Design method of dot matrix vector pattern and color photovoltaic module, color photovoltaic module, system

Abstract

The application discloses a design method of dot vector pattern applied to a color photovoltaic module, the color photovoltaic module and a design method and a design system thereof, the design method of the dot vector pattern converts an arbitrary specified image into a dot vector pattern meeting energy conversion efficiency and resolution requirements. The color photovoltaic module comprises the dot vector pattern, the dot vector pattern comprises a plurality of reference dot vector units, each reference dot vector unit comprises a reference pattern formed by a plurality of isolated dots in a specific arrangement mode, the reference pattern has different visual effects and different styles, and gaps between the isolated dots allow more sunlight to penetrate to underlying photovoltaic (PV) cells, thereby optimizing energy collection, ensuring not only the energy conversion efficiency of the color photovoltaic module but also that all the cells receive uniform solar irradiation, and effectively relieving the hotspot effect commonly seen in BI PV modules.

Description

[0001] Priority application

[0002] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 2025103536061, filed March 24, 2025, entitled "Colored Photovoltaic Module and Design Method Thereof, Renewable Energy Generator", and Singapore Patent Application No. 10202500754Y, filed March 24, 2025, entitled "Image-Based Photovoltaic Integrated Dot Matrix Pattern Enhancement", both of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Technical Field

[0003] This invention relates to the field of color photovoltaic panel technology, and more specifically, to a design method for dot matrix vector patterns applied to color photovoltaic modules, as well as a color photovoltaic module and its design method and dot matrix vector pattern design system. Background Technology

[0004] Colored photovoltaic (PV) panels have emerged as a promising approach to integrating solar power generation into buildings and urban landscapes, offering both functional and aesthetic advantages. However, introducing color into PV panels presents challenges that need to be addressed. Traditional PV panels prioritize energy conversion efficiency, but when color is added, the absorption and utilization of light at different wavelengths become more complex, resulting in colored PV panels typically exhibiting lower energy conversion efficiency than traditional panels. For example, black, due to its lower reflectivity, typically has a 1-3% higher energy conversion efficiency than blue panels. However, through proper design, colored PV panels can present a variety of colors while maintaining a certain level of power generation efficiency.

[0005] The application of colored photovoltaic panels is mainly divided into two types: BAPV (Building-Applied PV), which involves adding photovoltaic panels (such as roof supports) to the surface of existing buildings; and BIPV (Building-Integrated Photovoltaics), where photovoltaic modules serve as structural or decorative materials for the building itself (such as photovoltaic glass curtain walls and photovoltaic tiles), replacing traditional building materials (such as glass, exterior walls, and roof tiles) to achieve the dual goals of power generation and building function. However, regardless of whether it's BAPV, BIPV, or other photovoltaic panels, energy conversion efficiency must be considered. To ensure energy conversion efficiency, various colored photovoltaic panels have been proposed in existing technologies. The US patent application US20180122973A1 describes a layered structure for a solar panel, including patterned layers, used to integrate solar cells into the rest of the solar tile, thus hiding them from view and achieving camouflage for the solar panel. US Patent Application US20220336686A1 describes a solar module with arranged battery fingers and a recessed front panel. It integrates the solar module into a building by creating a second textured pattern on the front panel to avoid visible interference fringes with the first textured layer. Patent Application WO2019039942A1 uses a rasterization algorithm to create dot patterns on a foil and align them with photovoltaic module components to shield specific parts of the photovoltaic module. For example, a conductive metallized pattern on the front surface of the photovoltaic module. That is, the pattern layer serves to shield specific parts of the photovoltaic module, preventing them from affecting the building's aesthetics when the photovoltaic module is installed. Patent Application EP3537485A1 discloses a solar panel sealed by two covers, each cover having a glass base covering the incident surface of the photovoltaic panel and a colored portion with a certain light transmittance disposed on the glass base. US Patent 10256360B2 discloses a graphic layer with visible images or patterns and a method for integrating it into a solar module. It involves setting a fully transparent layer on the photovoltaic module and forming discrete shading areas with different transparency within or on the transparent layer to construct an optical interaction between the discrete shading areas and the continuous light-transmitting areas, generating a recognizable image identifier, thereby enhancing the visual appeal of the photovoltaic module. Furthermore, the transparency of the graphic layer can be adjusted by regulating the number, size, shape, and / or spacing between the discrete shading areas. US Patent 11018271B2 discloses a method for generating a graphic grid for a solar module, in which multiple warp fibers and multiple weft fibers form a fiber grid on the photovoltaic cell, and coloring the warp and weft fibers to present a pattern.That is, it uses fixed parameters to generate a graphic mesh and adjusts the mesh opening size to meet energy efficiency and visual effects.

[0006] The aforementioned existing technologies either employ a full-coverage approach, using different colored areas with varying transmittance to achieve a colored photovoltaic module, or they use patterns corresponding to the internal structure of the photovoltaic module, also with different colored areas to achieve the same effect. Furthermore, most prioritize the aesthetic appeal of the pattern. However, the introduction of different colors with varying transmittances can lead to localized heating imbalances during energy conversion, resulting in hot spots. These hot spots not only degrade the performance of the photovoltaic panel but may also compromise its structural integrity over time. Additionally, due to considerations of energy conversion efficiency, the range of colors that can be chosen in practical designs is very limited. These issues hinder the widespread application of colored photovoltaic panels as a viable energy generation solution, especially in applications where both performance and aesthetics are crucial.

[0007] Patent application WO2023063893A2 discloses a photovoltaic device that forms a covering component on the incident light surface of a photovoltaic panel using full-color printing. This covering component includes at least two colored and / or patterned areas, each providing uniform light transmittance and ensuring that each solar cell has the same shading (or electrical efficiency), thereby reducing current mismatch losses and hotspot effects, and ultimately improving the overall efficiency, reliability, and safety of the photovoltaic device. Specifically, it selects several colors with acceptable transparency for full-color printing onto the photovoltaic panel, and then determines the transparency of each colored or patterned area by controlling ink density, etc. However, the aforementioned prior art still uses a full-coverage method, and achieves a colored photovoltaic module through color areas with different light transmittance. Furthermore, while the prior art mentions setting patterns and / or colored areas on the photovoltaic panel, it does not mention how to design a pattern that meets both the expected energy conversion efficiency requirements and the desired visual effect. Manual calculation would be highly dependent on the professional experience of the personnel involved and would be labor-intensive. Furthermore, most studies only consider aesthetic effects while ignoring energy conversion efficiency, or vice versa.

[0008] Therefore, current technologies lack a solution for balancing energy efficiency and aesthetics while simultaneously addressing hotspot issues. In other words, there is currently no comprehensive solution that simultaneously improves energy conversion efficiency, maintains aesthetics, and reduces hotspot formation on colored photovoltaic panels. Thus, a novel design approach is urgently needed to address these issues, enabling colored photovoltaic panels to deliver higher energy output while maintaining long-term reliability. This design approach will not only drive the development of the photovoltaic field but also make a significant contribution to integrating sustainable energy into diverse environments. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of this invention is to provide a design method and system for dot matrix vector patterns applied to colored photovoltaic modules, as well as colored photovoltaic modules and their design methods, which partially solves or alleviates the above-mentioned shortcomings in the prior art. It can achieve a perfect combination of aesthetics and energy efficiency in colored photovoltaic modules, ensuring that the photovoltaic modules generate high-efficiency energy while taking into account aesthetics, and at the same time alleviating the hot spot problem, thereby effectively promoting the development of sustainable buildings.

[0010] To solve the aforementioned technical problems, the present invention specifically adopts the following technical solution:

[0011] A first aspect of the present invention provides a method for designing a dot matrix vector pattern applied to a color photovoltaic module, comprising the steps of: S101 acquiring a pattern to be converted and preset parameters; the preset parameters including one or more of the following: a type of reference dot matrix vector unit, a reference pattern of the reference dot matrix vector unit, a preset energy conversion efficiency Q0 and / or a preset energy loss rate P0, and a preset dot matrix density ρ0; wherein the type of the reference dot matrix vector unit includes architectural style, artistic style, and natural style, and each style includes at least one reference pattern formed by the dot matrix to create different visual effects; S102 converting the image to be converted into a dot matrix vector pattern applied to the photovoltaic module based on the preset parameters, wherein the dot matrix vector pattern makes the energy conversion efficiency of the color photovoltaic module greater than or equal to the preset energy conversion efficiency, or makes the energy loss efficiency of the color photovoltaic module less than or equal to the preset energy loss efficiency, and makes the shading area of ​​each photovoltaic cell in the photovoltaic module the same; wherein the dot matrix vector pattern includes at least one of the reference patterns.

[0012] In some embodiments, if the preset parameters set by the user include: preset energy conversion efficiency Q0 and / or preset energy loss rate P0 and preset lattice density ρ0, then step S102 specifically includes the following steps: S1021 Input the preset energy conversion efficiency Q0 or preset energy loss rate P0 and preset lattice density ρ0 into a pre-trained matching model to obtain a set of candidate lattice vector patterns generated based on each reference lattice vector unit, and pattern parameters corresponding to each candidate lattice vector pattern, wherein the pattern parameters include lattice density, energy conversion efficiency and / or energy loss rate, and reference lattice density ρ0. The number of dot matrix vector units on a single photovoltaic cell, and the size of each isolated point in the reference dot matrix vector unit; each set of candidate dot matrix vector patterns includes candidate dot matrix vector patterns generated with the same style but based on different reference patterns; S1022 arranges all candidate dot matrix vector patterns in each set of candidate dot matrix vector patterns in descending order of recommendation index, and selects the reference dot matrix vector unit corresponding to at least one candidate dot matrix vector pattern with the highest recommendation index from each set of candidate dot matrix vector patterns as the object to be specified; the recommendation index T = Q i，j a *ρ i，j b *100%, or, T=P i，j a *ρ i，j b *100%; where a is the energy conversion efficiency Q of the j-th candidate dot matrix vector pattern in the i-th candidate dot matrix vector pattern set. i，j Or energy loss rate P i，j The weight of b is the pixel density ρ of the j-th candidate pixel vector pattern in the i-th candidate pixel vector pattern set. i，j The weights are given, and a+b=1, i=1,2,3; S1023 When any object to be specified is specified, the pattern to be converted is converted into the corresponding dot matrix vector pattern based on the pattern parameters obtained in step S1021.

[0013] In some embodiments, if the preset parameters specified by the user include: the type of the reference dot matrix vector unit, the preset energy conversion efficiency Q0 or / and the preset energy loss rate P0 and the preset dot matrix density ρ0, then step S102 specifically includes the following steps: S1021a Inputting the type of the reference dot matrix vector unit, the preset energy conversion efficiency Q0 or the preset energy loss rate P0 and the preset dot matrix density ρ0 into a pre-trained matching model to obtain a set of candidate dot matrix vector patterns generated based on the reference dot matrix vector unit of the specified type, and the pattern parameters corresponding to each candidate dot matrix vector pattern, wherein the pattern The parameters include lattice density, the number of reference lattice vector units on a single photovoltaic cell, and the size of each isolated point in the reference lattice vector unit; the candidate lattice vector pattern set includes candidate lattice vector patterns with a specified style but different reference patterns; S1022a arranges all candidate lattice vector patterns in the candidate lattice vector pattern set in descending order according to the recommendation index, and selects at least one reference lattice vector unit corresponding to the candidate lattice vector pattern with the highest recommendation index from the candidate lattice vector pattern set as the object to be specified; the recommendation index T = Q j a *ρ j b *100%, or, T=P j a *ρ j b *100%; where a is the energy conversion efficiency Q of the j-th candidate dot matrix vector pattern in the candidate dot matrix vector pattern set. j Or energy loss rate P j The weight of b is the pixel density ρ of the j-th candidate pixel vector pattern in the candidate pixel vector pattern set. j The weights are given, and a+b=1; S1023a When any object to be specified is specified, the pattern to be converted is converted into the corresponding dot matrix vector pattern based on the specified object and its pattern parameters.

[0014] In some embodiments, the reference pattern for an architectural style includes: a first lattice formed by multiple isolated points at equal intervals, and a plurality of second lattices formed by multiple isolated points at equal intervals surrounding the first lattice. In some embodiments, the reference pattern for an artistic style includes: a third lattice formed by multiple isolated points in a water-shaped pattern; or, it includes: two fourth lattices formed by multiple isolated points in a V-shape and symmetrically arranged, and a fifth lattice formed by multiple isolated points located on the axis of symmetry of the two fourth lattices. In some embodiments, the reference pattern for a natural style includes: a sixth lattice symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides and a seventh lattice symmetrically arranged on the top and bottom sides; wherein the sixth lattice includes: a first fan-shaped region formed by multiple isolated points, and a second fan-shaped region symmetrically arranged on both sides of the first fan-shaped region, the first fan-shaped region including a plurality of first lattice curves spaced apart from the center point along a radial extension direction, and the curvature of the first lattice curves gradually increases from the direction away from the center point; the second fan-shaped region including a plurality of second lattice curves spaced apart from the far end along a direction close to the center point of the first fan-shaped region, and the curvature of the plurality of second lattice curves gradually increases from the direction away from the center point; The arc of the first sector gradually increases from the center point of the first sector region; and / or the seventh lattice includes: a first sector region formed by multiple isolated points, and a second sector region symmetrically arranged on both sides of the first sector region, wherein the first sector region includes multiple first lattice curves spaced apart from the center point along a radial extension direction, and the arc of the first lattice curves gradually increases from the direction away from the center point; the second sector region includes multiple second lattice curves spaced apart from the top of the first sector region along an arc-shaped endpoint near the first sector region, and the arc of the multiple second lattice curves gradually increases from the top of the first sector region along an arc-shaped endpoint near the first sector region.

[0015] In some embodiments, the preset parameter further includes a preset visible distance, and step S102 further includes the following steps: S1024 obtaining the preset visible distance; if the preset visible distance is less than or equal to a preset first distance threshold, proceeding to step S1025; if the preset visible distance is greater than the first distance threshold but less than or equal to a preset second distance threshold, proceeding to step S1026; if the preset visible distance is greater than the second distance threshold but less than or equal to a preset third distance threshold, proceeding to step S1027; S1025 adjusting the size of the isolated point based on graphic guidance rules; S1026 adjusting the size of the isolated point based on balanced wire rules; S1027 adjusting the size of the isolated point based on energy guidance rules.

[0016] In some embodiments, step S102 further includes the steps of: S1028 obtaining adjustment parameters and randomly adjusting the size and / or number of isolated points in a specified local area based on the adjustment parameters; the adjustment parameters include the size of the specified local area; and / or, S1029 adjusting the color of the specified area based on preset color adjustment parameters.

[0017] A second aspect of the present invention provides a design method for a color photovoltaic module, comprising the steps of: obtaining a dot matrix vector pattern applicable to a photovoltaic module according to the above design method; S103 forming a dot matrix in the dot matrix vector pattern on the light incident surface of the photovoltaic module using an opaque material, wherein the dot matrix vector pattern is aligned with the photovoltaic module, such that the shading area of ​​each photovoltaic cell in the photovoltaic module that is shaded by the isolated shading area in the dot matrix is ​​the same; and forming a light-transmitting area between the dot matrix and between the isolated shading areas for light to pass through.

[0018] A third aspect of the present invention provides a color photovoltaic module comprising a pattern layer disposed on the light incident surface of the photovoltaic module, the pattern layer comprising: at least one reference dot matrix vector unit disposed on each photovoltaic cell, the reference dot matrix vector unit comprising: a plurality of isolated shading areas arranged according to a preset reference pattern in a specified style; and some or all of the isolated shading areas forming a specified pattern on the photovoltaic module, such that the energy conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module is greater than or equal to a preset energy conversion efficiency Q0, or the energy loss rate of the photovoltaic module is less than or equal to a preset energy loss rate P0; wherein the isolated shading areas are formed using an opaque material; the style includes architectural style, artistic style, and natural style, and each style includes at least one different reference pattern formed by a plurality of isolated shading areas.

[0019] In some embodiments, the reference pattern of the architectural style includes: a first dot matrix formed by multiple points at equal intervals, a plurality of second dot matrices formed by multiple points at equal intervals surrounding the first dot matrix, and the gaps between the isolated shading areas form the light-transmitting areas of the photovoltaic module.

[0020] In some embodiments, the artistic reference pattern includes: a third dot matrix formed by multiple dots in a water-shaped pattern, wherein the gap between the isolated shading areas forms the light-transmitting area of ​​the photovoltaic module; or, the artistic reference pattern includes: two fourth dot matrices formed by multiple dots in a V-shape and symmetrically arranged, and a fifth dot matrix formed by multiple dots located on the axis of symmetry of the two fourth dot matrices, wherein the gap between the isolated shading areas forms the light-transmitting area of ​​the photovoltaic module.

[0021] In some embodiments, the natural-style reference pattern includes: a sixth dot matrix symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides and a seventh dot matrix symmetrically arranged on the top and bottom sides; wherein, the sixth dot matrix includes: a first fan-shaped region formed by a plurality of dots, and a second fan-shaped region symmetrically arranged on both sides of the first fan-shaped region, the first fan-shaped region including a plurality of first dot matrix curves spaced apart along a radially extending direction from the center point, and the curvature of the first dot matrix curves gradually increases from the direction away from the center point; the second fan-shaped region includes a plurality of second dot matrix curves spaced apart from the far end along a direction close to the center point of the first fan-shaped region, and the curvature of the plurality of second dot matrix curves gradually increases from the direction away from the center point. The arc of the first sector gradually increases towards the center point of the first sector region; and / or the seventh lattice includes: a first sector region formed by multiple isolated points, and a second sector region symmetrically arranged on both sides of the first sector region, wherein the first sector region includes multiple first lattice curves spaced apart in a radially extending direction from the center point, and the arc of the first lattice curves gradually increases from the direction away from the center point; the second sector region includes multiple second lattice curves spaced apart from the top of the first sector region along the arc end point near the first sector region, and the arc of the multiple second lattice curves gradually increases from the top of the first sector region along the arc end point near the first sector region.

[0022] In some embodiments, when the size of the isolated shading areas is the same, the density ρ1 of the isolated shading areas in the architectural style reference pattern is greater than the density ρ2 of the isolated shading areas in the artistic style reference pattern, and the density ρ1 of the isolated shading areas in the architectural style reference pattern is less than the density ρ3 of the isolated shading areas in the natural style reference pattern; or, one natural style reference pattern is provided on each photovoltaic cell.

[0023] A fourth aspect of the present invention provides a dot matrix vector pattern design system, comprising: a reference library configured to store different types of reference dot matrix vector units; the types of the reference dot matrix vector units include: architectural style, artistic style, and natural style, and each style includes at least one reference pattern formed by the dot matrix to create different visual effects; a data acquisition module configured to acquire an image to be converted and preset parameters; the preset parameters include one or more of the following: the type of the reference dot matrix vector unit, the reference pattern of the reference dot matrix vector unit, a preset energy conversion efficiency Q0 and / or a preset energy loss efficiency P0, and a preset dot matrix density ρ0; and a pattern conversion module connected to the data acquisition module and the reference library, configured to convert the image to be converted into a corresponding dot matrix vector pattern based on the preset parameters; the dot matrix vector pattern makes the energy conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module greater than or equal to the preset energy conversion efficiency, or makes the energy loss efficiency of the photovoltaic module less than or equal to the preset energy loss efficiency, and makes the shading area of ​​each photovoltaic cell in the photovoltaic module the same.

[0024] Beneficial Effects: This invention converts specified graphics into a dot-matrix vector pattern composed of reference vector units. This dot-matrix vector pattern not only presents a variety of visual effects (e.g., the visual effect of Marilyn Monroe and the visual effect of cloud / leaf patterns), enhancing aesthetics, but also ensures uniform absorption by each photovoltaic panel, thereby guaranteeing energy conversion efficiency and avoiding or mitigating the "hot spot" problem in colored photovoltaic panels. Furthermore, the provision of multiple styles and different visual effects of reference patterns provides designers with more design space, making the design of colored photovoltaic modules more flexible and facilitating wider application.

[0025] Existing technologies typically involve setting colored areas on a substrate (e.g., a transparent glass substrate, a transparent film, or a fiber mesh), and then repeating these colored areas to create a specific pattern with a single visual effect (e.g., Obama). While this method can convert any user-specified image into a bitmap vector pattern, it offers limited flexibility for designers because, regardless of the pattern, the visual effect is identical given the same colors, resulting in a monotonous and aesthetically unappealing presentation. In contrast, this application pre-arranges the bitmap into patterns with different styles, thus creating reference patterns with varying visual effects. This allows for the use of these reference patterns to represent user-specified patterns, resulting in a specified pattern with multiple visual effects (e.g., Obama). Figure 7 The converted dot matrix vector pattern in any row not only presents a secondary visual effect of Marilyn Monroe, but also a primary visual effect of different style base patterns. This provides designers with more design materials while also considering the energy efficiency and aesthetics of colored photovoltaic cells. Furthermore, it can present different visual effects to viewers at different distances. For example, viewers at a greater distance typically only see Marilyn Monroe, while those at a medium or closer distance can see both Marilyn Monroe and preset patterns, as well as patterns formed by multiple preset patterns. On the other hand, because the pattern on each photovoltaic cell is identical, and all isolated shading areas are formed using opaque materials, the illumination on each photovoltaic cell is almost identical, greatly reducing the probability of hotspot problems. Moreover, there is no need to limit color selection due to color transmittance, resulting in a rich color palette that can approximate or reproduce the original color scheme of the specified pattern to the greatest extent possible.

[0026] Furthermore, in order to ensure energy conversion efficiency while taking into account pattern resolution, the system automatically matches the expected reference matrix vector unit based on the user's preset parameters when no reference matrix vector unit is specified, thus eliminating the need for manual calculation by the user and saving workload.

[0027] In this invention, since three styles are provided, and each style has a reference dot matrix vector unit that presents different visual effects, although it provides design flexibility, users cannot quickly obtain from the massive amount of reference dot matrix vector units what the specific pattern parameters should be to generate the dot matrix vector pattern that can achieve the expected result based on each dot matrix vector unit. If each dot matrix vector unit is calculated by itself, this will undoubtedly greatly increase the workload of designers. In order to reduce the workload of designers, based on the preset parameters input by the user, the system automatically finds the alternative dot matrix vector patterns and their pattern parameters that meet the expectations and recommends them to the user. This provides designers with design freedom while reducing their workload and reducing the dependence on the experience of professionals. That is, this invention provides designers with a large design flexibility space while providing efficient design solutions, and the solutions can meet the requirements of high energy conversion and aesthetics, and can avoid hot spot problems. That is, it has the following advantages: (1) Enhanced aesthetic appeal: It provides architects and designers with the flexibility to integrate any image into the design of PV modules. Furthermore, since all isolated points are made of opaque materials, compared to using colored areas with different transparency or transmittance, the colors of each isolated point in the generated dot matrix vector pattern are no longer limited, thus allowing for a variety of colors in the dot matrix vector pattern. (2) Increased energy harvesting: The design ensures maximum light penetration, thereby increasing energy generation. (3) Uniform solar irradiation: Ensures that all PV cells receive almost the same amount of light, mitigating the hot spot effect. Attached Figure Description

[0028] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below.

[0029] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a design method for a color photovoltaic module according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating pattern design based on a design system of the present invention; Figure 3a This is an example of a dot matrix vector unit with architectural cloud patterns in this invention; Figure 3b This is an example of a lattice vector unit with the geometric element triangle in this invention; Figure 3c and Figure 3d This is an example of a lattice vector unit with natural element blades and curves in this invention; Figure 4a This is a schematic diagram illustrating that each of the four cells in a photovoltaic panel uses a different pattern. Figure 4b A schematic diagram illustrating the hot spots on the cells of a photovoltaic panel before and after adjusting the pattern density; Figure 5 A pattern selected by the user that will be imported into the design software; Figure 6This is a schematic diagram illustrating how the method of the present invention obtains colored photovoltaic panels based on different pattern designs; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing the user-selected pattern displayed on the battery using different dot patterns.

[0030] Figure 8a , Figure 8b and Figure 8c To reflect the adaptive fine-tuning methods for patterns at close, medium, and long distances respectively; Figure 9 These are illustrations showing the effects of manually adjusting skin tone, lip color, and part of the face color, respectively. Figure 10 To reflect the final design pattern obtained by using the method of the present invention; Figure 11 To reflect the various patterns introduced by adjusting the size or number of isolated points by different percentages; Figure 12 A comparison chart showing the difference before and after randomization was disabled; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the different photovoltaic panels M1, M2, M3, M4, M6, and M9 used in the testing process;

[0031] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram showing the different printing patterns used on photovoltaic panels M1, M2, M3, M4, M6, and M9 during the test experiment. Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram showing photovoltaic panels M7, M8, and M9 using the same printed pattern but with different coverage rates in a test experiment. Figure 16 A schematic diagram showing the STC efficiency of solar panels with different color coverage. Figure 17 A schematic diagram illustrating the relative efficiency loss of solar panels with different color coverage compared to the benchmark solar panel M5. Figures 18a-18f The voltage and current relationship diagram for solar panels M1-M5 and M5C is shown. Figures 19a-19d The voltage and current relationship diagram for solar panels M6-M9; Figure 20a A summary diagram of the voltage and current relationships for solar panels M1, M2, M3, M4, M6, and M9; Figure 20b A summary diagram of the voltage and current relationships for solar panels M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, and M5C; Figure 21 A comparison chart of voltage-current characteristics and irradiance for solar panels M5 and M5C; Figure 22 A comparison chart of voltage-current characteristics and irradiance for solar panels M5, M7, M8, and M9;

[0032] Figure 23 Box plots for different solar panels M1, M2, M3, M4, M6, and M9; Figure 24 A schematic diagram optimized using different visible distance pattern design methods to reflect different types of dot matrix vector patterns; Figure 25To reflect the transformation of specified patterns from different art styles into bitmap vector patterns based on reference patterns with natural elements; Figure 26 This reflects the conversion of specified patterns in different natural styles into bitmap vector patterns based on a reference pattern with natural elements. Detailed Implementation

[0033] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. In this document, suffixes such as "module," "component," or "unit" used to represent elements are only for the purpose of illustrative purposes and have no specific meaning in themselves. Therefore, "module," "component," or "unit" can be used interchangeably. In this document, the terms "upper," "lower," "inner," "outer," "front," "rear," "one end," "the other end," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. In this document, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "equipped with," "connected," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection, a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be a connection within two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances. "And / or" in this document includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed related items. "A plurality" in this document means two or more, i.e., it includes two, three, four, five, etc. As used in this specification, the term "about" typically means + / -5% of the value, more typically + / -4%, more typically + / -3%, more typically + / -2%, even more typically + / -1%, even more typically + / -0.5% of the value. In this specification, certain embodiments may be disclosed in a format within a certain range. It should be understood that this description of "within a certain range" is merely for convenience and brevity and should not be interpreted as a rigid limitation on the disclosed range. Therefore, a range description should be considered as having specifically disclosed all possible subranges and the individual numeric values ​​within those ranges. For example, a description of the range 1-6 should be considered as having specifically disclosed subranges such as from 1 to 3, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 5, from 2 to 4, from 2 to 6, from 3 to 6, etc., as well as the individual numbers within that range, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. This rule applies regardless of the breadth of the range.

[0034] In this article, "dot matrix" refers to a set of isolated dots arranged in a preset pattern, which presents a specific pattern and thus creates a corresponding first visual effect, such as... Figure 3a The cloud pattern effect shown is... Figure 3c The image shows a leaf-like effect. When this dot matrix is ​​applied to the photovoltaic cells in a photovoltaic module using an opaque material, i.e., when isolated points are formed directly on the photovoltaic panel using an opaque material, these isolated points are isolated shading areas on the photovoltaic cell, which are opaque (i.e., have a transmittance of 0%). The gaps between these isolated shading areas are light-transmitting areas (or light-transmitting channels) that allow light to pass through. These gaps between isolated points, i.e., between isolated shading areas, allow more sunlight to reach the photovoltaic cell. These gaps are crucial for enhancing the energy harvesting capability of the photovoltaic module. In some embodiments, the shape of the isolated points can be a regular geometric shape such as a circle, rectangle, or square, or it can be an irregular shape, as long as it can meet the corresponding energy conversion efficiency, present the user-specified pattern, and meet the corresponding resolution when the dot matrix is ​​applied to a color photovoltaic module.

[0035] In this article, "architectural elements" refers to the various patterns or textures used by designers in traditional architectural design. For example... Figure 3a The cloud pattern shown in the classic architectural design is formed by multiple isolated points arranged in a predetermined pattern. Of course, besides cloud patterns, other patterns can also be used, such as the Eight Treasures pattern or the Flying Apsaras pattern. In this paper, if the pattern formed by the set of isolated points includes architectural elements (such as cloud patterns), then this pattern is called the baseline pattern of the architectural style. Correspondingly, when the dot matrix forms different architectural elements, different baseline patterns are obtained, that is, baseline patterns with different architectural styles are obtained. In this paper, "geometric elements" refers to various geometric patterns used by designers in modern architectural design, which have a certain degree of abstraction or artistry, such as... Figure 3b The triangular pattern shown is formed by multiple isolated points arranged in a predetermined pattern. Of course, besides triangular patterns, other patterns can also be used, such as swastikas, meanders, etc. In this paper, if the pattern formed by the set of isolated points includes geometric elements, then the pattern is called the baseline pattern of the artistic style. Correspondingly, when the dot matrix forms different geometric elements, different baseline patterns are obtained, that is, baseline patterns with different artistic styles are obtained. In this paper, "natural elements" refers to patterns composed of green and / or curved elements found in nature, such as... Figure 3cThe diagram shows a leaf pattern formed by isolated points following the curve of a leaf. Multiple isolated points are arranged in a predetermined pattern to form multiple leaves. Of course, besides leaf patterns, other patterns can also be used, such as scroll patterns or lotus flower patterns. In this paper, if the pattern formed by the set of isolated points includes natural elements, it is called a natural-style reference pattern. Correspondingly, different reference patterns are obtained when the dot matrix forms different natural elements, that is, reference patterns with different natural styles are obtained. In this paper, "aligning the dot matrix vector pattern with the photovoltaic module" means that the size and shape of the dot matrix vector pattern are the same as the total size and shape of all photovoltaic cells in the photovoltaic module, and the area blocked by the isolated shading area on each photovoltaic cell is the same. In this paper, "coverage rate" refers to the percentage of the total area of ​​the photovoltaic cell's light-incident surface blocked by isolated areas or other factors (such as transparent glass used in the experiment).

[0036] In existing technologies, colored photovoltaic modules achieve their energy conversion efficiency by completely covering the incident light surface of the photovoltaic cells with solid-color or colored ink, and then adjusting the color or density of the ink to obtain colored layers with different transmittances. Compared to photovoltaic modules without ink coverage, this method significantly reduces the energy conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module. To meet architectural aesthetic requirements while improving energy conversion efficiency and reducing / avoiding hotspot effects on colored photovoltaic panels, this invention provides a design method for colored photovoltaic modules, comprising the steps of: obtaining a pattern to be converted and a reference dot matrix vector unit of a specified type; converting the pattern to be converted into a corresponding dot matrix vector pattern based on the specified reference dot matrix vector unit; forming the dot matrix vector pattern on the photovoltaic module using an opaque material; and aligning the dot matrix vector pattern with the photovoltaic module. The type of reference dot matrix vector unit can be selected by the user or automatically matched by the system based on user-preset requirements. For example, after a user sets parameters such as energy conversion efficiency Q0, the system can automatically match the optimal reference lattice vector unit from three reference lattice vector units based on these parameters. Specifically, a matching model can be trained using machine learning to automatically match the desired unit. As another example, when the user sets the required parameters including energy conversion efficiency Q0, isolated point size D, and the number of reference lattice vector units N required on each photovoltaic cell, the system can automatically calculate the energy conversion efficiency of each reference lattice vector unit based on these parameters, and then select the one with the highest isolated point density from the candidate set whose energy conversion efficiency is greater than or equal to Q0.

[0037] Based on the above design method, the present invention also provides a color photovoltaic module, which includes a dot vector pattern aligned with the photovoltaic cells, the dot vector pattern being obtained using the above-described color photovoltaic module design method. Based on the above design method, the present invention also provides a dot vector pattern design method applied to a color photovoltaic module, comprising the steps of: providing a pattern import port for the user; and converting a specified pattern imported through the pattern import port into a dot vector pattern.

[0038] Example 1: A design method for a colored photovoltaic module.

[0039] See Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a design method for a color photovoltaic module according to the present invention. Specifically, the method includes the following steps: S101 Obtaining a pattern to be converted and preset parameters. S102 Converting the pattern to be converted into a dot matrix vector pattern applied to the photovoltaic module based on the preset parameters. The dot matrix vector pattern makes the energy loss efficiency of the photovoltaic module less than or equal to a preset energy loss rate (e.g., 20% or 30%), or the dot matrix vector pattern makes the energy conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module greater than or equal to a preset energy conversion efficiency, and the shading area of ​​each photovoltaic cell is the same. S103 Forming a dot matrix vector pattern corresponding to the pattern to be converted on the photovoltaic module using an opaque material, and aligning the dot matrix vector pattern with the photovoltaic module.

[0040] In step S101, see Figure 2 The user interface of the design system can provide an import port for users to import user-specified patterns to be converted. This allows the system to retrieve a specified pattern when the user selects it and use it as the pattern to be converted. For example, see... Figure 5 When a user specifies an image of Marilyn Monroe in the user interface, the system will use that image as the pattern to be converted and transform it into a dot matrix vector pattern to be applied to the photovoltaic module. See [link / reference]. Figure 6 The lattice vector unit is based on Figure 3c The reference pattern shown was generated.

[0041] Of course, in addition to importing a pattern to be converted, users can also set some preset parameters in the user interface. Specifically, the preset parameters may include one or more of the following: the type of reference lattice vector unit, the reference pattern of the reference lattice vector unit, the preset energy conversion efficiency Q0 (and / or the preset energy loss efficiency P0), the preset number of reference lattice vector units N on each photovoltaic cell, the size D of the isolated points in each reference lattice vector unit, and the preset lattice density ρ0.

[0042] In some embodiments, the types of reference dot array vector units include: architectural style, artistic style and natural style, each style further comprises at least one reference pattern formed by dot arrays into different specific patterns. See Figure 3a , taking the reference pattern including cloud pattern in architectural style as an example, it comprises: a first dot array 801 formed by a plurality of isolated points at equal intervals, and a plurality of second dot arrays 802 formed by a plurality of isolated points at equal intervals surrounding the first dot array, that is, the first dot array 801 and the second dot arrays 802 form a preset cloud pattern, and the area without isolated points between the first dot array 801 and the second dot arrays 802 is the non-colored area 803. Of course, the gaps between a plurality of isolated points are also non-colored areas 803. Correspondingly, when the reference pattern is applied to a photovoltaic cell panel (for example, opaque materials are used to form the isolated points in the dot array), each isolated point forms an isolated shielding area, and correspondingly, the non-colored areas 803 between the isolated shielding areas are actually light-transmitting areas (or light-transmitting channels) on the incident light surface of the photovoltaic cell panel through which light can pass. That is, in this embodiment, there is no other structure on the incident light surface of the photovoltaic cell panel except the isolated point areas, which improves the energy conversion efficiency or reduces the energy loss rate compared with the full coverage method. Of course, in other embodiments, all the isolated areas may also be pre-arranged on a film with a light transmittance of 100% or almost 100%, and then covered on the photovoltaic cell panel. Of course, the dot arrays can also form other reference patterns such as eight-treasure patterns or flying apsaras patterns. See Figure 3b , taking the reference pattern including triangular elements in artistic style as an example, it comprises: a third dot array 804 in the shape of the traditional Chinese character "水 (water)" formed by a plurality of isolated points. Similarly, the gaps between the strokes of the "水" shape are non-colored areas 803, and when it is applied to a photovoltaic cell panel, the non-colored areas 803 between the isolated shielding areas are light-transmitting areas through which light can pass. Alternatively, in another description, the reference pattern comprises: two fourth dot arrays 805 formed by a plurality of isolated points in V-shape (including approximately V-shape) and symmetrically arranged, and a fifth dot array 806 formed by a plurality of points on the symmetry axis of the two fourth dot arrays 805. See Figure 3c and Figure 3d , taking the reference pattern including leaf elements in natural style as an example, it comprises: sixth dot arrays 807 symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides and seventh dot arrays 808 symmetrically arranged on the upper and lower sides (that is, formed by the sixth dot arrays 807 and the seventh dot arrays 808); wherein, see Figure 3cThe sixth lattice 807 includes: a first fan-shaped region 8071 (i.e., a shape similar to a ginkgo leaf) formed by multiple isolated points, and a second fan-shaped region 8072 (i.e., a shape similar to a ginkgo leaf) symmetrically arranged on both sides of the first fan-shaped region 8071. The first fan-shaped region 8071 includes multiple first lattice curves 8070 spaced apart from the center point along a radial extension direction, and the curvature of the first lattice curves 8070 gradually increases from the direction away from the center point; the second fan-shaped region 8072 includes multiple second lattice curves 8070' spaced apart from the distal end along the direction close to the center point of the first fan-shaped region, and the curvature of the second lattice curves 8070' gradually increases from the direction close to the center point of the first fan-shaped region 8071; see also Figure 3d The seventh lattice 808 includes: a first sector region 8071 formed by multiple isolated points, and a second sector region 8072 symmetrically arranged on both sides of the first sector region 8071. The second sector region 8072 includes multiple second lattice curves 8070' spaced apart from the top of the first sector region along the arcuate endpoint near the first sector region, i.e., the arc of the second lattice curves 8070' gradually increases from the top of the first sector region along the arcuate endpoint near the first sector region 8071. Figure 3c and Figure 3d As shown, in the sixth lattice 807, the first sector regions 8071 on the left and right sides are tangent to a common vertex, and the center points of the first sector regions 8071 on the top and bottom sides are also located at this common vertex; correspondingly, the arcs of the two second sector regions 8072 symmetrical about the first sector region 8071 on the left and right sides are tangent to the center point of the first sector region 8071; and the center points of the two second sector regions 8072 symmetrical about the first sector region 8071 on the top and bottom sides are located at the vertex of the first sector region 8071. Figures 3a to 3d As shown, the number of isolated points in each reference lattice vector element and the spacing between isolated points (i.e., the spacing between the center points of isolated points) all use pre-configured default values. Without changing the number of isolated points and the spacing between isolated points in each reference lattice vector element, if the size of the isolated points is the same, Figure 3a The density ρ1 of the lattice in the reference pattern shown is greater than Figure 3b The density ρ2 of the lattice in the reference pattern shown. Figure 3a The density ρ1 of the lattice in the reference pattern shown is less than Figure 3c or Figure 3d The density ρ3 of the lattice in the reference pattern is shown. Here, the density ρ is the ratio of the number of isolated points n in the reference pattern to the area of ​​the corresponding reference pattern. Of course, the boundary of each reference lattice vector unit (i.e., the area of ​​the reference lattice vector unit) is the same; for example, the lattice is formed within a rectangular region of a fixed size.

[0043] As mentioned above, users can also set various parameters in the user interface, including the desired energy conversion efficiency Q0 (or STC efficiency) or preset energy loss efficiency P0, the size D of isolated points, and / or the type and / or number N of reference lattice vector units on each photovoltaic cell. For example, users can set the desired energy conversion efficiency Q0 (or STC efficiency) or preset energy loss efficiency P0, and the type of reference lattice vector units, in the user interface. Alternatively, users can set the desired energy conversion efficiency Q0 (or STC efficiency) or preset energy loss efficiency P0, and the number N of reference lattice vector units on each photovoltaic cell, and then the design system will automatically match the optimal reference lattice vector units and parameters such as the size D of isolated points. Furthermore, users can set only the desired energy conversion efficiency Q0 (or STC efficiency) or preset energy loss efficiency P0 and preset lattice density ρ0 in the user interface, and then the system will automatically match the optimal reference lattice vector units, their number N, the size D of isolated points, and other parameters. See Example 2 for details.

[0044] Typically, the number and spacing of isolated points in each reference pattern under each style are set to default values. However, by adjusting the size of the isolated points, reference dot matrix vector units with different occlusion areas (i.e., different coverage rates) can be obtained. Therefore, the corresponding optimal reference dot matrix vector unit can be found according to actual needs, that is, the optimal reference pattern can be found.

[0045] In step S102, the generated dot matrix vector pattern includes a sub-pattern applied to each photovoltaic cell in the photovoltaic module, the sub-pattern including at least one reference dot matrix vector unit. For example, see... Figure 4a In a colored photovoltaic module, each of the four photovoltaic cells corresponds to a reference lattice vector unit. See also... Figure 4b The color photovoltaic module consists of four photovoltaic cells, each corresponding to four reference dot matrix vector units, stitched together. That is, the same sub-pattern is formed on each photovoltaic cell, and then the reference dot matrix vector units from multiple photovoltaic cells are stitched together to present a dot matrix vector pattern that meets the expected resolution and corresponds to the specified pattern.

[0046] Since multiple photovoltaic cells in a color photovoltaic module are connected in series or parallel, in order to avoid or mitigate the hot spot effect, the same number of reference dot matrix vector units are generated on each photovoltaic cell, and the reference dot matrix vector units on all photovoltaic cells adopt the same arrangement. That is, the dot matrix vector pattern corresponding to the pattern to be converted is generated by specifying a reference dot matrix vector unit, thereby ensuring that the shading area on each photovoltaic cell is consistent, and thus avoiding or mitigating the hot spot effect.

[0047] Furthermore, dot density not only affects the shading area on photovoltaic cells, thus impacting energy conversion efficiency, but also the resolution of the dot vector pattern. Generally, assuming the isolated dots are the same size, a higher dot density (i.e., more isolated dots per unit area) results in a higher resolution dot vector pattern. See [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 7 However, a higher dot density results in a larger shading area and consequently lower energy conversion efficiency. Therefore, in practical implementation, the number of reference dot matrix vector units on each photovoltaic cell and / or the size of isolated points can be adjusted according to the actual energy conversion efficiency requirements and the resolution requirements for the specified pattern, thereby setting or adjusting the dot matrix density. For example, when the energy conversion efficiency requirement is relatively high, but the resolution requirement for the specified pattern is relatively low (such as in rooftop applications), one or a few reference dot matrix vector units can be set on each photovoltaic cell. Conversely, when the energy conversion efficiency requirement is relatively low, but the resolution requirement for the specified pattern is relatively high (such as in billboard applications), multiple reference dot matrix vector units can be set on each photovoltaic cell. See also Figure 7 For each reference dot matrix vector unit, corresponding dot matrix vector patterns can be generated using 1 reference dot matrix vector unit, 4 reference dot matrix vector units, 9 reference dot matrix vector units, or 16 reference dot matrix vector units, respectively, thereby obtaining dot matrix vector patterns with different energy conversion efficiencies and / or different resolutions. Figure 3a and Figure 3d In the examples shown, the raster vector pattern generated based on the natural style reference pattern has the highest resolution because the raster density is the highest; followed by the raster vector pattern generated based on the architectural style reference pattern.

[0048] In some embodiments, the user may preset the energy conversion efficiency Q0 (i.e., STC efficiency) or energy loss rate P0 (e.g., 20% or 30%), preset the lattice density ρ0, and the type of reference lattice vector unit. Accordingly, step S102 specifically includes: S1021a inputting the type of the specified reference dot matrix vector unit, the preset energy conversion efficiency Q0 or preset energy loss rate P0, and the preset dot matrix density ρ0 into a pre-trained matching model to obtain a set of candidate dot matrix vector patterns generated based on the specified type of reference dot matrix vector unit, and the pattern parameters corresponding to each candidate dot matrix vector pattern. The pattern parameters include the dot matrix density, the number of the specified reference dot matrix vector units on a single photovoltaic cell, and the size of each point in the dot matrix of the reference dot matrix vector unit; S1022a arranging all candidate dot matrix vector patterns in the set of candidate dot matrix vector patterns in descending order according to the recommendation index T, and selecting the reference dot matrix vector unit corresponding to at least one candidate dot matrix vector pattern with the highest recommendation ranking (e.g., the reference dot matrix vector unit corresponding to the candidate dot matrix vector pattern with the highest index) as the object to be specified; the recommendation index T = Q j a *ρ j b *100%, or, T=P j a *ρ j b *100%; where a is the energy conversion efficiency Q of the j-th candidate dot matrix vector pattern in the candidate dot matrix vector pattern set. j Or energy loss rate P j The weight of b is the pixel density ρ of the j-th candidate pixel vector pattern in the candidate pixel vector pattern set. j The weights are given, and a+b=1; S1023a When any object to be specified is specified, the pattern to be converted is converted into the corresponding dot matrix vector pattern based on the specified object and its pattern parameters.

[0049] As mentioned above, each style has a different reference pattern. Therefore, the set of candidate dot matrix vector patterns obtained in step S1021a includes candidate dot matrix vector patterns generated based on different reference patterns, such as candidate dot matrix vector patterns generated based on a reference pattern with cloud patterns, and candidate dot matrix vector patterns generated based on a reference pattern with eight auspicious symbols, etc.

[0050] Typically, when users set the energy conversion efficiency, they also set the desired pixel density corresponding to the resolution as a selection criterion based on the current application scenario and experience. Therefore, when setting the energy conversion efficiency Q0 (or / and the preset energy loss rate P0), a preset pixel density ρ0 is also set. Thus, each candidate pixel vector pattern in the candidate pixel vector pattern set in step S1021a conforms to the preset parameters, that is, it belongs to the same style, and its corresponding energy conversion efficiency is greater than or equal to the preset energy conversion efficiency Q0 (or / and energy loss rate is less than or equal to the preset energy loss rate P0), and its pixel density is greater than or equal to the preset pixel density ρ0.

[0051] Under the premise of meeting the preset energy conversion efficiency (i.e., greater than or equal to the preset energy conversion efficiency) or preset energy loss rate (i.e., less than or equal to the preset energy loss rate), different application scenarios have different requirements for energy conversion efficiency and pattern resolution. For example, for scenarios such as rooftops, the requirement for energy conversion efficiency is greater than that for pattern resolution (i.e., the density of the dot matrix), so weight a is usually greater than weight b. However, for some scenarios on buildings used for advertising, the requirement for pattern resolution is greater than that for energy conversion, so in step S1022a, weight b is greater than weight a in the recommendation index. The specific values ​​of weights a and b are determined based on the actual application scenario and the experience of professionals.

[0052] Furthermore, even based on the same reference pattern of the same style, multiple candidate dot matrix vector patterns can be generated that meet the requirements (i.e., energy conversion efficiency greater than or equal to the preset energy conversion efficiency or preset energy loss rate less than or equal to the preset energy loss rate, and dot matrix density greater than or equal to the preset dot matrix density), but have different dot matrix densities and different energy conversion efficiencies (or energy loss rates). Accordingly, during recommendation, the candidate dot matrix vector pattern with the highest dot matrix density can be selected from each reference pattern (i.e., initial screening). Then, the candidate dot matrix vector patterns of the selected different reference patterns are sorted, and at least one of the top-ranked patterns is recommended (i.e., secondary screening). Since each reference pattern has initial pattern parameters: the number of isolated points and the spacing between isolated points (i.e., the distance between the centers of isolated points), after the user specifies an object, the number of isolated points and the spacing between isolated points of the specified object can be adjusted. Of course, if the adjusted energy conversion efficiency and dot matrix density of the specified object are less than the preset energy conversion efficiency and / or the preset dot matrix density, a readjustment prompt will be given.

[0053] Of course, after generating the raster vector image in step S102, that is, after image conversion, the color and size of the isolated points in the corresponding area can be further adjusted according to actual needs. For example, the point size can be adjusted according to the required visible distance. Specifically, step S102 also includes the following steps: S1024 obtaining a preset visible distance; if the preset visible distance is less than or equal to a preset first distance threshold, proceed to step S1025; if the preset visible distance is greater than the first distance threshold but less than or equal to a preset second distance threshold, proceed to step S1026; if the preset visible distance is greater than the second distance threshold but less than or equal to a preset third distance threshold, proceed to step S1027; S1025 adjusts the size of the isolated points based on graphic guidance rules; S1026 adjusts the size of the isolated points based on balance guidance rules; S1027 adjusts the size of the isolated points based on energy guidance rules.

[0054] For example, see Figure 8a and Figure 24 When a pattern needs to be visible at close range (approximately 5 meters, i.e., the first distance threshold), meaning it needs to be clear at a close distance of about 5 meters, the system automatically adjusts the size of isolated points based on graphic guidance rules. This optimizes light transmission, ensuring the energy harvesting efficiency of the photovoltaic module is not affected, thus finding the optimal balance between close-range visibility and energy efficiency, ensuring a design that is both aesthetically pleasing and highly efficient. The specific adjustment principle is existing technology and will not be elaborated here. For example, see... Figure 8b and Figure 24 When a pattern needs to be visible at a medium distance (approximately 10 meters, i.e., the second distance threshold), meaning the pattern must still be clearly identifiable at a distance of around 10 meters, the system automatically adjusts the size of the isolated points based on a balance-guided rule. This ensures pattern visibility while optimizing light transmission, guaranteeing that the energy harvesting efficiency of the photovoltaic module is not affected. Thus, it finds the optimal balance between medium-distance visibility and energy efficiency, ensuring a design that is both aesthetically pleasing and highly efficient. The specific adjustment principle is existing technology and will not be elaborated here. For example, see... Figure 8c and Figure 24 When a pattern needs to be visible at a distance (approximately 25 meters, i.e., the third distance threshold), meaning the pattern can still be clearly identified at a distance of 25 meters or more, the system automatically adjusts the size of the isolated point based on energy-direction rules, with the core objective of maximizing energy harvesting and efficiency. The specific adjustment principle is existing technology and will not be elaborated here.

[0055] In step S103, an opaque material is used to form a dot matrix in the dot matrix vector pattern, and the area between the isolated dots on the light incident surface of the photovoltaic panel forms a light-transmitting area for light to pass through.

[0056] In step S103, different colored opaque coatings can be printed onto the photovoltaic cell. This means that the isolated shading area is directly placed on the light-incident surface of the photovoltaic cell, thus avoiding the influence of other layers on light absorption.

[0057] In step S103, aligning the dot matrix vector pattern with the photovoltaic module means that at least one reference dot matrix vector unit on each photovoltaic cell is aligned with the photovoltaic cell, thereby ensuring that each photovoltaic cell is shaded by similar areas of the pattern. As a result, all photovoltaic cells receive almost the same amount of solar irradiance, greatly reducing the probability of generating hot spots.

[0058] Since different colors of ink can affect light transmittance and thus cause hot spot effects, in this embodiment, to avoid hot spot problems, the printed coating is opaque. Therefore, regardless of the color, as long as the type, quantity, and arrangement of the reference dot matrix vector units on each photovoltaic cell are the same, they will bring the same shading effect to the photovoltaic cell, thus preventing the generation of hot spots.

[0059] In this embodiment, by providing three reference dot matrix vector units with different styles (or containing different elements) for the user to choose from flexibly, even the same specified pattern can present different visual effects, such as... Figure 7 As shown, this allows users to design flexibly according to their actual needs. Compared to existing technologies that simply use densely arranged dot matrices to present a specified pattern, its visual effect is much richer. Furthermore, the color of each isolated dot in each dot vector unit corresponds to the color of the corresponding area in the pattern to be converted, thus transforming the pattern into a dot vector pattern that meets energy conversion efficiency requirements. Since opaque materials will be used to realize the dot vector pattern, it is no longer limited by color, allowing the designer to use almost the same color scheme as the pattern to be converted, thereby maximizing the reproduction of the pattern. This contrasts sharply with existing technologies that use colors with different transmittances to form patterns on photovoltaic cells, which greatly limits color selection and makes it impossible to guarantee the reproduction accuracy of the pattern to be converted.

[0060] In this embodiment, the user can convert any specified pattern into a dot matrix vector pattern with multiple visual effects by specifying a base dot matrix vector unit. For example... Figure 25As shown, the dot matrix vector patterns based on natural style reference dot matrix vector units include: blanket-style dot matrix vector patterns (original image is a blanket pattern), Mondrian-style dot matrix vector patterns (original image is a Mondrian-style pattern), Van Gogh-style dot matrix vector patterns (original image is a Van Gogh-style pattern), gradient color dot matrix vector patterns, mosaic tile dot matrix vector patterns, and silk-style dot matrix vector patterns. Different pattern and material design types have their own characteristics and application scenarios in BIPV design. Patterns and materials such as blanket style, Mondrian style, Van Gogh style, gradient colors, mosaic tiles, and silk style not only provide unique aesthetic effects but also meet the functional requirements of architecture. By rationally selecting and applying these patterns and materials, a perfect combination of architectural aesthetics and functionality can be achieved. For example... Figure 26 As shown, the image illustrates leaf, flower, water ripple, rock / strata, fur, and fruit dot vector patterns formed using natural-style reference dot vector units. These patterns, including leaf, flower, water ripple, rock / strata, fur, and fruit (such as curved bananas), each have their own characteristics and application scenarios in Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) module design. Patterns such as leaves, flowers, water ripples, rock / strata, fur, and fruit not only provide unique aesthetic effects but also imbue buildings with natural vitality. By rationally selecting and applying these patterns, a perfect combination of architectural aesthetics and functionality can be achieved.

[0061] Example 2: The present invention also provides another design method for a color photovoltaic module, which includes the steps in Example 1 above. The difference is that in this example, the user only presets the energy conversion efficiency or energy loss efficiency and the preset dot matrix density ρ0, without specifying the type of reference dot matrix vector unit or the number N of reference dot matrix vector units on each photovoltaic cell, or any other parameters. Therefore, it is necessary to automatically specify or recommend at least one reference dot matrix vector unit and its pattern parameters so that the final dot matrix vector pattern meets the expectations. Specifically, step S102 includes the following steps: S1021 Input the preset energy conversion efficiency Q0 (or preset energy loss rate P0) and preset dot matrix density ρ0 into the pre-trained matching model to obtain three candidate dot matrix vector pattern sets (i.e., candidate dot matrix vector patterns for architectural styles) generated based on the reference dot matrix vector units of each style. The system includes three sets of candidate dot matrix vector patterns: a collection of patterns in artistic style and a collection of patterns in natural style. Each style's candidate dot matrix vector pattern set includes candidate dot matrix vector patterns generated based on different reference patterns of the corresponding style, and pattern parameters corresponding to each candidate dot matrix vector pattern. These pattern parameters include: dot matrix density, the number of reference dot matrix vector units on a single photovoltaic cell, and the size of each dot in the reference dot matrix vector unit. S1022 All candidate dot matrix vector patterns in each candidate dot matrix vector pattern set are arranged in descending order according to the recommendation index T. The reference dot matrix vector unit corresponding to at least one candidate dot matrix vector pattern with the highest recommendation index (e.g., the one with the highest recommendation index among all candidate dot matrix vector patterns) from each of the three candidate dot matrix vector pattern sets is selected as the object to be specified. The recommendation index T = Q. i，j a *ρ i，j b *100%, or T=P i，j a *ρ i，j b *100%; where a is the energy conversion efficiency Q of the j-th candidate dot matrix vector pattern in the i-th candidate dot matrix vector pattern set. i，j Or preset energy loss rate P i，j The weight of b is the pixel density ρ of the j-th candidate pixel vector pattern in the i-th candidate pixel vector pattern set. i，j The weights are given, and a+b=1, i=1,2,3; S1023 When any object to be specified is specified, the pattern to be converted is converted into the corresponding dot matrix vector pattern based on the number obtained in step S1021 and the size of the isolated point.

[0062] In some embodiments, the energy loss efficiency P and energy conversion efficiency Q (i.e., STC efficiency) of a color photovoltaic module are both related to the shading area of ​​each photovoltaic cell. The shading area of ​​each photovoltaic cell is related to the number of reference lattice vector units (or lattice density) and the size D of the isolated points, i.e., Q = f(N, D). Therefore, a training set can be pre-built to train and machine learning models to obtain the matching model. This model can automatically calculate the specific parameters such as the number of reference lattice vector units and the size of the isolated points in each style required to achieve the preset energy conversion efficiency (or preset energy loss efficiency) and preset lattice density based on the input energy conversion efficiency or energy loss efficiency and lattice density. The training set includes a set of dot matrix vector patterns with different energy conversion efficiencies (or different energy loss efficiencies, for example, all greater than or equal to 20%-30%) and different dot matrix densities. Each dot matrix vector pattern is pre-labeled with the type of the corresponding reference dot matrix vector unit and its specific reference pattern (such as cloud pattern or eight-treasure pattern), and its pattern parameters, such as the number of reference dot matrix vector units on each photovoltaic cell, the size of isolated points, and the spacing and number of isolated points in the reference dot matrix vector unit. Of course, knowing the number of reference patterns on each photovoltaic cell (i.e., the number of reference dot matrix vector units) and their corresponding isolated point sizes, the dot matrix density ρ = (N*n) / S corresponding to the dot matrix vector pattern can be calculated; where n is the number of isolated points in the reference dot matrix vector unit; S is the area of ​​a single photovoltaic cell; and N is the number of reference dot matrix vector units on a single photovoltaic cell.

[0063] As mentioned earlier, even based on the same reference pattern of the same style, multiple candidate dot matrix vector patterns can be generated that meet the requirements (i.e., energy conversion efficiency greater than or equal to the preset energy conversion efficiency or preset energy loss rate less than or equal to the preset energy loss rate, and dot matrix density greater than or equal to the preset dot matrix density), but have different dot matrix densities and different energy conversion efficiencies (or energy loss rates). Therefore, the candidate dot matrix vector pattern set for each style includes not only the candidate dot matrix vector patterns for each reference pattern under that style, but also multiple candidate dot matrix vector patterns corresponding to the same reference pattern under that style. Therefore, when making recommendations, for the candidate dot matrix vector pattern set of the same style, the candidate dot matrix vector pattern with the highest dot matrix density can be selected for each reference pattern (i.e., initial screening). Then, the candidate dot matrix vector patterns of the selected different reference patterns are sorted, and at least one of the top-ranked patterns is recommended (i.e., secondary screening).

[0064] Accordingly, when the user does not specify a reference pattern or the type of reference dot matrix vector unit, but instead inputs a pre-set energy conversion efficiency or preset energy loss rate and preset dot matrix density ρ0 into a pre-trained matching model, three sets of candidate dot matrix vector patterns for each style will be obtained, along with the pattern parameters for each candidate dot matrix vector pattern. For example, if M... k ={m k,1 m k,2 ···m k,q Let m be the set of candidate raster vector patterns in the k-th style (k = 1, 2, 3), where the energy conversion efficiency of each candidate raster vector pattern is greater than or equal to a preset energy conversion efficiency, or the energy loss rate of each candidate raster vector pattern is less than a preset energy loss rate; where m kj (j = 1, 2, ..., p) represents the j-th candidate dot matrix vector pattern in the k-th candidate dot matrix vector pattern set. Its corresponding pattern parameters include: dot matrix density and the number N on a single photovoltaic cell, obtained through the matching model. k And the size of each isolated point.

[0065] Furthermore, since the user does not specify the number of isolated points in each reference dot matrix vector unit, and / or the spacing between isolated points, the number of isolated points and the spacing between isolated points in each candidate dot matrix vector pattern are the system default values, thereby reducing the computational load of the system. Of course, if the user chooses to randomize the number of isolated points and the spacing between isolated points, then each candidate dot matrix vector pattern set generated by the matching model will include not only candidate dot matrix vector patterns corresponding to different reference patterns of the same style, but also candidate dot matrix vector patterns of the same style and the same reference pattern but with different numbers of isolated points and / or different spacings.

[0066] Since the user did not specify the type of the reference bitmap vector unit, multiple candidate bitmap vector patterns of different styles that meet the requirements will be obtained. Therefore, in order to save the user's workload and quickly match the best pattern parameters under each reference bitmap vector unit, the recommendation index of each pattern in the candidate set corresponding to each reference bitmap vector unit can be calculated based on the energy conversion efficiency weight 'a' preset by the user according to actual needs and the resolution-related bit density weight 'b'. The pattern with the highest recommendation index is selected from each candidate set and recommended to the user. This allows the user to specify a pattern according to their preferences or actual needs and obtain the pattern parameters of the specified candidate bitmap vector pattern for automatic image conversion. This not only provides the user with a convenient and feasible design method but also greatly saves the user's workload.

[0067] In other embodiments, the user's preference indices β1, β2, and β3 (β1 + β2 + β3 = 1) for the three styles can be obtained in advance. Therefore, when the candidate raster vector pattern with the highest recommended density for each of the three styles is obtained, the recommendation index of these three candidate raster vector patterns can be optimized based on the preference indices: T = β q *(Q j a *ρ b *100%), of which β q Let q be the preference index for the q-th candidate dot matrix vector pattern, where q = 1, 2, 3; then, based on the optimized recommendation index, the patterns are sorted, and the one with the highest recommendation index is recommended to the user.

[0068] Of course, furthermore, if the base dot matrix vector unit in the candidate dot matrix vector pattern recommended to the user is not the base dot matrix vector unit with the highest bias, in addition to recommending the one with the highest recommendation index to the user, the candidate dot matrix vector pattern corresponding to the base dot matrix vector unit with the highest bias index will also be pushed to the user as a candidate recommendation for reference.

[0069] Furthermore, if the candidate raster vector pattern ultimately selected by the user is not the candidate raster vector pattern corresponding to the reference raster vector unit with the highest preference index, the preference indices of the three reference raster vector units are adjusted. For example, the one with the highest preference index is reduced by a preset amount, while the preference index of the reference raster vector unit corresponding to the candidate raster vector pattern ultimately selected by the user is increased by a preset increment. In this embodiment, the recommendation index is based on the preference index, rather than directly converting the image based on the corresponding reference raster vector unit after obtaining the user's maximum preference index. This is to provide users with different visualization effects, thereby giving users greater flexibility in choice and aesthetic possibilities, and avoiding the limitations brought about by relying on a single reference raster vector pattern.

[0070] Of course, in other embodiments, the user may not set the preset dot density, but instead directly input the expected resolution. Accordingly, the dot density can be automatically calculated based on the user-set resolution, and then input into the matching model along with other preset parameters for matching. The specific calculation method is existing technology and will not be described in detail here.

[0071] Example 3: The present invention also provides another design method for a color photovoltaic module, which includes the steps in Example 1 above. The difference is that in this example, not only is the energy conversion efficiency Q0 or energy loss efficiency P0 and the preset lattice density ρ0 set, but also a specific reference lattice vector unit is set (i.e., a reference pattern with a specific texture pattern is specified under the corresponding style). Therefore, it is necessary to automatically recommend or specify one according to the parameters set by the user. Accordingly, step S102 includes the step: S1021b inputting the specified reference lattice vector unit, the preset energy conversion efficiency Q0 or the preset energy loss rate P0 and the preset lattice density ρ0 into the pre-trained The matching model yields a set of candidate dot matrix vector patterns produced based on a specified reference dot matrix vector unit, and pattern parameters corresponding to each candidate dot matrix vector pattern set. These pattern parameters include dot density, the number of reference dot matrix vector units on a single photovoltaic cell, and the size of each isolated point within the reference dot matrix vector unit. S1022b arranges all candidate dot matrix vector patterns in the set of candidate dot matrix vector patterns according to their recommendation index in descending order, and selects at least one reference dot matrix vector unit corresponding to the candidate dot matrix vector pattern with the highest recommendation index from the set of candidate dot matrix vector patterns as the object to be specified. The recommendation index T = Q. j a *ρ j b *100%, or, T=P j a *ρ j b *100%; where a is the energy conversion efficiency Q of the j-th candidate dot matrix vector pattern in the candidate dot matrix vector pattern set. j Or energy loss rate P j The weight of b is the pixel density ρ of the j-th candidate pixel vector pattern in the candidate pixel vector pattern set. j The weights are given, and a+b=1; S1023a When any object to be specified is specified, the pattern to be converted is converted into the corresponding dot matrix vector pattern based on the specified object and its quantity on a single photovoltaic cell and the size of the isolated point.

[0072] As mentioned earlier, even with the same style, different reference patterns will result in different dot matrix vector patterns. Therefore, the set of candidate dot matrix vector patterns in step S1021a includes multiple candidate dot matrix vector patterns produced based on the same reference pattern. These candidate dot matrix vector patterns differ in at least one of the following parameters: energy conversion efficiency (all greater than or equal to a preset energy conversion efficiency) or energy loss rate (all less than or equal to a preset energy loss rate), dot matrix density (all greater than or equal to a preset dot matrix density), isolated dot size, and the number of dots on a single photovoltaic cell. Therefore, to save the user's workload, the recommendation in step S1022b is based on a recommendation index.

[0073] Example 4: This invention also provides another design method for a color photovoltaic module, which includes the steps of Example 1, Example 2, or Example 3 above. The difference is that, in order to achieve greater visual diversity in the pattern to meet specific user preferences and design aesthetics, after adjusting the size of the isolated points using the above adjustment rules, the size and / or number of isolated points in local areas of the dot matrix vector pattern can be further randomly adjusted. Accordingly, step S102 further includes the step: S1028 obtaining adjustment parameters and randomly adjusting the size of the dot matrix in the specified area based on the adjustment parameters. The adjustment parameters include the size and position of the specified local area. The size of the local area refers to the percentage of the local area in the area of ​​the dot matrix vector pattern. Preferably, this percentage is 10% to 90%. Although the patterns on multiple photovoltaic cells are repeated, by randomizing the size and / or number of isolated points, the aesthetic appeal of the pattern is increased, while ensuring effective light transmission.

[0074] See Figure 11 The images show the visual effects of randomly adjusting isolated points within local regions at different percentages, including the size and number of randomized isolated points. Of course, if randomization is disabled, the size of isolated points within a local region is determined by the image's grayscale values; see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 12 .

[0075] Of course, the shading area of ​​the photovoltaic module can be further estimated based on the area of ​​each isolated point after randomization, thereby estimating the energy conversion efficiency. If the estimated energy conversion efficiency is lower than the preset minimum energy conversion efficiency, it will prompt that the size of the isolated point needs to be adjusted until the estimated energy conversion efficiency is greater than or equal to the preset minimum energy conversion efficiency. For example, the difference between the energy conversion efficiency estimated after randomization and the preset minimum energy conversion efficiency.

[0076] Example 5: This invention also provides another design method for a color photovoltaic module, which includes the steps of Example 1, Example 2, Example 3, or Example 4 above. The difference is that in this example, the color of each isolated point can be adjusted to meet user requirements, significantly impacting the aesthetics and functionality of the solar cell design. Accordingly, step S102 further includes step S1029: adjusting the color of a specified area based on preset color adjustment parameters. The preset color adjustment parameters are input by the user through the user interface. Specifically, the color adjustment parameters include the values ​​of the G, B, and R color channels. For example, see... Figure 9 This involves adjusting the skin tone of a specified area; or adjusting the lip color; or simultaneously adjusting both the lip color and the face color of a specified area. See the final adjusted raster vector pattern. Figure 10 .

[0077] Example 6: A design system for colored patterns applied in photovoltaic modules.

[0078] Based on the design methods of the above embodiments, the present invention also provides a design system for color patterns applied in photovoltaic modules, comprising: a reference library configured to store different types of reference dot matrix vector units; the types of the reference dot matrix vector units include: architectural style, artistic style, and natural style, and each style includes at least one reference pattern formed by the dot matrix with different visual effects or different specific patterns; for example, a reference pattern formed by the dot matrix to form architectural elements: cloud patterns; a reference pattern formed by the dot matrix to present geometric elements: triangles; and a reference pattern formed by the dot matrix to form natural elements: leaves; a data acquisition module configured to acquire the image to be converted and preset parameters; the preset parameters include: the type of the reference dot matrix vector unit, the reference pattern of the reference dot matrix vector unit, a preset energy conversion efficiency Q0 (or a preset energy loss efficiency P0), and a preset dot matrix density ρ0, or one or more of these; a pattern conversion module connected to the data acquisition module, configured to convert the pattern to be converted into a corresponding dot matrix vector pattern based on the preset parameters; the dot matrix vector pattern makes the energy loss efficiency of the color photovoltaic module less than or equal to the preset energy loss efficiency (e.g., 20% or 30%).

[0079] In some embodiments, the dot matrix vector pattern includes at least one reference dot matrix vector unit located on each photovoltaic cell, and the pattern formed by the at least one reference dot matrix vector unit on each photovoltaic cell is the same.

[0080] In some embodiments, the design system further includes a human-computer interaction module configured to interact with the user to obtain the pattern to be converted specified by the user and send it to the aforementioned data acquisition module.

[0081] In other embodiments, the user may not specify the type of reference lattice vector unit, but the system needs to automatically recommend one based on user-set parameters, such as a preset energy conversion efficiency Q0 or a preset energy loss rate and a preset lattice density ρ0. Accordingly, the design system further includes: a first matching module configured to input the preset energy conversion efficiency Q0 and the preset lattice density ρ0 into a pre-trained matching model to obtain a set of candidate lattice vector patterns generated for each reference lattice vector unit, and pattern parameters corresponding to each candidate lattice vector pattern. These pattern parameters include the lattice density, and / or the number of corresponding reference lattice vector units on a single photovoltaic cell, and the size of each isolated point in each reference lattice vector unit; a second matching module configured to calculate the recommendation index for each candidate lattice vector pattern, and to arrange all candidate lattice vector patterns in each set of candidate lattice vector patterns in descending order of recommendation index, and to select at least one candidate lattice vector pattern with the highest recommendation index from each set of candidate lattice vector patterns as the reference lattice vector unit to be specified; the recommendation index T = Q. i，j a *ρ i，j b *100%, or, T=P i，j a *ρ i，j b *100%; where a is the energy conversion efficiency Q of the j-th candidate dot matrix vector pattern in the i-th candidate dot matrix vector pattern set. i，j Or energy loss rate P i，j The weight of b is the pixel density ρ of the j-th candidate pixel vector pattern in the i-th candidate pixel vector pattern set. i，j The weights are a+b=1; the third matching module is configured to obtain the reference point vector unit corresponding to the specified object when any specified object is specified, which is the reference point vector unit specified by the user.

[0082] Example 7: Colored Photovoltaic Module (BIPV / BAPV)

[0083] The present invention also provides a color photovoltaic module obtained based on the above-described design method for color photovoltaic modules, which will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0084] The color photovoltaic module of the present invention includes: at least one photovoltaic cell, wherein a pattern layer is disposed on the photovoltaic cell. Specifically, the pattern layer includes: at least one reference dot matrix vector unit, each reference dot matrix vector unit including: a plurality of isolated shading areas arranged according to a preset reference pattern in a specified style, and some or all of the isolated shading areas form a specified pattern, such that the energy conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module is greater than or equal to a preset energy conversion efficiency Q0 (or such that the energy loss rate of the photovoltaic module is less than or equal to a preset energy loss rate). The isolated shading areas are formed using an opaque material.

[0085] In some embodiments, the style of the reference point vector unit includes architectural style, artistic style, and natural style, and each style includes a different reference pattern formed by multiple isolated occluded regions. The aforementioned preset reference pattern includes: a reference pattern of architectural elements formed by multiple isolated occluded regions (or isolated points), for example... Figure 3a Classic architectural elements shown: cloud patterns; or basic patterns of geometric elements formed by multiple isolated, occluded areas (or isolated points), such as... Figure 3b The geometric elements shown are: triangles; or a base pattern of natural elements formed by multiple isolated occluded regions (or isolated points), for example... Figure 3c The natural elements shown are: curves or leaves.

[0086] Specifically, see Figure 3a The architecturally styled cloud-like pattern includes: a first dot matrix 801 formed by multiple equally spaced isolated shading areas; and multiple second dot matrices 802 formed by equally spaced isolated shading areas surrounding the first dot matrix 801. The uncolored area on the light-incident surface of the photovoltaic module located between the first and second dot matrices 801 is a light-transmitting area 803. Of course, the uncolored area between isolated shading areas in the dot matrix is ​​also a light-transmitting area 803. See also... Figure 3b The artistically styled triangular reference pattern includes a third dot matrix 804 formed by multiple isolated shading areas in a water-like shape. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the artistically styled triangular reference pattern includes two fourth dot matrices 805 symmetrically arranged in a V-shape formed by multiple isolated shading areas, and a fifth dot matrix 806 formed by multiple isolated shading areas on the axis of symmetry of the two fourth dot matrices 805. Similarly, the uncolored areas on the light incident surface of the photovoltaic module located between the dot matrices and between isolated shading areas are light-transmitting areas 803. See also... Figure 3c and Figure 3d It has a natural style: the base pattern of the leaves includes: a sixth dot matrix 807 symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides and a seventh dot matrix 808 symmetrically arranged on the top and bottom sides; wherein, see Figure 3cThe sixth dot matrix 807 includes: a first fan-shaped region 8071 formed by multiple isolated occlusion regions, and a second fan-shaped region 8072 symmetrically arranged on both sides of the first fan-shaped region 8071. The first fan-shaped region 8071 includes multiple first dot matrix curves 8070 spaced apart from the center point along a radial extension direction, and the curvature of the multiple first dot matrix curves 8070 gradually increases in the direction away from the center point. The second fan-shaped region 8072 includes multiple second dot matrix curves 8070' spaced apart from the far end along the direction close to the center point of the first fan-shaped region 8071, and the curvature of the multiple second dot matrix curves 8070' gradually increases in the direction close to the center point of the first fan-shaped region 8071. See also Figure 3d The seventh dot matrix 808 includes: a first sector region 8071 formed by multiple isolated occlusion regions, and a second sector region 8072 symmetrically arranged on both sides of the first sector region 8071. The first sector region 8071 includes multiple first dot matrix curves 8070 spaced apart from the center point along a radial extension direction, and the curvature of the multiple first dot matrix curves 8070 gradually increases in the direction away from the center point. The second sector region 8072 includes multiple second dot matrix curves 8070' spaced apart from the top of the first sector region 8071 along the direction close to the arc end point of the first sector region 8071, and the curvature of the multiple second dot matrix curves 8070' gradually increases from the top of the first sector region 8071 along the direction close to the arc end point of the first sector region 8071.

[0087] Preferably, since the number of isolated occluded regions in each reference lattice vector unit uses a default value, when the size of the isolated occluded regions is the same, the density ρ1 of isolated occluded regions in the reference pattern with cloud-like patterns is greater than the density ρ2 of isolated occluded regions in the reference pattern with triangles, and the density ρ1 of isolated occluded regions in the reference pattern with cloud-like patterns is less than the density ρ3 of isolated occluded regions in the reference pattern with blades. The aforementioned specified patterns are specified by the user. Specifically, they can be downloaded from the network or specified in the design system's library.

[0088] The colored photovoltaic modules used for building facades in this embodiment offset building energy consumption through high design flexibility in color and pattern, offering the following advantages: (1) Customizable aesthetics in architecture. A variety of colors and patterns can be selected according to actual design needs, thus customizing to suit the unique visual requirements of any facade or building design. (2) Mitigation of hotspot risk. The dot matrix vector pattern of the colored photovoltaic panels generated by the design methods of the above embodiments can minimize the impact of hotspots and ensure uniform energy distribution on the surface. (3) Advanced energy production. Compared with non-colored high-efficiency solar photovoltaic panels, most efficiency losses remain within 20%.

[0089] See Figure 14 and Figures 15-16 Based on the design methods of the above embodiments, color photovoltaic modules M1, M2, M3, M5, M6, and M9 with different dot matrix vector patterns are obtained respectively. Each color photovoltaic module includes four photovoltaic cells, and the specified patterns formed by all isolated shading areas on the four photovoltaic cells are different. (1) M1 to M4, M6 to M9: various printing patterns (color coverage from 18.66% to 61.51%); (2) M7, M8, and M9: the same original printing pattern, but with different coverage: M-7 adopts full printing with a color coverage of 100%; M-8 has a color coverage of 61.58%; and M-9 has a color coverage of 26.48%.

[0090] Based on the color photovoltaic module, the present invention also provides a renewable energy generator, which includes the aforementioned color photovoltaic module.

[0091] Example 8: Characteristic and Reliability Testing of Colored Photovoltaic Modules

[0092] The characteristics and reliability of the color photovoltaic modules obtained using any of the design methods in Examples 1-5 above will be described below based on laboratory-scale test results. This test aims to evaluate the energy conversion efficiency of photovoltaic panels with various printed patterns and compare them with a reference photovoltaic panel M5 without printed patterns. Furthermore, these evaluations are conducted under standard test conditions (STC): 1000W / M 2 The study was conducted using a high-precision solar simulator at 25°C and AM1.5G, ensuring the reliability of the results.

[0093] According to the test results, the energy conversion efficiency of the color photovoltaic (PV) modules obtained using the design methods in Examples 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 described above is significantly better than that of existing full-color printed PV modules on the market (e.g., M7). Although the energy conversion efficiency of each patterned color PV module is lower than that of the reference module M5, the pattern application obtained using the design method of the present invention can effectively mitigate the efficiency loss, and color PV modules with different pattern coverage (i.e., different shading areas) all exhibit an acceptable reduction in energy conversion efficiency.

[0094] Laboratory-scale testing was conducted on color photovoltaic modules obtained using the design method of this invention to evaluate the performance of various photovoltaic panels with different printing patterns (including dot matrix vector patterns obtained using the design method of this invention), and their efficiency was compared with a reference benchmark module M5 and a currently commercially available full-color printed photovoltaic panel M7. The tests were conducted using a state-of-the-art solar simulator to ensure accuracy and reliability.

[0095] The equipment and methods used in the test:

[0096] 1. The electrical characteristics of the photovoltaic module were tested using two state-of-the-art solar simulators with the following performance parameters: Pastan SunSim 3B by Meyer Burger (10 millisecond pulse); ModuleTest3 by halm (100 millisecond pulse).

[0097] 2. Testing Procedure: The testing process was conducted under standard test conditions (STC): 1000W / m 2 Irradiance, temperature at 25°C, AM1.5g spectrum.

[0098] The following colored photovoltaic modules with various printing patterns were evaluated: (1) See Figure 13 and Figure 14 M1 to M4, M6 to M9: Various printed patterns obtained using the design methods of the above embodiments, with color coverage ranging from 18.66% to 61.51%, see Table 1; (2) see Figure 15 M7, M8, M9: The same printed pattern (all obtained using the design methods of the above embodiments), but different coverage (e.g., different coverage by changing the size of isolated areas): M7 is fully printed with a color coverage of 100% (i.e. there are no transparent areas between isolated dots); M8 uses a high coverage pattern with a color coverage of 61.58%; M9 uses a low coverage pattern with a color coverage of 26.48%; (3) Reference photovoltaic panel M5: Ordinary photovoltaic cell without any printed pattern; (4) M5C: M5 with colored glass overlaid on it, with a color coverage of 26.48%.

[0099] 3. Results and Analysis.

[0100] 3.1 Performance Indicators: Table 1 below summarizes the key performance indicators for each photovoltaic module, including maximum power (Pmax), maximum power voltage (Vmp), maximum power current (Imp), open-circuit voltage (Voc), short-circuit current (Isc), and the module's conversion efficiency (STC efficiency) under standard test conditions. Efficiency losses compared to the reference benchmark photovoltaic panel M5 are also listed.

[0101] Table 1 Key performance indicators for each photovoltaic module

[0102]

[0103]

[0104] All data in the tables are based on a standard 60-cell photovoltaic panel (1.6m x 1m).

[0105] See Figure 16Table 1 compares the STC efficiency of solar panels with different color coverage rates: the M7 panel (full-color) has 100% color coverage but the lowest STC efficiency, at only 1.95%. This indicates that the traditional full-color printing method significantly reduces the STC efficiency of the solar panel. The M5 panel (a standard photovoltaic cell without any printed colors), serving as a reference module, has 0% color coverage and the highest STC efficiency at 16.63%. Compared to M5, the STC efficiencies of panels M1, M2, M3, M4, M5C (colored glass coverage), and M6 range from 12.73% to 14.5%, while the baseline STC efficiency of M5 is 16.63%. A comparison of panels M7, M8, and M9 shows that, with the same number of reference dot matrix vector units, controlling the size of isolated dots can significantly affect the STC efficiency and aesthetics of the solar panel. The dot matrix vector patterns generated by the design methods of the above embodiments effectively balance aesthetics and solar panel STC efficiency. See also... Figure 17 Table 1 compares the relative efficiency loss of panels with different color coverage rates to the reference panel M5. Since the M5 panel consists of ordinary photovoltaic cells without any printed patterns and is used as the comparison benchmark, its color coverage and relative efficiency loss are both 0%. The relative efficiency losses of panels M1, M2, M3, M4, and M6 compared to the M5 panel range from 12.64% to 21.09%. In contrast, the full-color M7 panel shows a significant relative efficiency loss of 88.27% compared to the M5 panel. However, by using the design methods of the above embodiments, the efficiency of panels M8 and M9 is improved, with relative efficiency losses of 56.15% and 18.86%, respectively.

[0106] In summary, the design method of this invention effectively balances aesthetics and solar panel efficiency. This method allows for the creation of visually appealing solar panels while minimizing relative efficiency loss compared to conventional unprinted photovoltaic cells, while achieving improved energy conversion efficiency compared to fully colored photovoltaic cells.

[0107] 3.2 Analysis and Summary: See [link / reference] Figures 18a-18f This is a detailed voltage-current versus irradiance graph for each module M1 to M5, M5C (each photovoltaic module includes 60 photovoltaic cells). See also... Figures 19a-19d This is a detailed voltage-current versus irradiance graph for modules M6 to M9 (each module contains 60 photovoltaic cells). Figure 20aThis diagram provides detailed voltage-current versus irradiance graphs for modules M1, M2, M3, M4, M6, and M9 (each module contains 60 photovoltaic cells). It shows a comparative analysis of the voltage-current characteristics and irradiance levels of the solar photovoltaic panels M1, M2, M3, M4, M6, and M9. The relationship between voltage (V) and current (A) for each solar photovoltaic panel is shown, with voltage on the x-axis, current on the y-axis, and irradiance (W / m²). 2 () is represented by the area under the curve. Figure 20b Detailed voltage-current versus irradiance graphs are provided for modules M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, and M5C (each module contains 60 photovoltaic cells). Figure 20a and Figure 20b It can be seen that different patterns and colored glass covers affect the STC efficiency of photovoltaic panels: The effect of patterns: Panels with printed patterns (M1 to M9) typically show lower STC efficiencies than the reference panel M5, with efficiency losses ranging from 12.64% (M3) to 88.27% (M7). Reference performance (M5): The original cell without any printed patterns serves as the benchmark, exhibiting the highest maximum power (Pmax) and STC efficiency under standard test conditions (STC). The effect of colored glass coverage (M5 with colored glass): The glass cover on the original cell significantly reduces STC efficiency, highlighting the impact of the additional layer on photovoltaic performance. Figure 20a It can be seen that M1 exhibits the highest current output across the entire voltage range, followed closely by M2. The current outputs of M3, M4, and M6 are slightly lower, and their curves cluster together, indicating that the products obtained based on the design schemes of the above embodiments have similar and stable performance.

[0108] 3.3 Detailed comparison.

[0109] 3.3.1 Comparison of M5 and M5C: M5: Using the original battery without any printed patterns as a benchmark, its maximum power (Pmax) is 245.000W, and its STC efficiency under standard test conditions (STC) is 16.63%. M5C (covered with colored glass): The ordinary battery covered with colored glass shows a reduced maximum power (Pmax) of 176.616W and an STC efficiency of 11.98%, indicating the effect of the glass covering. Compared to M5, the efficiency loss is 27.99%. See also... Figure 21 The voltage-current characteristics and irradiance levels of two solar panels were compared: M5 (plain cell without printed patterns) and M5C (plain cell covered with colored glass). M5 served as the benchmark, with a maximum power output of 245,000 W and an efficiency of 16.63% under standard test conditions (STC). In contrast, the M5C model, with its colored glass cover, had a reduced maximum power output of 176.616 W and an STC efficiency of 11.98%. Figure 21The impact of stained glass overlay on panel electrical performance is clearly demonstrated. Throughout the voltage range, the current output of the M5C is consistently lower than that of the M5. This reduction in current output is directly attributed to the optical losses introduced by the stained glass overlay, affecting light transmission and energy conversion efficiency. The irradiance area under each curve provides a visual representation of the difference in power generation potential between the two. The irradiance area of ​​the M5 is significantly larger than that of the M5C, indicating its superior power output capability. The smaller irradiance area of ​​the M5C is a direct result of the negative impact of the stained glass overlay on panel performance.

[0110] 3.3.2 Comparison of M5 with M7, M8, and M9: M7: The panel with a different specific pattern shows a significant performance degradation, with a maximum power (Pmax) of 28.801W and an STC efficiency of 1.95% under standard test conditions (STC), see Table 1. Compared to M5, the efficiency loss is 88.27%, see Table 1 and... Figure 17 M8: The maximum power (Pmax) of this panel is 107.345W, and the STC efficiency is 7.29%. See Table 1 and... Figure 16 Compared to M5, the efficiency loss is 56.15%, see Table 1 and... Figure 17 M9: A printed panel with a different specific pattern displays a maximum power (Pmax) of 198.803W and an STC efficiency of 13.50%, see Table 1 and Figure 16 Compared to M5, the efficiency loss is 18.86%. (See Table 1 and...) Figure 17 The comparison clearly shows that the M7 has the lowest performance, followed by the M8, and then the M9. This trend highlights the impact of pattern coverage on STC efficiency.

[0111] See Figure 22 This figure presents a comparative analysis of the voltage-current characteristics and irradiance levels of solar panels M5, M7, M8, and M9. Voltage is located on the x-axis, current on the y-axis, and irradiance (W / m²) is represented. 2The area under the curve is used to represent the current output. M5, as a reference panel without any printed pattern, exhibits the highest current output across the entire voltage range. In contrast, M7, with its full-color printed pattern, shows the lowest current output among the comparative models. This significant reduction in current output can be attributed to optical losses introduced by the continuous color layer on the surface of the M7 panel. Interestingly, the M8 and M9 models, employing the dot matrix vector pattern designed using the methods described in the above embodiments, exhibit better performance compared to the M7 model. M8's higher current output indicates that the optimized dot matrix vector pattern enhances light transmission and minimizes optical losses compared to the full-color printed pattern. M9 further improves upon the performance of M8, demonstrating that a fine dot matrix vector pattern (due to its coverage, i.e., smaller shading area) can effectively balance aesthetic appeal and solar cell efficiency. Furthermore, M5 has the largest irradiance area, indicating its superior power output capability. M9 follows closely behind M5, demonstrating the effectiveness of the optimized dot matrix vector pattern in incorporating aesthetic design elements while maintaining high power output. The gradually decreasing irradiance areas of M8 and M7 reflect their lower power generation capabilities.

[0112] In short, Figure 22 This study provides a comprehensive comparison of the voltage-current characteristics and irradiance levels of solar panel modules with varying degrees of color-printed patterns. It presents the trade-off between aesthetic design and solar cell performance, demonstrating the potential of optimized dot matrix vector patterns to achieve a balance between visual appeal and energy generation efficiency.

[0113] 4. Efficiency Loss Comparison: See [link / reference] Figure 23 The box plots show the efficiency losses of different solar panels compared to the baseline panel M5. The box plots include panels M1, M2, M3, M4, M6, and M9.

[0114] 4.1 Components of a Box Plot: Boxes: Represent the interquartile range (IQR), encompassing the middle 50% of the data. Whiskers: The minimum and maximum values ​​extending from the boxes to 1.5 times the IQR. Outliers: Data points located outside the whiskers, representing variability or unique characteristics.

[0115] 4.2 Explanation of the efficiency loss box plot: See Figure 23M1: The efficiency loss values ​​closely surround the median, indicating consistent performance. There are no significant outliers, indicating stable efficiency loss relative to M5. M2: Similar to M1, the efficiency loss is consistent, with a slightly wider interquartile range. There are no outliers, indicating stable efficiency loss performance. M3: Compared to M1 and M2, the median efficiency loss is higher, indicating a more significant performance decline relative to M5. The wider interquartile range indicates greater variability in the efficiency loss values. There are no significant outliers, indicating variability within the expected range. M4: Similar efficiency loss distribution to M3, but the median efficiency loss is slightly lower. Compared to M3, the variability is similar, with no significant outliers. M6: The median efficiency loss is lower than M3 and M4, but higher than M1 and M2. The interquartile range is similar to M4, indicating moderate variability. There are no significant outliers. M9: The median efficiency loss is similar to M6, but slightly higher. The slightly wider interquartile range indicates greater variability. There are no significant outliers.

[0116] 4.3 Summary of Efficiency Loss Comparison: The box plot provides a visual summary of the efficiency loss distribution of different solar panels relative to the unprinted panel M5. The M3 panel exhibits the highest efficiency loss and greatest variability, while the M1 and M2 panels show the most stable performance and the smallest efficiency loss. The M4 and M6 panels exhibit moderate efficiency loss and variability, while the M9 panel shows slightly higher variability than the M6. The analysis shows that M5 (the baseline) performs best, with the highest Pmax and STC efficiencies, while panels with specific printing patterns (M7) show a significant performance decline. Sparse pattern printing (M3, with the smallest coverage) improves performance compared to other printing patterns (M2, M4, M6, and M9 with the same coverage). However, the original cells covered with ordinary glass (M5 with glass cover) also show a significant reduction in efficiency.

[0117] 5. Features of Colored Photovoltaic Modules. The colored photovoltaic panels obtained by the design methods of the above embodiments have the following significant features: (1) Customizable aesthetics in architecture: Choose from a variety of colors and patterns to suit the unique visual requirements of any facade or architectural design. (2) Mitigation of hotspot risk: Automatically generate colored photovoltaic panel graphics and minimize hotspot effects while ensuring uniform energy distribution on the surface. (3) Applicable to different buildings: Suitable for commercial, residential and public buildings, with sufficient versatility to be integrated into various projects. (4) Advanced energy production: Compared with non-colored high-efficiency solar photovoltaic panels, most efficiency losses remain within 20%.

[0118] 6. Conclusion: By evaluating the performance of various photovoltaic panels with different printed patterns and comparing their efficiency with a benchmark module under Standard Test Conditions (STC): the original cell without any printed pattern (M5) achieved the highest maximum power (Pmax) of 245,000 W and an STC efficiency of 16.63% as the benchmark. The cell covered with colored glass (M5C) showed a significant performance reduction, with a Pmax of 176.616 W and an STC efficiency of 11.98%, representing an efficiency loss of 27.99% compared to the benchmark. Panels with various printed patterns (M1 to M9) generally showed lower efficiency than the benchmark, with efficiency losses ranging from 12.64% (M3) to 88.27% (M7). The panel with a fully printed pattern (M7) exhibited the most significant performance degradation, with a Pmax of 28.801 W and an STC efficiency of 1.95%. Panels with high-coverage patterns (M8) and low-coverage patterns (M9) outperformed fully printed panels, but still showed significant efficiency losses compared to the baseline. The study indicates that while the baseline panel (M5) without any printed patterns offered the highest efficiency, adding printed patterns generally degrades performance. However, the degree of this degradation varies depending on the type and coverage of the pattern. Fully printed panels (M7) showed the largest performance drop, while panels with sparse patterns (M3) and low coverage (M9) maintained better efficiency. The efficiency improvement achieved using a color photovoltaic pattern generation algorithm was significantly better than that of the full-color printed panel (M7).

[0119] All Pmax values ​​in this test are calculated based on a standard 60-cell photovoltaic panel (1.6m x 1m) (i.e., a photovoltaic panel or module with 60 photovoltaic cells).

[0120] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Unless otherwise specified, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element.

[0121] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms. Of course, they can also be implemented by hardware, but in many cases the former is a better implementation method. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium (such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk) and includes several instructions to cause a computer terminal (which may be a mobile phone, computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the various embodiments of the present invention.

[0122] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other forms under the guidance of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims. All of these forms are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A design method for dot matrix vector patterns applied in color photovoltaic modules, characterized in that, Including the following steps: S101 acquires the pattern to be converted and preset parameters; The preset parameters include one or more of the following: the type of the reference dot matrix vector unit, the reference pattern of the reference dot matrix vector unit, the preset energy conversion efficiency Q0 and / or the preset energy loss rate P0, and the preset dot matrix density ρ0; wherein, the type of the reference dot matrix vector unit includes architectural style, artistic style and natural style, and each style includes at least one reference pattern formed by the dot matrix to create different visual effects. S102 converts the image to be converted into a dot matrix vector pattern applied to the photovoltaic module based on the preset parameters. The dot matrix vector pattern makes the energy conversion efficiency of the color photovoltaic module greater than or equal to the preset energy conversion efficiency, or makes the energy loss efficiency of the color photovoltaic module less than or equal to the preset energy loss efficiency, and makes the shading area of ​​each photovoltaic cell in the photovoltaic module the same. The dot matrix vector pattern includes at least one of the reference patterns.

2. The design method for a dot matrix vector pattern applied in a color photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, If the preset parameters set by the user include: preset energy conversion efficiency Q0 and / or preset energy loss rate P0 and preset lattice density ρ0, then step S102 specifically includes the following steps: S1021 inputs a preset energy conversion efficiency Q0 or a preset energy loss rate P0 and a preset lattice density ρ0 into a pre-trained matching model to obtain a set of candidate lattice vector patterns generated based on each reference lattice vector unit, and pattern parameters corresponding to each candidate lattice vector pattern. The pattern parameters include lattice density, energy conversion efficiency and / or energy loss rate, the number of reference lattice vector units on a single photovoltaic cell, and the size of each isolated point in the reference lattice vector unit. Each set of candidate lattice vector patterns includes candidate lattice vector patterns with the same style but generated based on different reference patterns. S1022 Arrange all candidate bitmap vectors in each candidate bitmap vector pattern set in descending order of recommendation index, and select the reference bitmap vector unit corresponding to at least one candidate bitmap vector with the highest recommendation index from each candidate bitmap vector pattern set as the object to be designated; the recommendation index T = Q i，j a *ρ i，j b *100%, or, T=P i，j a *ρ i，j b *100%; where a is the energy conversion efficiency Q of the j-th candidate dot matrix vector pattern in the i-th candidate dot matrix vector pattern set. i，j Or energy loss rate P i，j The weight of b is the pixel density ρ of the j-th candidate pixel vector pattern in the i-th candidate pixel vector pattern set. i，j The weights are given, and a+b=1, i=1,2,3; S1023 When any object to be specified is specified, the pattern to be converted is converted into the corresponding dot matrix vector pattern based on the pattern parameters obtained in step S1021. or, If the preset parameters specified by the user include: the type of reference lattice vector unit, preset energy conversion efficiency Q0 and / or preset energy loss rate P0 and preset lattice density ρ0, then step S102 specifically includes the following steps: S1021 a inputs the type of the reference dot matrix vector unit, the preset energy conversion efficiency Q0 or preset energy loss rate P0, and the preset dot matrix density ρ0 into a pre-trained matching model to obtain a set of candidate dot matrix vector patterns generated based on the reference dot matrix vector unit of the specified type, and the pattern parameters corresponding to each candidate dot matrix vector pattern. The pattern parameters include the dot matrix density, the number of reference dot matrix vector units on a single photovoltaic cell, and the size of each isolated point in the reference dot matrix vector unit. The set of candidate dot matrix vector patterns includes candidate dot matrix vector patterns with a specified style but different reference patterns. S1022a arranges all candidate dot matrix vector patterns in the candidate dot matrix vector pattern set in descending order of recommendation index, and selects at least one reference dot matrix vector unit corresponding to the candidate dot matrix vector pattern with the highest recommendation index from the candidate dot matrix vector pattern set as the object to be specified; the recommendation index T = Q j a *ρ j b *100%, or, T=P j a *ρ j b *100%; where a is the energy conversion efficiency Q of the j-th candidate dot matrix vector pattern in the candidate dot matrix vector pattern set. j Or energy loss rate P j The weight of b is the pixel density ρ of the j-th candidate pixel vector pattern in the candidate pixel vector pattern set. j The weights are given, and a+b=1; S1023a When any object to be specified is specified, the pattern to be converted is converted into the corresponding dot matrix vector pattern based on the specified object and its pattern parameters.

3. The design method for a dot matrix vector pattern applied in a color photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The architectural style's reference pattern includes: a first lattice formed by multiple equally spaced isolated points; a second lattice formed by multiple equally spaced isolated points surrounding the first lattice; and / or, The reference pattern of the artistic style includes: a third lattice formed by multiple isolated points in a water-like shape; or, it includes: two fourth lattices formed by multiple isolated points in a V-shape and symmetrically arranged, and a fifth lattice formed by multiple isolated points located on the axis of symmetry of the two fourth lattices; and / or, The natural-style reference pattern includes: a sixth dot matrix symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides and a seventh dot matrix symmetrically arranged on the top and bottom sides; wherein, The sixth dot matrix includes: a first sector region formed by multiple isolated points, and a second sector region symmetrically arranged on both sides of the first sector region. The first sector region includes multiple first dot matrix curves spaced apart along a radial extension from the center point, and the curvature of the first dot matrix curves gradually increases from the direction away from the center point. The second sector region includes multiple second dot matrix curves spaced apart from the distal end along a direction close to the center point of the first sector region, and the curvature of the multiple second dot matrix curves gradually increases from the direction close to the center point of the first sector region; and / or The seventh lattice includes: a first sector region formed by multiple isolated points, and a second sector region symmetrically arranged on both sides of the first sector region. The first sector region includes multiple first lattice curves spaced apart from the center point along a radial extension direction, and the curvature of the first lattice curves gradually increases from the direction away from the center point. The second sector region includes multiple second lattice curves spaced apart from the top of the first sector region along an arc-shaped endpoint close to the first sector region, and the curvature of the multiple second lattice curves gradually increases from the top of the first sector region along an arc-shaped endpoint close to the first sector region.

4. A design method for a dot matrix vector pattern applied to a color photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The preset parameters also include a preset visible distance, and step S102 further includes the following steps: S1024 Obtain the preset visible distance; if the preset visible distance is less than or equal to a preset first distance threshold, execute step S1025; if the preset visible distance is greater than the first distance threshold but less than or equal to a preset second distance threshold, execute step S1026; if the preset visible distance is greater than the second distance threshold but less than or equal to a preset third distance threshold, execute step S1027. S1025 adjusts the size of the isolated point based on the graphic guidance rules; S1026 adjusts the size of the isolated point based on the balanced conductor rule; S1027 adjusts the size of the isolated point based on the energy-directed rule.

5. A method for designing dot matrix vector patterns applied in a color photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, Step S102 also includes the following steps: S1028 Obtains adjustment parameters and, based on the adjustment parameters, randomly adjusts the size and / or number of isolated points in the specified local region; the adjustment parameters include the size of the specified local region; and / or, S1029 adjusts the color of a specified area based on preset color adjustment parameters.

6. A design method for a colored photovoltaic module, characterized in that, Including the following steps: The design method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 yields a dot matrix vector pattern applicable to photovoltaic modules; S103 uses an opaque material to form a dot matrix in the dot matrix vector pattern on the light incident surface of the photovoltaic module, and the dot matrix vector pattern is aligned with the photovoltaic module, so that the shading area of ​​each photovoltaic cell in the photovoltaic module is the same as that of the isolated shading area in the dot matrix; a light-transmitting area is formed between the dot matrix and between the isolated shading areas for light to pass through.

7. A colored photovoltaic module, characterized in that, The photovoltaic module includes a pattern layer disposed on the light incident surface of the photovoltaic module. The pattern layer includes at least one reference dot matrix vector unit disposed on each photovoltaic cell. The reference dot matrix vector unit includes multiple isolated shading areas arranged according to a preset reference pattern in a specified style. Some or all of the isolated shading areas form a specified pattern on the photovoltaic module, such that the energy conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module is greater than or equal to a preset energy conversion efficiency Q0, or the energy loss rate of the photovoltaic module is less than or equal to a preset energy loss rate P0. The isolated shading areas are formed using opaque materials; the styles include architectural, artistic, and natural styles, and each style includes at least one different baseline pattern formed by multiple isolated shading areas.

8. A color photovoltaic module according to claim 7, characterized in that, The architectural style's baseline pattern includes: a first dot matrix formed by multiple equally spaced dots; multiple second dot matrices formed by multiple equally spaced dots surrounding the first dot matrix; and the gaps between the isolated shading areas form the light-transmitting areas of the photovoltaic module; and / or, The artistic style's baseline pattern includes: a third dot matrix formed by multiple dots in a water-character shape, with the gaps between the isolated shading areas forming the light-transmitting area of ​​the photovoltaic module; or, the artistic style's baseline pattern includes: two fourth dot matrices formed by multiple dots in a V-shape and symmetrically arranged, and a fifth dot matrix formed by multiple dots located on the axis of symmetry of the two fourth dot matrices, with the gaps between the isolated shading areas forming the light-transmitting area of ​​the photovoltaic module; and / or, The basic pattern in the natural style includes: a sixth dot matrix symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides and a seventh dot matrix symmetrically arranged on the top and bottom sides; among which, The sixth dot matrix includes: a first sector region formed by multiple dots, and a second sector region symmetrically arranged on both sides of the first sector region. The first sector region includes multiple first dot matrix curves spaced apart along a radial extension from the center point, and the curvature of the first dot matrix curves gradually increases from the direction away from the center point. The second sector region includes multiple second dot matrix curves spaced apart from the distal end along a direction close to the center point of the first sector region, and the curvature of the multiple second dot matrix curves gradually increases from the direction close to the center point of the first sector region; and / or The seventh lattice includes: a first sector region formed by multiple isolated points, and a second sector region symmetrically arranged on both sides of the first sector region. The first sector region includes multiple first lattice curves spaced apart from the center point along a radial extension direction, and the curvature of the first lattice curves gradually increases from the direction away from the center point. The second sector region includes multiple second lattice curves spaced apart from the top of the first sector region along an arc-shaped endpoint close to the first sector region, and the curvature of the multiple second lattice curves gradually increases from the top of the first sector region along an arc-shaped endpoint close to the first sector region.

9. A color photovoltaic module according to claim 8, characterized in that, When the size of the isolated shading areas is the same, the density ρ1 of the isolated shading areas in the architectural style reference pattern is greater than the density ρ2 of the isolated shading areas in the artistic style reference pattern, and the density ρ1 of the isolated shading areas in the architectural style reference pattern is less than the density ρ3 of the isolated shading areas in the natural style reference pattern; or, one natural style reference pattern is set on each photovoltaic cell.

10. A design system for bitmap vector patterns, characterized in that, include. The benchmark library is configured to store different types of benchmark matrix vector units; The types of the reference dot matrix vector units include: architectural style, artistic style and natural style, and each style includes at least one reference pattern formed by the dot matrix to create different visual effects; The data acquisition module is configured to acquire the image to be converted and preset parameters; the preset parameters include one or more of the following: the type of the reference dot matrix vector unit, the reference pattern of the reference dot matrix vector unit, the preset energy conversion efficiency Q0 and / or the preset energy loss efficiency P0, and the preset dot matrix density ρ0; The pattern conversion module, connected to the data acquisition module and the reference image library, is configured to convert the pattern to be converted into a corresponding dot matrix vector pattern based on the preset parameters; the dot matrix vector pattern makes the energy conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module greater than or equal to the preset energy conversion efficiency, or makes the energy loss efficiency of the photovoltaic module less than or equal to the preset energy loss efficiency, and makes the shading area of ​​each photovoltaic cell in the photovoltaic module the same.

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