Carbon accounting-based comprehensive evaluation method, device and medium for ecological restoration engineering of waste open-pit mine slope

Abstract

The application provides a kind of based on carbon accounting abandoned open-pit mine slope ecological restoration engineering comprehensive evaluation method, equipment and medium, method includes: to the abandoned open-pit mine slope ecological restoration engineering to be evaluated, obtains the basic engineering data of candidate repair scheme and slope field multi-source image data;Crack segmentation model is handled to multi-source image data using pre-training, extract the slope crack characteristic parameters under the shelter of vegetation, and stability correction factor is calculated according to the slope crack characteristic parameters;Based on the basic engineering data and stability correction factor, an evaluation index system containing carbon emission, carbon sink, construction cost, operation and maintenance cost and stability is constructed;Each index in the evaluation index system is homodirectional and normalized, the weight of each index is determined by using combination weighting method, the comprehensive score of each candidate repair scheme is calculated and sorted, and the comprehensive score sorting result is output.The application realizes multi-dimensional quantitative evaluation considering negative emission effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mine ecological restoration and engineering carbon accounting technology, specifically providing a comprehensive evaluation method, equipment, and medium for ecological restoration projects of abandoned open-pit mine slopes based on carbon accounting. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasingly severe global climate change issue, "dual carbon" targets have become an important guide for high-quality development across various industries. The mining activities of abandoned open-pit mines not only severely damage surface vegetation and topography but also trigger a series of geological disasters such as landslides and collapses. In recent years, mine ecological restoration projects, through vegetation reconstruction and soil improvement, have become an important way to restore the ecosystem function of mining areas and enhance regional carbon sequestration capacity. However, mine ecological restoration projects are inherently complex and systematic projects. How to scientifically and accurately evaluate the comprehensive effectiveness of restoration plans has become a pressing technical challenge in the field of environmental geotechnical engineering.

[0003] Currently, evaluations of ecological restoration of abandoned open-pit mines often focus on single ecological or geological safety indicators. On the one hand, in terms of carbon accounting, existing calculation methods are often limited to assessing the carbon sequestration of vegetation and soil after restoration, or simply using empirical formulas to estimate carbon emissions during the construction phase, failing to comprehensively cover the entire life cycle from safety design, material production, and material transportation to construction and operation and maintenance. At the same time, traditional accounting models usually ignore the huge transportation energy consumption generated by the mine's unique "external transport of slope-cutting soil," and rarely take into account the carbon emissions from construction operations and subsequent management activities, resulting in significant deviations in the calculation of carbon emissions throughout the entire life cycle, making it difficult to truly reflect the net carbon benefits of the project.

[0004] On the other hand, in assessing the geological safety of slopes, traditional stability evaluations mainly rely on manual on-site investigations or conventional sensor monitoring. However, in ecological restoration projects, with the coverage and growth of vegetation, a large number of potential cracks are obscured by plant branches and leaves, making it difficult for traditional optical imaging to effectively extract the characteristics of slender cracks. Furthermore, most existing evaluation methods separate "geological stability" from "carbon sink benefits," lacking a dynamic correction mechanism that can deeply integrate the two. When minor deformations occur on the slope, the existing system cannot promptly convert them into quantitative risk penalty coefficients to correct the overall score, leading to the final selected restoration plan often being inconclusive. Either it excessively pursues high carbon sinks while ignoring potential landslide risks, or it adopts high-energy-consuming and high-emission engineering measures for absolute safety, failing to achieve the optimal balance between low carbon emissions and high geological safety.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a comprehensive evaluation method for ecological restoration projects of abandoned open-pit mine slopes that can accurately extract the characteristics of hidden cracks, accurately calculate carbon emissions throughout the entire life cycle, and take into account both geological safety and environmental benefits, so as to provide scientific and reliable data support and decision-making basis for green governance of mines. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings, this invention is proposed to provide solutions or at least partially solve the problems of unclear life-cycle carbon emission accounting boundaries, omission of energy consumption for human activities and earthwork transportation, difficulty in identifying slope cracks under vegetation cover, and the disconnect between geological safety and carbon sink benefit evaluation in the evaluation of ecological restoration projects for abandoned open-pit mine slopes.

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a comprehensive evaluation method for ecological restoration projects of abandoned open-pit mine slopes based on carbon accounting, comprising the following steps: For the ecological restoration project of the abandoned open-pit mine slope to be evaluated, obtain basic engineering data of candidate restoration schemes and multi-source image data of the slope site; The multi-source image data is processed using a pre-trained crack segmentation model to extract slope crack feature parameters under vegetation cover, and a stability correction factor is calculated based on the slope crack feature parameters. Based on the aforementioned basic engineering data and the aforementioned stability correction factor, an evaluation index system is constructed that includes carbon emissions, carbon sinks, construction costs, operation and maintenance costs, and stability; wherein, the calculation of carbon emissions is based on a full life cycle assessment model. The indicators in the evaluation index system are normalized and aligned, and the weights of each indicator are determined by a combination weighting method. The comprehensive scores of each candidate repair scheme are calculated and sorted, and the comprehensive score ranking results are output.

[0008] Preferably, the life cycle assessment model divides the calculation boundary of carbon emissions into the safety design stage, material production stage, material transportation stage, construction stage, and operation and maintenance stage; The carbon emissions during the material transportation phase include the energy consumption for transporting excavated soil from the slope. The carbon emissions during the construction and operation / maintenance phases include carbon emissions from human activities.

[0009] Preferably, the multi-source image data is processed using a pre-trained crack segmentation model to extract feature parameters of slope cracks under vegetation cover, including: The multi-source image data is input into the FSAS crack segmentation model based on YOLOv8; The FSAS crack segmentation model includes a frequency-domain dynamic convolution module embedded in the backbone network, a frequency-domain perceptual feature fusion module embedded in the neck network, and a self-attention strip segmentation module embedded in the segmentation detection head. Output a pixel-level segmentation mask for cracks, and extract one or more crack feature parameters from the crack length, average width, maximum width, crack area ratio, skeleton length density, and distribution density based on the crack pixel-level segmentation mask.

[0010] Preferably, the stability correction factor is calculated based on the slope crack characteristic parameters, including: A fuzzy evaluation set was established, and the slope's resistance to sliding and collapse was scored based on expert experience to obtain an initial stability score. A stability correction factor is constructed based on the crack characteristic parameters; The initial stability score is corrected using the stability correction factor to obtain the final stability index value.

[0011] Preferably, the formula for calculating the total carbon emissions over the entire life cycle is: in, These represent the carbon emissions during the safety design phase, material production phase, material transportation phase, construction phase, and operation and maintenance phase, respectively.

[0012] Preferably, the carbon emissions E during the material production stage p Carbon emissions during the material transportation phase E t The calculation models are as follows: Among them, M i For the amount of material of type i, F mi The carbon emission factor is for material of type i; the material includes one or more of steel, concrete, geotextiles, and vegetation substrates. Among them, Q j The quality of the j-th transported object includes the quality of incoming building materials and the quality of excavated earthwork transported away; D j For transport distance; F tj Emission factor per unit turnover.

[0013] Preferably, the carbon emissions E during the construction phase c Carbon emissions during operation and maintenance phase E m The calculation models all include energy consumption and human activities: Among them, G ci Gmi These represent the energy consumption of type i in each stage; F ei Corresponding energy emission factor; H is anthropogenic carbon emissions per unit time; J c J m These represent the total man-hours for the construction and maintenance phases, respectively.

[0014] Preferably, the evaluation index system further includes a net carbon index N, which characterizes the net environmental benefit. The life cycle assessment model determines the net carbon index N by calculating the difference between total carbon emissions and carbon sequestration, and its calculation formula is as follows: Among them, C sink To calculate the carbon sequestration generated during the operation and maintenance phase of the remediation project, E total This refers to the total carbon emissions over the entire life cycle.

[0015] Secondly, the present invention provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the comprehensive evaluation method for ecological restoration of abandoned open-pit mine slopes based on carbon accounting.

[0016] Thirdly, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein when the program is executed by a processor, it implements the comprehensive evaluation method for ecological restoration projects of abandoned open-pit mine slopes based on carbon accounting.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. This invention addresses the characteristics of abandoned open-pit mine slope engineering by expanding the accounting boundary from a single construction phase to the entire process of "design-production-transportation-construction-maintenance". It also specifically incorporates the accounting of "slope cutting earthwork transportation" and "artificial carbon emissions", filling the gap in the boundary definition of existing evaluation methods and enabling carbon emission accounting for different technical routes (such as heavy engineering methods and heavy ecological methods) to have a unified and comparable caliber.

[0018] 2. This invention constructs a net carbon index based on the full life cycle theory. By deducting the carbon sinks of vegetation and soil during the operation and maintenance phase, it can intuitively quantify the "negative emission" potential of the restoration project, fill the gap in the traditional evaluation that lacks the deduction and accounting of "engineering carbon sinks", and accurately reflect the environmental advantages of flexible ecological restoration technology in the long term.

[0019] 3. This invention constructs a five-dimensional evaluation system of "green (carbon emission / carbon sink) + economy (construction / operation and maintenance) + safety (stability)", and uses the range transformation method and the combined weighting method to solve the problem of inconsistent indicator dimensions, realizing the transformation from single-objective evaluation to multi-objective comprehensive decision-making, and providing a quantitative basis for the scientific comparison and selection of abandoned mine governance schemes.

[0020] 4. This invention introduces a crack segmentation model based on frequency domain perception and strip attention as an auxiliary evaluation tool, constructing a stability index acquisition mechanism of "expert experience + intelligent monitoring". By using an AI model to perform high-precision quantitative identification of slope cracks and generate correction factors, it effectively overcomes the subjective defects of traditional manual visual evaluation, solves the problem of difficulty in verifying the stability of flexible ecological restoration schemes due to surface vegetation shading, and significantly improves the credibility of the comprehensive evaluation results. Attached Figure Description

[0021] The disclosure of this invention will become more readily understood with reference to the accompanying drawings. It will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that these drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this invention. Furthermore, similar numbers in the drawings are used to denote similar components, wherein: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main steps of a comprehensive evaluation method for ecological restoration of abandoned open-pit mine slopes based on carbon accounting, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the evaluation system architecture according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the effect of using the YOLOv8-FSAS model to intelligently identify and extract parameters of slope cracks according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0024] Some embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art should understand that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical principles of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] like Figure 1 As shown, this invention provides a comprehensive evaluation method for ecological restoration projects of abandoned open-pit mine slopes based on carbon accounting, including the following steps: Step S1: For the ecological restoration project of the abandoned open-pit mine slope to be evaluated, obtain the basic engineering data of the candidate restoration schemes and the multi-source image data of the slope site. The basic engineering data for candidate restoration schemes includes a bill of materials, construction organization parameters, and project cost data. Specifically, the bill of materials includes the models, specifications, and actual quantities of various restoration materials such as steel, concrete, vegetation substrates, and geosynthetics; the construction organization parameters include the types of machinery and equipment used, equipment operating hours, and the overall construction period; and the project cost data includes the unit price of various materials, on-site construction costs, and subsequent operation and maintenance costs. Of course, the basic engineering data is not limited to the above-listed scenarios, and those skilled in the art can flexibly supplement or adjust the data types according to the topographical conditions, restoration level, and construction conditions of the abandoned open-pit mine slope.

[0026] Multi-source imagery data for slope observation includes one or more of visible light images, infrared images, and drone aerial images, which can be flexibly selected based on the vegetation cover and slope shading conditions. Visible light images are primarily used to identify the macroscopic morphology, size, and distribution of cracks in exposed areas of the slope surface; infrared images are used to detect thermal anomalies in vegetated areas. Because soil moisture evaporates faster in cracked areas, and the temperature differs significantly from the surrounding intact soil, this feature can be used to accurately identify hidden cracks under vegetation cover, effectively improving the overall detection rate of slope cracks in complex scenarios.

[0027] Step S2: Process the multi-source image data using a pre-trained crack segmentation model, extract slope crack feature parameters under vegetation shading, and calculate the stability correction factor based on the slope crack feature parameters. Preferably, the crack segmentation model used in step S2 is the FSAS crack segmentation model based on YOLOv8. This model is built on a deep learning semantic segmentation network and is specifically adapted to crack identification in complex scenarios of abandoned open-pit mine slopes. The input is multi-source image data of the slope, and the output is pixel-level accurate crack segmentation results.

[0028] Specifically, the training method of the FSAS crack segmentation model is as follows: collect no less than 5,000 sets of image data of abandoned open-pit mine slopes under different working conditions. The image samples cover different slope gradients, different vegetation coverage, different light intensities, and different weather scenarios to ensure the comprehensiveness and universality of the samples. Professional geological engineers perform pixel-level crack annotation on all image samples, divide them into training sets, validation sets, and test sets, and form a standardized model training dataset. The model uses a weighted combination of cross-entropy loss function and Dice loss function to construct the loss function, and completes iterative training and parameter optimization.

[0029] More preferably, the FSAS crack segmentation model includes a frequency domain dynamic convolution module embedded in the backbone network, a frequency domain perceptual feature fusion module embedded in the neck network, and a self-attention strip segmentation module embedded in the segmentation detection head. It can effectively suppress complex background noise such as slope soil texture, weeds, and light and shadow changes, while strengthening the feature response weights of slender cracks on the slope, and greatly improving the recognition accuracy of hidden cracks and fine cracks.

[0030] Specifically, the frequency domain dynamic convolution module uses Fourier transform, frequency band division, and spectrum gating to suppress non-crack high-frequency responses caused by rock surface texture, vegetation shadows, and changes in illumination, while preserving crack edge features; the frequency domain perceptual feature fusion module is used to fuse crack edge features and structural features at different scales; the self-attention strip segmentation module includes self-attention units and strip convolution units, wherein the strip convolution units use 1×k and k×1 strip convolution kernels to enhance the continuous response of slender cracks and discontinuous cracks along the extension direction; Output a pixel-level segmentation mask for cracks, and extract one or more crack feature parameters from the crack length, average width, maximum width, crack area ratio, skeleton length density, and distribution density based on the crack pixel-level segmentation mask.

[0031] More preferably, the FSAS crack segmentation model is an improved version of the YOLOv8-Seg network, including a frequency domain dynamic convolution module, a frequency domain perceptual feature fusion module, and a self-attention strip segmentation module.

[0032] The frequency domain dynamic convolution module is embedded in the YOLOv8-Seg backbone network to replace part of the original C2f module. This module uses Fourier transform to convert spatial domain features to the frequency domain, and distinguishes high-frequency features of crack edges from non-crack high-frequency noise such as rock surface texture, vegetation shadows, and illumination changes through frequency band division and spectrum gating mechanisms, thereby achieving background noise suppression and crack edge enhancement.

[0033] A frequency-domain-aware feature fusion module is embedded in the neck network of YOLOv8-Seg to improve the original multi-scale feature fusion structure. This module fuses shallow crack edge information with deep semantic information through high- and low-frequency feature alignment and cross-scale fusion, reducing information loss during downsampling of small cracks and weak-contrast cracks.

[0034] The self-attention strip segmentation module is embedded in the YOLOv8-Seg segmentation detection head. This module differs from conventional attention mechanisms such as SE and CBAM: SE mainly emphasizes channel weights, and CBAM mainly emphasizes channels and spatially salient regions. However, this module is designed for the characteristics of long, discontinuous, and highly directional cracks in open-pit mines. It establishes the correlation between distant pixels in the crack region through self-attention units and enhances the continuous response of the crack along the extension direction through 1×k and k×1 strip convolution kernels.

[0035] Alternatively, the crack segmentation model can also employ conventional semantic segmentation networks such as U-Net, DeepLabv3+, and Mask R-CNN. Specifically, the aforementioned basic network structures are selected, and the network parameters are optimized through specialized fine-tuning training based on a vegetation-covered slope crack annotation dataset to suit the open-pit mine slope crack recognition scenario. Regardless of the network structure used, as long as pixel-level crack segmentation of slope images and accurate output of crack features can be achieved, it is acceptable.

[0036] In one embodiment, a pre-trained crack segmentation model is used to process the multi-source image data to extract feature parameters of slope cracks under vegetation cover, including: Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery, close-range photographic imagery, or multi-temporal inspection imagery are input into the FSAS crack segmentation model based on an improvement of YOLOv8-Seg. First, the input imagery is processed by the backbone network. The frequency domain dynamic convolution module in the backbone network performs Fourier transform on the features and weakens the non-crack noise response corresponding to rock surface texture, vegetation shadows, and illumination changes through frequency band division and spectral gating, while preserving crack edge features.

[0037] Secondly, the frequency domain-aware feature fusion module in the neck network performs cross-scale fusion of shallow crack edge features and deep semantic features, enhancing the expressive power of small cracks, weak contrast cracks and discontinuous cracks in multi-scale feature maps.

[0038] Finally, the self-attention strip segmentation module in the segmentation detection head generates a pixel-level segmentation mask for the cracks. Specifically, the self-attention unit generates Q, K, and V features through 1×1 convolution, and then applies them according to A=Softmax(QK). T / √d) Calculate attention weights between spatial locations to enhance the long-range continuity of cracks; strip convolution units use 1×k and k×1 depth convolutions to extract strip responses in the horizontal and vertical directions to enhance the continuous representation of slender cracks along the extension direction.

[0039] Based on the crack pixel-level segmentation mask, one or more crack feature parameters are further extracted from crack length, average width, maximum width, crack area ratio, skeleton length density and distribution density, and the crack feature parameters are used for subsequent calculation of stability correction factor.

[0040] In one embodiment, the stability correction factor is calculated based on the slope crack characteristic parameters, including: A fuzzy evaluation grading set for slope stability is pre-built. Combining industry standards and the professional experience of multiple geological experts, each item of slope anti-sliding performance and anti-collapse performance is quantitatively scored to generate an initial slope stability score. Combining the deterioration influence weights of parameters such as crack length, width, and distribution density, a stability correction factor in the form of a quantitative expression is constructed. The initial stability score is converted and corrected using the stability correction factor to output the final slope stability index value.

[0041] Of course, the construction of stability correction factors is not limited to establishing quantitative formulas based on crack parameters. It can also incorporate slope geotechnical test indicators and slope topographic gradient parameters to participate in the fitting of correction factors. Those skilled in the art can flexibly adjust the construction logic in combination with the actual geological conditions of the mining area.

[0042] Step S3: Based on the basic engineering data and the stability correction factor, construct an evaluation index system that includes carbon emissions, carbon sinks, construction costs, operation and maintenance costs, and stability; wherein, the calculation of carbon emissions is based on a life cycle assessment model. In one embodiment, the life cycle assessment model divides the calculation boundary of carbon emissions into a safety design stage, a material production stage, a material transportation stage, a construction stage, and an operation and maintenance stage; wherein, the carbon emissions of the material transportation stage include the energy consumption of transporting excavated soil from the slope; and the carbon emissions of the construction stage and the operation and maintenance stage both include carbon emissions from human activities.

[0043] The formula for calculating the total carbon emissions over the entire life cycle is as follows: in, These represent the carbon emissions during the safety design phase, material production phase, material transportation phase, construction phase, and operation and maintenance phase, respectively.

[0044] The carbon emissions during the material production stage are E p Carbon emissions during the material transportation phase E t The calculation models are as follows: Among them, M i For the amount of material of type i, F mi The carbon emission factor is for material of type i; the material includes one or more of steel, concrete, geotextiles, and vegetation substrates. Among them, Q jThe quality of the j-th transported object includes the quality of incoming building materials and the quality of excavated earthwork transported away; D j For transport distance; F tj Emission factor per unit turnover.

[0045] Carbon emissions during the construction phase E c Carbon emissions during operation and maintenance phase E m The calculation models all include energy consumption and human activities: Among them, G ci G mi These represent the energy consumption of type i in each stage; F ei Corresponding energy emission factor; H is anthropogenic carbon emissions per unit time; J c J m These represent the total man-hours for the construction and maintenance phases, respectively.

[0046] Preferably, the evaluation index system further includes a net carbon index N, which characterizes the net environmental benefit. The life cycle assessment model determines the net carbon index N by calculating the difference between total carbon emissions and carbon sequestration, and its calculation formula is as follows: If N < 0, it means that the carbon sink of the project is greater than the carbon emissions (i.e., "negative emissions") throughout its entire life cycle; if N > 0, it means that the project is a carbon source. This indicator is used to intuitively quantify the net environmental benefits of the project.

[0047] Among them, C sink To calculate the carbon sequestration generated during the operation and maintenance phase of the remediation project, E total This refers to the total carbon emissions over the entire life cycle.

[0048] The carbon sink The calculation comprehensively considers both vegetation carbon sequestration and soil carbon sequestration; its calculation model is as follows: Specifically, the following conditions are met: in, This represents the annual carbon sequestration per unit area of ​​plant vegetation. The vegetation cover area; The service life is the design life of the project. This represents the incremental change in the soil organic carbon pool during the project cycle.

[0049] In an alternative implementation, the life-cycle accounting boundary can be further expanded to include carbon emissions during the project decommissioning and demolition phase. This involves conducting carbon emission statistics for vegetation degradation and facility dismantling and removal in the later stages of mine slope restoration projects. Technical personnel can expand the accounting phases according to the required level of evaluation granularity. Step S4: Normalize and standardize the various indicators in the evaluation index system, determine the weight of each indicator using the combined weighting method, calculate the comprehensive score of each candidate repair scheme and sort them, and output the comprehensive score ranking result.

[0050] In a preferred embodiment, the indicator homogenization process involves uniformly converting negative indicators of cost and carbon emissions, and positive indicators of stability and carbon sinks, to the same evaluation trend; the normalization process uses the extreme value method to eliminate the differences in the dimensions of different indicators; the combined weighting method integrates the subjective weighting results of the analytic hierarchy process and the objective weighting results of the entropy weighting method to obtain the final weight of each indicator, and the weighted sum is used to obtain the comprehensive score of a single candidate scheme. The schemes are ranked from high to low according to their scores, and the results are output.

[0051] The weight calculation model for the combined weighting method is as follows: in, Let be the final weight of the j-th indicator; Subjective weights in AHP based on expert scoring; For objective weights based on the entropy weight method; Combination coefficients ranging from 0 to 1; preferred =0.5; In alternative implementations, normalization can also use the standard deviation method, and combined weighting can be replaced by the CRITIC-AHP coupled weighting method. There is no limitation on specific mathematical algorithms, as long as they can objectively quantify the weights of each indicator and achieve quantitative ranking of the merits of the schemes.

[0052] The following example uses the slope restoration project of the abandoned quarry in Shanyin'ao, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, to compare and select the best restoration scheme based on the comprehensive evaluation method of ecological restoration engineering of abandoned open-pit mine slopes according to the present invention. This project is located in a low-hilly area on the edge of a plain, with significant potential for landslides. To balance safety and ecological restoration, three typical restoration schemes were designed: Scheme 1 uses flexible active mesh support combined with hydroseeding and revegetation technology, emphasizing flexible protection and ecological preservation; Scheme 2 uses anchor grid support combined with hydroseeding and revegetation technology, which is a semi-rigid support; Scheme 3 uses shotcrete support technology, which is a traditional rigid enclosure treatment. This embodiment sets the evaluation period to 30 years, aiming to select the optimal treatment scheme through full life-cycle quantitative analysis.

[0053] First, step S1 is executed to define the accounting boundaries and phase divisions. For the aforementioned ecological restoration project of the abandoned open-pit mine slope, its entire life cycle is divided into five parts: safety design phase, material production phase, material transportation phase, construction phase, and operation and maintenance phase. The accounting boundaries not only include conventional building material production and construction machinery energy consumption, but also specifically cover the transportation process of materials from the production site to the site, the removal of excavated soil from the slope, and the maintenance and management and vegetation carbon sequestration process for up to 30 years after project completion. Data for each phase mainly comes from the bill of quantities, construction organization design, and site survey data.

[0054] Then, step S2 is executed to perform inventory-based carbon emission accounting. A phased model is constructed based on the emission factor method. The accounting for the material production stage shows that Scheme 1, mainly consuming steel wire and anchor bolts, has a carbon emission of 1338.48 tons, significantly lower than the 2834.25 tons emitted by Scheme 3 due to the large-scale use of cement and concrete. In the transportation stage, this embodiment includes the removal of excess soil from slope cutting in the accounting scope, calculating transportation emissions of 8.93 tons, 14.12 tons, and 11.77 tons for the three schemes, respectively. In the construction stage, this method specifically introduces the artificial carbon emission factor (valued at 2.083 kg / h) and mechanical energy consumption for joint accounting. The results show that Scheme 1, due to its simple construction, has an emission of only 22.76 tons, while Scheme 3, due to its long construction period and large labor input, has an emission of 38.88 tons. Summarizing the data from each stage, the total carbon emissions for all stages of the project for Schemes 1, 2, and 3 are... The figures are 1371.48 tons, 2523.93 tons and 2885.95 tons respectively.

[0055] Next, step S3 is performed to calculate carbon sequestration and net carbon index. For the operation and maintenance phase, the carbon sequestration effects of vegetation photosynthesis and soil organic matter are comprehensively considered. The calculation results show that Scheme 1, by preserving the original vegetation on the slope to the maximum extent and implementing revegetation, generates a carbon sequestration amount ( ) over a 30-year period. Option 1 results in a carbon sequestration of 6293.02 tons; Option 2, due to the lattice beams occupying part of the planting space, has a carbon sequestration of 4533.36 tons; while Option 3, with its hardened concrete layer completely blocking the ecological cycle, has a carbon sequestration of 0 tons. (Based on the formula...) Net carbon emissions were calculated, and Scheme 1 had a net carbon emission of -4921.54 tons, which is negative, indicating that the scheme achieved a significant "negative emission" effect. In contrast, Scheme 3 had a net carbon emission of 2885.95 tons, which showed characteristics of a high carbon source.

[0056] Next, step S4 is executed to construct a comprehensive evaluation index system. This embodiment establishes an evaluation system containing five dimensions: carbon emission index, carbon sink index, construction cost index, operation and maintenance cost index, and stability index. The basic data (carbon emission, carbon sink, and cost) calculation results for each scheme are as follows: Scheme 1 has carbon emissions of 1371.48 tons, carbon sink of 6293.02 tons, construction cost of 1.85 million yuan, and operation and maintenance cost of 520,000 yuan; the corresponding data for Scheme 2 are 2523.93 tons, 4533.36 tons, 4.25 million yuan, and 460,000 yuan; the corresponding data for Scheme 3 are 2885.95 tons, 0 tons, 3.75 million yuan, and 720,000 yuan.

[0057] For stability indices, this index characterizes the slope's resistance to sliding and collapse. In this embodiment, to improve the quantitative accuracy of stability evaluation, an automated detection technology based on deep learning is used as an auxiliary means. Specifically, a lightweight segmentation model based on frequency domain perception and strip attention (YOLOv8-FSAS) is used to identify slope images, extract parameters such as crack length, width, and distribution density, construct a quantitative stability correction factor, and use it to correct the initial fuzzy evaluation results given by experts. For example, the initial expert score for Scheme 1 was 85 points. Model monitoring showed that its crack propagation rate was significantly lower than that of the unsupported area. After generating a positive correction factor for correction, the final quantitative stability score was 93 points. Similarly, the final stability scores for Scheme 2 and Scheme 3 were 95 points and 87 points, respectively.

[0058] Finally, step S5 is executed to conduct a multi-dimensional comprehensive evaluation. Based on the indicator attributes, carbon sinks and stability are classified as extremely large indicators, while carbon emissions, construction costs, and operation and maintenance costs are classified as extremely small indicators. The range transformation method is used to standardize and normalize the data. Subsequently, a combined weighting method of "AHP method + entropy weight method" is used to determine the weights, and the weights for carbon emissions, carbon sinks, construction costs, operation and maintenance costs, and stability are calculated to be 0.199, 0.254, 0.164, 0.115, and 0.269, respectively. Based on the standardized data and weights, the comprehensive score is calculated. The final results show that: Scheme 1 has a comprehensive score of 0.91, ranking first; Scheme 2 has a score of 0.45, ranking second; and Scheme 3 has a score of 0.17, ranking third.

[0059] In summary, the evaluation results show that although Scheme 1 (flexible active net support) scored slightly lower than Scheme 2 in stability, it achieved the highest overall score due to its superior carbon sequestration capacity (high weighting) and lower construction cost. This result quantitatively demonstrates the significant comprehensive advantages of flexible ecological restoration technology under the "dual carbon" objective, consistent with the actual engineering optimization results, thus verifying the scientific validity and effectiveness of the evaluation method of this invention.

[0060] Example 2 An electronic device includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the program, it implements the comprehensive evaluation method for ecological restoration projects of abandoned open-pit mine slopes based on carbon accounting.

[0061] Example 3 The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium. In one embodiment of the present invention, the computer-readable storage medium can be configured to store a program that executes the comprehensive evaluation method for ecological restoration engineering of abandoned open-pit mine slopes based on carbon accounting, as described in the above-described method embodiments. This program can be loaded and run by a processor to implement the aforementioned comprehensive evaluation method for ecological restoration engineering of abandoned open-pit mine slopes based on carbon accounting. For ease of explanation, only the parts related to the embodiments of the present invention are shown; for specific technical details not disclosed, please refer to the method section of the embodiments of the present invention. The computer-readable storage medium can be a storage device comprising various electronic devices. Optionally, in the embodiments of the present invention, the computer-readable storage medium is a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium.

[0062] The technical solution of the present invention has been described above with reference to the preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of protection of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Without departing from the principles of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make equivalent changes or substitutions to the original technical features, and the technical solutions resulting from these changes or substitutions will all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A comprehensive evaluation method for ecological restoration projects of abandoned open-pit mine slopes based on carbon accounting, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: For the ecological restoration project of the abandoned open-pit mine slope to be evaluated, obtain basic engineering data of candidate restoration schemes and multi-source image data of the slope site; The multi-source image data is processed using a pre-trained crack segmentation model to extract slope crack feature parameters under vegetation cover, and a stability correction factor is calculated based on the slope crack feature parameters. Based on the aforementioned basic engineering data and the aforementioned stability correction factor, an evaluation index system is constructed that includes carbon emissions, carbon sinks, construction costs, operation and maintenance costs, and stability; wherein, the calculation of carbon emissions is based on a full life cycle assessment model. The indicators in the evaluation index system are normalized and aligned, and the weights of each indicator are determined by a combination weighting method. The comprehensive scores of each candidate repair scheme are calculated and sorted, and the comprehensive score ranking results are output.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The life cycle assessment model divides the calculation boundary of carbon emissions into the safety design stage, material production stage, material transportation stage, construction stage, and operation and maintenance stage. The carbon emissions during the material transportation phase include the energy consumption for transporting excavated soil from the slope. The carbon emissions during the construction and operation / maintenance phases include carbon emissions from human activities.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-source image data is processed using a pre-trained crack segmentation model to extract feature parameters of slope cracks under vegetation cover, including: The multi-source image data is input into the FSAS crack segmentation model based on YOLOv8; The FSAS crack segmentation model includes a frequency domain dynamic convolution module embedded in the backbone network, a frequency domain perceptual feature fusion module embedded in the neck network, and a self-attention strip segmentation module embedded in the segmentation detection head. Output a pixel-level segmentation mask for cracks, and extract one or more crack feature parameters from the crack length, average width, maximum width, crack area ratio, skeleton length density, and distribution density based on the crack pixel-level segmentation mask.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The stability correction factor is calculated based on the slope crack characteristic parameters, including: A fuzzy evaluation set was established, and the slope's resistance to sliding and collapse was scored based on expert experience to obtain an initial stability score. A stability correction factor is constructed based on the crack characteristic parameters; The initial stability score is corrected using the stability correction factor to obtain the final stability index value.

5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the total carbon emissions over the entire life cycle is as follows: in, These represent the carbon emissions during the safety design phase, material production phase, material transportation phase, construction phase, and operation and maintenance phase, respectively.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The carbon emissions during the material production stage are E p Carbon emissions during the material transportation phase E t The calculation models are as follows: Among them, M i For the amount of material of type i, F mi The carbon emission factor is for material of type i; the material includes one or more of steel, concrete, geotextiles, and vegetation substrates. Among them, Q j The quality of the j-th transported object includes the quality of incoming building materials and the quality of excavated earthwork transported away; D j For transport distance; F tj Emission factor per unit turnover.

7. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, Carbon emissions during the construction phase E c Carbon emissions during operation and maintenance phase E m The calculation models all include energy consumption and human activities: Among them, G ci G mi These represent the energy consumption of type i in each stage; F ei Corresponding energy emission factor; H is anthropogenic carbon emissions per unit time; J c J m These represent the total man-hours for the construction and maintenance phases, respectively.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The evaluation index system also includes a net carbon index N, which characterizes net environmental benefits. The life cycle assessment model determines the net carbon index N by calculating the difference between total carbon emissions and carbon sequestration. The calculation formula is as follows: Among them, C sink To calculate the carbon sequestration generated during the operation and maintenance phase of the remediation project, E total This refers to the total carbon emissions over the entire life cycle.

9. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the program, it implements the comprehensive evaluation method for ecological restoration projects of abandoned open-pit mine slopes based on carbon accounting as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When executed by the processor, the program implements the comprehensive evaluation method for ecological restoration projects of abandoned open-pit mine slopes based on carbon accounting as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

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