of each borehole, the lithological types of adjacent lithological grids are compared. If the lithological types of any adjacent lithological grids are different, or the corresponding boundary markers change, the adjacent lithological grids are recorded as a valid boundary crossing. The number of effective boundary crossings in the lithological grid path sequence is counted, and the ratio of this number to the total number of comparisons between adjacent lithological grids in the lithological grid path sequence is used as the boundary crossing support of the borehole.

[0007] Optionally, the specific method for obtaining the residual strength in the borehole direction and thus the lithological premise offset of the borehole includes: Get the The difference between the compressive strength of the lithological grid corresponding to the designed borehole position and the compressive strength of the lithological grid corresponding to the actual borehole position is used to obtain the range of compressive strength of all lithological grid units in the blasting area. The ratio of the obtained difference to the range of compressive strength is used as the strength directional residual of the borehole. The first The boundary of each borehole spans the product of the support amount and the residual amount in the strength direction, which is used as the lithological premise offset of that borehole.

[0008] Optionally, the specific method for obtaining the breakage bearing mismatch of the hole pair includes: With the first The first blast hole and the first Each borehole is considered as a borehole pair, and the actual borehole position, actual borehole distance, borehole pair direction, and detonator delay time of the two boreholes are obtained. The borehole pair direction is determined by the detonation sequence of the two boreholes. Based on the actual borehole positions of the two boreholes, the wave velocity of the corresponding lithological grid is obtained. Combined with the actual borehole distance and fracture propagation reference velocity, the actual fracture bearing window of the borehole pair is obtained. The difference between the detonator delay time of the later-detonated hole and the detonator delay time of the earlier-detonated hole is used as the design delay time difference for the hole pair; the difference between the lower limit of the window and the design delay time difference is obtained, and the first ratio is obtained by comparing the lower limit of the window; the maximum value between the first ratio and 0 is used as the advance residual amount for the hole pair. Obtain the difference between the design delay time difference and the upper limit of the window, and compare it with the upper limit of the window to obtain a second ratio. The maximum value between the second ratio and 0 is taken as the hysteresis residual of the hole pair. The difference between the advance residual amount and the hysteresis residual amount of the hole pair is taken as the breakage mismatch amount of the hole pair.

[0009] Optionally, the specific methods for obtaining several candidate risk band segments include: For several adjacent blast holes in the entire blast zone, hole pairs are constructed and the fracture bearing mismatch is obtained. Based on the positive and negative relationship of the fracture bearing mismatch, the hole pairs are divided into sets of premature bearing hole pairs and sets of delayed bearing hole pairs. The hole pairs in the same set are mapped to the planar topology of the blast zone, and the connection relationship between the hole pairs is based on the shared blast holes, adjacent in the same row, adjacent in front and behind rows, or spatial distance satisfying the adjacency condition. For the set of premature bearing hole pairs, several premature bearing continuous hole pair segments are constructed along the free surface direction and the step boundary direction, based on the connection relationship between the hole pairs; for the set of delayed bearing hole pairs, several delayed bearing continuous hole pair segments are constructed along the slope direction, the protected object direction and the main propagation direction, based on the connection relationship between the hole pairs. Both the prematurely connected continuous hole pairs and the delayed connected continuous hole pairs are considered as candidate risk zones.

[0010] Optionally, the specific method for obtaining the intra-segment mismatch intensity of each candidate segment of the risk zone includes: For any candidate risk zone segment, the average absolute value of the fracture mismatch of all hole pairs within the candidate risk zone segment is taken as the intra-segment mismatch strength of the candidate risk zone segment.

[0011] Optionally, the method for obtaining the continuous risk zone formation degree of each candidate risk zone segment by combining the continuous distribution direction performance of the holes in the candidate risk zone segments is as follows: Based on the continuous distribution direction of the holes in the candidate segments of the risk zone, the continuous direction coefficient of the candidate segments of the risk zone is obtained. The product of the intra-segment mismatch intensity and the continuous direction coefficient of any candidate risk zone segment, and the result after normalization, is taken as the degree of continuous risk zone formation of the blast zone of the candidate risk zone segment.

[0012] Optionally, the continuous direction coefficients of the candidate risk zone segments are obtained using the following method: For the candidate segment of the risk zone, obtain the coordinates of the midpoint of each hole pair. Based on the hazard propagation direction corresponding to the risk type, project the coordinates of the midpoint of each hole pair in the candidate segment of the risk zone onto the hazard propagation direction to obtain the projection sequence of the midpoint of the directional hole position of the candidate segment of the risk zone. Based on the spatial distance satisfying the adjacency condition during the connection relationship judgment process, each projection point is divided into sub-segments. The consecutive points that satisfy the adjacency condition constitute a projection sub-segment, thus obtaining several projection sub-segments of the candidate segment of the risk zone. For any projection segment, the ratio of the number of projection points in the projection segment to the length of the projection segment is used as the projection density of the projection segment, and the ratio of the mean to the standard deviation of the projection density of all projection segments is used as the continuous direction coefficient of the candidate segment of the risk zone.

[0013] The present invention also proposes a risk analysis system for open-pit blasting processes based on data processing. The system includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and running on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the steps of the above-described method.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention can identify boreholes that have not exceeded the fixed borehole position deviation threshold but have changed the lithological premise, avoiding the concealment of the true risks in the lithological transition zone by merely relying on distance compliance; and it can re-verify the delay relationship between adjacent borehole pairs under actual lithological conditions, so that whether the original design delay time can still support the inter-hole penetration and breakage has a calculable basis; further, it can advance the identification of local borehole pair mismatches into continuous risk zones, retaining the spatial location of the risk zone, the covered borehole group and the dangerous direction, which is convenient for local verification before charging; by using existing mine data such as blasting design documents, three-dimensional geological models, construction measurement records and borehole rock powder records, no new dedicated hardware is required; after the post-blast vibration, block size and blast pile morphology data are written back, it can also continuously calibrate the lithological wave velocity reference value, the receiving window and the direction coefficient. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a data processing-based risk analysis method for open-pit blasting processes provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] Please see Figure 1 The diagram illustrates a flowchart of a data processing-based risk analysis method for open-pit blasting processes provided by an embodiment of the present invention. The method includes the following steps: Step S001: Based on the blasting design documents, construction survey records and three-dimensional geological model, extract relevant data and lithological data of the blast holes, and construct a lithological grid based on the lithological data.

[0019] The purpose of this embodiment is to advance the judgment of borehole position construction deviation from simple distance compliance to judgment of whether the design lithological premise has changed; then, to re-check the delay relationship of adjacent borehole pairs after the change of lithological premise, to determine whether the original design delay is still within the actual fracture acceptance window; finally, to identify whether mismatched borehole pairs form a continuous band along the critical direction, and based on this, to output supplementary drilling, re-drilling, charge amount correction, electronic detonator delay correction, or local borehole group joint review before charging; through this processing method, boreholes that have changed lithological premise but have not exceeded the fixed borehole position deviation threshold can be re-identified, the delay parameters are no longer used only according to the original design lithological assumption, and the risk results are no longer limited to the overall scoring of the blasting area, but can be applied to specific boreholes, borehole pairs, risk zones, and control actions.

[0020] Specifically, before loading explosives, it is necessary to simultaneously maintain the correspondence between hole position deviation, lithological boundaries, and delay time, and first establish a unified data foundation for the borehole network, lithology, and delay time in the blasting area; based on the first Each blast hole is continuously bound to the blasting design file. The design hole coordinates, depth, spacing, row spacing, charge quantity, lithology, and electronic detonator delay time are obtained from the blasting design file. Actual hole coordinates, depth, and borehole deviation records are obtained from the construction survey records. Rock powder color, particle size, composition variations, and water return anomalies are obtained from the borehole rock powder records. Lithology distribution, lithology boundaries, compressive strength, and wave velocity in the blasting area are obtained from the 3D geological model. The 3D geological model of the blasting area is divided into lithology spatial grids according to a preset grid side length. Each hole coordinate corresponds to a lithology grid, and each lithology grid records the grid number, center coordinates, lithology type, compressive strength, wave velocity, and lithology boundary markers. The data obtained from the blasting design file and construction survey records are used as blast hole-related data, while the data from the borehole rock powder records and the 3D geological model of the blasting area are used as lithology data.

[0021] Furthermore, based on the numbering of the boreholes The design data, actual construction data, rock powder records, and lithological grid query results were aligned to form a borehole-level design-actual data sequence; adjacent boreholes were then used as the basis for this sequence. As a hole pair object, extract adjacent holes in the same row, corresponding holes in front and behind rows, and associated hole pairs near the free surface or the direction of the protected object to form a hole pair number table; the hole pair number table records the two hole numbers, the actual coordinates of the two holes, the actual hole distance, the hole pair direction, the design delay time, the direction of the free surface, the direction of the slope, and the direction of the protected object.

[0022] Step S002: Based on the designed and actual borehole locations, construct the lithological grid path sequence of the borehole according to the lithological grid. Combine the lithological type and lithological boundary markers of the lithological grid to obtain the boundary crossing support of the borehole. Analyze the difference in compressive strength between the lithological grids corresponding to the designed and actual borehole locations to obtain the residual strength in the borehole direction, and then obtain the lithological premise offset of the borehole. Analyze the distribution of adjacent boreholes, the detonator delay time, and the wave velocity corresponding to the actual lithology to obtain the fracture bearing mismatch of the borehole pair.

[0023] Preferably, in one embodiment of the present invention, based on the designed and actual borehole locations, a lithological grid path sequence for the boreholes is constructed according to the lithological grid. Combining the lithological type and boundary markers of the lithological grid, the boundary crossing support of the boreholes is obtained. The specific method includes: With the first Taking a borehole as the object, the lithological grid where the designed borehole location is located is used as the starting grid of the path, and the lithological grid where the actual borehole location is located is used as the ending grid of the path. The starting grid of the path and the ending grid of the path are connected, and several lithological grid units are read sequentially in the direction pointing to the ending grid of the path to form the lithological grid path sequence of the borehole.

[0024] Furthermore, the lithology types of adjacent lithology grids in the lithology grid path sequence are compared. If the lithology types of any adjacent lithology grids are different, or the corresponding boundary markings change (i.e., one of the lithology grids is marked as a lithology boundary), the adjacent lithology grid is recorded as a valid boundary crossing. The number of valid boundary crossings in the lithology grid path sequence is counted, and the ratio of the number of valid boundary crossings to the total number of comparisons of adjacent lithology grids in the lithology grid path sequence (i.e., the difference obtained by subtracting 1 from the number of lithology grids in the sequence) is used as the boundary crossing support of the borehole.

[0025] It should be noted that a deviation path is formed between the designed borehole position and the actual borehole position, instead of judging directly based on the distance between the two positions. Lithology type analysis is carried out by constructing a lithology grid path sequence. The greater the boundary crossing support, the more concentrated the borehole deviation path crosses the lithology boundary.

[0026] Preferably, in one embodiment of the present invention, the method for analyzing the difference in compressive strength between the designed borehole location and the actual borehole location corresponding to the lithological grid, obtaining the residual strength in the borehole direction, and then obtaining the lithological premise offset of the borehole is as follows: Get the The difference between the compressive strength of the lithological grid corresponding to the designed borehole position and the compressive strength of the lithological grid corresponding to the actual borehole position is obtained. At the same time, the range of compressive strength of all lithological grid units in the blasting area (the maximum compressive strength minus the minimum compressive strength) is obtained. The ratio of the obtained difference to the range of compressive strength is used as the strength directional residual of the borehole.

[0027] It should be noted that if the residual value in the strength direction is positive, the actual borehole location is biased towards soft rock relative to the designed borehole location; conversely, if it is negative, the actual borehole location is biased towards hard rock relative to the designed borehole location. Furthermore, combined with the boundary crossing support of the borehole, the product of the residual value in the strength direction and the boundary crossing support is multiplied. The larger the absolute value of the result, the more likely the borehole location deviation is to change the designed lithological premise. At the same time, its positive or negative direction reflects the meaning of the actual lithology shifting towards soft or hard rock, which is used in the subsequent borehole pair fracture bearing check to correct the actual lithological conditions of adjacent borehole pairs.

[0028] Furthermore, the first The boundary of each borehole spans the product of the support amount and the residual amount in the strength direction, which is used as the lithological premise offset of that borehole.

[0029] It should be further explained that after obtaining the lithological premise offset of the borehole, the borehole fracture bearing relationship is analyzed according to the detonator delay time and the wave velocity corresponding to the lithological grid based on the detonation sequence of adjacent boreholes, thereby obtaining the fracture bearing mismatch of the borehole pair.

[0030] Preferably, in one embodiment of the present invention, the distribution of adjacent boreholes, detonator delay time, and wave velocity corresponding to the actual lithology are analyzed to obtain the fracture bearing mismatch of the borehole pair. The specific method includes: With the first The first blast hole and the first Each borehole is considered an adjacent borehole pair. The actual borehole position, actual borehole spacing, borehole pair orientation, and detonator delay time are obtained for each pair. The borehole pair orientation is determined by the detonation sequence of the two boreholes. Based on the actual borehole positions, the wave velocity of the corresponding lithological grid is obtained. Combined with the actual borehole spacing and fracture propagation reference velocity (inherent lithological characteristics), the actual fracture bearing window of the borehole pair is determined. ,in This indicates the shortest time required for the fractures and stress waves in the first blast hole to effectively support the subsequent blast hole. This represents the longest time before the effect of the first blast hole decays to the point where it can no longer effectively connect with the subsequent blast hole. The specific upper and lower limits of the window are obtained directly based on the wave velocity, hole spacing, and fracture propagation reference velocity. The calculation process is a well-known technique and will not be described in detail in this embodiment.

[0031] Furthermore, the difference between the detonator delay time of the subsequently detonated hole and the detonator delay time of the earlier detonated hole is used as the design delay time difference for the hole pair; the lower limit of the window is obtained. The difference obtained by subtracting the design delay time difference is compared with the lower limit of the window to obtain a first ratio. The maximum value between the first ratio and 0 is taken as the advance residual amount of the hole pair.

[0032] It should be noted that if the design delay time difference is earlier than the lower limit of the window, that is, the design delay time difference is less than the lower limit of the actual rupture bearing window, then the difference is greater than 0, the first ratio is greater than 0, the ratio is used for normalization, and the obtained first ratio is the advance residual amount; if it is not earlier than the lower limit of the window, then the difference is less than 0, and the corresponding advance residual amount is set to zero.

[0033] Furthermore, obtain the difference in design delay time minus the upper limit of the window. The difference obtained is compared with the upper limit of the window to obtain a second ratio. The maximum value between the second ratio and 0 is taken as the hysteresis residual of the aperture pair.

[0034] It should be noted that if the design delay time difference is later than the upper limit of the window, that is, the design delay time difference is greater than the upper limit of the actual rupture bearing window, then the difference is greater than 0, the second ratio is greater than 0, and the obtained second ratio is the hysteresis residual; if it is not later than the upper limit of the window, then the interpolation is less than 0, and the corresponding hysteresis residual is set to zero.

[0035] Furthermore, the difference between the advance residual amount and the hysteresis residual amount of the hole pair is taken as the breakage mismatch amount of the hole pair.

[0036] It should be noted that when the fracture bearing mismatch is positive, it indicates that the hole pair is in a premature bearing state, with the risk biased towards flying rocks and air impact; when the fracture bearing mismatch is negative, it indicates that the hole pair is in a delayed bearing state, with the risk biased towards vibration propagation and large debris residue; when the fracture bearing mismatch is zero or close to zero, it indicates that the difference in design delay time is still within the actual fracture bearing window. This result retains the hole pair position, hole pair direction, and positive and negative directions, and is used for subsequent identification of continuous risk zones.

[0037] Thus, the lithological premise offset of the borehole and the fracture bearing mismatch of the borehole pair are obtained.

[0038] Step S003: Based on the positive and negative relationship and distribution of the fracture bearing mismatch of the hole pair, construct the early bearing continuous hole pair segment and the delayed bearing continuous hole pair segment for the continuous hole pair to obtain several risk zone candidate segments; based on the fracture bearing mismatch of each risk zone candidate segment, obtain the intra-segment mismatch intensity of each risk zone candidate segment; combined with the continuous distribution direction of the hole pair in the risk zone candidate segment, obtain the degree of continuous risk zone formation of the blast zone of each risk zone candidate segment.

[0039] Preferably, in one embodiment of the present invention, based on the positive and negative relationship and distribution of the failure bearing mismatch of the hole pair, premature bearing continuous hole pair segments and delayed bearing continuous hole pair segments are constructed for continuous hole pairs to obtain several candidate risk zone segments. The specific method includes: For several adjacent blast holes in the entire blasting zone, hole pairs are constructed and the fracture bearing mismatch is obtained. Based on the positive and negative relationship of the fracture bearing mismatch, the hole pairs are divided into a set of premature bearing hole pairs and a set of delayed bearing hole pairs. In the premature bearing hole pair set, the fracture bearing mismatch of the hole pairs is positive, while in the delayed bearing hole pair set, the fracture bearing mismatch of the hole pairs is negative. Hole pairs with a fracture bearing mismatch of 0 are not included in either set. The hole pairs in the same set are mapped to the planar topology of the blasting zone. The connection relationship between the hole pairs is determined by sharing blast holes, being adjacent in the same row, being adjacent in front and behind rows, or having a spatial distance that satisfies the adjacency condition. In this embodiment, the spatial distance that satisfies the adjacency condition is not specifically limited and is determined according to the blasting design document, that is, the distance between blast holes is specified in the blasting design document to satisfy the adjacency relationship.

[0040] Furthermore, for the set of premature bearing hole pairs, several consecutive premature bearing hole pair segments are constructed along the free surface direction and the step boundary direction based on the connection relationship between the hole pairs. That is, consecutive hole pairs in the set of premature bearing hole pairs that satisfy the connection relationship constitute the corresponding hole pair segments. For the set of delayed bearing hole pairs, several consecutive delayed bearing hole pair segments are constructed along the slope direction, the protected object direction, and the main propagation direction based on the connection relationship between the hole pairs. Each consecutive premature bearing hole pair segment and each consecutive delayed bearing hole pair segment are considered as a candidate segment of the risk zone.

[0041] It should be noted that the positive and negative relationship between the fracture bearing mismatch of the hole pairs reflects premature or delayed bearing. The sets are divided, and further, based on their distribution, the connection relationship between the hole pairs is constructed based on the blasting design documents and construction measurement records. This results in the premature bearing continuous hole pair segments and the delayed bearing continuous hole pair segments, which are then used as candidate risk zone segments for subsequent analysis.

[0042] Preferably, in one embodiment of the present invention, based on the fracture bearing mismatch amount in each candidate risk zone segment, the intra-segment mismatch intensity of each candidate risk zone segment is obtained. Combined with the continuous distribution direction of the hole pairs in the candidate risk zone segment, the continuous risk zone formation degree of each candidate risk zone segment is obtained. The specific method includes: For any candidate risk zone segment, the average absolute value of the fracture mismatch of all hole pairs within the candidate risk zone segment is taken as the intra-segment mismatch strength of the candidate risk zone segment.

[0043] Furthermore, for the candidate risk zone segment, the coordinates of the midpoints of each hole pair are obtained (directly obtained from the hole pair number table in step S001). Based on the corresponding risk type (early or late) and the direction of hazard propagation (early corresponds to the free surface direction and the step boundary direction, late corresponds to the slope direction, the protected object direction, and the main propagation direction), the coordinates of the midpoints of each hole pair in the candidate risk zone segment are projected onto the hazard propagation direction to obtain the directional hole midpoint projection sequence of the candidate risk zone segment; the spatial distance satisfies the adjacency condition during the connection relationship judgment process. The conditions are as follows: each projection point is divided into segments, and those that continuously satisfy the adjacency condition constitute a projection segment, thus obtaining several projection segments of the candidate risk zone segment; for any projection segment, the ratio of the number of projection points in the projection segment to the length of the projection segment is used as the projection density of the projection segment, and the ratio of the mean of the projection density of all projection segments to the standard deviation is used as the continuous direction coefficient of the candidate risk zone segment. In order to avoid the standard deviation being 0, which would make the fraction meaningless, 0.1 is added to the numerator and denominator respectively during the calculation process in this embodiment.

[0044] Furthermore, the product of the intra-segment mismatch intensity and the continuous direction coefficient of the candidate risk zone segment, and the result of normalization, is taken as the continuous risk zone formation degree of the candidate risk zone segment. The normalization adopts linear normalization processing, and the normalization object is the product obtained by all candidate risk zones within the blast zone.

[0045] It should be noted that the greater the mismatch intensity within a segment, the greater the possibility of damage and connection between hole pairs in the candidate risk zone segment. At the same time, the distribution direction and density of hole pairs are analyzed. By constructing projection sub-segments, the greater the overall projection density and the smaller the variation range, the denser and more continuous the hole pairs are distributed along the hazard propagation direction, and the greater the corresponding connection direction coefficient, the greater the impact on the formation of continuous risk in the blast zone.

[0046] Thus, the formation degree of the continuous risk zone of the blast zone candidate segment is obtained.

[0047] Step S004: Based on the formation degree of the continuous risk zone in the blasting area, the threshold of the candidate risk zone is judged, and the adjustment and design are carried out in combination with the lithological premise offset of the borehole and the fracture bearing mismatch of the borehole pair.

[0048] Specifically, the continuous risk zone formation degree of each candidate risk zone is arranged in descending order, and high-risk and medium-risk thresholds are preset. In this embodiment, the high-risk threshold is described as 0.8, and the medium-risk threshold is described as 0.5. Implementers can set the risk thresholds according to the actual situation, and this embodiment does not impose specific restrictions. If the continuous risk zone formation degree is greater than or equal to the high-risk threshold, the corresponding candidate risk zone enters the charging pause range, and the covered boreholes and borehole pairs enter the local borehole group for joint verification. If the continuous risk zone formation degree is greater than or equal to the medium-risk threshold and less than the high-risk threshold, the parameters of the corresponding candidate risk zone are fine-tuned. If it is less than the medium-risk threshold, it is regarded as a low-risk zone candidate zone, and the original blasting design document is executed, and the post-blast write-back record is retained.

[0049] Furthermore, for candidate risk zones requiring parameter fine-tuning, the analysis examines the fracture acceptance mismatch magnitude of borehole pairs, specifically the lithological preconditioning offset of the blast holes. The lithological preconditioning offset is calculated using the average absolute value of the lithological preconditioning offsets of all blast holes in the blasting area as a lithological offset threshold. If the absolute value of the lithological preconditioning offset of the blast holes in the candidate risk zone exceeds this threshold, the risk zone is primarily caused by high absolute values ​​of borehole lithological preconditioning offsets. Control actions prioritize supplementary drilling, re-drilling, or adjusting the charge amount according to the actual lithology. The fracture acceptance mismatch of borehole pairs is analyzed based on corresponding positive and negative values ​​for premature and delayed residuals. Similarly, the acceptance threshold is constructed based on the average of positive fracture acceptance mismatches across all borehole pairs in the blasting area, or the average absolute value of negative fracture acceptance mismatches across all borehole pairs. This risk zone candidate segment... If the fracture acceptance mismatch in the middle borehole exceeds the corresponding acceptance threshold, the risk zone is mainly caused by premature or delayed residue. The control action prioritizes the output of electronic detonator delay time correction, where the correction of electronic detonator delay time is based on the average of the upper and lower limits of the actual fracture acceptance window of the corresponding borehole pair. If the candidate segment of the risk zone is mainly characterized by multiple medium-mismatch borehole pairs connected continuously along the same hazard propagation direction, then the output includes local borehole group joint verification, monitoring point densification, and local detonation network recalculation. That is, if the lithological premise offset of the corresponding borehole is less than or equal to the lithological offset threshold and the fracture acceptance mismatch of the borehole pair is less than or equal to the corresponding acceptance threshold, then hazard propagation direction analysis is performed. For the case where the same borehole is associated with multiple high-risk borehole pairs, the electronic detonator settings are uniformly verified according to the risk zone direction and borehole group detonation sequence to avoid the correction of a single borehole pair from disrupting the overall detonation sequence of adjacent borehole groups.

[0050] This concludes the embodiment.

[0051] Another embodiment of the present invention provides a risk analysis system for open-pit blasting process based on data processing. The system includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and running on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the above-described method steps S001 to S004.

[0052] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A risk analysis method for open-pit blasting processes based on data processing, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: Based on blasting design documents, construction survey records, and three-dimensional geological models, relevant data and lithological data of blast holes are extracted, and a lithological grid is constructed based on the lithological data; Based on the designed and actual borehole locations, a lithological grid path sequence for the boreholes is constructed according to the lithological grid. Combining the lithological type and boundary markers of the lithological grid, the boundary crossing support of the boreholes is obtained. The difference in compressive strength between the lithological grids corresponding to the designed and actual borehole locations is analyzed to obtain the residual strength in the borehole direction, thereby obtaining the lithological premise offset of the boreholes. The distribution of adjacent boreholes, detonator delay time, and wave velocity corresponding to the actual lithology are analyzed to obtain the fracture bearing mismatch of the borehole pair. Based on the positive and negative relationship and distribution of the fracture bearing mismatch of the hole pairs, segments of continuous hole pairs with premature bearing and segments with delayed bearing are constructed to obtain several candidate risk zones. Based on the fracture bearing mismatch of each candidate risk zone segment, the intra-segment mismatch intensity of each candidate risk zone segment is obtained. Combined with the continuous distribution direction of the hole pairs in the candidate risk zone segments, the degree of continuous risk zone formation of each candidate risk zone segment is obtained. Based on the formation degree of the continuous risk zone in the blasting area, the threshold judgment of the candidate risk zone segment is carried out, and the adjustment and design are implemented in combination with the lithological premise offset of the borehole and the fracture bearing mismatch of the borehole pair. The specific method for obtaining the residual strength in the borehole direction and thus the lithological premise offset of the borehole includes: Get the The difference between the compressive strength of the lithological grid corresponding to the designed borehole position and the compressive strength of the lithological grid corresponding to the actual borehole position is used to obtain the range of compressive strength of all lithological grid units in the blasting area. The ratio of the obtained difference to the range of compressive strength is used as the strength directional residual of the borehole. The first The boundary of each borehole spans the product of the support amount and the residual amount in the strength direction, which is used as the lithological premise offset of that borehole.

2. The risk analysis method for open-pit blasting process based on data processing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific method for constructing the lithological grid path sequence for boreholes is as follows: With the first Taking a borehole as the object, the lithological grid where the designed borehole location is located is used as the starting grid of the path, and the lithological grid where the actual borehole location is located is used as the ending grid of the path. The starting grid of the path and the ending grid of the path are connected, and several lithological grid units are read sequentially in the direction pointing to the ending grid of the path to form the lithological grid path sequence of the borehole.

3. The risk analysis method for open-pit blasting process based on data processing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for obtaining the support amount spanned by the boundary of the borehole is as follows: For the first In the lithological grid path sequence of each borehole, the lithological types of adjacent lithological grids are compared. If the lithological types of any adjacent lithological grids are different, or the corresponding boundary markers change, the adjacent lithological grids are recorded as a valid boundary crossing. The number of effective boundary crossings in the lithological grid path sequence is counted, and the ratio of this number to the total number of comparisons between adjacent lithological grids in the lithological grid path sequence is used as the boundary crossing support of the borehole.

4. The risk analysis method for open-pit blasting process based on data processing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific method for obtaining the breakage bearing mismatch of the hole pair is as follows: With the first The first blast hole and the first Each borehole is considered as a borehole pair, and the actual borehole position, actual borehole distance, borehole pair direction, and detonator delay time of the two boreholes are obtained. The borehole pair direction is determined by the detonation sequence of the two boreholes. Based on the actual borehole positions of the two boreholes, the wave velocity of the corresponding lithological grid is obtained. Combined with the actual borehole distance and fracture propagation reference velocity, the actual fracture bearing window of the borehole pair is obtained. The difference between the detonator delay time of the later-detonated hole and the detonator delay time of the earlier-detonated hole is used as the design delay time difference for the hole pair. The difference between the lower limit of the window and the design delay time difference is obtained, and the first ratio is obtained by comparing it with the lower limit of the window. The maximum value between the first ratio and 0 is taken as the advance residual amount of the hole pair. Obtain the difference between the design delay time difference and the upper limit of the window, and compare it with the upper limit of the window to obtain a second ratio. The maximum value between the second ratio and 0 is taken as the hysteresis residual of the hole pair. The difference between the advance residual amount and the hysteresis residual amount of the hole pair is taken as the breakage mismatch amount of the hole pair.

5. The risk analysis method for open-pit blasting process based on data processing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific methods for obtaining several candidate risk band segments are as follows: For several adjacent blast holes in the entire blast zone, hole pairs are constructed and the fracture bearing mismatch is obtained. Based on the positive and negative relationship of the fracture bearing mismatch, the hole pairs are divided into sets of premature bearing hole pairs and sets of delayed bearing hole pairs. The hole pairs in the same set are mapped to the planar topology of the blast zone, and the connection relationship between the hole pairs is based on the shared blast holes, adjacent in the same row, adjacent in front and behind rows, or spatial distance satisfying the adjacency condition. For the set of premature bearing hole pairs, several premature bearing continuous hole pair segments are constructed along the free surface direction and the step boundary direction, based on the connection relationship between the hole pairs; for the set of delayed bearing hole pairs, several delayed bearing continuous hole pair segments are constructed along the slope direction, the protected object direction and the main propagation direction, based on the connection relationship between the hole pairs. Both the prematurely connected continuous hole pairs and the delayed connected continuous hole pairs are considered as candidate risk zones.

6. The risk analysis method for open-pit blasting process based on data processing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific method for obtaining the intra-segment mismatch intensity of each candidate segment of the risk zone is as follows: For any candidate risk zone segment, the average absolute value of the fracture mismatch of all hole pairs within the candidate risk zone segment is taken as the intra-segment mismatch strength of the candidate risk zone segment.

7. The risk analysis method for open-pit blasting process based on data processing according to claim 5, characterized in that, The method for obtaining the continuous risk zone formation degree of each candidate risk zone by combining the continuous distribution direction performance of the borehole pairs in the candidate risk zone segments includes: Based on the continuous distribution direction of the holes in the candidate segments of the risk zone, the continuous direction coefficient of the candidate segments of the risk zone is obtained. The product of the intra-segment mismatch intensity and the continuous direction coefficient of any candidate risk zone segment, and the result after normalization, is taken as the degree of continuous risk zone formation of the blast zone of the candidate risk zone segment.

8. The risk analysis method for open-pit blasting process based on data processing according to claim 7, characterized in that, The continuous direction coefficients of the candidate risk zone segments are obtained using the following method: For the candidate segment of the risk zone, obtain the coordinates of the midpoint of each hole pair. Based on the hazard propagation direction corresponding to the risk type, project the coordinates of the midpoint of each hole pair in the candidate segment of the risk zone onto the hazard propagation direction to obtain the projection sequence of the midpoint of the directional hole position of the candidate segment of the risk zone. Based on the spatial distance satisfying the adjacency condition during the connection relationship judgment process, each projection point is divided into sub-segments. The consecutive points that satisfy the adjacency condition constitute a projection sub-segment, thus obtaining several projection sub-segments of the candidate segment of the risk zone. For any projection segment, the ratio of the number of projection points in the projection segment to the length of the projection segment is used as the projection density of the projection segment, and the ratio of the mean to the standard deviation of the projection density of all projection segments is used as the continuous direction coefficient of the candidate segment of the risk zone.

9. A risk analysis system for open-pit blasting processes based on data processing, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and running on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the steps of the open-pit blasting process risk analysis method based on data processing as described in any one of claims 1-8.

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