A battery management system and all-vanadium redox flow battery

Abstract

The application discloses a battery management system and a full vanadium flow battery, and relates to the technical field of battery management. The battery management system comprises a main controller and a plurality of sub-controllers, wherein the number of the sub-controllers is the same as that of battery composition units of the full vanadium flow battery and corresponds to the battery composition units one by one; an interaction end of the main controller is connected with an interaction end of each sub-controller to establish a communication connection between the main controller and each sub-controller; the sub-controller is further connected with a plurality of field measurement and control components in the corresponding battery composition unit, is used for collecting original measurement and control data generated by the field measurement and control components, generating monitoring result information of the battery composition unit based on the original measurement and control data, and sending the monitoring result information to the main controller; and the main controller is further connected with a host computer at a remote end, and is used for sending the monitoring result information to the host computer. The above scheme can reduce the wiring cost of the management system of the full vanadium flow battery.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of battery management technology, and in particular to a battery management system and a vanadium redox flow battery. Background Technology

[0002] Vanadium redox flow batteries typically consist of multiple dispersed battery units, including positive electrode capacity containers, negative electrode capacity containers, power containers, and heat exchange boxes. These units are independently configured with significant spacing between them. During operation, a battery management system is required to collect operating parameters such as voltage, current, temperature, pressure, and liquid level from each battery unit, and to implement anomaly monitoring and alarm management based on these parameters.

[0003] When managing vanadium redox flow batteries, traditional battery management systems often adopt a centralized control architecture. This requires laying the signal cables of field measurement and control components such as sensors and actuators in each battery unit to the central controller. This results in a large amount of field wiring, high cable costs, and difficulty in construction and debugging, leading to high wiring costs for battery management systems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, this application provides a battery management system and a vanadium redox flow battery, the main purpose of which is to solve the technical problem of high wiring cost of the management system of the vanadium redox flow battery.

[0005] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a battery management system is provided for monitoring a vanadium redox flow battery, the battery management system comprising a main controller and a plurality of sub-controllers, wherein the number of the sub-controllers is the same as the number of battery constituent units of the vanadium redox flow battery, and they correspond one-to-one. The main controller's interaction terminal is connected to the interaction terminal of each of the sub-controllers to establish a communication connection between the main controller and each of the sub-controllers; The sub-controller is also connected to multiple field measurement and control components in the corresponding battery unit, for collecting the raw measurement and control data generated by the field measurement and control components, generating monitoring result information of the battery unit based on the raw measurement and control data, and sending the monitoring result information to the main controller; The main controller is also connected to a remote host computer for sending the monitoring results information to the host computer.

[0006] In an optional embodiment, the battery assembly unit includes one or more of the following: a positive electrode capacity tank, a negative electrode capacity tank, a power container, a heat exchanger, and a battery management cabinet.

[0007] In an optional embodiment, the field monitoring and control component includes a sensor component, and the raw monitoring and control data includes sensor data; the monitoring result information includes abnormal result information and normal result information; the sub-controller is used to acquire sensor data from the sensor component and compare the sensor data with a preset numerical range for the sensor component; when the sensor data is within the numerical range, normal result information is generated, and the normal result information and the identification information of the sensor component are sent to the main controller; when the sensor data is not within the numerical range, abnormal result information is generated, and the abnormal result information and the identification information of the sensor component are sent to the main controller.

[0008] In an optional embodiment, the main controller pre-stores multiple preset alarm messages, each preset alarm message corresponding to at least one abnormal result message; the main controller is also used to send the preset alarm message to the host computer when it receives all the abnormal result messages corresponding to the preset alarm message from the sub-controller.

[0009] In an optional embodiment, the sub-controller is further configured to perform the following processing: the sub-controller acquires sensor data from each connected sensor component and arranges all the sensor data into a data queue; calculates a first parameter vector of the data queue and acquires preset abnormal parameter vectors corresponding to various abnormal alarm information; calculates the cosine similarity between the first parameter vector and each preset abnormal parameter vector respectively; when there is a preset abnormal parameter vector whose cosine similarity with the first parameter vector is greater than a preset threshold, the abnormal alarm information corresponding to the preset abnormal parameter vector is sent to the main controller.

[0010] In an optional embodiment, the field measurement and control component further includes a controlled execution component; the sub-controller is also used to drive the controlled execution component to perform actions and send the action execution results of the controlled execution component to the main controller.

[0011] In an optional embodiment, the controlled execution component includes a safety execution component, which is pre-associated with at least one of the sensor components; the sub-controller is further configured to acquire sensor data emitted by all sensor components associated with the safety execution component, and control the safety execution component to perform an action when the sensor data emitted by each sensor component exceeds the corresponding numerical range.

[0012] In an optional embodiment, the main controller and each of the sub-controllers are disposed within a rigid housing; the battery management system further includes a human-machine interface disposed on the outer surface of the rigid housing; the data interaction terminal of the human-machine interface is connected to the data interaction terminal of the main controller, and the main controller is further configured to send the monitoring result information to the human-machine interface so that the human-machine interface displays the monitoring result information.

[0013] In an optional embodiment, the main controller is further configured to send a heartbeat signal to each of the sub-controllers at preset time intervals; the sub-controllers are further configured to generate a heartbeat response signal upon receiving the heartbeat signal and send the heartbeat response signal to the main controller; the main controller is further configured to determine that the communication link between the main controller and the sub-controller is abnormal if it does not receive the heartbeat response signal from the sub-controller after a preset waiting time after sending the heartbeat signal to the sub-controller, and send a connection abnormality alarm message to the host computer.

[0014] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a vanadium redox flow battery is provided, the vanadium redox flow battery including the battery management system as described above.

[0015] The present invention provides a battery management system and a vanadium redox flow battery, which adopts a distributed architecture with a main controller and multiple sub-controllers working together. Each sub-controller corresponds one-to-one with each component of the vanadium redox flow battery and collects the original measurement and control data of the component on-site. This eliminates the need to directly connect the signal cables of a large number of field measurement and control components to the main controller, greatly reducing the amount of cables used and the wiring length, and significantly reducing the wiring and construction costs of the system.

[0016] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of this application. In order to better understand the technical means of this application and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of this application more obvious and understandable, the following are specific embodiments of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and, together with their description, serve to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation thereof. In the drawings: Figure 1 This diagram illustrates the structure of a battery management system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 A schematic diagram of another battery management system provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the present application can be combined with each other.

[0019] Vanadium redox flow batteries typically consist of multiple dispersed battery units, including positive electrode capacity containers, negative electrode capacity containers, power containers, and heat exchange boxes. These units are independently configured with significant spacing between them. During operation, a battery management system (BMS) is required to collect operating parameters from each battery unit, such as voltage, current, temperature, pressure, liquid level, and leakage. Based on these parameters, the BMS can perform anomaly monitoring and alarm management. Traditional BMS systems often employ a centralized control architecture, requiring the signal cables from sensors, actuators, and other field control components within each unit to be laid to a central controller. This results in extensive field cabling, high cable costs, and significant installation and debugging difficulties, leading to high overall cabling costs for the BMS.

[0020] To address the above problems, in one embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, a battery management system is provided. Taking the management and control of a vanadium redox flow battery as an example, the battery management system includes a main controller 100 and multiple sub-controllers 200. The number of sub-controllers 200 is the same as the number of battery components contained in the vanadium redox flow battery, and they correspond one-to-one. Here, the main controller 100 and the sub-controllers 200 can be computer devices such as microcontrollers and digital signal processors.

[0021] As an example, such as Figure 2 As shown, a common vanadium redox flow battery's battery components may include a positive electrode capacity tank 301, a negative electrode capacity tank 302, a power container 303, a heat exchange box 304, and a battery management cabinet 305. Based on this, the number of sub-controllers can be five: a first sub-controller 210, a second sub-controller 220, a third sub-controller 230, a fourth sub-controller 240, and a fifth sub-controller 250. The first sub-controller 210 is connected to multiple field monitoring and control components (not shown in the figure) in the positive electrode capacity tank 301; the second sub-controller 220 is connected to multiple field monitoring and control components in the negative electrode capacity tank 302; the third sub-controller 230 is connected to multiple field monitoring and control components in the power container 303; the fourth sub-controller 240 is connected to multiple field monitoring and control components in the heat exchange box 304; and the fifth sub-controller 250 is connected to multiple field monitoring and control components in the battery management cabinet 305.

[0022] Furthermore, such as Figure 1As shown, the interaction terminal of the main controller 100 is connected to the interaction terminal of each of the sub-controllers 200 to establish a communication connection between the main controller 100 and each of the sub-controllers 200. Furthermore, each sub-controller 200 corresponds to a specific battery unit 300, and the sub-controller 200 is also connected to multiple field measurement and control components 310 in the corresponding battery unit 300 to collect the raw measurement and control data sent by the field measurement and control components 310, generate monitoring result information of the battery unit based on the raw measurement and control data, and send the monitoring result information to the main controller 100.

[0023] As an example, if the battery unit 300 is a positive electrode capacity tank, the field measurement and control component 310 of the battery unit 300 may include a positive electrode tank level sensor, a positive electrode circulation pump, a positive electrode electric outlet valve, a positive electrode pipeline pressure sensor, and a positive electrode flow sensor. Furthermore, the sub-controller 200 can collect positive electrode tank level data from the positive electrode tank level sensor, positive electrode circulation pump frequency data from the positive electrode circulation pump, positive electrode electric outlet valve status data from the positive electrode electric outlet valve, positive electrode pipeline pressure data from the positive electrode pipeline pressure sensor, and positive electrode flow data from the positive electrode flow sensor, and use the above data as raw measurement and control data.

[0024] Furthermore, if the battery unit 300 is a power container, the field measurement and control component 310 of the battery unit 300 may include a stack voltage sensor, a string voltage sensor, and a stack impedance detection unit; furthermore, the sub-controller 200 can collect stack voltage data from the stack voltage sensor, string voltage data from the string voltage sensor, and stack impedance data from the stack impedance detection unit, and use the above data as raw measurement and control data.

[0025] Furthermore, the sub-controller 200 can compare the raw measurement and control data collected from the field measurement and control component 310 with the preset threshold range corresponding to the field measurement and control component 310. When the raw measurement and control data collected by the field measurement and control component 310 is not within the preset threshold range, it determines that the physical quantity collected by the field measurement and control component 310 is abnormal and generates an abnormal alarm message as monitoring result information and sends it to the main controller 100. When the raw measurement and control data is within the preset threshold range, it determines that the physical quantity of the battery system is normal and generates normal status information as monitoring result information and sends it to the main controller 100.

[0026] Furthermore, the main controller 200 is also connected to a remote host computer (not shown in the figure) for sending the monitoring results information to the host computer. Here, the host computer can be a computer device such as a server in the control center, and relevant personnel can view the information sent by the main controller 200 from the host computer.

[0027] Here, the field measurement and control component 310 may include sensor components, which are detection devices that collect the operating physical parameters of the battery unit 300 and convert them into recognizable electrical signals. As an example, when the battery unit 300 corresponding to the sub-controller 200 is a positive electrode capacity tank, the sensor components connected to the sub-controller 200 include a positive electrode tank level sensor, a positive electrode circulation pump, a positive electrode pipeline pressure sensor, and a positive electrode flow sensor, etc. When the battery unit 300 corresponding to the sub-controller 200 is a negative electrode capacity tank, the sensor components connected to the sub-controller 200 include a negative electrode tank level sensor, a negative electrode circulation pump, a negative electrode pipeline pressure sensor, and a negative electrode flow sensor, etc. When the battery unit 300 corresponding to the sub-controller 200 is a power container, the sensor components connected to the sub-controller 200 include a stack voltage sensor, a string voltage sensor, and a stack impedance detection unit, etc.

[0028] Furthermore, the monitoring result information sent to the main controller 100 includes abnormal result information and normal result information; furthermore, the sub-controller 200 is used to acquire sensor data from the sensor components and compare the sensor data with a preset numerical range for the sensor components; wherein, the sensor data can be physical operating parameters such as liquid level, pressure, flow rate, and temperature collected by the sensor components. Here, a preset numerical range can be set for each sensor component, which can be the range of sensor data values ​​collected by the sensor components when the battery unit 300 is in a normal state, as a criterion for judging whether the physical quantity collected by the sensor components is normal; for example, the numerical range corresponding to the stack voltage sensor can be the stack voltage numerical range.

[0029] As an example, if the battery unit 300 connected to the sub-controller 200 is a positive electrode capacity tank, the sub-controller 200 collects positive electrode tank level data, positive electrode circulation pump frequency data, positive electrode pipeline pressure data, and positive electrode flow data from the positive electrode tank level sensor, positive electrode circulation pump, positive electrode pipeline pressure sensor, and positive electrode flow sensor, respectively, and uses these data as different sensor data. Furthermore, the sub-controller 200 can retrieve pre-stored numerical ranges corresponding to each sensor component. For example, the numerical range corresponding to the positive electrode tank level sensor is the level value range, the numerical range corresponding to the positive electrode circulation pump is the circulation pump frequency range, the numerical range corresponding to the positive electrode pipeline pressure sensor is the pipeline pressure value range, and the numerical range corresponding to the positive electrode flow sensor is the positive electrode flow value range. These numerical ranges can be pre-calibrated through experiments or tests, corresponding to the value range of data collected by each sensor component under normal operating conditions of the battery system.

[0030] Furthermore, for each sensor component, the sensor data sent by that sensor component is compared with the corresponding numerical range of that sensor component; for example, the positive flow data collected from the positive flow sensor can be compared with the positive flow numerical range to determine whether the positive flow data is within the positive flow numerical range.

[0031] Furthermore, when the sensor data collected by the sensor component is within the numerical range corresponding to that sensor component, normal result information is generated, and the normal result information and the identification information of the sensor component are sent to the main controller. For example, when the positive flow data collected by the positive flow sensor is within a preset positive flow value range, the sub-controller 200 generates normal positive flow result information and uploads the normal result information and the identification information of the positive flow sensor to the main controller 100, so that the main controller 100 sends the normal result information and the identification information of the positive flow sensor to the host computer, so that relevant personnel can determine that the physical quantity collected by the positive flow sensor is normal, that is, the positive flow of the positive capacity tank is in a normal state.

[0032] Conversely, when the sensor data collected by a sensor component is outside the corresponding numerical range of that sensor component, an abnormal result information is generated, and this abnormal result information, along with the identification information of the sensor component, is sent to the main controller 100. For example, when the positive flow data collected by the positive flow sensor exceeds a preset positive flow value range, the sub-controller 200 immediately generates a positive flow anomaly as an abnormal result information and uploads this abnormal result information, along with the identification information of the positive flow sensor, to the main controller 100. Furthermore, when the positive pipeline pressure data collected by the positive pipeline pressure sensor exceeds a preset pipeline pressure value range, the sub-controller 200 immediately generates a positive pipeline pressure anomaly as an abnormal result information and uploads this abnormal result information, along with the identification information of the positive flow sensor, to the main controller 100. Further, the main controller 100 sends the abnormal alarm information and the corresponding sensor identification to the host computer so that staff can quickly locate the abnormal location and take appropriate protective measures in a timely manner.

[0033] Furthermore, the process for each of the other battery component units 300 to collect data from the corresponding sensor components and perform anomaly detection is the same as described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0034] Furthermore, the main controller 100 pre-stores multiple preset alarm messages, each of which corresponds to at least one abnormal result message. For example, the preset alarm message of positive electrolyte circulation failure can correspond to the alarm result message of positive flow abnormality and the alarm result message of positive pipeline pressure abnormality. The correspondence between other types of preset alarm messages and abnormal result messages can be flexibly set according to actual operation and maintenance needs.

[0035] Furthermore, the main controller 100 is also used to send the preset alarm information to the host computer when it receives all the abnormal result information corresponding to the preset alarm information from the sub-controller 200 within a preset time period. In actual operation, the main controller 100 receives various abnormal result information uploaded by each sub-controller in real time. When it receives all the abnormal result information matching a certain preset alarm information within a preset time period, it immediately pushes the integrated preset alarm information to the host computer to complete the reporting. For example, if the main controller 100 receives abnormal result information such as abnormal positive flow and abnormal positive pipeline pressure from the sub-controller 200, it can send a preset alarm information for positive electrolyte circulation failure to the host computer.

[0036] The battery management system provided in this embodiment adopts a distributed architecture with a main controller and multiple sub-controllers working together. Each sub-controller corresponds to one of the components of the vanadium redox flow battery and collects raw measurement and control data locally. This eliminates the need to directly connect the signal cables of a large number of field measurement and control components to the main controller, greatly reducing the amount of cables used and the length of wiring, and significantly reducing the wiring and construction costs of the system.

[0037] In an optional embodiment, the sub-controller is further configured to perform the following processes: First, the sub-controller acquires sensor data from each connected sensor component and arranges all the sensor data into a data queue in a preset order. For example, if a sub-controller corresponds to a positive electrode capacity tank, the sub-controller can acquire positive electrode tank level data from the positive electrode tank level sensor, positive electrode circulation pump frequency data from the positive electrode circulation pump, positive electrode pipeline pressure data from the positive electrode pipeline pressure sensor, and positive electrode flow data from the positive electrode flow sensor. Furthermore, the positive electrode tank level data, positive electrode circulation pump frequency data, positive electrode pipeline pressure data, and positive electrode flow data can be arranged into a data queue.

[0038] Furthermore, the first parameter vector of the data queue is calculated, and the preset abnormal parameter vectors corresponding to various abnormal alarm information are obtained. Specifically, the data queue can be feature extracted based on a numerical vectorization model, a feature encoding model, or a shallow neural network model to obtain the first parameter vector of the data queue.

[0039] Furthermore, the abnormal alarm information can be a fault alarm of the battery unit of the vanadium redox flow battery. The preset abnormal parameter vector corresponding to this abnormal alarm information can be obtained in the following way: First, when a fault alarm corresponding to the abnormal alarm information occurs in the battery unit, the sensor data collected by each sensor component in the battery unit is acquired, and all sensor data are arranged in a preset order as an abnormal parameter queue. Then, features can be extracted from the abnormal parameter queue based on a numerical vectorization model, a feature encoding model, or a shallow neural network model to obtain the preset abnormal parameter vector of the abnormal alarm information, and the preset abnormal parameter vector is mapped and stored with the abnormal alarm information.

[0040] Furthermore, the cosine similarity between the first parameter vector and each of the preset abnormal parameter vectors is calculated respectively. When there is a preset abnormal parameter vector whose cosine similarity with the first parameter vector is greater than a preset threshold, the abnormal alarm information corresponding to the preset abnormal parameter vector is sent to the main controller.

[0041] Specifically, after obtaining the first parameter vector and the preset abnormal parameter vectors corresponding to each abnormal alarm information stored in the system, the sub-controller sequentially performs similarity calculations between the first parameter vector and each preset abnormal parameter vector.

[0042] Furthermore, after the calculation is completed, the sub-controller compares each calculated cosine similarity result with a preset threshold. If the cosine similarity result between a preset abnormal parameter vector and the first parameter vector is greater than the preset threshold, it is determined that the device status corresponding to the current sensor data matches the abnormal alarm information mapped by the preset abnormal parameter vector, and the sub-controller then sends the abnormal alarm information to the main controller.

[0043] The embodiments provided in this application form a data queue from data collected by multiple sensors, extract feature vectors based on a model, and then combine cosine similarity comparison to achieve accurate matching of abnormal states, so as to comprehensively capture the multi-dimensional operating characteristics of the battery system, improve the accuracy of fault identification, and enhance the fault identification capability of the battery system.

[0044] In an optional embodiment, the field monitoring and control component can be a controlled execution component, which can be a driving device such as a circulating pump or an electrically controlled valve that can receive control commands and complete operating condition adjustment. As an example, the controlled execution component in the positive electrode capacity tank can include a positive electrode electric outlet valve and a positive electrode circulating pump; the controlled execution component in the negative electrode capacity tank can include a negative electrode electric outlet valve and a negative electrode circulating pump; the controlled execution component in the heat exchange box can include a direct cooling machine and a cooling fan; the controlled execution component in the battery management cabinet can include a relay and a power distribution switch. Here, the output terminal of the sub-controller can be connected to the control terminal of the controlled execution component in its corresponding battery unit to control it to perform related actions.

[0045] Furthermore, the sub-controller is also used to drive the controlled execution components connected to it to perform actions, and to send the action execution results of the controlled execution components to the main controller. As an example, the sub-controller connected to the positive electrode capacity tank can control the opening and closing of the positive electrode electric outlet valve, as well as the operating frequency and motor speed of the positive electrode circulation pump. It then sends the completed opening / closing status of the positive electrode electric outlet valve and the operating frequency and motor speed of the positive electrode circulation pump as execution results to the main controller. The sub-controller connected to the negative electrode capacity tank can control the opening and closing of the negative electrode electric outlet valve and adjust the operating speed and power of the negative electrode circulation pump. It then uploads the valve opening / closing status and negative electrode circulation pump operating parameters to the main controller. The sub-controller connected to the heat exchanger can control the start / stop operation and cooling power adjustment of the direct cooling unit, while also controlling the start / stop and operating speed of the cooling fan. It then feeds back the actual operating status of the cooling and cooling equipment to the main controller. The sub-controller connected to the battery management cabinet can control the on / off state of internal relays and the opening / closing state of the power distribution switch. It also collects and reports the on / off state of the relays and the operating state of the power distribution switch to the main controller. In this way, the sub-controller can perform pressure regulation, valve regulation, and liquid level regulation on the battery unit, and control the operating status of the battery unit.

[0046] Furthermore, the controlled execution component includes a safety execution component, which is pre-associated with at least one of the sensor components. Here, the safety execution component can be an emergency shut-off valve, a pressure relief device, or other device with fault protection functions that can receive commands to trigger safety protection actions. As an example, the safety execution component in the battery unit may include components such as a valve emergency shut-off assembly and an emergency power-off switch. The valve emergency shut-off assembly can be associated with sensor components such as a tank level sensor and a positive electrode pipeline pressure sensor in the battery unit, and the emergency power-off switch can be associated with sensor components such as a positive electrode flow sensor in the battery unit. The specific association method can be determined according to the actual situation.

[0047] Furthermore, the sub-controller is also used to control the safety actuator to perform actions when all sensor data emitted by all sensor components associated with the safety actuator exceeds the corresponding value range. Here, "performing actions" refers to the device completing operations such as valve opening / closing, pipeline depressurization, and equipment shutdown after receiving the corresponding control command. In actual operation, the sub-controller can collect sensor data generated by all sensor components associated with the same safety actuator, and compare each sensor data with its corresponding preset value range. When it is detected that all sensor data associated with a certain safety actuator exceeds the corresponding normal value range, the sub-controller immediately outputs a control signal to drive the corresponding safety actuator to initiate a preset protection action.

[0048] As an example, if the sensor data collected by the tank level sensor and the positive electrode pipeline pressure sensor both exceed the corresponding value range, the valve emergency shut-off component can be controlled to quickly close and cut off the flow of medium in the pipeline, thereby blocking the continued delivery of electrolyte and avoiding operational risks caused by pipeline overpressure and abnormal liquid level.

[0049] The embodiments provided in this application can achieve local control of the controlled execution components of each unit and provide real-time feedback on the execution results through a sub-controller. Combined with the linkage design of safety execution components and sensors, protective actions can be quickly triggered when an anomaly occurs. This not only improves the response efficiency of execution control but also ensures the accuracy of system safety protection. At the same time, it can effectively reduce the operating burden of the main controller and reduce the computing power requirements of the main controller.

[0050] In an optional embodiment, the main controller and each of the sub-controllers are housed in a rigid housing, which may be made of insulating material to provide security protection for the main controller and each sub-controller.

[0051] Furthermore, the battery management system also includes a human-machine interface, which is disposed on the outer surface of the rigid housing; here, the human-machine interface can be a serial port touch screen.

[0052] Furthermore, the data interaction terminal of the human-computer interaction interface is connected to the data interaction terminal of the main controller, and the main controller is also used to send the monitoring result information to the human-computer interaction interface so that the human-computer interaction interface can display the monitoring result information.

[0053] Specifically, the human-machine interface can establish a connection with the data interaction terminal of the main controller through signal lines. After receiving the monitoring results information uploaded by each sub-controller, the main controller organizes and transmits the various information to the human-machine interface for visualization. At the same time, staff can issue various control commands through the human-machine interface. The commands are forwarded by the main controller to the corresponding sub-controller, thereby completing the remote control and parameter setting operations of various components in each battery unit.

[0054] Furthermore, the battery management system also includes a status indicator light, which is disposed on the surface of the rigid casing. Specifically, the output terminal of the main controller is connected to the control terminal of the status indicator light, and is used to control the status indicator light to emit an abnormal status indication signal when abnormal result information is received from the sub-controller. Specifically, the status indicator light can be fixedly installed on the outer surface of the rigid casing, and the main controller is connected to the control terminal of the status indicator light through a circuit. In actual operation, the main controller continuously receives various monitoring information transmitted from each sub-controller. Once it receives abnormal result information uploaded by the sub-controller, the main controller immediately outputs a corresponding control level signal to the status indicator light, thereby driving the status indicator light to output the corresponding abnormal status indication signal.

[0055] The embodiments provided in this application employ an insulated rigid housing to house the main controller and sub-controllers, providing protection and isolation. Simultaneously, a serial port touchscreen enables intuitive data display and remote control, improving operational convenience and facilitating on-site installation, debugging, and routine maintenance and inspection.

[0056] In an optional embodiment, the sub-controllers can be located at the corresponding battery unit and communicate with the main controller via signal lines. Furthermore, the main controller is also configured to send a heartbeat signal to each sub-controller at preset time intervals. Specifically, after the main controller initializes, it first establishes a physical link with each sub-controller, and after the physical link is successfully established, it sends a heartbeat signal to each sub-controller.

[0057] Conversely, when the physical link between the main controller and a sub-controller is down, a corresponding alarm message can be sent to the host computer so that relevant personnel can inspect the physical link. Once the physical link is restored, the heartbeat signal can be sent again.

[0058] Furthermore, the sub-controller is also used to generate a heartbeat response signal when it receives the heartbeat signal, and send the heartbeat response signal to the main controller; specifically, the main controller periodically sends heartbeat signals to each sub-controller at regular intervals, and each sub-controller generates a corresponding heartbeat response signal according to a preset protocol after successfully receiving the heartbeat signal, and promptly sends the generated heartbeat response signal back to the main controller.

[0059] Furthermore, the main controller is also configured to, after sending a heartbeat signal to the sub-controller, if it does not receive the heartbeat response signal from the sub-controller after a preset waiting time, determine that the communication link between the main controller and the sub-controller is abnormal, and send a connection abnormality alarm message to the host computer.

[0060] Specifically, after the main controller sends a heartbeat signal to the target sub-controller, it synchronously starts a timer function and continuously listens for a heartbeat response signal from the sub-controller before the preset waiting time is reached. If no corresponding heartbeat response signal is received after the timer expires, it is determined that there is an abnormality in the communication link between the main controller and the sub-controller. Then, a connection abnormality alarm message is generated according to a preset format and uploaded to the host computer.

[0061] The embodiments provided in this application deploy sub-controllers locally and establish communication connections with the main controller. Relying on a periodic heartbeat signal interaction mechanism, the communication link status between the master and slave devices can be monitored in real time. Once a line disconnection or communication failure occurs, an alarm can be issued in a timely manner to prompt maintenance personnel to troubleshoot and repair, effectively ensuring the data transmission stability of the entire battery management system.

[0062] The battery management system provided in this embodiment adopts a distributed management and control architecture with a main controller and multiple component controllers. The component controllers are deployed nearby to collect various sensor data and perform abnormal alarms and corresponding control actions. This can significantly shorten the signal transmission distance, effectively reduce the wiring cost and signal interference of the battery system, make the management and control response rapid and the operation and maintenance convenient, and significantly improve the safety, stability and overall management and control efficiency of the battery energy storage system.

[0063] Furthermore, this embodiment also provides an all-vanadium redox flow battery, which includes the battery management system as described above.

[0064] The serial numbers in this application are for descriptive purposes only and do not represent the superiority or inferiority of any particular implementation scenario. The above disclosures are merely a few specific implementation scenarios of this application; however, this application is not limited thereto, and any variations conceived by those skilled in the art should fall within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A battery management system for monitoring vanadium redox flow batteries, characterized in that, The battery management system includes a main controller and multiple sub-controllers, wherein the number of sub-controllers is the same as the number of battery constituent units of the vanadium redox flow battery, and they correspond one-to-one. The main controller's interaction terminal is connected to the interaction terminal of each of the sub-controllers to establish a communication connection between the main controller and each of the sub-controllers; The sub-controller is also connected to multiple field measurement and control components in the corresponding battery unit, for collecting the raw measurement and control data generated by the field measurement and control components, generating monitoring result information of the battery unit based on the raw measurement and control data, and sending the monitoring result information to the main controller; The main controller is also connected to a remote host computer for sending the monitoring results information to the host computer.

2. The battery management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery assembly unit includes one or more of the following: positive electrode capacity box, negative electrode capacity box, power container, heat exchange box, and battery management cabinet.

3. The battery management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The on-site measurement and control component includes a sensor component, and the raw measurement and control data includes sensor data; the monitoring result information includes abnormal result information and normal result information. The sub-controller is used to acquire sensor data from the sensor component and compare the sensor data with a preset numerical range for the sensor component; When the sensor data is within the specified value range, normal result information is generated, and the normal result information and the identification information of the sensor component are sent to the main controller. When the sensor data is not within the specified value range, an abnormal result information is generated, and the abnormal result information and the identification information of the sensor component are sent to the main controller.

4. The battery management system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The main controller has multiple preset alarm messages pre-stored, and each preset alarm message corresponds to at least one abnormal result message; The main controller is also used to send the preset alarm information to the host computer when it receives all the abnormal result information corresponding to the preset alarm information from the sub-controller.

5. The battery management system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The sub-controller is also configured to perform the following processes: The sub-controller acquires sensor data from each connected sensor component and arranges all the sensor data into a data queue; Calculate the first parameter vector of the data queue, and obtain the preset abnormal parameter vectors corresponding to each of the various abnormal alarm information; Calculate the cosine similarity between the first parameter vector and each of the preset abnormal parameter vectors. When there is a preset abnormal parameter vector whose cosine similarity with the first parameter vector is greater than a preset threshold, send the abnormal alarm information corresponding to the preset abnormal parameter vector to the main controller.

6. The battery management system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The field measurement and control component also includes a controlled execution component; The sub-controller is also used to drive the controlled execution component to perform actions and send the action execution results of the controlled execution component to the main controller.

7. The battery management system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The controlled execution component includes a safety execution component, which is pre-associated with at least one of the sensor components; The sub-controller is also used to acquire sensor data from all sensor components associated with the safety actuator, and to control the safety actuator to perform an action when the sensor data from each sensor component exceeds the corresponding value range.

8. The battery management system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The main controller and each of the sub-controllers are housed in a rigid housing; The battery management system also includes a human-machine interface, which is disposed on the outer surface of the rigid housing; The data interaction terminal of the human-computer interaction interface is connected to the data interaction terminal of the main controller. The main controller is also used to send the monitoring result information to the human-computer interaction interface so that the human-computer interaction interface can display the monitoring result information.

9. The battery management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main controller is also used to send a heartbeat signal to each of the sub-controllers at preset time intervals; The sub-controller is also configured to generate a heartbeat response signal upon receiving the heartbeat signal, and send the heartbeat response signal to the main controller; The main controller is also configured to, after sending the heartbeat signal to the sub-controller, if it does not receive the heartbeat response signal from the sub-controller after a preset waiting time, determine that the communication link between the main controller and the sub-controller is abnormal, and send a connection abnormality alarm message to the host computer.

10. A vanadium redox flow battery, characterized in that, The vanadium redox flow battery includes a battery management system as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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