Portable blood testing system with NFC barcode tracking

Abstract

The application discloses a portable blood detection system based on NFC barcode tracking, which comprises a portable host, an NFC read-write array, a control unit and an interpretation unit. The portable host shell is provided with a plurality of slots, and the NFC read-write array comprises NFC antennas corresponding to the slots one by one, which are used for reading and writing NFC tags on detection cards. The control unit writes tracking management data containing an insertion timestamp into the tags through the NFC antennas in response to the insertion of the detection cards; in the interpretation stage, each tag is polled, the reaction time of each tag is calculated based on the respective insertion timestamp, and the detection card meeting the preset interpretation time threshold is determined as a card to be interpreted. The interpretation unit collects the image of the reaction area of the card to be interpreted and performs blood typing, and the control unit writes the typing result back to the corresponding NFC tag to complete the barcode tracking closed loop and output the result. The application realizes asynchronous parallel management of multiple cards, improves the on-site batch detection throughput and interpretation accuracy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of near-field wireless communication technology, and in particular to a portable blood testing system with NFC barcode tracking. Background Technology

[0002] In scenarios such as clinical blood transfusions, disaster relief, and military emergency care, portable blood testing devices are responsible for the rapid on-site screening of large numbers of samples. These devices typically operate based on the principles of immunochromatographic test strips or colloidal gold test cards. Each test card carries the reaction result for one sample, and the card has a reaction area that can be optically interpreted. The portable reader automatically acquires and analyzes images of the reaction area on the test card to output the test result. To enable traceability between the sample and the test result, the test card usually has a barcode, QR code, or RFID tag, which is read by the reader's built-in reading device during the testing process to obtain the test card's identification information.

[0003] However, existing marker reading solutions have significant shortcomings in portable blood testing scenarios. Firstly, current portable readers are generally equipped with only a single card slot and a single-channel reading device, allowing only one marker to be read at a time before moving on to the next. In field environments where a large number of samples need to be tested in a short period, this single-channel serial reading mode constitutes a severe throughput bottleneck. Although multi-channel devices exist that can process multiple test strips or cards simultaneously, their marker reading strategy typically involves a one-time batch reading of markers from all channels at the start of testing to obtain identification, followed by a unified countdown or fixed time as the trigger condition for each channel's reading. This approach implicitly relies on a crucial premise—that the timing of each card being inserted into the device and starting to react is highly consistent. However, in portable field operations, multiple cards are often inserted one by one by different operators at scattered times, resulting in significant differences in the reaction start times of each card. If a fixed-time triggering method is used for interpretation, some test cards will be missed due to insufficient response time, or interference will be introduced due to excessive response time, seriously affecting the accuracy of the interpretation results. In other words, the existing marker carrier reading device lacks the ability to independently and asynchronously schedule the reading of multiple marker carriers, and cannot dynamically record the independent insertion time reference for each test card and trigger subsequent interpretation accordingly.

[0004] Secondly, the current application of tag carriers in portable testing equipment is limited to the one-way reading of static information. That is, the reader only reads the identification information once when the test card is inserted, and the tag carrier does not play a data interaction role in subsequent testing processes. Barcodes or QR codes cannot be altered once printed, and although RFID tags can be read and written multiple times, in current solutions they are only used as storage carriers for factory information. They are not dynamically written to the tags during the testing process as time-series data or interpretation results related to the reaction process. This read-only usage means that the tag carrier cannot serve as a timeline link between the sample insertion time and the interpretation time, nor can it achieve closed-loop storage and traceability of the entire process data for a single test card at the tag carrier level.

[0005] Furthermore, in field scenarios involving the collaborative operation of multiple readers, the reading results of each reader on the marker carrier are typically only displayed or stored locally. There is a lack of a complete mechanism for aggregating the reading data from multiple marker carriers to the command terminal, and for the command terminal to securely authorize and tamper-proof the marker carrier data. This results in information gaps in the data aggregation, remote review, and post-event traceability stages regarding the detection results carried by the marker carriers.

[0006] In summary, in the application scenario of portable blood testing, existing marker carrier reading technologies urgently need to address the following issues: how to achieve asynchronous parallel reading and independent timing management of marker carriers on multiple test cards within a single reading device, thereby improving batch reading throughput while ensuring the accuracy of each marker carrier reading timing; how to extend marker carriers from static identification to dynamic data recording carriers, enabling them to store the entire process timing and result data of each test card from insertion to completion of interpretation; and how to construct a secure data aggregation and ownership locking mechanism for marker carriers among multiple reading devices to meet the requirements of data traceability and security in on-site batch testing scenarios. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a portable blood testing system with NFC barcode tracking. By configuring an NFC antenna array corresponding to multiple test card slots for the portable host, and writing a tracking identifier containing an insertion timestamp to the NFC tag of each test card when it is inserted, the system uses time-division polling to read the dynamic data of each tag in sequence to determine the timing of the reading. This enables asynchronous parallel and accurate reading of multiple tag carriers within a single NFC reader / writer, improving the data acquisition throughput and accuracy of reading trigger timing for batch tag carriers on site.

[0008] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a portable blood testing system with NFC barcode tracking, comprising: a portable host, an NFC read / write array, a control unit, and a reading unit; The portable host has a housing with multiple slots for receiving multiple detection cards; The NFC read / write array is located inside the portable host and includes multiple NFC antennas configured one-to-one with the multiple slots, used for near-field communication read / write of the NFC tags set on the detection cards inserted in each slot. The control unit is electrically connected to the NFC read / write array and is configured as follows: In response to the insertion of a test card into any of the slots, tracking and management data containing an insertion timestamp is written to the NFC tag of the corresponding test card via the corresponding NFC antenna; During the interpretation phase, the NFC tag of the detection card inserted into each slot is polled sequentially, the corresponding tracking management data is read, and the corresponding response time is calculated based on the insertion timestamp of the detection card. Based on the reaction time, the detection cards that meet the preset reading time threshold are identified as cards to be read; The judgment unit is electrically connected to the control unit and is configured as follows: Receive the command from the control unit regarding the card to be read; The image of the reaction area of ​​the card to be judged is acquired and blood type typing is performed to generate the typing result data of the card to be judged; The control unit is further configured to write the typing result data into the NFC tag of the corresponding test card through the corresponding NFC antenna, so as to complete the barcode tracking closed loop of the test card, and summarize the typing result data of each slot test card for unified output.

[0009] Furthermore, the portable host also integrates an environmental sensor, which is electrically connected to the control unit and is used to detect on-site environmental parameters; The NFC tag of the detection card is pre-set with a standard reaction time window and a temperature compensation coefficient; During the interpretation phase, the control unit reads the standard reaction time window and temperature compensation coefficient through the corresponding NFC antenna, and dynamically corrects the preset interpretation time threshold in combination with the on-site environmental parameters detected by the environmental sensor.

[0010] Furthermore, the control unit dynamically corrects the preset judgment time threshold in the following manner: Based on the temperature and humidity values ​​in the on-site environmental parameters, a matching compensation curve is found in the family of compensation curves corresponding to the temperature compensation coefficient. The correction amount determined by offsetting the start and end points of the standard reaction time window along the time axis from the compensation curve is used to obtain the corrected interpretation time threshold.

[0011] Furthermore, an electromagnetic shielding partition is provided between adjacent slots on the housing of the portable host. Each NFC antenna in the NFC read / write array is installed at the bottom or side wall of the corresponding slot, and its effective near-field communication range is limited to the physical space of the corresponding slot by the electromagnetic shielding partition. When the control unit polls the NFC tag of the detection card inserted in each slot, it adopts a time-division polling mechanism, which activates only one NFC antenna to perform read and write operations at any given time.

[0012] Furthermore, the electromagnetic shielding partition is a detachable structure, made of a magnetically and electrically conductive composite material, and is installed in a dovetail groove or T-groove between adjacent slots. When the electromagnetic shielding plate is installed, its top end shall not be lower than the installation height of the NFC tag of the inserted detection card.

[0013] Furthermore, the NFC read / write array also includes an antenna switching matrix; The control unit is electrically connected to each of the NFC antennas via the antenna switching matrix; The time-division polling mechanism is as follows: the control unit controls the corresponding switch channels in the antenna switching switch matrix to be turned on in sequence according to a preset timing sequence, so as to distribute the NFC radio frequency signal to the NFC antenna corresponding to the slot in sequence.

[0014] Furthermore, the portable blood testing system with NFC barcode tracking also includes a field command terminal; The control unit of the portable host is also configured to generate a batch data packet containing all the classification results after summarizing the classification result data of each slot test card; The portable host and the field command terminal establish a point-to-point communication link via NFC, and the batch data packets are transmitted to the field command terminal. After receiving the batch data packets, the field command terminal transmits the batch confirmation signature back to the NFC read / write array of the portable host via its NFC module. After receiving the batch confirmation signature, the control unit writes the batch confirmation signature into the NFC tag of each corresponding detection card to complete the barcode tracking closed loop with command terminal confirmation.

[0015] Furthermore, when the portable host establishes the point-to-point communication link with the field command terminal: The control unit of the portable host sends a temporary session key request to the field command terminal via the NFC read / write array; The on-site command terminal transmits a one-time session key via NFC. Before transmission, the batch data packets are encrypted by the control unit using the one-time session key.

[0016] Furthermore, when the control unit writes the batch confirmation signature to the NFC tag of each corresponding detection card, it also writes the signature timestamp and the command terminal identifier. After the batch confirmation signature is written to the NFC tag of the detection card, its storage space is marked as read-only and locked, prohibiting any subsequent write operations.

[0017] Furthermore, the on-site command terminal is also configured as follows: Receive batch data packets sent by multiple portable hosts; The system aggregates batch data packets from all portable hosts, categorizes and statistically analyzes the injured according to blood type, generates a blood type distribution map of the scene, and displays it through its display unit.

[0018] The above-described technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention have the following beneficial technical effects: 1. By configuring an independent antenna channel for each card receiving slot of the portable host, and dynamically writing tracking identification data containing the insertion timestamp to its near-field communication tag through the corresponding antenna channel when the tag carrier is received, the reading device can actively poll the independent insertion time reference recorded by the tags in each receiving slot during the reading phase, calculate the insertion duration of each tag carrier one by one, and then prioritize the tag carriers that meet the preset reading trigger duration to the subsequent processing stage; this solution upgrades the near-field communication tag from a passive tag carrier used only for static identity reading in the existing technology to a unique "dynamic" tag carrier for each detection card. The "Dynamic Time-Sequence Data Recording Carrier" is the first to construct an asynchronous parallel reading scheduling architecture for multiple marker carriers in a single reading device. As a result, while maintaining the compact size of the device, it fundamentally solves the contradiction between insufficient reading throughput and inaccurate triggering timing caused by single-channel serial reading or fixed unified reading triggering time in existing marker carrier reading devices. In field scenarios with dense feeding of multiple marker carriers, it significantly improves the batch reading throughput while ensuring that each marker carrier is triggered for reading at the appropriate timing node, avoiding data omissions and misreads caused by triggering too early or too late. 2. By integrating environmental sensors into the reading device and storing the factory-preset reference timing window and compensation coefficients of the tag carrier in its near-field communication tag, the control unit can read batch-specific compensation parameters from the tag during the reading phase. Combined with real-time environmental data collected on-site, the reading trigger duration is dynamically corrected by searching for compensation curve families and offsetting the start and end points of the timing window. At the same time, the time-division polling dual isolation architecture composed of electromagnetic shielding partitions between adjacent receiving slots and antenna switching matrix ensures that the near-field communication of each tag is not affected by electromagnetic crosstalk between adjacent channels when multiple tag carriers are read in parallel. This solution integrates the adaptive calibration capability of the field environment with the guarantee of multi-channel signal integrity, enabling the tag carrier reading device to autonomously cope with drastic fluctuations in field environmental parameters and batch differences of tag carriers for the first time, as well as effectively suppress crosstalk between dense antenna arrays. This ensures the accuracy and reliability of the data link during the independent reading scheduling of each tag carrier, thereby significantly improving the robustness of the reading device in complex field environments. 3. By introducing a command terminal and utilizing near-field communication point-to-point links to achieve short-range secure data interaction between the reading device and the command terminal, the reading device can generate batch data packets and upload them to the command terminal after summarizing the reading results of the marker carriers in each receiving slot. The command terminal then sends back a batch confirmation signature, and the control unit writes the signature, signature timestamp, and command terminal identifier into the near-field communication tag of each corresponding marker carrier and marks the tag storage space as read-only locked. This scheme constructs a three-stage closed-loop traceability chain from "reading terminal reading" to "command terminal review and confirmation" to "marker carrier physical locking". The centimeter-level short-range characteristics of near-field communication ensure that the batch data upload and confirmation signature return process is difficult to be remotely eavesdropped or tampered with. By networking multiple reading devices, a macroscopic distribution view of the marker carrier data is generated, providing real-time decision-making intelligence for the command level. Thus, the traditional marker carrier reading device is upgraded from an isolated single-machine reading tool to a distributed marker carrier data security management system with secure confirmation, data anti-tampering, and situational visualization capabilities, meeting the needs of high-reliability traceability and centralized control of batch reading results in large-scale field operations. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a portable blood testing system with NFC barcode tracking provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these descriptions are merely exemplary and not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Furthermore, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted in the following description to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the concept of the invention.

[0021] Please refer to Figure 1 This invention provides a portable blood testing system with NFC barcode tracking, comprising: a portable host, an NFC read / write array, a control unit, and a judgment unit. The portable host has a housing with multiple slots for receiving multiple test cards. The NFC read / write array is disposed within the portable host and includes multiple NFC antennas configured one-to-one with the multiple slots, used for near-field communication reading and writing of NFC tags on test cards inserted into each slot.

[0022] The portable host serves as the structural carrier, with multiple slots on its casing to simultaneously accommodate multiple test cards. In this embodiment, the portable host adopts a handheld design, with the casing made of engineering plastic. Its overall size is comparable to that of a conventional portable medical testing device, making it easy to hold and carry with one hand. Multiple slots are arranged longitudinally on the upper surface of the casing. The spacing between adjacent slots is determined according to the width of the test card and the installation requirements of the electromagnetic shielding partition. Guide grooves are provided on both sides inside the slots to ensure that the test card is smoothly inserted along a predetermined path. The circuit architecture of the NFC read / write array adopts a scheme of a single NFC controller chip plus an antenna switching matrix. The RF output terminal of the NFC controller chip is connected to the common input terminal of the antenna switching matrix after passing through an impedance matching network. The multiple output terminals of the antenna switching matrix are connected to the corresponding NFC antennas of each slot through independent matching networks, thereby realizing time-division driving of multiple antennas by a single RF front-end circuit. In this embodiment, the unified output method is achieved through an LCD screen on the portable host casing. The control unit presents the summarized test results data in a list format on the screen. At the same time, the data is also wirelessly transmitted to an external receiving device or on-site command terminal via Bluetooth communication module, ensuring that operators can view it in real time on the host and that the upper-level system can also obtain it remotely.

[0023] Each test card is equipped with an NFC tag, which serves as the data carrier for near-field communication between the test card and the system. In this embodiment, the test card is a long, strip-shaped structure consisting of a card body and an embedded immunochromatographic test strip. The upper surface of the card body has a sample application window and an observation window. The sample application window is used to apply the whole blood sample to be tested, while the observation window exposes the reaction area of ​​the immunochromatographic test strip. Within the reaction area, control lines and multiple test lines are sequentially arranged along the sample chromatography direction. The NFC tag is embedded in the gripping area of ​​the card body, with its antenna coil plane parallel to the card body surface. When the test card is fully inserted into the slot, the NFC tag is positioned precisely within the effective near-field communication range of the NFC antenna in the corresponding slot. The NFC tag uses a passive tag chip compliant with the ISO / IEC 14443 Type A protocol. Its built-in non-volatile storage space is divided into an identification area and a data area. The identification area stores the test card's unique serial number and factory parameters, while the data area receives tracking management data and test result data dynamically written by the portable host during the testing process.

[0024] The NFC read / write array is built into the portable host and includes multiple NFC antennas spatially configured with one-to-one correspondences to multiple slots. Each antenna is dedicated to near-field communication read / write operations with the NFC tag of the test card inserted in its corresponding slot. The control unit establishes an electrical connection with the NFC read / write array, undertaking the functions of controlling, scheduling, and processing data from the array. The interpretation unit also establishes an electrical connection with the control unit, receiving scheduling commands from the control unit to execute image acquisition and blood typing tasks.

[0025] The control unit is electrically connected to the NFC read / write array and is configured to: in response to a test card being inserted into any slot, write tracking and management data, including an insertion timestamp, to the corresponding NFC tag of the test card via the corresponding NFC antenna. When a test card is inserted into any slot of the portable host by an operator, the system responds to this insertion event. Specifically, the control unit performs a data writing operation to the NFC tag on the test card via the NFC antenna corresponding to the slot. The control unit senses the test card insertion event through a microswitch located at the bottom of each slot. When the test card is pushed into the slot guide groove to the bottom, the end of the card body presses against the contact of the microswitch, causing it to close, generating a level transition signal from open to closed, which is transmitted to the control unit. After detecting this level transition, the control unit determines that a test card has been inserted into the slot and then activates the NFC antenna corresponding to the slot to perform a read / write operation on the NFC tag of the test card. The microswitch automatically resets when the test card is removed, preparing for the next insertion detection. Those skilled in the art will understand that the specific implementation of insertion detection is not limited to a micro switch, but may also be triggered by a photoelectric pair set on the side wall of the slot, or by a change in carrier amplitude caused by an NFC tag entering the antenna field area. However, these alternative solutions should all be considered to fall within the protection scope of this application.

[0026] The data written is tracking and management data, which includes an insertion timestamp representing the insertion time of the test card. Therefore, from the moment each test card is inserted into the system, its NFC tag is assigned independent time reference information. This time reference information directly reflects the start time of the test card's sample response, providing a basis for independent timing of subsequent cards.

[0027] The control unit is also configured to: during the interpretation phase, sequentially poll the NFC tags of the test cards inserted into each slot, read the corresponding tracking and management data, and calculate the corresponding response time based on the insertion timestamp of the test card; based on the response time, determine the test cards that meet the preset interpretation time threshold as test cards to be interpreted. After the system enters the interpretation phase, the control unit starts the polling process for each slot. In this embodiment, the entry into the interpretation phase is manually triggered by the operator through a physical button or touch screen control on the portable host. When the operator confirms that all test cards to be tested in the current batch have been inserted into the corresponding slots, he presses the interpretation start control, and the control unit receives the trigger signal of the control and determines that the system has entered the interpretation phase. As an alternative embodiment, the entry into the interpretation phase can also be set to be automatically triggered; for example, the control unit starts a timer after detecting that a test card has been inserted into the first slot, and automatically enters the interpretation phase when the timer reaches the preset interpretation start waiting time; or, the control unit automatically triggers the interpretation phase after detecting that a test card has been inserted into all configured slots. Regardless of the triggering method used, once the interpretation phase begins, the control unit starts polling the NFC tags of the detection cards in each slot and calculating and determining the response time.

[0028] The polling process sequentially traverses each slot, reading the tracking management data stored in the NFC tag of the inserted test card through the NFC antenna corresponding to each slot. After reading the tracking management data, the control unit extracts the insertion timestamp of the test card and calculates the response time since the test card was inserted by combining it with the current system time. Subsequently, the control unit compares the calculated response time with a preset judgment time threshold. This preset judgment time threshold is a pre-set time parameter used to define whether the test card's response has reached a suitable time range for judgment. For test cards whose response time meets the preset judgment time threshold, the control unit identifies them as test cards; for test cards that have not yet met the threshold, the system continues to track their response progress in subsequent polling cycles. This asynchronous judgment mechanism based on the independent insertion timestamp of each test card means that each card is no longer subject to a unified timing start point, but is scheduled to enter the judgment stage separately according to its own actual response progress.

[0029] The interpretation unit is electrically connected to the control unit and is configured to: receive instructions from the control unit regarding the card to be interpreted; acquire an image of the reaction area of ​​the card to be interpreted and perform blood typing processing to generate the test result data of the card to be interpreted. When the control unit identifies the card to be interpreted, it sends an instruction to the interpretation unit, notifying the interpretation unit to perform the interpretation operation on the card. After receiving the instruction, the interpretation unit acquires an image of the reaction area of ​​the card to be interpreted, obtaining an optical image of the reaction area. Subsequently, the interpretation unit performs blood typing processing on the acquired image, generating the corresponding test result data for the test card by identifying and analyzing the agglutination bands or color development signals in the reaction area. This test result data is the ABO blood type determination conclusion of the sample carried by the card.

[0030] In this embodiment, the blood typing processing performed on the acquired image by the interpretation unit follows these steps: First, the image is converted to grayscale, and the control line region and each detection line region are segmented from the image according to the pre-calibrated reaction area positioning parameters; second, the average grayscale value of the control line region and the average grayscale value of each detection line region are calculated respectively, and the ratio of the grayscale value of each detection line to the grayscale value of the control line is used as the normalized colorimetric intensity of the detection line; subsequently, the normalized colorimetric intensity of each detection line is compared with a preset agglutination judgment threshold. When the normalized colorimetric intensity is greater than the threshold, the detection line is judged to be a positive reaction; otherwise, it is judged to be a negative reaction; finally, based on the positive / negative combination relationship of each detection line, the final blood test result is output according to the preset detection judgment rule table. The above-mentioned detection judgment rule table corresponds to the antibody coating scheme of the immunochromatographic test strip in this embodiment, and is specifically described in the appendix to the instruction manual or other relevant parts of the instruction manual.

[0031] The control unit is also configured to write the detection result data to the NFC tag of the corresponding detection card via the corresponding NFC antenna, thereby completing the barcode tracking closed loop of the detection card and aggregating the detection result data of each slot's detection card for unified output. After the interpretation unit generates the detection result data, it returns the data to the control unit. The control unit then writes the detection result data to the NFC tag of the detection card via the NFC antenna corresponding to the slot where the detection card is located. Thus, the NFC tag of the detection card completes a complete data cycle from "writing the insertion timestamp" to "being polled to read tracking management data" and then to "being written the detection result," realizing a closed-loop barcode tracking of the entire detection card process.

[0032] Finally, the control unit summarizes the test results data of all test cards in each slot, forming a unified data set covering the test results of all read test cards, and outputs it through a preset output method so that operators or higher-level systems can obtain complete blood test information.

[0033] This invention equips each test card slot with an independent NFC antenna and dynamically writes an insertion timestamp to its NFC tag when the test card is inserted. Then, during the interpretation phase, it polls each tag to obtain the independent reaction time of each test card, using this as the basis for interpretation scheduling. This transforms the NFC tag from a static identification carrier into a dynamic reaction history storage device, establishing for the first time a multi-card asynchronous parallel management mechanism in a portable blood testing device. This solves the problems of insufficient throughput in existing single-card serial operations and inaccurate interpretation timing caused by unified timing of multiple cards. While maintaining portability, it achieves independent timing tracking and accurate interpretation scheduling of multiple test cards at different reaction stages, effectively improving the throughput and interpretation accuracy of on-site batch testing.

[0034] Furthermore, the portable host also integrates an environmental sensor, which is electrically connected to the control unit to detect on-site environmental parameters. The NFC tag of the detection card is preset with a standard reaction time window and a temperature compensation coefficient. During the interpretation phase, the control unit reads the standard reaction time window and temperature compensation coefficient through the corresponding NFC antenna, and dynamically corrects the preset interpretation time threshold in combination with the on-site environmental parameters detected by the environmental sensor.

[0035] In the above scheme, the system pre-sets the standard reaction time window and temperature compensation coefficient corresponding to the batch of test cards in their NFC tags during the factory manufacturing stage. These two parameters constitute the baseline description of the immune response kinetics of the batch of test cards. A control unit electrically connected to an environmental sensor is added inside the portable host. The environmental sensor is used to collect environmental parameters such as temperature and humidity in real time.

[0036] In this embodiment, the environmental sensor is an integrated digital temperature and humidity sensor, electrically connected to the control unit via an I2C serial bus. Its sensing element is installed inside the ventilation opening on the side of the portable host casing. This location effectively senses external ambient air parameters while avoiding interference from direct sunlight on temperature measurement. The standard reaction time window data format is a tuple containing two time values ​​(T...). min , T max The values ​​represent the start and end points of the optimal interpretation time interval, respectively, in seconds, calculated with the sampling time on the test card as the zero point. The temperature compensation coefficient is formatted as a two-dimensional array or a structure array. Each element in the array contains a set of temperature and humidity values ​​and a corresponding correction factor. The correction factor is expressed as a time offset in seconds; a positive value indicates a backward delay in the interpretation window, while a negative value indicates an forward advancement in the interpretation window. This data is written to the tag's identification area using a dedicated NFC writing device when the test card leaves the factory, and read protection is set to prevent accidental modification during on-site operations.

[0037] When the system enters the interpretation phase, the control unit reads the preset standard reaction time window and temperature compensation coefficient from the detection card tag via the NFC antenna in the corresponding slot, and simultaneously acquires the on-site environmental parameters currently detected by the environmental sensors. Based on this, the control unit dynamically corrects the preset interpretation time threshold according to the temperature and humidity sensitivity of this batch of reagents as represented by the temperature compensation coefficient, combined with the degree of deviation of the on-site environmental parameters from the standard conditions, so that the corrected interpretation time threshold can adapt to the actual reaction process under the current environment.

[0038] This technical solution expands the function of the NFC tag on the test card from recording dynamic tracking and management data to becoming a static carrier of batch-specific calibration parameters. Simultaneously, it incorporates environmental sensors into the decision-making process for interpretation timing, ensuring that the preset interpretation time threshold is no longer a fixed value fixed at the factory, but rather an adaptive parameter that can be dynamically adjusted based on actual temperature and humidity conditions and reagent batch characteristics. Therefore, while achieving asynchronous parallel management of multiple cards, it further eliminates the problem of optimal interpretation window drift caused by drastic fluctuations in outdoor temperature and humidity and differences between reagent batches. This ensures that each test card is triggered for interpretation at a time appropriate to its own batch characteristics and current environmental conditions, effectively improving the interpretation accuracy of the portable blood testing system under complex field conditions.

[0039] Furthermore, the control unit dynamically corrects the preset judgment time threshold in the following way: based on the temperature and humidity values ​​in the field environmental parameters, it searches for a matching compensation curve in the family of compensation curves corresponding to the temperature compensation coefficient; it shifts the start and end points of the standard reaction time window along the time axis by the correction amount determined by the compensation curve, and obtains the corrected judgment time threshold.

[0040] In the above scheme, the specific implementation of dynamically correcting the preset interpretation time threshold is as follows: The control unit first obtains the current temperature and humidity values ​​from the environmental sensors, and simultaneously reads the preset temperature compensation coefficient for this batch from the NFC tag of the detection card. The temperature compensation coefficient is not a single correction factor, but corresponds to a family of pre-calibrated compensation curves. This family of curves describes the deviation of the immunochromatographic reaction process relative to standard conditions under different temperature and humidity combinations. The control unit takes the current temperature and humidity values ​​as input and searches for a compensation curve in the compensation curve family that matches the current environmental conditions. This compensation curve quantifies the direction and magnitude of the reaction time window's shift along the time axis. Subsequently, the control unit shifts the start and end points of the standard reaction time window along the time axis by the correction amount determined by the compensation curve, thereby obtaining the corrected interpretation time threshold.

[0041] This correction method does not involve a simple scaling or fixed-increment adjustment of the interpretation threshold. Instead, it uses a batch-specific compensation curve family to dynamically shift the time window non-linearly. This more accurately simulates the kinetic changes of the immunoagglutination reaction under different temperature and humidity conditions. The overall shift of the start and end points of the standard reaction time window along the time axis changes both the start and end points of the interpretation, translating the entire interpretation time window to a position adapted to the current environment. This avoids window drift and reaction process mismatch caused by changes in environmental parameters, further improving the robustness of portable devices in complex outdoor climatic conditions.

[0042] In this embodiment, the construction of the compensation curve family is completed through the following pre-calibration process: Before the test cards leave the factory, several samples are extracted from the batch of test cards and placed under environmental conditions with different combinations of temperature and humidity values. Samples are added according to the standard operating procedure, and the grayscale change curve of the immunochromatographic reaction zone is recorded throughout the process to determine the actual time window for the reaction to reach a stable interpretation state under each environmental condition. The offset of the actual interpretation time window measured under each environmental condition relative to the standard reaction time window is used as a correction value. A correction value lookup table or a compensation curve family is established using temperature and humidity values ​​as a two-dimensional index. This compensation curve family is stored in the non-volatile memory of the control unit in the form of a data table and is used for lookup when dynamically correcting the interpretation time threshold. As an alternative, the compensation curve family can also be pre-loaded into the NFC tag of the test card as parameters of a mathematical fitting function. After reading the function, the control unit calculates the correction value in real time based on the current temperature and humidity values.

[0043] Furthermore, on the casing of the portable host, an electromagnetic shielding partition is provided between adjacent slots; each NFC antenna in the NFC read / write array is installed at the bottom or side wall of the corresponding slot, and its effective range of near-field communication is limited to the physical space of the corresponding slot by the electromagnetic shielding partition; when the control unit polls the NFC tag of the detection card inserted in each slot, it adopts a time-division polling mechanism, and only one NFC antenna is activated to perform read / write operations at the same time.

[0044] To address the electromagnetic crosstalk issue caused by the dense arrangement of multiple NFC antennas within a compact space in portable devices, the system employs a dual isolation mechanism at both the physical structure and communication timing levels. At the physical structure level, electromagnetic shielding partitions are placed between adjacent slots on the portable host casing. Each NFC antenna is mounted on the bottom or side wall of its corresponding slot, and its effective near-field communication range is constrained within the physical spatial boundaries of that slot by the electromagnetic shielding partitions. This effectively blocks spatial radiation coupling paths between adjacent antennas, ensuring that the radio frequency field excited by any antenna only covers the NFC tag in its corresponding slot. At the communication timing level, the control unit uses a time-division polling mechanism to poll the NFC tags in each slot. This means that only one of the multiple NFC antennas is excited for read / write operations at any given time, while the other antennas remain silent. This completely avoids mutual interference caused by concurrent excitation at the same frequency in the time domain.

[0045] The dual isolation architecture combining physical shielding and time-division polling ensures that the NFC communication processes of each card do not interfere with each other when multiple cards are inserted in parallel. Operations such as timestamp reading, tracking management data writing back, and typing result writing for each card are all completed in an independent electromagnetic space and independent time slot. This guarantees the data integrity and link reliability of multi-channel NFC read and write operations, eliminates the risk of card identity confusion or tracking data corruption due to crosstalk, and provides underlying hardware support for highly reliable multi-card asynchronous parallel management of portable blood testing systems under compact size constraints.

[0046] Furthermore, the electromagnetic shielding partition is a detachable structure made of magnetically and electrically conductive composite material, and is installed in the dovetail groove or T-slot between adjacent slots; when installed, the top of the electromagnetic shielding partition is not lower than the installation height of the NFC tag of the inserted test card.

[0047] The electromagnetic shielding partition is further defined as a detachable structural component made of a composite material with both magnetic and electrical conductivity. It is positioned and installed via pre-set dovetail or T-slots between adjacent slots. This detachable design allows for flexible configuration based on actual usage requirements. The partition can be installed to isolate channels when all slots are in use, and can be easily removed when only some slots are needed or for cleaning and maintenance. The use of a magnetically and electrically conductive composite material allows the partition to attenuate both the electric and magnetic field components of near-field communication frequencies, providing superior near-field shielding performance compared to single-metal shielding materials.

[0048] The electromagnetic shielding plate has a specific structure of a rectangular thin plate, the thickness of which is determined according to the slot spacing and shielding effectiveness requirements, preferably in the range of 0.5 mm to 2 mm. It is made of a magnetically and electrically conductive composite material consisting of a polymer matrix filled with ferrite powder and conductive carbon fibers. This material has a shielding effectiveness of no less than 20 dB against the electric field component at an NFC operating frequency of 13.56 MHz, and the absorption and attenuation of the magnetic field component mainly relies on the high permeability of the ferrite component. The two edges of the plate are machined into a cross-sectional shape adapted to dovetail or T-slots, forming a tight contact with the slot wall after insertion to ensure the continuity of the electromagnetic seal.

[0049] In this embodiment, the circuit topology of the antenna switching matrix is ​​implemented using a cascaded single-pole multi-throw (SPMWOT) RF switch structure: the first-stage switch divides the NFC controller's RF output channels into two groups, and each group is further distributed to the respective NFC antenna channels via a second-stage switch. The control terminals of each stage of the switch are uniformly connected to the GPIO output port of the control unit. The control unit outputs channel selection signals sequentially through a preset switch truth table, ensuring that at any given time, exactly one antenna channel is in a fully active state. A protection interval of no less than 10 microseconds is set between adjacent channel switching to avoid residual excitation of adjacent antennas by transient channel switching signals.

[0050] Furthermore, when installed, the top height of the electromagnetic shielding partition is no less than the installation height of the NFC tag on the inserted test card. This height limitation ensures that when the test card is inserted into the slot, the entire vertical area of ​​its NFC tag is covered by the shielding partitions on both sides, preventing the upper area of ​​the NFC tag from being exposed to the radiation field of adjacent antennas due to insufficient partition height, thus eliminating shielding blind spots. Therefore, the synergy between the detachable structure and the height limitation ensures both shielding integrity and configuration flexibility for on-site use of portable devices, enabling NFC communication between channels to operate without crosstalk during multi-card parallel operation, further enhancing the reliability of the data link under the multi-card asynchronous parallel management architecture.

[0051] Furthermore, the NFC read / write array also includes an antenna switching matrix; the control unit is electrically connected to each NFC antenna through the antenna switching matrix; the time-division polling mechanism is as follows: the control unit controls the corresponding switch channels in the antenna switching matrix to be turned on in sequence according to a preset timing sequence, so as to distribute the NFC radio frequency signal to the NFC antenna corresponding to the slot in sequence.

[0052] Based on the above, the hardware implementation of the time-division polling mechanism is further clarified. The NFC read / write array internally contains an antenna switching matrix. One side of this matrix is ​​electrically connected to the RF interface of the control unit, while the other side has multiple output channels connected to the corresponding NFC antennas of each slot, thus establishing a one-to-many controllable connection path between the control unit and each antenna. During operation, the control unit sequentially sends channel selection signals to the antenna switching matrix according to a preset timing sequence, causing the corresponding switch channels in the matrix to conduct sequentially, distributing the NFC RF signals to the NFC antennas corresponding to the target slot in sequence. In any given time slot, only one switch channel is in the conducting state, while the other channels remain off, thereby forcibly achieving time-division isolation at the circuit level, activating only one NFC antenna at a time.

[0053] This hardware architecture allows multiple NFC antennas to share the same NFC RF front-end circuitry, eliminating the need for a separate NFC controller for each slot. This significantly reduces hardware costs and power consumption while ensuring signal purity for each antenna within its operating time slot through the channel isolation characteristics of the switch matrix. The inter-channel isolation of the switch matrix, combined with the spatial isolation effect of the aforementioned electromagnetic shielding, forms a dual signal isolation barrier from the circuit domain to the spatial domain. This ensures that NFC communication for each detection card is completed within an independent time slot and an independent electromagnetic space, further improving the accuracy of data reading and writing and the system reliability under the multi-card parallel management architecture.

[0054] Furthermore, the portable blood testing system with NFC barcode tracking also includes a field command terminal; the control unit of the portable host is configured to generate a batch data packet containing all test results after summarizing the typing results data of each slot test card; the portable host and the field command terminal establish a point-to-point communication link via NFC to transmit the batch data packet to the field command terminal; after receiving the batch data packet, the field command terminal transmits the batch confirmation signature back to the NFC read / write array of the portable host through its NFC module; after receiving the batch confirmation signature, the control unit writes the batch confirmation signature to the NFC tag of each corresponding test card to complete the barcode tracking closed loop with command terminal confirmation.

[0055] The system adds a field command terminal in addition to the portable host, thus constructing a two-layer NFC interaction architecture of "detection terminal - command terminal".

[0056] In this embodiment, the field command terminal adopts a ruggedized portable computing platform, which integrates an NFC controller and antenna module, a security chip, a central processing unit, a storage unit, and a touch display unit. The NFC controller supports the point-to-point communication mode of the ISO / IEC 18092 standard, and both the NFC read / write array of the portable host and the portable host follow the P2P protocol stack specifications defined by the NFC Forum at both the physical layer and data link layer. When communication is established, the portable host, as the initiator, sends a connection request frame, and the field command terminal, as the target, responds to the request. After the two parties complete the negotiation, they enter the data transmission phase.

[0057] The session key generation and encryption algorithm is as follows: After receiving a temporary session key request, the field command terminal calls the true random number generator inside its security chip to generate a 128-bit or 256-bit random number as a one-time session key, and transmits it back to the portable host via the NFC channel. Upon receiving the session key, the portable host control unit encrypts batch data packets using AES-128 or AES-256 symmetric encryption algorithms. The encryption mode uses GCM authentication encryption mode, providing data confidentiality while attaching a message integrity check code. After receiving the ciphertext, the field command terminal uses the same session key for decryption and integrity verification. If the verification passes, it confirms the data source is authentic and the transmission process has not been tampered with. This session key is discarded by both ends after the current data transmission session ends and is not reused.

[0058] After summarizing the test results of each slot's test card, the portable host's control unit generates a batch data packet containing the test results of all read test cards. Subsequently, the portable host establishes a point-to-point communication link with the field command terminal via the NFC protocol, using this link to transmit the batch data packet to the field command terminal. Upon receiving the batch data packet, the field command terminal uses its built-in NFC module to send a batch confirmation signature back to the portable host's NFC read / write array. This signature is a digital credential generated by the command terminal after verifying and confirming the batch test results.

[0059] In this embodiment, the generation and verification of batch confirmation signatures follow the following mechanism: After receiving the batch data packets, the on-site command terminal first performs a digest operation on the data packets to obtain a fixed-length data digest value. Subsequently, the command terminal calls the command terminal private key stored in its built-in security chip to perform a digital signature operation on the data digest value, generating a digital signature result. The command terminal combines the digital signature result with the signature timestamp and the command terminal identifier into a batch confirmation signature data block, and transmits it back to the portable host via NFC. After receiving it, the portable host control unit calls the preset command terminal public key to decrypt and verify the signature. It compares the decrypted digest value with the locally recalculated batch data packet digest value. If they match, the signature is deemed valid and the data has not been tampered with, and the subsequent signature writing operation is then executed. If they do not match, the verification is deemed to have failed, the control unit outputs an alarm prompt through the portable host's display unit, and the subsequent signature writing process is terminated.

[0060] After receiving the batch confirmation signature, the control unit of the portable host writes the signature into the NFC tag of each corresponding test card through the NFC antenna of each slot.

[0061] This solution leverages the physical security of NFC centimeter-level near-field communication to establish a data exchange channel between the portable host and the command terminal that is difficult to remotely eavesdrop on or hijack. This ensures that the uploading of batch test results and the return of command terminal authorization signatures are both completed within a controllable physical space. After the batch confirmation signatures are written to the NFC tags of each test card, each test card simultaneously carries its own test result data and the command terminal's verification credentials, forming a complete barcode tracking closed loop from "test card insertion timing" to "test result generation" and then to "command terminal verification and authorization." This closed loop upgrades traditional portable blood testing devices from a single-point testing mode operated independently by one person to a distributed authorization system with a command and verification level, effectively meeting the practical needs of centralized quality control and non-repudiation traceability of blood test results in scenarios such as disaster relief and battlefield first aid.

[0062] Furthermore, when the portable host establishes a point-to-point communication link with the field command terminal: the control unit of the portable host sends a temporary session key request to the field command terminal through the NFC read / write array; the field command terminal returns the one-time session key through NFC; before the batch data packets are transmitted, the control unit encrypts them using the one-time session key.

[0063] When establishing a point-to-point communication link between the portable host and the field command terminal, a one-time session key encryption negotiation mechanism is employed. Specifically, before initiating data transmission, the control unit of the portable host first sends a temporary session key request to the field command terminal via the NFC read / write array. The field command terminal responds to this request by sending a one-time session key back to the portable host via its NFC module; this key is valid only for this data transmission session. After receiving the one-time session key, the portable host control unit uses this key to encrypt the batch data packets before sending them, and then transmits the encrypted batch data packets to the field command terminal via the established NFC point-to-point communication link.

[0064] This scheme leverages the extremely short communication range and difficulty in long-distance eavesdropping of NFC to confine the key exchange process to a near-field space at the centimeter level, effectively using the NFC channel as a physically secure out-of-band key distribution channel. The one-time session key ensures that even if the key for a particular communication is cracked, the security of historical or subsequent transmitted data will not be compromised. Thus, batch test result data receives end-to-end encryption protection during transmission. Combined with the aforementioned command-end authorization and signature mechanism, this forms a complete secure communication loop from encrypted data upload to audited signature return, effectively meeting the high security requirements for confidentiality and integrity of blood test data transmission in on-site emergency rescue scenarios.

[0065] Furthermore, when the control unit writes the batch confirmation signature to the NFC tag of each corresponding test card, it also writes the signature timestamp and the command terminal identifier; after the batch confirmation signature is written to the NFC tag of the test card, its storage space is marked as read-only and locked, prohibiting any subsequent write operations.

[0066] When the control unit writes the batch confirmation signature to the NFC tag of the test card, it also simultaneously writes the signature timestamp and the command terminal identifier. The signature timestamp records the precise moment when the command terminal generated the batch confirmation signature, while the command terminal identifier indicates the identity of the command terminal that performed the verification and authorization operation. These three pieces of information—batch confirmation signature, signature timestamp, and command terminal identifier—together constitute a complete set of authorization credentials, ensuring that each test card not only contains the blood test results but also includes authentication information traceable to the specific verification time and the verification entity.

[0067] More importantly, after the aforementioned confirmation certificate information is written, the corresponding storage space of the test card's NFC tag is marked as read-only and locked, physically or logically prohibiting any subsequent write operations. This locking operation solidifies the confirmation certificate and typing results within the test card's NFC tag, fundamentally blocking any attempt to modify or overwrite the confirmed data at the hardware or firmware level. Thus, at the end of the barcode tracking loop, the test card's NFC tag is transformed into an immutable physical digital file. From the timestamp of the sampling time to the test results, and then to the verification and confirmation at the command center, all data throughout the process is completely anchored and cannot be denied or altered, providing legally valid traceability guarantees for on-site blood test results.

[0068] In this embodiment, the read-only locking of the NFC tag is achieved through a locking bit mechanism built into the tag chip. The internal storage space of the selected NFC tag chip is divided into multiple storage pages, each corresponding to an independent locking bit. During the factory initialization phase, each storage page is in a read-write state. After the control unit sequentially writes the batch confirmation signature, signature timestamp, and command terminal identifier into the corresponding storage page, it immediately sends a locking command to the NFC tag. This command sets the locking bit corresponding to the aforementioned storage page from "0" to "1". Once the locking bit is set, the hardware logic layer of the NFC tag chip will permanently prohibit any write or erase operations on the corresponding storage page, and this locking state is irreversible. Those skilled in the art can also adopt other equivalent locking schemes, such as binding write permissions to a one-time password through the NFC tag's password protection mechanism, which is discarded after use, or using a physical fuse-type one-time programmable storage unit, where the physical state of the storage unit cannot be recovered after writing. These alternative schemes should all be considered to fall within the protection scope of this application.

[0069] Furthermore, the on-site command terminal is also configured to: receive batch data packets sent by multiple portable hosts; summarize the batch data packets from all portable hosts, classify and statistically analyze the inspected personnel according to the test result category, generate on-site test results, and display them through its display unit.

[0070] The functionality of the on-site command terminal has been further expanded to include multi-machine networking and situational visualization. The on-site command terminal can receive batch data packets from multiple portable hosts. Each portable host corresponds to one or more on-site blood collection and testing points, completing blood tests on personnel within its jurisdiction and generating and uploading batch data packets. The command terminal aggregates and integrates the batch data packets from all portable hosts, classifying them by test result category, and statistically calculates the number and distribution of test subjects in each category. Based on this, it generates a distribution trend map of on-site test results.

[0071] The specific generation logic of the situation map is as follows: The command terminal maintains a data table indexed by the identifiers of each portable host. Each portable host includes its own location identifier or coordinate information when uploading batch data packets. The command terminal parses each batch data packet one by one, extracts the test results of each test card, and accumulates the number of people tested at each location according to each test result category. At the same time, it performs secondary classification statistics based on other solder powder dimensions. After the statistics are completed, the command terminal generates a visualization graphic according to the preset situation map template. In this embodiment, a composite view combining stacked bar charts and location distribution maps is used: the bar chart uses each test result category as the horizontal axis and the number of people tested as the vertical axis, with different colored blocks representing the contribution of different test locations to the same blood type; the location distribution map is drawn on a preset on-site plan or geographical base map, with each portable host location as the center and the radius proportional to the total number of people tested. The distribution ratio of each test result at that location is displayed in a pie chart format inside the bubble. This composite view enables commanders to grasp the situation on the ground from two dimensions: the overall demand for each type of detection result and the distribution of detection result categories at each location. This provides intuitive and quantitative intelligence support for corresponding resource allocation and evacuation priority decisions.

[0072] The situation map visually presents the distribution and proportion of the number of people tested under different test result categories at various testing points or rescue areas on site, and displays it intuitively through the display unit of the command terminal.

[0073] This solution integrates multiple portable blood testing units operating independently into a collaborative on-site testing network via an NFC secure communication link. The command terminal is no longer merely a one-way node for verification and authorization, but has been elevated to a data aggregation center and decision visualization platform for the entire on-site blood typing operation. By generating real-time distribution maps of test results, the on-site commander can quickly grasp the overall distribution of individuals with various test results across the entire site. This provides real-time, quantitative decision-making basis for resource allocation, classification and transfer, and treatment priority determination. Thus, the portable blood testing system is upgraded from a single-person operation tool to a distributed blood safety information decision-making system supporting emergency command in large-scale casualty events.

[0074] The technical solution of the present invention will be further explained and described below with reference to three specific embodiments: Example 1: Rapid testing scenario for a large number of people in the field This embodiment uses rapid blood screening of a large number of individuals in a field environment as its application scenario. The portable main unit adopts a handheld structure with a shell size of 240mm × 120mm × 45mm. It is made of glass fiber reinforced polycarbonate engineering plastic with an IP54 protection rating, making it suitable for outdoor sand and water splash environments. Six slots are longitudinally arranged on the upper surface of the shell, with a slot spacing of 8mm. Each slot has V-shaped guide grooves on both sides, the width of which matches the thickness of the test card to ensure the test card is smoothly pushed into place. The test card has dimensions of 75mm × 20mm × 2.5mm. The grip end of the card contains an embedded NXP NTAG213 NFC tag chip. This chip conforms to the ISO / IEC 14443 Type A protocol, operates at a frequency of 13.56MHz, and has 144 bytes of non-volatile storage space, divided into an identification area and a data area. The 64 bytes of the data area are used for dynamically writing tracking management data and test result data. Each test card's NFC tag antenna coil is a rectangular PCB printed coil, measuring 15mm × 12mm. The coil plane is parallel to the card body surface, and the installation position is 10mm away from the end of the card body.

[0075] The operator first collected fingertip whole blood samples from six subjects sequentially, adding each sample to the application window of a test card. The samples migrated along the immunochromatographic strip towards the observation window under capillary action, sequentially contacting the pre-coated antibody detection lines for each test item in the reaction area and undergoing antigen-antibody binding reactions. Immediately after sample application, the operator inserted the test cards into slots 1 through 6 of the portable host in sequence. When each test card was pushed to the bottom, the end of the card pressed against a microswitch contact located at the bottom of the slot. The microswitch was an Omron D2F-F model with an actuation force of 0.74N, causing the contact to close and generate a low-to-high voltage level transition signal. The control unit, using an STM32F407 microcontroller, captured the voltage transition of the microswitches in each slot via the GPIO port and sequentially activated the corresponding NFC antenna to write tracking management data to the NFC tag of each test card. The written content included the unique serial number of the test card and the insertion timestamp, with millisecond accuracy provided by the control unit's built-in real-time clock.

[0076] After confirming that all six test cards have been inserted, the operator presses the readout start button on the casing. The control unit enters the readout phase, polling each of the six slots sequentially every 500 milliseconds. It reads the insertion timestamp from the NFC tag on each test card using the NFC antenna corresponding to each slot, and calculates the response time by subtracting the insertion timestamp from the current system time. The preset readout time threshold is set between 600 and 900 seconds. When polling reaches slot 1, the card has been in response for 612 seconds, falling within the threshold range. The control unit marks it as a card to be read and notifies the readout unit to perform image acquisition. Slot 2 has been in response for 598 seconds, not yet reaching the lower threshold limit, so it is not read temporarily and awaits the next polling cycle. The readout unit captures a color image of the test card in slot 1 at a resolution of 800×600 pixels through the observation window area. Under LED white light illumination, it calculates the grayscale ratio of each test line to the control line using a grayscale normalization algorithm. If the grayscale ratio of the test line is greater than 0.3, it is considered positive. The detection results from slot 1 show that detection line A is positive, detection line B is negative, and detection line C is positive. The interpretation unit outputs the detection results and returns them to the control unit. The control unit writes the results into the corresponding field of the NFC tag data area of ​​the detection card via NFC, and simultaneously updates the result list on the LCD screen. As polling continues, the detection cards in slots 2 through 6 reach the interpretation threshold one by one, completing the interpretation and result write-back in sequence. Finally, all the detection results from the six cards are summarized and sent to the field command terminal via Bluetooth communication module. The entire process takes approximately 18 minutes, saving about 60% of the waiting time compared to traditional single-card serial operation.

[0077] Example 2: Adaptive interpretation scenario in a high-temperature desert environment This embodiment uses a desert region with high daytime temperatures as the application scenario, with an ambient temperature of 42℃ and relative humidity of 15%. The portable host integrates a Sensirion SHT30 digital temperature and humidity sensor, which communicates with the control unit via an I2C bus. The sensor element is installed inside the ventilation opening on the side of the housing, and the opening is covered with a dustproof and breathable membrane. The measurement accuracy is ±0.3℃ for temperature and ±2%RH for relative humidity, with a sampling period of 1 second.

[0078] The test cards in this batch were calibrated with compensation curves at the factory. The calibration process was as follows: 50 test cards were randomly selected from the batch and placed under three environmental conditions: 25℃ / 50%RH, 35℃ / 30%RH, and 45℃ / 15%RH. For each condition, 10 test cards were used for sampling, and grayscale monitoring was performed throughout the process. The actual time it took for the grayscale value of the reaction zone to reach a stable plateau was recorded. The average stabilization time of 720 seconds measured under 25℃ / 50%RH was taken as the midpoint of the standard reaction time window, defining the standard window as 600 to 840 seconds. Under 45℃ / 15%RH, the average stabilization time was shortened to 480 seconds, meaning the window should be shifted forward by 240 seconds. The calibration data was stored in the control unit's Flash memory as a two-dimensional array. The index dimensions were temperature values ​​(5℃ step) and humidity values ​​(10%RH step), and the array elements were the corresponding time offset corrections in seconds.

[0079] After adding the sample and inserting the test card, the operator presses the readout start button. When the control unit enters the readout phase, it first reads the current temperature (42℃) and humidity (15%) from the SHT30 sensor. Simultaneously, it reads the preset standard reaction time window (600 seconds, 840 seconds) and temperature compensation coefficient from the test card tag via NFC. The temperature compensation coefficient points to the compensation curve corresponding to the 40-45℃ / 10-20%RH range in the compensation curve family, which provides a correction of -210 seconds. The control unit shifts the start and end points of the standard window forward by 210 seconds along the time axis, obtaining a corrected readout time threshold of 390 to 630 seconds. During subsequent polling, the control unit uses this corrected threshold to determine the readout timing for each test card.

[0080] In this embodiment, all six slots of the portable host are in use, and electromagnetic shielding partitions are installed between adjacent slots. The partitions are made of a composite material with polyphenylene sulfide as the matrix, filled with 60% ferrite powder and 10% short-cut conductive carbon fiber, and injection molded into a rectangular thin plate with a thickness of 1.2mm. At a frequency of 13.56MHz, the shielding effectiveness of this material against the electric field component is measured to be 23dB, and the absorption and attenuation of the magnetic field component is mainly due to the high permeability of the ferrite component. The two sides of the partition are machined into dovetail-shaped cross-sections and inserted into the pre-set dovetail grooves on the housing. After installation, the top of the partition is 3mm higher than the upper edge of the NFC tag of the detection card, ensuring that the entire height area of ​​the tag is shielded. The antenna switching matrix uses two Skyworks SKY13418-485LF single-pole eight-throw RF switches cascaded together. The first-stage switch divides the differential RF output of the NFC controller into two groups, each group connected to a second-stage switch. The six outputs of the second-stage switch are connected to the six NFC antenna coils through an LC impedance matching network. The control unit outputs a 3-bit binary channel selection signal via GPIO, which drives the switch matrix through a 3-to-8 decoder. Channels 1 through 6 are sequentially activated according to a preset timing sequence, with each channel remaining active for 30 milliseconds. A 15-microsecond protection interval is set between switching between adjacent channels. Under this architecture, each detection card is sequentially read within a corrected interpretation window in a high-temperature environment. The detection results of the six cards are completely consistent with the actual sample types, and no weak positives are missed due to accelerated reactions caused by high temperatures.

[0081] Example 3: Command Authority Confirmation and Situation Display Scenario under Multi-Unit Network This embodiment uses a scenario of multiple medical teams collaboratively conducting a blood screening at a disaster site as an example. Three portable hosts, numbered HT-01, HT-02, and HT-03, were deployed on-site, corresponding to the blood collection and testing points of the first, second, and third rescue teams, respectively. Each portable host independently completed blood tests for personnel within its assigned area. After the test results were aggregated locally, they were uploaded to the on-site command terminal via an NFC point-to-point communication link. The on-site command terminal was a ruggedized tablet computer with a built-in NXP PN5180 NFC controller and antenna module, an NXP SE050 security chip, an Intel Atom x7 processor, 8GB of RAM, and 128GB of solid-state storage. It ran a Linux operating system and featured a 10.1-inch sunlight-readable touchscreen.

[0082] After completing blood tests on six individuals within its jurisdiction, the HT-01 portable host generates a batch data packet. This packet, encoded in JSON format, includes the portable host's serial number, the unique NFC serial number of each testing card, the test results for each card, the insertion timestamp for each card, the time stamp for completion of the reading, and the data packet generation timestamp. The total size of the data packet is approximately 2.3KB. Before initiating data transmission, the control unit sends a temporary session key request frame to the on-site command terminal via NFC. The command terminal's internal true random number generator generates a 256-bit one-time session key. The key entropy source is the jitter noise from the chip's built-in ring oscillator, which is transmitted back to the portable host in plaintext via the NFC channel. Upon receiving the session key, the portable host encrypts the JSON plaintext of the batch data packet using the AES-256-GCM algorithm, and adds a 128-bit message authentication code in GCM mode. The encrypted ciphertext data packets are transmitted via an NFC point-to-point communication link. Both communicating parties follow the ISO / IEC 18092 standard, with a physical layer data rate of 424kbps and a link layer that follows the NFC Forum P2P protocol stack's LLCP specification.

[0083] After receiving the encrypted data packet, the command terminal uses the same session key to perform AES-256-GCM decryption and integrity verification. Upon successful verification, the command terminal extracts the detection results from the batch data packets and temporarily stores them in a summary data table in memory. Simultaneously, the command terminal performs SHA-256 digest calculation on the original data packets, obtaining a 32-byte digest value. It then uses the ECC P-256 private key built into the security chip to perform ECDSA digital signature on the digest value, resulting in a 64-byte signature. The command terminal combines the signature result, signature timestamp (Unix timestamp format, accurate to the second), and command terminal identifier (a preset 16-byte device number) into a batch confirmation signature data block, totaling 92 bytes, and transmits it back to the portable host HT-01 via NFC. Upon receiving the signature, the portable host uses the preset ECC P-256 public key to verify the signature. After comparing the decrypted digest value with the locally recalculated SHA-256 digest value, and confirming their consistency, it writes the batch confirmation signature, signature timestamp, and command terminal identifier to the last page of the NFC tag data area of ​​each detection card via the NFC antennas in each slot.

[0084] After writing is complete, the portable host sends a sequence of locking instructions to each NFC tag on the testing card. Taking the NTAG213 chip as an example, the control unit sends a WRITE command to the tag via NFC to modify the corresponding bit of the page lock bytes, setting the lock bit corresponding to the storage page containing the authentication certificate from "0" to "1". After the lock bit is set, the NTAG213 chip's hardware state machine permanently prohibits any write operations to that storage page. This state remains even after the chip is powered off and cannot be recovered. Through this operation, each NFC tag on the testing card is transformed into an immutable physical digital file.

[0085] After receiving batch data packets from the three portable hosts (HT-01, HT-02, and HT-03) and completing signature confirmation, the command terminal initiates the situation map generation process. The data table maintained by the command terminal has accumulated detection data for 18 personnel across the three hosts. Statistical results show 5 people in category one, 6 in category two, 4 in category three, and 3 in category four, with secondary classification statistics based on additional detection dimensions. The situation map is generated using a composite view template: the left side is a stacked bar chart, with each detection result category on the horizontal axis and the number of personnel on the vertical axis, using different colored blocks to distinguish the contribution of the three portable hosts; the right side is a point distribution map, with bubble markers drawn centered on the locations of the three portable hosts on a pre-defined disaster area plan. The bubble radius is proportional to the total number of personnel at each point, and the interior of the bubble is divided by a pie chart to show the distribution ratio of each detection result category at that point. The situation map is displayed in real time on the 10.1-inch touchscreen of the command terminal. The commander can intuitively see the number and distribution of people tested for each test result category across the entire site, and make decisions on the priority allocation direction and quantity of corresponding medical resources accordingly. When a person tested at a certain location is transferred, the command terminal can archive the data of that location and remove it from the situation map through touch operation, maintaining the real-time and accuracy of the situation information.

[0086] The embodiments of the present invention aim to protect a portable blood testing system with NFC barcode tracking, which has the following effects: 1. By configuring an independent antenna channel for each card receiving slot of the portable host, and dynamically writing tracking identification data containing the insertion timestamp to its near-field communication tag through the corresponding antenna channel when the tag carrier is received, the reading device can actively poll the independent insertion time reference recorded by the tags in each receiving slot during the reading phase, calculate the insertion duration of each tag carrier one by one, and then prioritize the tag carriers that meet the preset reading trigger duration to the subsequent processing stage; this solution upgrades the near-field communication tag from a passive tag carrier used only for static identity reading in the existing technology to a unique "dynamic" tag carrier for each detection card. The "Dynamic Time-Sequence Data Recording Carrier" is the first to construct an asynchronous parallel reading scheduling architecture for multiple marker carriers in a single reading device. As a result, while maintaining the compact size of the device, it fundamentally solves the contradiction between insufficient reading throughput and inaccurate triggering timing caused by single-channel serial reading or fixed unified reading triggering time in existing marker carrier reading devices. In field scenarios with dense feeding of multiple marker carriers, it significantly improves the batch reading throughput while ensuring that each marker carrier is triggered for reading at the appropriate timing node, avoiding data omissions and misreads caused by triggering too early or too late. 2. By integrating environmental sensors into the reading device and storing the factory-preset reference timing window and compensation coefficients of the tag carrier in its near-field communication tag, the control unit can read batch-specific compensation parameters from the tag during the reading phase. Combined with real-time environmental data collected on-site, the reading trigger duration is dynamically corrected by searching for compensation curve families and offsetting the start and end points of the timing window. At the same time, the time-division polling dual isolation architecture composed of electromagnetic shielding partitions between adjacent receiving slots and antenna switching matrix ensures that the near-field communication of each tag is not affected by electromagnetic crosstalk between adjacent channels when multiple tag carriers are read in parallel. This solution integrates the adaptive calibration capability of the field environment with the guarantee of multi-channel signal integrity, enabling the tag carrier reading device to autonomously cope with drastic fluctuations in field environmental parameters and batch differences of tag carriers for the first time, as well as effectively suppress crosstalk between dense antenna arrays. This ensures the accuracy and reliability of the data link during the independent reading scheduling of each tag carrier, thereby significantly improving the robustness of the reading device in complex field environments. 3. By introducing a command terminal and utilizing near-field communication point-to-point links to achieve short-range secure data interaction between the reading device and the command terminal, the reading device can generate batch data packets and upload them to the command terminal after summarizing the reading results of the marker carriers in each receiving slot. The command terminal then sends back a batch confirmation signature, and the control unit writes the signature, signature timestamp, and command terminal identifier into the near-field communication tag of each corresponding marker carrier and marks the tag storage space as read-only locked. This scheme constructs a three-stage closed-loop traceability chain from "reading terminal reading" to "command terminal review and confirmation" to "marker carrier physical locking". The centimeter-level short-range characteristics of near-field communication ensure that the batch data upload and confirmation signature return process is difficult to be remotely eavesdropped or tampered with. By networking multiple reading devices, a macroscopic distribution view of the marker carrier data is generated, providing real-time decision-making intelligence for the command level. Thus, the traditional marker carrier reading device is upgraded from an isolated single-machine reading tool to a distributed marker carrier data security management system with secure confirmation, data anti-tampering, and situational visualization capabilities, meeting the needs of high-reliability traceability and centralized control of batch reading results in large-scale field operations.

[0087] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the specific implementation of the present invention. Any modifications or equivalent substitutions that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A portable blood testing system with NFC barcode tracking, characterized in that, include: Portable host, NFC reader / writer array, control unit and judgment unit; The portable host has a housing with multiple slots for receiving multiple detection cards; The NFC read / write array is located inside the portable host and includes multiple NFC antennas configured one-to-one with the multiple slots, used for near-field communication read / write of the NFC tags set on the detection cards inserted in each slot. The control unit is electrically connected to the NFC read / write array and is configured as follows: In response to the insertion of a test card into any of the slots, tracking and management data containing an insertion timestamp is written to the NFC tag of the corresponding test card via the corresponding NFC antenna; During the interpretation phase, the NFC tag of the detection card inserted into each slot is polled sequentially, the corresponding tracking management data is read, and the corresponding response time is calculated based on the insertion timestamp of the detection card. Based on the reaction time, the detection cards that meet the preset reading time threshold are identified as cards to be read; The judgment unit is electrically connected to the control unit and is configured as follows: Receive instructions from the control unit regarding the card to be read; The image of the reaction area of ​​the card to be judged is acquired and blood type typing is performed to generate the typing result data of the card to be judged; The control unit is further configured to write the typing result data into the NFC tag of the corresponding test card through the corresponding NFC antenna, so as to complete the barcode tracking closed loop of the test card, and summarize the typing result data of each slot test card for unified output.

2. The portable blood testing system with NFC barcode tracking according to claim 1, characterized in that, The portable host also integrates an environmental sensor, which is electrically connected to the control unit and is used to detect on-site environmental parameters. The NFC tag of the detection card is pre-set with a standard reaction time window and a temperature compensation coefficient; During the interpretation phase, the control unit reads the standard reaction time window and temperature compensation coefficient through the corresponding NFC antenna, and dynamically corrects the preset interpretation time threshold in combination with the on-site environmental parameters detected by the environmental sensor.

3. The portable blood testing system with NFC barcode tracking according to claim 2, characterized in that, The control unit dynamically corrects the preset reading time threshold in the following manner: Based on the temperature and humidity values ​​in the on-site environmental parameters, a matching compensation curve is found in the family of compensation curves corresponding to the temperature compensation coefficient. The correction amount determined by offsetting the start and end points of the standard reaction time window along the time axis from the compensation curve is used to obtain the corrected interpretation time threshold.

4. The portable blood testing system with NFC barcode tracking according to claim 1, characterized in that, On the casing of the portable host, an electromagnetic shielding partition is provided between adjacent slots; Each NFC antenna in the NFC read / write array is installed at the bottom or side wall of the corresponding slot, and its effective near-field communication range is limited to the physical space of the corresponding slot by the electromagnetic shielding partition. When the control unit polls the NFC tag of the detection card inserted in each slot, it adopts a time-division polling mechanism, which activates only one NFC antenna to perform read and write operations at any given time.

5. The portable blood testing system with NFC barcode tracking according to claim 4, characterized in that, The electromagnetic shielding partition is a detachable structure, made of magnetic and conductive composite material, and is installed in the dovetail groove or T-groove between adjacent slots. When the electromagnetic shielding plate is installed, its top end shall not be lower than the installation height of the NFC tag of the inserted detection card.

6. The portable blood testing system with NFC barcode tracking according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that, The NFC read / write array also includes an antenna switching matrix; The control unit is electrically connected to each of the NFC antennas via the antenna switching matrix; The time-division polling mechanism is as follows: the control unit controls the corresponding switch channels in the antenna switching switch matrix to be turned on in sequence according to a preset timing sequence, so as to distribute the NFC radio frequency signal to the NFC antenna corresponding to the slot in sequence.

7. The portable blood testing system with NFC barcode tracking according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes on-site command terminals; The control unit of the portable host is also configured to generate a batch data packet containing all the classification results after summarizing the classification result data of each slot test card; The portable host and the field command terminal establish a point-to-point communication link via NFC, and the batch data packets are transmitted to the field command terminal. After receiving the batch data packets, the field command terminal transmits the batch confirmation signature back to the NFC read / write array of the portable host via its NFC module. After receiving the batch confirmation signature, the control unit writes the batch confirmation signature into the NFC tag of each corresponding detection card to complete the barcode tracking closed loop with command terminal confirmation.

8. The portable blood testing system with NFC barcode tracking according to claim 7, characterized in that, When the portable host establishes the point-to-point communication link with the field command terminal: The control unit of the portable host sends a temporary session key request to the field command terminal via the NFC read / write array; The on-site command terminal transmits a one-time session key via NFC. Before transmission, the batch data packets are encrypted by the control unit using the one-time session key.

9. The portable blood testing system with NFC barcode tracking according to claim 7, characterized in that, When the control unit writes the batch confirmation signature to the NFC tag of each corresponding detection card, it also writes the signature timestamp and the command terminal identifier. After the batch confirmation signature is written to the NFC tag of the detection card, its storage space is marked as read-only and locked, prohibiting any subsequent write operations.

10. The portable blood testing system with NFC barcode tracking according to any one of claims 7-9, characterized in that, The on-site command terminal is also configured to: Receive batch data packets sent by multiple portable hosts; The system aggregates batch data packets from all portable hosts, categorizes and statistically analyzes the injured according to blood type, generates a blood type distribution map of the scene, and displays it through its display unit.

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