Dual lock ratchet self-holding switch

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of polymer material processing equipment, in particular to a double-locking-ratchet self-holding switch which comprises a shell, a switch panel arranged on the shell and a plurality of switch mechanisms arranged on the switch panel in a circumferential direction, each switch mechanism comprising a switch electromagnetic switching structure and a ratchet locking structure arranged at two ends of the switch electromagnetic switching structure respectively. The ratchet self-locking block at one end of the switching plate is released to rotate freely, so that the switching plate can rotate to the end under the action of the suction force of the first electromagnetic driving assembly; meanwhile, the corresponding ratchet self-locking block at the other end of the switching plate is locked to be unable to rotate in a power-off state, the ratchet lock rod forms mechanical blocking and limiting to the switching plate, so that the self-holding of the switch state is realized in a pure mechanical mode, and problems such as high-temperature demagnetization, long-term aging and passive holding unreliability caused by the permanent magnet maintaining holding force are avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of self-holding switch technology, and in particular to a double-locking ratchet type self-holding switch. Background Technology

[0002] A self-holding switch (also known as a bistable switch or a latching relay) is a switching device that maintains its on or off state after the energizing pulse ends. It is widely used in industrial automation control, intelligent power distribution systems, and various energy-saving control circuits.

[0003] In existing technologies, mainstream self-holding switch solutions operate using a dual-coil structure: energizing the first coil generates a magnetic field to attract the armature, switching the switch to the operating state; energizing the second coil generates a reverse magnetic field to release the armature, switching to the reset state. Between the two energizing pulses, the current state of the switch is maintained by the magnetic force of the permanent magnet, eliminating the need for continuous power supply.

[0004] The above technical solution has the following obvious shortcomings: First, the performance degradation at high temperatures is a serious problem. Permanent magnets (such as ferrite and neodymium iron boron) all have a Curie temperature limit. When the ambient temperature approaches or exceeds the Curie temperature, the magnetic material demagnetizes, and the holding force decreases sharply. Neodymium iron boron magnets show significant magnetic attenuation above 120°C, which cannot meet the requirements of high-temperature industrial applications.

[0005] Second, magnet aging leads to a decrease in reliability. Even at room temperature, permanent magnets will undergo irreversible demagnetization under long-term vibration, impact, alternating magnetic field and other environments, causing the switching holding force to decrease year by year and limiting the product's service life.

[0006] Third, magnetic holding is essentially a passive holding mechanism. When external impact or vibration exceeds the magnetic holding force, the switch may unexpectedly switch states, posing a safety hazard.

[0007] Based on this, those skilled in the art have proposed a double-locking ratchet self-holding switch, which provides a new solution to the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To address the problems mentioned in the background art, this application provides a double-locking ratchet self-holding switch.

[0009] The double-locking ratchet-type self-holding switch provided in this application adopts the following technical solution: A double-lock ratchet self-holding switch includes a housing and a switch panel covering the housing. The switch panel is circumferentially mounted with a plurality of switching mechanisms. Each switching mechanism includes a switch electromagnetic switching structure and ratchet locking structures respectively disposed at both ends of the switch electromagnetic switching structure. The switch electromagnetic switching structure includes two support blocks that are relatively fixedly installed on the switch panel and a switching plate that is rotatably disposed between the two support blocks. A first electromagnetic drive component is provided above the switch panel, which corresponds to the two ends of the switching plate. The first electromagnetic drive component is used to generate a suction force on the switching plate to drive it to rotate. Each of the ratchet locking structures includes a ratchet self-locking block rotatably mounted on the switch panel and located at the end of the switching plate, a ratchet locking bar slidably mounted on the ratchet self-locking block and used to limit the switching plate, and self-locking drive assemblies disposed on both sides of the ratchet self-locking block. The self-locking drive assemblies are used to lock the ratchet self-locking block so that it cannot rotate, or to release the ratchet self-locking block so that it can rotate freely. The first electromagnetic drive assembly and the second electromagnetic drive assembly located at the same end of the switching plate are electrically connected, so that they are energized or de-energized at the same time. When the first electromagnetic drive assembly at one end of the switching plate is energized, the first electromagnetic drive assembly at the other end is de-energized.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, the ratchet self-locking block at the energized end of the switching plate is released and can rotate freely, allowing the switching plate to rotate towards that end under the attraction of the first electromagnetic drive component; at the same time, when the other end of the switching plate is de-energized, its corresponding ratchet self-locking block is locked and cannot rotate, and the ratchet locking rod forms a mechanical block and limit on the switching plate, thereby realizing the self-holding of the switching state in a purely mechanical way, avoiding the problems of high temperature demagnetization, long-term aging and unreliable passive holding caused by relying on permanent magnets to maintain the holding force.

[0011] Optionally, a coil fixing plate and a circuit board are fixedly installed on the top of the switch panel and above the switch electromagnetic switching structure and the ratchet locking structure. The circuit board is located above the coil fixing plate, and the first electromagnetic drive assembly is fixedly installed at the bottom of the coil fixing plate. By adopting the above technical solution, the circuit board and coil fixing plate are arranged in layers above the switching mechanism, which facilitates the unified fixing and wiring of the first electromagnetic drive components of each switching mechanism, and also facilitates the centralized control of each switching mechanism by the circuit board. The structure is compact and easy to assemble.

[0012] Optionally, a pressure spring is fixedly connected to the bottom of the switching plate, and a spring rod is slidably arranged on the inner side of the switch panel and below both ends of the pressure spring. A third return spring is sleeved on the outer side of the spring rod, and the two ends of the third return spring abut against the switch panel and the spring rod respectively. A spring is installed on the inner side of the switch panel and below the spring rod. By adopting the above technical solution, when the switching plate rotates to either end, the cooperation of the pressure spring, the spring top rod, the third reset spring and the spring forms a buffer for the switching plate's positioning action and generates a trigger signal, reducing the impact when the switching plate rotates to the position and improving the stability of the switching action.

[0013] Optionally, the first electromagnetic drive assembly includes a first energized winding post fixedly installed at the bottom of the coil fixing plate, a first energized coil wound around the outside of the first energized winding post, and a first coil core fixedly installed at the bottom of the coil fixing plate and located inside the first energized winding post. The first energized coil is electrically connected to a conductive pin, which is inserted into the circuit board and electrically connected to the circuit board. By adopting the above technical solution, when the switching plate passes the ratchet locking rod, the ratchet locking rod is smoothly retracted into the mounting groove by the guiding action of the guide drive inclined surface. After the switching plate passes, the ratchet locking rod automatically resets and extends under the action of the first reset spring, thereby forming a limit block on the switching plate and realizing mechanical power-off protection of the power failure end.

[0014] Optionally, the ratchet self-locking block has an inner mounting groove, the ratchet locking rod is slidably disposed in the mounting groove and extends out of the ratchet self-locking block toward the end near the switching plate, and the top of the ratchet locking rod near the switching plate has an inclined guide drive slope; a disassembly cover is detachably installed on the ratchet self-locking block and on the side of the mounting groove away from the ratchet locking rod, and a first return spring is provided between the disassembly cover and the ratchet locking rod, with the two ends of the first return spring respectively abutting against the ratchet locking rod and the disassembly cover; By adopting the above technical solution, the second electromagnetic drive component generates a suction force on the drive plate after being energized. The drive plate drives the locking block to rotate, causing the locking teeth to disengage from the gear, thereby releasing the lock on the ratchet self-locking block and allowing it to rotate freely with the push of the ratchet locking rod, thus realizing a reliable switch between the locked state and the released state.

[0015] Optionally, the self-locking drive assembly includes mounting blocks fixed to the top of the switch panel and located on both sides of the ratchet self-locking block. Connecting rods are fixed to both sides of the ratchet self-locking block, and the connecting rods are rotatably disposed inside the corresponding mounting blocks. Gears are fixed to the outer sides of the connecting rods. A locking block is rotatably disposed inside the mounting block and on one side of the gear. The bottom of the locking block near the gear has locking teeth for engaging with the gear. A drive plate is fixed to the outer side of the locking block. The end of the drive plate extends out of the corresponding mounting block, and the top of its extended end has an inclined adsorption slope. The self-locking drive assembly includes a second electromagnetic drive assembly, which is disposed on the mounting block and above the drive plate. The second electromagnetic drive assembly is used to drive the drive plate to rotate the locking block, thereby separating the locking teeth from the gear. By adopting the above technical solution, the second electromagnetic drive component generates a suction force on the drive plate after being energized. The drive plate drives the locking block to rotate, causing the locking teeth to disengage from the gear, thereby releasing the lock on the ratchet self-locking block and allowing it to rotate freely with the push of the ratchet locking rod, thus realizing a reliable switch between the locked state and the released state.

[0016] Optionally, an elastic locking component is installed inside the mounting block and above the locking block. The elastic locking component includes a guide sleeve fixed inside the mounting block, a vertical slide rod slidably disposed inside the guide sleeve, and a pressure wheel rotatably connected to the bottom of the vertical slide rod. A second return spring is provided at the top of the vertical slide rod and inside the guide sleeve. The two ends of the second return spring abut against the top of the vertical slide rod and the top of the inner side of the guide sleeve, respectively. In the natural state, under the elastic force of the second return spring, the pressure wheel abuts against the top of the locking block, so that the locking teeth mesh and engage with the gear. By adopting the above technical solution, in the natural state where the second electromagnetic drive component is not powered, the elastic locking component presses the locking block with the pressure wheel, so that the locking teeth and gears always remain in a meshing and engaging state, thereby reliably locking the ratchet self-locking block even when the power is off, improving the safety of maintaining the switch state.

[0017] Optionally, the self-locking drive assembly further includes a self-resetting structure disposed on the ratchet self-locking block. The self-resetting structure automatically rotates and resets when the locking tooth separates from the gear, so that the ratchet locking lever returns to its initial position limiting the switching plate. The self-resetting structure includes a counterweight disposed at the bottom of the ratchet self-locking block. When the locking tooth separates from the gear, the ratchet self-locking block rotates and resets under the weight of the counterweight, so that the ratchet locking lever returns to its initial position. Alternatively, the self-resetting structure includes a reset torsion spring sleeved on the outside of the connecting rod. The two ends of the reset torsion spring are respectively connected to the ratchet self-locking block and the corresponding mounting block. When the locking tooth separates from the gear, the ratchet self-locking block rotates and resets under the torque of the reset torsion spring, so that the ratchet locking lever returns to its initial position. By adopting the above technical solution, the ratchet self-locking block can automatically rotate and reset by its own gravity or the elastic force of the torsion spring after being unlocked, so that the ratchet locking bar returns to the initial position that can limit the switching plate. This provides a guarantee that the ratchet locking bar at this end will form a limit block on the switching plate again after the switching plate moves next time. No additional driving power is required, and the structure is simple and reliable.

[0018] Optionally, the second electromagnetic drive assembly includes a second energized winding post fixedly mounted on the mounting block and located above the drive plate, a second energized coil wound around the outside of the second energized winding post, and a second coil core fixed on the mounting block and located inside the second energized winding post. A multi-core wire is provided on one side of the mounting block, and the multi-core wire is electrically connected to the corresponding second energized coil. A connecting wire is connected between the second energized coils located on both sides of the ratchet self-locking block, and the two second energized coils are connected in series with the connecting wire through the multi-core wire on both sides. The multi-core wire is electrically connected to the circuit board. By adopting the above technical solution, the two second energizing coils located on both sides of the ratchet self-locking block are connected in series with multi-core wires through connecting wires and then uniformly controlled by the circuit board, which simplifies the electrical connection structure and facilitates the linkage on-off control of the first electromagnetic drive component and the second electromagnetic drive component at both ends of the same switching mechanism.

[0019] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: This invention replaces the permanent magnet to maintain the switch state by using a mechanical locking structure in which a ratchet self-locking block meshes with a gear and a locking block. This avoids the problem of the permanent magnet demagnetizing due to high temperature or long-term use, which leads to a decrease in holding force and improves the reliability of the switch in high temperature and long-term use environments. This invention utilizes a linkage control method where the first and second electromagnetic drive components located at the same end of the switching plate are simultaneously energized and de-energized, and the first electromagnetic drive components at both ends of the switching plate are alternately energized and de-energized. This allows the switching action to be synchronized with the unlocking and locking actions of the corresponding ratchet locking structure. After the switching plate is in position, the ratchet locking structure at the de-energized end remains in a mechanically locked state. Even if the system suddenly loses power, the switch state is maintained by the ratchet locking structure in a purely mechanical manner, preventing accidental state switching due to external vibration or impact, thus improving the safety and reliability of the switch state maintenance. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure inside the housing of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a top view schematic diagram of the switch electromagnetic switching structure and ratchet locking structure of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the interior of the housing of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the switch electromagnetic switching structure and the ratchet locking structure of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the switch electromagnetic switching structure and ratchet locking structure of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the ratchet locking structure of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the ratchet self-locking block and the reset torsion spring of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the ratchet locking structure of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the ratchet self-locking block, ratchet locking rod, and counterweight of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the gear, locking block and drive plate of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 12 This is an exploded structural diagram of the gear, locking block, and drive plate of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the elastic pressure locking component of the present invention.

[0033] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Housing; 2. Switch panel; 3. Circuit board; 4. Coil fixing plate; 5. Switch electromagnetic switching structure; 6. Ratchet locking structure; 51. First electromagnetic drive assembly; 511. First energized winding post; 512. First energized coil; 513. First coil core; 514. Conductive pin; 52. Support block; 53. Switching plate; 531. Compression spring; 54. Spring top rod; 55. Spring; 61. Ratchet self-locking block; 62. Ratchet locking rod; 63. First return spring; 64. Self-locking drive assembly; 65. Return torsion spring; 611. Mounting slot; 612. Removable cover; 613. Counterweight; 614. Connecting rod; 621. Guide drive ramp; 641. Mounting block; 642. Second electromagnetic drive assembly; 644. Multi-core wire; 645. Connecting wire; 646. Gear; 647. Locking block; 648. Drive plate; 649. Elastic locking element; 6421. Second energized coil; 6422. Second energized winding post; 6471. Locking tooth; 6481. Adsorption ramp; 6491. Vertical slide bar; 6492. Pressure wheel; 6493. Guide sleeve; 6494. Second return spring. Detailed Implementation

[0034] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the following will be described in conjunction with the appendix. Figure 1-13 The present invention will now be described in further detail.

[0035] Reference Figures 1 to 4 A double-locking ratchet-type self-holding switch includes a housing 1 and a switch panel 2 covering the housing 1. Multiple switching mechanisms are circumferentially mounted on the switch panel 2; in this embodiment, six switching mechanisms are used as an example (e.g.,...). Figure 3 As shown, six switching mechanisms are evenly distributed around the circumference of the switch panel 2, with equal included angles between adjacent switching mechanisms, thus achieving centralized installation and control of multiple switches. Those skilled in the art can set other numbers of switching mechanisms according to actual needs. Each switching mechanism includes a switch electromagnetic switching structure 5 and two ratchet locking structures 6 respectively located at both ends of the rotation axis of the switch electromagnetic switching structure 5. That is, the switch electromagnetic switching structure 5 in each switching mechanism is located in the middle, with a ratchet locking structure 6 at each end. The two ratchet locking structures 6 have identical structures and are arranged in a mirror-symmetrical manner. A coil fixing plate 4 and a circuit board 3 are fixedly installed sequentially from bottom to top on the switch panel 2, above the switch electromagnetic switching structures 5 and the ratchet locking structures 6. The circuit board 3 is located above the coil fixing plate 4 and integrates a control circuit for controlling the on / off sequence of each switching mechanism.

[0036] Each ratchet locking structure 6 is further provided with a self-locking drive assembly 64. The self-locking drive assembly 64 includes mounting blocks 641 fixed to the top of the switch panel 2 and disposed on both sides of the rotation axis of the corresponding ratchet self-locking block 61, and a second electromagnetic drive assembly 642 mounted on the mounting blocks 641. The second electromagnetic drive assembly 642 is used to drive the self-locking drive assembly 64 to lock the ratchet self-locking block 61 so that it cannot rotate, or to release the ratchet self-locking block 61 so that it can rotate freely. The first electromagnetic drive assembly 51 and the second electromagnetic drive assembly 642 located at the same end of the switching plate 53 are electrically connected. The two are controlled by the circuit board 3 to be energized or de-energized at the same time. When the first electromagnetic drive assembly 51 at one end of the switching plate 53 is energized, the first electromagnetic drive assembly 51 at the other end is de-energized, thereby ensuring that the switching plate 53 can only rotate to one end at any time and be released by the ratchet locking structure 6 at that end, while the ratchet locking structure 6 at the other end is always locked.

[0037] Reference Figures 3 to 6 The electromagnetic switching structure 5 includes two support blocks 52 that are fixedly mounted on the switch panel 2. A switching plate 53 is rotatably mounted between the two support blocks 52 via a rotating shaft. The switching plate 53 can reciprocate between the two support blocks 52 about the rotating shaft as its axis, thereby switching between two stable positions near the ratchet locking structures 6 on both sides. For example, the switching plate 53 can be made of a magnetically conductive material (such as low-carbon steel, silicon steel sheet, or other soft magnetic alloy material), or the two ends of the switching plate 53 can be provided with magnetically conductive blocks so that the two ends of the switching plate 53 can respectively generate magnetic attraction with the corresponding first coil core 513. A spring plate 531 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the switching plate 53. A spring rod 54 is slidably mounted on the inner side of the switch panel 2, below both ends of the spring plate 531. A third return spring is sleeved on the outer side of the spring rod 54, with its two ends abutting against the switch panel 2 and the spring rod 54 respectively. A spring 55 is installed on the inner side of the switch panel 2, below the spring rod 54. The spring 55 generates and outputs a feedback signal indicating the switch's position. When the switching plate 53 rotates to either end, the spring plate 531 at that end presses down on the corresponding spring rod 54. The spring rod 54 compresses the third return spring, moving downwards and pressing down on the spring 55. The spring 55 generates the position signal. Simultaneously, the third return spring provides elastic cushioning for the movement of the spring rod 54, thereby reducing the impact on the switch panel 2 and internal components when the switching plate 53 rotates to the correct position, and improving the stability of the switch operation.

[0038] Reference Figure 5 and Figure 6A first electromagnetic drive assembly 51 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the coil fixing plate 4 and at positions corresponding to the two ends above the switching plate 53. Each first electromagnetic drive assembly 51 includes a first energized winding post 511 fixedly installed at the bottom of the coil fixing plate 4, a first energized coil 512 wound around the outside of the first energized winding post 511, and a first coil core 513 fixedly installed at the bottom of the coil fixing plate 4 and located inside the first energized winding post 511. The first energized coil 512 is electrically connected to a conductive pin 514, which is inserted into and electrically connected to the circuit board 3. The circuit board 3 controls the energization and de-energization of each first energized coil 512. When a first energized coil 512 at one end is energized, the first coil core 513 is magnetized and generates an upward attractive force on the corresponding end of the switching plate 53 directly below, driving the switching plate 53 to rotate around its axis at that end, thus achieving the switching action of the switching plate 53 between two stable positions.

[0039] Reference Figure 6 , Figure 9 and Figure 10 Each ratchet locking structure 6 includes a ratchet self-locking block 61. A connecting rod 614 extending along its rotation axis is fixedly provided on the outer side of the ratchet self-locking block 61. The ratchet self-locking block 61 is rotatably mounted inside the corresponding mounting block 641 by means of the connecting rod 614, thereby realizing that the ratchet self-locking block 61 is rotatably mounted on the switch panel 2 and located at the corresponding end of the switching plate 53. A mounting groove 611 is provided on the inner side of the ratchet self-locking block 61. A ratchet locking rod 62 is slidably arranged in the mounting groove 611. The ratchet locking rod 62 extends out of the ratchet self-locking block 61 towards the end near the switching plate 53. An inclined guide drive slope 621 is provided on the top of the end of the ratchet locking rod 62 near the switching plate 53. When the switching plate 53 rotates from top to bottom past this end, the end of the switching plate 53 first contacts the guide drive inclined surface 621. Under the guidance of the guide drive inclined surface 621, it pushes the ratchet locking rod 62 to overcome the elastic force of the first return spring 63 and retract into the mounting groove 611, so that the switching plate 53 can pass smoothly and rotate into place. After the end of the switching plate 53 passes the ratchet locking rod 62, the ratchet locking rod 62 automatically resets and extends again under the action of the first return spring 63. At this time, the ratchet locking rod 62 is located on the side of the switching plate 53 opposite to the rotation direction of this end, forming a mechanical block on the end of the switching plate 53, thereby limiting the rotation position of the switching plate 53 and preventing it from rotating in the opposite direction without external force. A detachable cover 612 is detachably installed on the ratchet self-locking block 61 and on the side of the mounting groove 611 away from the ratchet locking bar 62. A first return spring 63 is provided between the detachable cover 612 and the ratchet locking bar 62. The two ends of the first return spring 63 abut against the ratchet locking bar 62 and the detachable cover 612 respectively. The detachable design of the detachable cover 612 facilitates the inspection and replacement of the first return spring 63 and the ratchet locking bar 62.

[0040] Reference Figures 6 to 9 , Figure 11 and Figure 12 The mounting blocks 641 of the self-locking drive assembly 64 are fixed to the top of the switch panel 2 and are located on both sides of the rotation axis of the ratchet self-locking block 61. The two ends of the connecting rod 614 are rotatably mounted on the inner sides of the corresponding two mounting blocks 641. A gear 646 is fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the connecting rod 614, and the gear 646 can rotate synchronously with the connecting rod 614. A locking block 647 is rotatably mounted on the inner side of the mounting block 641 and on the side of the gear 646. The bottom of the locking block 647 near the gear 646 is provided with locking teeth 6471, which are used to mesh and engage with the teeth of the gear 646. When the locking teeth 6471 are meshed with the gear 646, the gear 646 cannot rotate, thereby preventing the connecting rod 614 and the ratchet self-locking block 61 from rotating, thus locking the ratchet self-locking block 61. A drive plate 648 is fixedly connected to the outer side of the locking block 647. For example, the drive plate 648 may be made of a magnetic material or have a magnetic block at a corresponding position. The end of the drive plate 648 extends out of the corresponding mounting block 641, and the top of its extended end is provided with an inclined adsorption slope 6481. A second electromagnetic drive assembly 642 is provided on the mounting block 641 and above the drive plate 648. The second electromagnetic drive assembly 642 includes a second energized winding post 6422 fixedly mounted on the mounting block 641, a second energized coil 6421 wound on the outer side of the second energized winding post 6422, and a second coil core fixed on the mounting block 641 and located inside the second energized winding post 6422. When the second energized coil 6421 is energized, the iron core of the second coil is magnetized and generates an upward attraction on the adsorption slope 6481 of the drive plate 648. The drive plate 648 is attracted upward and moves, causing the locking block 647 to rotate around its rotation axis, so that the locking teeth 6471 disengage from the gear 646, thereby releasing the lock on the ratchet self-locking block 61, allowing the ratchet self-locking block 61 to rotate freely when the ratchet locking bar 62 is pushed by the switching plate 53. A multi-core wire 644 is provided on one side of the mounting block 641, and the multi-core wire 644 is electrically connected to the corresponding second energized coil 6421. The two second energized coils 6421 located on both sides of the same ratchet self-locking block 61 are connected by a connecting wire 645. The two second energized coils 6421 are connected in series with the multi-core wire 644 and the connecting wire 645 on both sides to form a circuit. The multi-core wire 644 is electrically connected to the circuit board 3, and the circuit board 3 synchronously controls the on and off of the second energized coils 6421 on both sides. In each switching mechanism, the conductive pin 514 of the first electromagnetic drive component 51 located at the same end of the switching plate 53 is electrically connected to the multi-core wire 644 of the second electromagnetic drive component 642 at the same end on the circuit board 3, so that the first electromagnetic drive component 51 and the second electromagnetic drive component 642 at the same end are synchronously driven by the circuit board 3, so as to achieve simultaneous power-on or simultaneous power-off.

[0041] Reference Figure 9 , Figure 12 and Figure 13 An elastic locking member 649 is installed inside the mounting block 641 and above the locking block 647. The elastic locking member 649 includes a guide sleeve 6493 fixed inside the mounting block 641, a vertical slide rod 6491 slidably disposed inside the guide sleeve 6493, and a pressure wheel 6492 rotatably connected to the bottom of the vertical slide rod 6491. A second return spring 6494 is provided at the top of the vertical slide rod 6491 and inside the guide sleeve 6493. The two ends of the second return spring 6494 abut against the top of the vertical slide rod 6491 and the top of the inner side of the guide sleeve 6493, respectively. In its natural state, when the second electromagnetic drive assembly 642 is not energized, the vertical slide rod 6491 drives the pressure wheel 6492 to press down and abut against the top of the locking block 647 under the elastic force of the second return spring 6494. The pressure wheel 6492 applies a downward holding force to the locking block 647, ensuring that the locking teeth 6471 remain engaged with the gear 646. Thus, in the power-off state, the ratchet self-locking block 61 is reliably locked by the mechanical holding force of the elastic locking member 649, preventing the locking teeth 6471 from accidentally disengaging from the gear 646 due to external vibration or impact, thereby improving the safety of maintaining the switch state. When the second electromagnetic drive assembly 642 is energized and the drive plate 648 drives the locking block 647 to rotate, the locking block 647 rotates against the holding force applied by the pressure wheel 6492, causing the locking teeth 6471 to separate from the gear 646.

[0042] Reference Figure 8 , Figure 9 and Figure 10 The ratchet self-locking block 61 is also provided with a self-resetting structure. This self-resetting structure is used to automatically rotate and reset the ratchet self-locking block 61 after the locking tooth 6471 separates from the gear 646 and the ratchet self-locking block 61 is released. This causes the ratchet locking lever 62 to return to its initial position, which can limit the switching plate 53, thus ensuring that the ratchet locking lever 62 at this end can again limit the switching plate 53 after the next operation. In this application, the self-resetting structure can adopt at least one of the following two embodiments: In the first embodiment, refer to Figure 10 The self-resetting structure includes a counterweight 613 located at the bottom of the ratchet self-locking block 61. The counterweight 613 causes the center of gravity of the ratchet self-locking block 61 to deviate from its rotation axis. When the locking tooth 6471 separates from the gear 646 and the ratchet self-locking block 61 is released, the ratchet self-locking block 61 automatically rotates and resets under the rotational torque generated by the weight of the counterweight 613, so that the ratchet locking bar 62 returns to the above-mentioned initial position.

[0043] In the second embodiment, refer to Figure 8The self-resetting structure includes a reset torsion spring 65 sleeved on the outside of the connecting rod 614. The two ends of the reset torsion spring 65 are respectively connected to the ratchet self-locking block 61 and the corresponding mounting block 641. When the locking tooth 6471 separates from the gear 646 and the ratchet self-locking block 61 is released, the ratchet self-locking block 61 automatically rotates and resets under the torque pre-accumulated by the reset torsion spring 65, so that the ratchet locking rod 62 returns to the above-mentioned initial position.

[0044] The self-resetting structures of the two embodiments described above can be used individually or simultaneously on the same ratchet self-locking block 61. Through the combined action of the self-weight torque of the counterweight 613 and the torque of the reset torsion spring 65, the reliability and response speed of the automatic reset of the ratchet self-locking block 61 are further improved. Moreover, the above self-resetting process does not require additional driving power, and the structure is simple and reliable.

[0045] The working principle of this application is (in order to) Figure 3 Taking any one of the switching mechanisms as an example, and combining it with Figure 5 illustrate): In the initial state (i.e.) Figure 5 In the current state, one end of the switching board 53 (denoted as end A, i.e.) Figure 5 The left end of the switch plate 53 is located below the ratchet locking lever 62 on the same end, and the other end of the switch plate 53 (denoted as end B) is located below the ratchet locking lever 62 on the same end. Figure 5 The right end of the switch plate 53 is located above the ratchet locking lever 62 on the same end. Both the first electromagnetic drive assembly 51 and the second electromagnetic drive assembly 642 at end A are de-energized. End A of the switch plate 53 is limited by the ratchet locking lever 62 in the ratchet locking structure 6 on the same side, maintaining a stable position. The corresponding locking tooth 6471 at end B is engaged with the gear 646, and the ratchet self-locking block 61 at end B is locked.

[0046] When the switching plate 53 needs to be switched from end A to end B, the circuit board 3 controls the first electromagnetic drive component 51 and the second electromagnetic drive component 642 at end A to be energized simultaneously, and simultaneously controls the first electromagnetic drive component 51 and the second electromagnetic drive component 642 at end B to be de-energized simultaneously. After the second electromagnetic drive component 642 at end A is energized, its second coil core is magnetized and generates an upward attraction force on the drive plate 648. The drive plate 648 overcomes the holding force applied by the elastic locking member 649 and moves upward, driving the locking block 647 to rotate, so that the locking tooth 6471 at end A disengages from the gear 646, and the ratchet at end A changes from the locked state to the freely rotatable state of the self-locking block 61; at the same time, after the first electromagnetic drive component 51 at end A is energized, its first coil core 513 is magnetized and generates an upward attraction force on end B of the switching plate 53, driving the switching plate 53 to rotate around its axis (in Figure 5(In the state of clockwise rotation) During the rotation of end B of the switching plate 53, its end first contacts the guide drive inclined surface 621 at the top of the ratchet locking rod 62 at end B. Under the guidance, it pushes the ratchet locking rod 62 at end B back into the mounting groove 611, and at the same time drives the released ratchet self-locking block 61 at end B to rotate, so that the switching plate 53 can pass smoothly and rotate into place. After the switching plate 53 rotates into place, the pressure spring 531 at the bottom of it presses down the spring top rod 54 at end B. After being buffered by the third reset spring, it presses down the spring 55 at end B, generating a positioning feedback signal.

[0047] Meanwhile, after the second electromagnetic drive component 642 at end B loses power, under the elastic force of the second return spring 6494, the pressure wheel 6492 presses the locking block 647 at end B again, so that the locking tooth 6471 at end B and the gear 646 resume meshing and engaging, and the ratchet self-locking block 61 at end B returns to the locked state; the first electromagnetic drive component 51 at end B loses power and no longer exerts a suction force on the switching plate 53. Since the switching plate 53 has rotated away from end A, the ratchet locking rod 62 at end A loses the pressure of the switching plate 53 and automatically resets and extends under the elastic force of the first return spring 63; at the same time, the ratchet self-locking block 61 at end A automatically rotates and resets under the action of its self-resetting structure (the self-weight torque of the counterweight part 613 and / or the torque of the reset torsion spring 65), so that the ratchet locking rod 62 at end A returns to the initial position that can limit the switching plate 53, preparing for the next switch of the switching plate 53 from end B back to end A.

[0048] Subsequently, even if the entire system is powered off, the locking teeth 6471 and gear 646 at end B remain engaged, preventing the ratchet self-locking block 61 at end B from rotating. The ratchet locking lever 62 at end B continuously forms a mechanical block against the end of the switching plate 53, ensuring the switching plate 53 remains reliably in a stable position at end B. This prevents unexpected state switching due to power outages or external vibrations and impacts, thus achieving self-holding of the switch state through purely mechanical locking. This overcomes the technical problems of high-temperature demagnetization of magnets, long-term aging leading to attenuation of holding force, and unreliable passive magnetic holding in traditional permanent magnet holding schemes. Each switching mechanism installed circumferentially on the switch panel 2 operates independently according to the above structure and working principle, without interference between them. The circuit board 3 achieves centralized control and management of the multiple switch states by uniformly controlling the power-on and power-off sequence of the first electromagnetic drive component 51 and the second electromagnetic drive component 642 at both ends of each switching mechanism.

[0049] The above are all preferred embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A double-locking ratchet-type self-holding switch, characterized in that, It includes a housing (1) and a switch panel (2) covering the housing (1). The switch panel (2) is circumferentially mounted with a plurality of switch mechanisms. Each switch mechanism includes a switch electromagnetic switching structure (5) and ratchet locking structures (6) respectively disposed at both ends of the switch electromagnetic switching structure (5). The switch electromagnetic switching structure (5) includes two support blocks (52) that are fixedly installed on the switch panel (2) and a switching plate (53) that is rotatably disposed between the two support blocks (52). The switch panel (2) is provided with a first electromagnetic drive assembly (51) corresponding to both ends of the switching plate (53). The first electromagnetic drive assembly (51) is used to generate a suction force on the switching plate (53) to drive it to rotate. Each of the ratchet locking structures (6) includes a ratchet self-locking block (61) rotatably mounted on the switch panel (2) and located at the end of the switching plate (53), a ratchet locking bar (62) slidably mounted on the ratchet self-locking block (61) and used to limit the switching plate (53), and self-locking drive assemblies (64) disposed on both sides of the ratchet self-locking block (61). The self-locking drive assemblies (64) are used to lock the ratchet self-locking block (61) so that it cannot rotate, or to release the ratchet self-locking block (61) so that it can rotate freely. The self-locking drive assembly (64) includes a second electromagnetic drive assembly (642). The first electromagnetic drive component (51) located at the same end of the switching plate (53) is electrically connected to the second electromagnetic drive component (642), so that the two are energized or de-energized at the same time. When the first electromagnetic drive component (51) at one end of the switching plate (53) is energized, the first electromagnetic drive component (51) at the other end of the switching plate (53) is de-energized.

2. The double-locking ratchet self-holding switch according to claim 1, characterized in that, A coil fixing plate (4) and a circuit board (3) are fixedly installed on the top of the switch panel (2) and above the switch electromagnetic switching structure (5) and the ratchet locking structure (6). The circuit board (3) is located above the coil fixing plate (4), and the first electromagnetic drive assembly (51) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the coil fixing plate (4).

3. A double-locking ratchet-type self-holding switch according to claim 2, characterized in that, A pressure spring (531) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the switching plate (53). A spring rod (54) is slidably arranged on the inner side of the switch panel (2) and below both ends of the pressure spring (531). A third reset spring is sleeved on the outer side of the spring rod (54). The two ends of the third reset spring abut against the switch panel (2) and the spring rod (54) respectively. A spring (55) is installed on the inner side of the switch panel (2) and below the spring rod (54).

4. A double-locking ratchet-type self-holding switch according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first electromagnetic drive assembly (51) includes a first energized winding post (511) fixedly installed at the bottom of the coil fixing plate (4), a first energized coil (512) wound around the outside of the first energized winding post (511), and a first coil core (513) fixedly installed at the bottom of the coil fixing plate (4) and located inside the first energized winding post (511). The first energized coil (512) is electrically connected to a conductive pin (514), which is inserted into the circuit board (3) and electrically connected to the circuit board (3).

5. A double-locking ratchet-type self-holding switch according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ratchet self-locking block (61) has an installation groove (611) on its inner side. The ratchet locking rod (62) is slidably disposed in the installation groove (611) and extends out of the ratchet self-locking block (61) towards the end near the switching plate (53). The top of the ratchet locking rod (62) near the switching plate (53) has an inclined guide drive slope (621). A disassembly cover (612) is detachably installed on the ratchet self-locking block (61) on the side of the installation groove (611) away from the ratchet locking rod (62). A first return spring (63) is provided between the disassembly cover (612) and the ratchet locking rod (62). The two ends of the first return spring (63) abut against the ratchet locking rod (62) and the disassembly cover (612) respectively.

6. A double-locking ratchet self-holding switch according to claim 2, characterized in that, The self-locking drive assembly (64) includes mounting blocks (641) fixed to the top of the switch panel (2) and located on both sides of the ratchet self-locking block (61). Connecting rods (614) are fixed on both sides of the ratchet self-locking block (61). The connecting rods (614) are rotatably disposed on the inner side of the corresponding mounting block (641), and gears (646) are fixed on the outer side of the connecting rods (614). A locking block (647) is rotatably disposed on the inner side of the mounting block (641) and on one side of the gear (646). The bottom of the locking block (647) near the gear (646) is provided with a purpose. The locking teeth (6471) engage with the gear (646); a drive plate (648) is fixed on the outside of the locking block (647), the end of the drive plate (648) extends out of the corresponding mounting block (641), and the top of its extended end is provided with an inclined adsorption slope (6481). The second electromagnetic drive assembly (642) is disposed on the mounting block (641) and located above the drive plate (648), and is used to drive the drive plate (648) to drive the locking block (647) to rotate, so that the locking teeth (6471) separate from the gear (646).

7. A double-locking ratchet-type self-holding switch according to claim 6, characterized in that, An elastic locking member (649) is installed inside the mounting block (641) and above the locking block (647). The elastic locking member (649) includes a guide sleeve (6493) fixed inside the mounting block (641), a vertical slide rod (6491) slidably disposed inside the guide sleeve (6493), and a pressure wheel (6492) rotatably connected to the bottom of the vertical slide rod (6491). The top of the vertical slide rod (6491) and located above the locking block (647) is also installed on the guide sleeve (6493). A second return spring (6494) is provided inside the sleeve (6493). The two ends of the second return spring (6494) abut against the top of the vertical slide rod (6491) and the top of the inner side of the guide sleeve (6493), respectively. In the natural state, under the elastic force of the second return spring (6494), the pressure wheel (6492) abuts against the top of the locking block (647), so that the locking tooth (6471) meshes with the gear (646).

8. A double-locking ratchet-type self-holding switch according to claim 6, characterized in that, The self-locking drive assembly (64) further includes a self-resetting structure disposed on the ratchet self-locking block (61). The self-resetting structure is used to automatically rotate and reset when the locking tooth (6471) is separated from the gear (646), so that the ratchet locking bar (62) returns to the initial position for limiting the switching plate (53). The self-resetting structure includes a counterweight (613) disposed at the bottom of the ratchet self-locking block (61). When the locking tooth (6471) is separated from the gear (646), the ratchet self-locking block (61) rotates and resets under the weight of the counterweight (613), so that the ratchet locking bar (62) returns to the initial position.

9. A double-locking ratchet-type self-holding switch according to claim 6, characterized in that, The ratchet self-locking block (61) is provided with a self-resetting structure. The self-resetting structure is used to restore the ratchet locking bar (62) to the initial position that limits the switching plate (53) when the locking tooth (6471) is separated from the gear (646). The self-resetting structure includes a reset torsion spring (65) sleeved on the outside of the connecting rod (614). The two ends of the reset torsion spring (65) are respectively connected to the ratchet self-locking block (61) and the corresponding mounting block (641). When the locking tooth (6471) is separated from the gear (646), under the torque of the reset torsion spring (65), the ratchet self-locking block (61) rotates and resets, so that the ratchet locking bar (62) returns to the initial position.

10. A double-locking ratchet-type self-holding switch according to claim 6, characterized in that, The second electromagnetic drive assembly (642) includes a second energized winding post (6422) fixedly mounted on the mounting block (641) and located above the drive plate (648), a second energized coil (6421) wound around the outside of the second energized winding post (6422), and a second coil core fixed on the mounting block (641) and located inside the second energized winding post (6422). A multi-core wire (644) is provided on one side of the mounting block (641), and the multi-core wire (644) is electrically connected to the corresponding second energized coil (6421). A connecting wire (645) is connected between the second energized coils (6421) located on both sides of the ratchet self-locking block (61), and the two second energized coils (6421) are connected in series with the connecting wire (645) through the multi-core wire (644) on both sides. The multi-core wire (644) is electrically connected to the circuit board (3).

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